1
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Willis CM, Krzak G, Hamel R, Pirvan L, Ionescu RB, Reisz JA, Prag HA, Garcia-Segura ME, Wu V, Xiang Y, Barlas B, Casey AM, van den Bosch AMR, Nicaise AM, Roth L, Bates GR, Huang H, Prasad P, Vincent AE, Frezza C, Viscomi C, Balmus G, Takats Z, Marioni JC, D'Alessandro A, Murphy MP, Mohorianu I, Pluchino S. Mitochondrial complex I activity in microglia sustains neuroinflammation. Nature 2024; 628:195-203. [PMID: 38480879 PMCID: PMC10990929 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sustained smouldering, or low-grade activation, of myeloid cells is a common hallmark of several chronic neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis1. Distinct metabolic and mitochondrial features guide the activation and the diverse functional states of myeloid cells2. However, how these metabolic features act to perpetuate inflammation of the central nervous system is unclear. Here, using a multiomics approach, we identify a molecular signature that sustains the activation of microglia through mitochondrial complex I activity driving reverse electron transport and the production of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, blocking complex I in pro-inflammatory microglia protects the central nervous system against neurotoxic damage and improves functional outcomes in an animal disease model in vivo. Complex I activity in microglia is a potential therapeutic target to foster neuroprotection in chronic inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - C M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Pirvan
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R-B Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M E Garcia-Segura
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Wu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Xiang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Barlas
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Casey
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M R van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Roth
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Huang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Prasad
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Frezza
- University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - G Balmus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J C Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - A D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Roth L, Kronenberg L, Aasen H, Walter A, Hartung J, van Eeuwijk F, Piepho HP, Hund A. High-throughput field phenotyping reveals that selection in breeding has affected the phenology and temperature response of wheat in the stem elongation phase. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2084-2099. [PMID: 38134290 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Crop growth and phenology are driven by seasonal changes in environmental variables, with temperature as one important factor. However, knowledge about genotype-specific temperature response and its influence on phenology is limited. Such information is fundamental to improve crop models and adapt selection strategies. We measured the increase in height of 352 European winter wheat varieties in 4 years to quantify phenology, and fitted an asymptotic temperature response model. The model used hourly fluctuations in temperature to parameterize the base temperature (Tmin), the temperature optimum (rmax), and the steepness (lrc) of growth responses. Our results show that higher Tmin and lrc relate to an earlier start and end of stem elongation. A higher rmax relates to an increased final height. Both final height and rmax decreased for varieties originating from the continental east of Europe towards the maritime west. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) indicated a quantitative inheritance and a large degree of independence among loci. Nevertheless, genomic prediction accuracies (GBLUPs) for Tmin and lrc were low (r≤0.32) compared with other traits (r≥0.59). As well as known, major genes related to vernalization, photoperiod, or dwarfing, the GWAS indicated additional, as yet unknown loci that dominate the temperature response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kronenberg
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Aasen
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Earth Observation of Agroecosystems Team, Division Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Hartung
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Crop Science, Biostatistics Unit, Fruwirthstrasse 23, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fred van Eeuwijk
- Wageningen University and Research, Biometris, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Crop Science, Biostatistics Unit, Fruwirthstrasse 23, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Hund
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Willis CM, Hamel R, Krzak G, Reisz JA, Prag HA, Wu V, Xiang Y, van den Bosch AMR, Nicaise AM, Roth L, Bates GR, Huang H, Vincent AE, Frezza C, Viscomi C, Marioni JC, D'Alessandro A, Takats Z, Murphy MP, Pluchino S. Mitochondrial reverse electron transport in myeloid cells perpetuates neuroinflammation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.03.574059. [PMID: 38260262 PMCID: PMC10802366 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sustained smouldering, or low grade, activation of myeloid cells is a common hallmark of several chronic neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) 1 . Distinct metabolic and mitochondrial features guide the activation and the diverse functional states of myeloid cells 2 . However, how these metabolic features act to perpetuate neuroinflammation is currently unknown. Using a multiomics approach, we identified a new molecular signature that perpetuates the activation of myeloid cells through mitochondrial complex II (CII) and I (CI) activity driving reverse electron transport (RET) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Blocking RET in pro-inflammatory myeloid cells protected the central nervous system (CNS) against neurotoxic damage and improved functional outcomes in animal disease models in vivo . Our data show that RET in myeloid cells is a potential new therapeutic target to foster neuroprotection in smouldering inflammatory CNS disorders 3 .
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4
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Tschurr F, Kirchgessner N, Hund A, Kronenberg L, Anderegg J, Walter A, Roth L. Frost Damage Index: The Antipode of Growing Degree Days. Plant Phenomics 2023; 5:0104. [PMID: 37799632 PMCID: PMC10550053 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as heat and frost limit plant growth and productivity. Image-based field phenotyping methods allow quantifying not only plant growth but also plant senescence. Winter crops show senescence caused by cold spells, visible as declines in leaf area. We accurately quantified such declines by monitoring changes in canopy cover based on time-resolved high-resolution imagery in the field. Thirty-six winter wheat genotypes were measured in multiple years. A concept termed "frost damage index" (FDI) was developed that, in analogy to growing degree days, summarizes frost events in a cumulative way. The measured sensitivity of genotypes to the FDI correlated with visual scorings commonly used in breeding to assess winter hardiness. The FDI concept could be adapted to other factors such as drought or heat stress. While commonly not considered in plant growth modeling, integrating such degradation processes may be key to improving the prediction of plant performance for future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavian Tschurr
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Kirchgessner
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kronenberg
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Jonas Anderegg
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Department of Environmental System Sciences,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Villanueva GL, Hammel HB, Milam SN, Faggi S, Kofman V, Roth L, Hand KP, Paganini L, Stansberry J, Spencer J, Protopapa S, Strazzulla G, Cruz-Mermy G, Glein CR, Cartwright R, Liuzzi G. Endogenous CO 2 ice mixture on the surface of Europa and no detection of plume activity. Science 2023; 381:1305-1308. [PMID: 37733858 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Jupiter's moon Europa has a subsurface ocean beneath an icy crust. Conditions within the ocean are unknown, and it is unclear whether it is connected to the surface. We observed Europa with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to search for active release of material by probing its surface and atmosphere. A search for plumes yielded no detection of water, carbon monoxide, methanol, ethane, or methane fluorescence emissions. Four spectral features of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice were detected; their spectral shapes and distribution across Europa's surface indicate that the CO2 is mixed with other compounds and concentrated in Tara Regio. The 13CO2 absorption is consistent with an isotopic ratio of 12C/13C = 83 ± 19. We interpret these observations as indicating that carbon is sourced from within Europa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Villanueva
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - H B Hammel
- Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - S N Milam
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S Faggi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - V Kofman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - L Roth
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 104 50, Sweden
| | - K P Hand
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - L Paganini
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
| | - J Stansberry
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - J Spencer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - S Protopapa
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - G Strazzulla
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G Cruz-Mermy
- Universite Paris-Sarclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C R Glein
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - R Cartwright
- Carl Sagan Center for Research, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - G Liuzzi
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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6
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Roth L, Fossati D, Krähenbühl P, Walter A, Hund A. Image-based phenomic prediction can provide valuable decision support in wheat breeding. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:162. [PMID: 37368140 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genotype-by-environment interactions of secondary traits based on high-throughput field phenotyping are less complex than those of target traits, allowing for a phenomic selection in unreplicated early generation trials. Traditionally, breeders' selection decisions in early generations are largely based on visual observations in the field. With the advent of affordable genome sequencing and high-throughput phenotyping technologies, enhancing breeders' ratings with such information became attractive. In this research, it is hypothesized that G[Formula: see text]E interactions of secondary traits (i.e., growth dynamics' traits) are less complex than those of related target traits (e.g., yield). Thus, phenomic selection (PS) may allow selecting for genotypes with beneficial response-pattern in a defined population of environments. A set of 45 winter wheat varieties was grown at 5 year-sites and analyzed with linear and factor-analytic (FA) mixed models to estimate G[Formula: see text]E interactions of secondary and target traits. The dynamic development of drone-derived plant height, leaf area and tiller density estimations was used to estimate the timing of key stages, quantities at defined time points and temperature dose-response curve parameters. Most of these secondary traits and grain protein content showed little G[Formula: see text]E interactions. In contrast, the modeling of G[Formula: see text]E for yield required a FA model with two factors. A trained PS model predicted overall yield performance, yield stability and grain protein content with correlations of 0.43, 0.30 and 0.34. While these accuracies are modest and do not outperform well-trained GS models, PS additionally provided insights into the physiological basis of target traits. An ideotype was identified that potentially avoids the negative pleiotropic effects between yield and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Patrick Krähenbühl
- Delley Samen und Pflanzen AG, Route de Portalban 40, 1567, Delley, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Macchiarella G, Cornacchione V, Cojean C, Riker J, Wang Y, Te H, Ceci M, Gudjonsson JE, Gaulis S, Goetschy JF, Wollschlegel A, Gass SK, Oetliker-Contin S, Wettstein-Ling B, Schaefer DJ, Meschberger P, de Roche R, Osinga R, Wieczorek G, Naumann U, Lehmann JCU, Schubart A, Hofmann A, Roth L, Florencia EF, Loesche C, Traggiai E, Avrameas A, Prens EP, Röhn TA, Roediger B. Disease Association of Anti‒Carboxyethyl Lysine Autoantibodies in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:273-283.e12. [PMID: 36116506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring suppurating lesions of the intertriginous areas, resulting in a substantial impact on patients' QOL. HS pathogenesis remains poorly understood. An autoimmune component has been proposed, but disease-specific autoantibodies, autoantigens, or autoreactive T cells have yet to be described. In this study, we identify a high prevalence of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies directed against Nε-carboxyethyl lysine (CEL), a methylglyoxal-induced advanced glycation end-product, in the sera of patients with HS. Titers of anti-CEL IgG and IgA antibodies were highly elevated in HS compared with those in healthy controls and individuals with other inflammatory skin diseases. Strikingly, the majority of anti-CEL IgG was of the IgG2 subclass and correlated independently with both disease severity and duration. Both CEL and anti-CEL‒producing plasmablasts could be isolated directly from HS skin lesions, further confirming the disease relevance of this autoimmune response. Our data point to an aberration of the methylglyoxal pathway in HS and support an autoimmune axis in the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Macchiarella
- Biomarker Development (BMD), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Biozentrum, Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Cornacchione
- NIBR Biologics Center (NBC), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Cojean
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Riker
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yichen Wang
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Te
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Ceci
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Swann Gaulis
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean François Goetschy
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Wollschlegel
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K Gass
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Oetliker-Contin
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein-Ling
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rik Osinga
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland; Praxis beim Merian Iselin, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (CBT), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C U Lehmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Schubart
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edwin F Florencia
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Loesche
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Traggiai
- NIBR Biologics Center (NBC), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Development (BMD), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Roediger
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Kimball AB, Loesche C, Prens EP, Bechara FG, Weisman J, Rozenberg I, Jarvis P, Peters T, Roth L, Wieczorek G, Kolbinger F, Jemec GBE. IL-17A is a pertinent therapeutic target for moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Combined results from a pre-clinical and phase II proof-of-concept study. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1522-1532. [PMID: 35638561 PMCID: PMC9804780 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory, follicular skin disease whose pathology is complex and not fully understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of IL-17A in moderate-to-severe HS. Transcriptomic and histological analyses were conducted on ex vivo HS (n = 19; lesional and non-lesional) and healthy control (n = 8) skin biopsies. Further, a Phase II exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in moderate-to-severe HS patients. Patients were treated with either CJM112 300 mg (n = 33), a fully human anti-IL-17A IgG1/κ monoclonal antibody, or placebo (n = 33). The main outcome of the translational analyses was to identify IL-17A-producing cells and indications of IL-17A activity in HS lesional skin. The primary objective of the clinical study was to determine the efficacy of CJM112 in moderate-to-severe HS patients by HS-Physician Global Assessment (HS-PGA) responder rate at Week 16. Transcriptomic and histopathologic analyses revealed the presence of heterogeneous cell types in HS lesional skin; IL-17A gene signatures were increased in HS lesional vs non-lesional or healthy skin. High expression of IL-17A was localized to T cells, neutrophils, and mast cells, confirming the transcriptional data. Clinically, the proportion of Week 16 HS-PGA responders was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in the CJM112 group vs placebo (32.3% vs 12.5%). This study elucidated the role of the IL-17A pathway in HS pathogenesis and clinically validated the IL-17A pathway in moderate-to-severe HS patients in a proof-of-concept study using the anti-IL-17A-specific antibody CJM112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa B. Kimball
- Harvard Medical School and Clinical Laboratory for Epidemiology and Applied Research in Skin (CLEARS), Department of DermatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christian Loesche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Errol P. Prens
- Department of DermatologyErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Falk G. Bechara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | | | - Izabela Rozenberg
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Philip Jarvis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Peters
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Frank Kolbinger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Gregor B. E. Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zeeland University Hospital, Roskilde, Health Sciences FacultyUniversity of CopenhagenRoskildeDenmark
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9
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Puylaert P, Neutel C, Van Praet M, Roth L, Guns PJ, De Meyer G, Wim M. Gasdermin D deficiency delays atherogenesis but stimulates plaque apoptosis in ApoE-/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Zenkl R, Timofte R, Kirchgessner N, Roth L, Hund A, Van Gool L, Walter A, Aasen H. Outdoor Plant Segmentation With Deep Learning for High-Throughput Field Phenotyping on a Diverse Wheat Dataset. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:774068. [PMID: 35058948 PMCID: PMC8765702 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.774068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Robust and automated segmentation of leaves and other backgrounds is a core prerequisite of most approaches in high-throughput field phenotyping. So far, the possibilities of deep learning approaches for this purpose have not been explored adequately, partly due to a lack of publicly available, appropriate datasets. This study presents a workflow based on DeepLab v3+ and on a diverse annotated dataset of 190 RGB (350 x 350 pixels) images. Images of winter wheat plants of 76 different genotypes and developmental stages have been acquired throughout multiple years at high resolution in outdoor conditions using nadir view, encompassing a wide range of imaging conditions. Inconsistencies of human annotators in complex images have been quantified, and metadata information of camera settings has been included. The proposed approach achieves an intersection over union (IoU) of 0.77 and 0.90 for plants and soil, respectively. This outperforms the benchmarked machine learning methods which use Support Vector Classifier and/or Random Forrest. The results show that a small but carefully chosen and annotated set of images can provide a good basis for a powerful segmentation pipeline. Compared to earlier methods based on machine learning, the proposed method achieves better performance on the selected dataset in spite of using a deep learning approach with limited data. Increasing the amount of publicly available data with high human agreement on annotations and further development of deep neural network architectures will provide high potential for robust field-based plant segmentation in the near future. This, in turn, will be a cornerstone of data-driven improvement in crop breeding and agricultural practices of global benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Zenkl
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Radu Timofte
- Computer Vision Lab, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Kirchgessner
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Van Gool
- Computer Vision Lab, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Aasen
- Remote Sensing Team, Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Kump T, Roth L, Graf D, Antos N. 129: eQUIP-CR revisited: Reflecting on past projects and addressing ongoing improvement needs in a changing environment. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Kronenberg L, Yates S, Ghiasi S, Roth L, Friedli M, Ruckle ME, Werner RA, Tschurr F, Binggeli M, Buchmann N, Studer B, Walter A. Rethinking temperature effects on leaf growth, gene expression and metabolism: Diel variation matters. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2262-2276. [PMID: 33230869 PMCID: PMC8359295 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to grow under prominently fluctuating environmental conditions. In experiments under controlled conditions, temperature is often set to artificial, binary regimes with constant values at day and at night. This study investigated how such a diel (24 hr) temperature regime affects leaf growth, carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression, compared to a temperature regime with a field-like gradual increase and decline throughout 24 hr. Soybean (Glycine max) was grown under two contrasting diel temperature treatments. Leaf growth was measured in high temporal resolution. Periodical measurements were performed of carbohydrate concentrations, carbon isotopes as well as the transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Leaf growth activity peaked at different times under the two treatments, which cannot be explained intuitively. Under field-like temperature conditions, leaf growth followed temperature and peaked in the afternoon, whereas in the binary temperature regime, growth increased at night and decreased during daytime. Differential gene expression data suggest that a synchronization of cell division activity seems to be evoked in the binary temperature regime. Overall, the results show that the coordination of a wide range of metabolic processes is markedly affected by the diel variation of temperature, which emphasizes the importance of realistic environmental settings in controlled condition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kronenberg
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Steven Yates
- Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Grassland SciencesInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michael Friedli
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michael E. Ruckle
- Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Grassland SciencesInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Flavian Tschurr
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Melanie Binggeli
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Grassland SciencesInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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13
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Betz V, Ehlert J, Lees B, Roth L. Sharp phase transition for random loop models on trees. ELECTRON J PROBAB 2021. [DOI: 10.1214/21-ejp677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) used to purify recombinant proteins features a resin-bound 1:1 Ni(II)-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) complex. This hemi-saturated Ni(II)-IDA system containing exchangeable sites at the metal ion is re-cast as a surrogate of a coordinatively-unsaturated metalloenzyme active site, with utility for selecting compounds with metal-binding groups from mixtures as potential metalloenzyme inhibitors. Exchanging Ni(II) for other metal ions could broaden the scope of metalloenzyme target. This work examined the performance of Cu(II)-, Fe(III)-, Ga(III)-, Ni(II)-, or Zn(II)-IMAC resins to reversibly bind experimental or clinical metalloenzyme inhibitors of Zn(II)-ACE1, Zn(II)-HDAC, Fe(II)/(III)-5-LO or Cu(II)-tyrosinase from a curated mixture (1-17). Each IMAC system gave a distinct selection profile. The Zn(II)-IMAC system selectively bound the thiol-containing Zn(II)-ACE1 inhibitors captopril and omapatrilat, and the Fe(III)-IMAC system selectively bound the Fe(II)/(III)-5-LO inhibitor licofelone, demonstrating a remarkable IMAC-metalloenzyme metal ion match. IMAC provides a simple, water-compatible platform, which could accelerate metalloenzyme inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael P Gotsbacher
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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15
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Roth L, Camenzind M, Aasen H, Kronenberg L, Barendregt C, Camp KH, Walter A, Kirchgessner N, Hund A. Repeated Multiview Imaging for Estimating Seedling Tiller Counts of Wheat Genotypes Using Drones. Plant Phenomics 2020; 2020:3729715. [PMID: 33313553 PMCID: PMC7706335 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3729715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Early generation breeding nurseries with thousands of genotypes in single-row plots are well suited to capitalize on high throughput phenotyping. Nevertheless, methods to monitor the intrinsically hard-to-phenotype early development of wheat are yet rare. We aimed to develop proxy measures for the rate of plant emergence, the number of tillers, and the beginning of stem elongation using drone-based imagery. We used RGB images (ground sampling distance of 3 mm pixel-1) acquired by repeated flights (≥ 2 flights per week) to quantify temporal changes of visible leaf area. To exploit the information contained in the multitude of viewing angles within the RGB images, we processed them to multiview ground cover images showing plant pixel fractions. Based on these images, we trained a support vector machine for the beginning of stem elongation (GS30). Using the GS30 as key point, we subsequently extracted plant and tiller counts using a watershed algorithm and growth modeling, respectively. Our results show that determination coefficients of predictions are moderate for plant count (R 2 = 0.52), but strong for tiller count (R 2 = 0.86) and GS30 (R 2 = 0.77). Heritabilities are superior to manual measurements for plant count and tiller count, but inferior for GS30 measurements. Increasing the selection intensity due to throughput may overcome this limitation. Multiview image traits can replace hand measurements with high efficiency (85-223%). We therefore conclude that multiview images have a high potential to become a standard tool in plant phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Camenzind
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Aasen
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kronenberg
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Camp
- Delley Samen und Pflanzen AG, Route de Portalban 40, 1567 Delley, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Kirchgessner
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Penno CA, Jäger P, Laguerre C, Hasler F, Hofmann A, Gass SK, Wettstein-Ling B, Schaefer DJ, Avrameas A, Raulf F, Wieczorek G, Lehmann JCU, Loesche C, Roth L, Röhn TA. Lipidomics Profiling of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Skin Lesions Reveals Lipoxygenase Pathway Dysregulation and Accumulation of Proinflammatory Leukotriene B4. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2421-2432.e10. [PMID: 32387270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory dermatosis characterized by abscesses, deep-seated nodules, sinus tracts, and fibrosis in skin lesions around hair follicles of the axillary, inguinal, and anogenital regions. Whereas the exact pathogenesis remains poorly defined, clear evidence suggests that HS is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by innate and adaptive immune components. Bioactive lipids are important regulators of cutaneous homeostasis, inflammation, and resolution of inflammation. Alterations in the lipid mediator profile can lead to malfunction and cutaneous inflammation. We used targeted lipidomics to analyze selected omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in skin of patients with HS and of healthy volunteers. Lesional HS skin displayed enrichment of 5-lipoxygenase (LO)‒derived metabolites, especially leukotriene B4. In addition, 15-LO‒derived metabolites were underrepresented in HS lesions. Changes in the lipid mediator profile were accompanied by transcriptomic dysregulation of the 5-LO and 15-LO pathways. Hyperactivation of the 5-LO pathway in lesional macrophages identified these cells as potential sources of leukotriene B4, which may cause neutrophil influx and activation. Furthermore, leukotriene B4-induced mediators and pathways were elevated in HS lesions, suggesting a contribution of this proinflammatory lipid meditator to the pathophysiology of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Penno
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Jäger
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Laguerre
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Hasler
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K Gass
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein-Ling
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Raulf
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C U Lehmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Loesche
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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17
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Perich G, Hund A, Anderegg J, Roth L, Boer MP, Walter A, Liebisch F, Aasen H. Assessment of Multi-Image Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based High-Throughput Field Phenotyping of Canopy Temperature. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:150. [PMID: 32158459 PMCID: PMC7052280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Canopy temperature (CT) has been related to water-use and yield formation in crops. However, constantly (e.g., sun illumination angle, ambient temperature) as well as rapidly (e.g., clouds) changing environmental conditions make it difficult to compare measurements taken even at short time intervals. This poses a great challenge for high-throughput field phenotyping (HTFP). The aim of this study was to i) set up a workflow for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based HTFP of CT, ii) investigate different data processing procedures to combine information from multiple images into orthomosaics, iii) investigate the repeatability of the resulting CT by means of heritability, and iv) investigate the optimal timing for thermography measurements. Additionally, the approach was v) compared with other methods for HTFP of CT. The study was carried out in a winter wheat field trial with 354 genotypes planted in two replications in a temperate climate, where a UAV captured CT in a time series of 24 flights during 6 weeks of the grain-filling phase. Custom-made thermal ground control points enabled accurate georeferencing of the data. The generated thermal orthomosaics had a high spatial accuracy (mean ground sampling distance of 5.03 cm/pixel) and position accuracy [mean root-mean-square deviation (RMSE) = 4.79 cm] over all time points. An analysis on the impact of the measurement geometry revealed a gradient of apparent CT in parallel to the principle plane of the sun and a hotspot around nadir. Averaging information from all available images (and all measurement geometries) for an area of interest provided the best results by means of heritability. Correcting for spatial in-field heterogeneity as well as slight environmental changes during the measurements were performed with the R package SpATS. CT heritability ranged from 0.36 to 0.74. Highest heritability values were found in the early afternoon. Since senescence was found to influence the results, it is recommended to measure CT in wheat after flowering and before the onset of senescence. Overall, low-altitude and high-resolution remote sensing proved suitable to assess the CT of crop genotypes in a large number of small field plots as is required in crop breeding and variety testing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Perich
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Anderegg
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin P. Boer
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Achim Walter
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Liebisch
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Water Protection and Substance Flows, Department Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Aasen
- Group of Crop Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Roth L, Krah S, Klemm J, Günther R, Toleikis L, Busch M, Becker S, Zielonka S. Isolation of Antigen-Specific VHH Single-Domain Antibodies by Combining Animal Immunization with Yeast Surface Display. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2070:173-189. [PMID: 31625096 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9853-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In addition to conventional hetero-tetrameric antibodies, the adaptive immune repertoire of camelids comprises the so-called heavy chain-only antibodies devoid of light chains. Consequently, antigen binding is mediated solely by the variable domain of the heavy chain, referred to as VHH. In recent years, these single-domain moieties emerged as promising tools for biotechnological and biomedical applications. In this chapter, we describe the generation of VHH antibody yeast surface display libraries from immunized Alpacas and Lamas as well as the facile isolation of antigen-specific molecules in a convenient fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Janina Klemm
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Günther
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Busch
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies (PEAT), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Tok MN, Duivenvoorde LM, Kramer I, Ingold P, Pfister S, Roth L, Blijdorp IC, Sande MGH, Taurog JD, Kolbinger F, Baeten DL. Interleukin‐17A Inhibition Diminishes Inflammation and New Bone Formation in Experimental Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:612-625. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N. Tok
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Ina Kramer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - Peter Ingold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - Sabina Pfister
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Frank Kolbinger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - Dominique L. Baeten
- Academic Medical Centre/University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands, and UCB Pharma Slough UK
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Roth L, Hund A, Aasen H. PhenoFly Planning Tool: flight planning for high-resolution optical remote sensing with unmanned areal systems. Plant Methods 2018; 14:116. [PMID: 30598692 PMCID: PMC6302310 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by a huge improvement in automation, unmanned areal systems (UAS) are increasingly used for field observations and high-throughput phenotyping. Today, the bottleneck does not lie in the ability to fly a drone anymore, but rather in the appropriate flight planning to capture images with sufficient quality. Proper flight preparation for photography with digital frame cameras should include relevant concepts such as view, sharpness and exposure calculations. Additionally, if mapping areas with UASs, one has to consider concepts related to ground control points (GCPs), viewing geometry and way-point flights. Unfortunately, non of the available flight planning tools covers all these aspects. RESULTS We give an overview of concepts related to flight preparation, present the newly developed open source software PhenoFly Planning Tool, and evaluate other recent flight planning tools. We find that current flight planning and mapping tools strongly focus on vendor-specific solutions and mostly ignore basic photographic properties-our comparison shows, for example, that only two out of thirteen evaluated tools consider motion blur restrictions, and none of them depth of field limits. In contrast, PhenoFly Planning Tool enhances recent sophisticated UAS and autopilot systems with an optical remote sensing workflow that respects photographic concepts. The tool can assist in selecting the right equipment for your needs, experimenting with different flight settings to test the performance of the resulting imagery, preparing the field and GCP setup, and generating a flight path that can be exported as waypoints to be uploaded to an UAS. CONCLUSION By considering the introduced concepts, uncertainty in UAS-based remote sensing and high-throughput phenotyping may be considerably reduced. The presented software PhenoFly Planning Tool (https://shiny.usys.ethz.ch/PhenoFlyPlanningTool) helps users to comprehend and apply these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hund
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Aasen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Roth L, Grzeschik J, Hinz SC, Becker S, Toleikis L, Busch M, Kolmar H, Krah S, Zielonka S. Facile generation of antibody heavy and light chain diversities for yeast surface display by Golden Gate Cloning. Biol Chem 2018; 400:383-393. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibodies can be successfully engineered and isolated by yeast or phage display of combinatorial libraries. Still, generation of libraries comprising heavy chain as well as light chain diversities is a cumbersome process involving multiple steps. Within this study, we set out to compare the output of yeast display screening of antibody Fab libraries from immunized rodents that were generated by Golden Gate Cloning (GGC) with the conventional three-step method of individual heavy- and light-chain sub-library construction followed by chain combination via yeast mating (YM). We demonstrate that the GGC-based one-step process delivers libraries and antibodies from heavy- and light-chain diversities with similar quality to the traditional method while being significantly less complex and faster. Additionally, we show that this method can also be used to successfully screen and isolate chimeric chicken/human antibodies following avian immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Steffen C. Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Busch
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
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Roth L, Breuer E, Gupta A, Graf R, Clavien PA, Lehmann K. The impact of HIPEC on the anticancer immune response. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy487.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Grzeschik J, Yanakieva D, Roth L, Krah S, Hinz SC, Elter A, Zollmann T, Schwall G, Zielonka S, Kolmar H. Yeast Surface Display in Combination with Fluorescence‐activated Cell Sorting Enables the Rapid Isolation of Antibody Fragments Derived from Immunized Chickens. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800466. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Lukas Roth
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Steffen C. Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Tina Zollmann
- Science RelationsMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Gerhard Schwall
- Science RelationsMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250, D‐64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 4D‐64287 DarmstadtGermany
- Merck Lab @ Technische Universität DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 8, D‐64287DarmstadtGermany
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Roth L, Bempong D, Babigumira JB, Banoo S, Cooke E, Jeffreys D, Kasonde L, Leufkens HGM, Lim JCW, Lumpkin M, Mahlangu G, Peeling RW, Rees H, Ndomondo-Sigonda M, Stergachis A, Ward M, Nwokike J. Expanding global access to essential medicines: investment priorities for sustainably strengthening medical product regulatory systems. Global Health 2018; 14:102. [PMID: 30382856 PMCID: PMC6211488 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to quality-assured medical products improves health and save lives. However, one third of the world's population lacks timely access to quality-assured medicines while estimates indicate that at least 10% of medicine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are substandard or falsified (SF), costing approximately US$ 31 billion annually. National regulatory authorities are the key government institutions that promote access to quality-assured medicines and combat SF medical products but despite progress, regulatory capacity in LMICs is still insufficient. Continued and increased investment in regulatory system strengthening (RSS) is needed. We have therefore reviewed existing global normative documents and resources and engaged with our networks of global partners and stakeholders to identify three critical challenges being faced by NRAs in LMICs that are limiting access to medical products and impeding detection of and response to SF medicines. The challenges are; implementing value-added regulatory practices that best utilize available resources, a lack of timely access to new, quality medical products, and limited evidence-based data to support post-marketing regulatory actions. To address these challenges, we have identified seven focused strategies; advancing and leveraging convergence and reliance initiatives, institutionalizing sustainability, utilizing risk-based approaches for resource allocation, strengthening registration efficiency and timeliness, strengthening inspection capacity and effectiveness, developing and implementing risk-based post-marketing quality surveillance systems, and strengthening regulatory management of manufacturing variations. These proposed solutions are underpinned by 13 focused recommendations, which we believe, if financed, technically supported and implemented, will lead to stronger health system and as a consequence, positive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, USA
| | | | - Joseph B. Babigumira
- Global Medicines Program, School of Pharmacy, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Shabir Banoo
- Right to Care, South African Health Products Regulatory Authority, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emer Cooke
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Jeffreys
- International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations Regulatory Science Committee, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Hubert G. M. Leufkens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John C. W. Lim
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gugu Mahlangu
- Medicines Control Authority Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Helen Rees
- South African Health Products Regulatory Authority, University of Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Andy Stergachis
- Global Medicines Program, School of Pharmacy, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Mike Ward
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jude Nwokike
- Promoting the Quality of Medicines program, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, USA
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Israël L, Bardet M, Huppertz A, Mercado N, Ginster S, Unterreiner A, Schlierf A, Goetschy JF, Zerwes HG, Roth L, Kolbinger F, Bornancin F. A CARD10-Dependent Tonic Signalosome Activates MALT1 Paracaspase and Regulates IL-17/TNF-α–Driven Keratinocyte Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2075-2079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roth L, Nalim A, Turesson B, Krech L. Global landscape assessment of screening technologies for medicine quality assurance: stakeholder perceptions and practices from ten countries. Global Health 2018; 14:43. [PMID: 29695278 PMCID: PMC5922304 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of substandard and falsified (SF) medical products constitutes a growing global public health concern. Some countries use portable, handheld screening technologies (STs) in the field to accelerate detection of SF medicines and reduce the number of medicine samples that undergo costly and time-consuming confirmatory analysis. METHODS A multi-country, multi-stakeholder landscape assessment utilizing qualitative methodology was used to examine practices and perceptions related to the use of STs. Qualitative interview guides were designed using the results of a literature review and comprised of open-ended questions with the study participants, who were from national medicine regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmacies, and distributors. Ten geographically and economically diverse countries were selected: Argentina, China, Egypt, India, Jordan, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, the United States, and Zimbabwe. Of the completed 53 interviews, 32 were in-person, 16 were phone interviews, and 5 were via written questionnaires. RESULTS Data analysis shows a wide variation in understanding and usage of STs in different sectors. Virtually all of the study participants indicated a lack of objective, accessible information on STs to advise them on what technologies would be beneficial for their needs. Study participants also described their ideal capabilities of the next generation of STs, including shareable spectral libraries, lower acquisition costs, lesser training requirements, and in-country maintenance and technical support. CONCLUSION The results and recommendations presented in this article can be used to help regulators communicate and justify their needs to acquire and invest in new STs. There is a need for additional standardized, trustworthy and scientifically sound evaluations of STs, and to support regulators to effectively deploy the most promising technologies. ST manufacturers can take into account some of the limitations of the technologies the interviewees identified in this article, such as a dearth of technologies, which provide quantitative information about the active ingredient, and take steps to address them to better serve their customers. These results and recommendations, can catalyze research and actionable interventions into the development, review, application, and use of STs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Ameena Nalim
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Beth Turesson
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Laura Krech
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland USA
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Roth L, Adler M, Jain T, Bempong D. Monographs for medicines on WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96:378-385. [PMID: 29904220 PMCID: PMC5996216 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.205807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for those key medicines for which no complete monographs exist. Methods In August 2017, we mined eight pharmacopeias to identify which of the 669 medicines in the 20th edition of the World Health Organization's Model List of Essential Medicines were covered by complete or incomplete monographs. The pharmacopeias we included were the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, the British Pharmacopoeia, the Indian Pharmacopeia Commission, the International Pharmacopoeia, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the Mexican Pharmacopoeia, the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China and the United States Pharmacopeia. Findings For 99 (15%) of the medicines on the Model List, no monographs were available in any of the eight pharmacopeias investigated. Only 3% (1/30) of the cardiovascular medicines listed, but 28% (9/32) of the antiretroviral medicines and 23% (6/26) of the antimalarial medicines lacked monographs. Conclusion There appear to be no public standards for many so-called essential medicines. To address this shortfall, a greater collaboration in the global health community is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roth
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States of America
| | - Melissa Adler
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States of America
| | - Tanvi Jain
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States of America
| | - Daniel Bempong
- Global Public Health Division, United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States of America
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Griffin ME, Mullenix K, Roth L, Elmore JB, Mason KM, Burdette LC. 62 Time of Wrapping and the Use of Fermentation Enhancers on Forage Preservation Characteristics of Annual Ryegrass Baleage. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Roth
- Provimi North America, Montgomery, MN
| | - J B Elmore
- Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Auburn, AL
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Marschalek R, Oldenburg J, Oyen F, Schneppenheim R, Roth L. Characterisation of two novel large F8 deletions in patients with severe haemophilia A and factor VIII inhibitors. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:279-84. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-09-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryLarge deletions are found in approximately 5% of patients with severe haemophilia A, but only a few deletion breakpoints have been char-acterised precisely so far. In this study we characterised the deletion breakpoints of two patients with severe haemophilia A, large deletions and factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors, and subsequently established deletion-specific assays for the identification of carriers. Patient 1 had a deletion of 37,410 bp comprising exon 1 and the F8promoter region, and a 5 bp homology (GGGCC) is present at the chromosomal fusion site. In patient 2, a deletion of 22,230 bp including parts of intron 25, exon 26 and 3‘-UTR was identified. No homologous repetitive elements were found at the breakpoints. However, both breakpoints were located within long terminal repeats of endogenous retroviruses and the DNA motif TTTAAA – known to be able to bend DNA molecules – was identified at the centromeric breakpoint. By deletion-specific PCR experiments we were able to identify a heterozygous state in mother 2 (carrier) while mother 1 presented only with wild-type alleles (non-carrier). Both deletions are most likely created by DNA double strand breaks and subsequent DNA repair by the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway (NHEJ). The exact identification of the deletion breakpoints provides a reliable diagnostic tool for carrier identification in affected families by means of a deletion-specific PCR.
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Roth L, Schrijvers DM, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY. Angiotensin II increases coronary fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and the incidence of myocardial infarctions in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>Fbn1<sup>C1039G+/-</sup> mice. Acta Cardiol 2016; 71:483-8. [PMID: 27594365 DOI: 10.2143/ac.71.4.3159703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Von Heyking K, Roth L, Ertl M, Schmidt O, Calzada-Wack J, Neff F, Lawlor E, Burdach S, Richter G. The posterior HOXD locus: Its contribution to phenotype and malignancy of Ewing sarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jacobson E, Roth L, Sanders J, Turok D, Bullock H. Changes in IUD uptake with the availability of a low-cost levonorgestrel IUD — a retrospective review of Title X clinics. Contraception 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Roth L, Rombouts M, Schrijvers D, Martinet W, De Meyer G. Cholesterol-independent effects of atorvastatin prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a novel murine model of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rombouts M, Van Brussel I, Mathijssen J, Ammi R, Roth L, De Meyer G, Cools N, Fransen E, De Winter B, Schrijvers D. Uncovering mouse immune cell dynamics in blood and tissue reservoirs during atherogenesis: implications for therapeutic intervention? Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cordoba F, Wieczorek G, Audet M, Roth L, Schneider MA, Kunkler A, Stuber N, Erard M, Ceci M, Baumgartner R, Apolloni R, Cattini A, Robert G, Ristig D, Munz J, Haeberli L, Grau R, Sickert D, Heusser C, Espie P, Bruns C, Patel D, Rush JS. A novel, blocking, Fc-silent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody prolongs nonhuman primate renal allograft survival in the absence of B cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2825-36. [PMID: 26139432 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD40-CD154 pathway blockade prolongs renal allograft survival in nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, antibodies targeting CD154 were associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications. Antibodies targeting CD40 prolong renal allograft survival in NHPs without thromboembolic events but with accompanying B cell depletion, raising the question of the relative contribution of B cell depletion to the efficacy of anti-CD40 blockade. Here, we investigated whether fully silencing Fc effector functions of an anti-CD40 antibody can still promote graft survival. The parent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody HCD122 prolonged allograft survival in MHC-mismatched cynomolgus monkey renal allograft transplantation (52, 22, and 24 days) with accompanying B cell depletion. Fc-silencing yielded CFZ533, an antibody incapable of B cell depletion but still able to potently inhibit CD40 pathway activation. CFZ533 prolonged allograft survival and function up to a defined protocol endpoint of 98-100 days (100, 100, 100, 98, and 76 days) in the absence of B cell depletion and preservation of good histological graft morphology. CFZ533 was well-tolerated, with no evidence of thromboembolic events or CD40 pathway activation and suppressed a gene signature associated with acute rejection. Thus, use of the Fc-silent anti-CD40 antibody CFZ533 appears to be an attractive approach for preventing solid organ transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cordoba
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Wieczorek
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Audet
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Roth
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M A Schneider
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Kunkler
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Stuber
- Laboratory and Animal Services, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Erard
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ceci
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Baumgartner
- Laboratory and Animal Services, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Apolloni
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Cattini
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Robert
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Ristig
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Munz
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Haeberli
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Grau
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Sickert
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Heusser
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Espie
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Bruns
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Patel
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J S Rush
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Van der Donckt C, Roth L, Vanhoutte G, Blockx I, Bink D, Ritz K, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Bauters D, Martinet W, Daemen M, Verhoye M, De Meyer G. Fibrillin-1 impairment enhances blood–brain barrier permeability and xanthoma formation in brains of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Neuroscience 2015; 295:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hajjou M, Krech L, Lane-Barlow C, Roth L, Pribluda VS, Phanouvong S, El-Hadri L, Evans L, Raymond C, Yuan E, Siv L, Vuong TA, Boateng KP, Okafor R, Chibwe KM, Lukulay PH. Monitoring the quality of medicines: results from Africa, Asia, and South America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:68-74. [PMID: 25897073 PMCID: PMC4455073 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the quality of medicines plays a crucial role in an integrated medicines quality assurance system. In a publicly available medicines quality database (MQDB), the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) reports results of data collected from medicines quality monitoring (MQM) activities spanning the period of 2003–2013 in 17 countries of Africa, Asia, and South America. The MQDB contains information on 15,063 samples collected and tested using Minilab® screening methods and/or pharmacopeial methods. Approximately 71% of the samples reported came from Asia, 23% from Africa, and 6% from South America. The samples collected and tested include mainly antibiotic, antimalarial, and antituberculosis medicines. A total of 848 samples, representing 5.6% of total samples, failed the quality test. The failure proportion per region was 11.5%, 10.4%, and 2.9% for South America, Africa, and Asia, respectively. Eighty-one counterfeit medicines were reported, 86.4% of which were found in Asia and 13.6% in Africa. Additional analysis of the data shows the distribution of poor-quality medicines per region and by therapeutic indication as well as possible trends of counterfeit medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Hajjou
- *Address correspondence to Mustapha Hajjou, Promoting the Quality of Medicines Program, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852. E-mail:
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Krech LA, El-Hadri L, Evans L, Fouche T, Hajjou M, Lukulay P, Phanouvong S, Pribluda V, Roth L. The Medicines Quality Database: a free public resource. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 92:2-2A. [PMID: 24391291 DOI: 10.2471/blt.13.130526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Krech
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | - Latifa El-Hadri
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | - Lawrence Evans
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | | | - Mustapha Hajjou
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | - Patrick Lukulay
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | - Souly Phanouvong
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | - Victor Pribluda
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
| | - Lukas Roth
- United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines/Global Health, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852-1790, United States of America (USA)
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Roth L, Schrijvers D, De Keulenaer G, Martinet W, De Meyer G. Effect of mental stress on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, myocardial infarction and survival in mice. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hegde GV, de la Cruz CC, Chiu C, Alag N, Schaefer G, Crocker L, Ross S, Goldenberg D, Merchant M, Tien J, Shao L, Roth L, Tsai SP, Stawicki S, Jin Z, Wyatt SK, Carano RAD, Zheng Y, Sweet-Cordero EA, Wu Y, Jackson EL. Blocking NRG1 and Other Ligand-Mediated Her4 Signaling Enhances the Magnitude and Duration of the Chemotherapeutic Response of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:171ra18. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hermann-Kleiter N, Meisel M, Fresser F, Thuille N, Müller M, Roth L, Katopodis A, Baier G. Nuclear orphan receptor NR2F6 directly antagonizes NFAT and RORγt binding to the Il17a promoter. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:428-40. [PMID: 22921335 PMCID: PMC3516707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the signature cytokine produced by Th17 CD4(+) T cells and has been tightly linked to autoimmune pathogenesis. In particular, the transcription factors NFAT and RORγt are known to activate Il17a transcription, although the detailed mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the nuclear orphan receptor NR2F6 can attenuate the capacity of NFAT to bind to critical regions of the Il17a gene promoter. In addition, because NR2F6 binds to defined hormone response elements (HREs) within the Il17a locus, it interferes with the ability of RORγt to access the DNA. Consistently, NFAT and RORγt binding within the Il17a locus were enhanced in Nr2f6-deficient CD4(+) Th17 cells but decreased in Nr2f6-overexpressing transgenic CD4(+) Th17 cells. Taken together, our findings uncover an example of antagonistic regulation of Il17a transcription through the direct reciprocal actions of NR2F6 versus NFAT and RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter Mayr Str. 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fayez R, AlMuntashery A, Bodie G, Almamar A, Gill R, Raîche I, Mueller C, AlMuntashery A, Fayez R, AlMuntashery A, Moustarah F, Khokhotva M, Anvari M, Kwong J, Elkassem S, Bonrath E, Zevin B, Sockalingam S, Smith C, Smith C, Whitlock K, Gill R, Suri M, Palter V, Wakeam E, Khan R, Martelli V, Malik A, Young P, Daigle C, McCreery G, Seth R, Paskar D, Sudarshan M, Richardson D, Haggar F, Davis V, Rivard J, Agzarian J, Racz J, Winocour J, Zilbert N, Decker C, Neumann K, Gosney J, Wissanji H, Chadi S, Alhabboubi M, Partridge E, Alhabboubi M, Olszewski M, Chan R, Nadler A, Hameed U, Brotherhood H, Menezes A, MacDonald B, Rakovich G, Hilsden R, Merani S, Davis P, Davis P, Cools-Lartigue J, Ojah J, Julien F, Carter D, Pitt D, Banks B, Rudovics A, Ravichandran P, Anantha R, Aad I, Kholdebarin R, Aird L, Wong S, Payne J, Hallet J, Farries L, Raiche I, Botkin C, Morency D, Berger-Richardson D, Isa A, Dupuis I, Schweigert M, Koubi S, Ernjakovic M, Grant K, Cools-Lartigue J, Carrott P, Stafford T, Malthaner R, Sudarshan M, Hanna W, Lee L, Markar S, Razzak R, Bharadwaj S, Ashrafi A, Ouellette D, Fergusson D, Forster A, Boushey R, Porter G, Johnson P, Gomes T, Chan B, Auer R, Moloo H, Mamdani M, Markar S, Al-Omran M, Al-Obaid O, Boushey R, Lim DR, Min BS, Baik SH, Gordon P, Kim NK, Lo A, Pinsk I, Bottoni D, Brown C, Raval M, Cheng H, Wong C, Johnston N, Farrokhyar F, Stephen W, Kelly S, Lindsay L, Forbes S, Knickle C, Bouchard A, Parry N, Leslie K, Ott M, Coughlin S, Gazala S, Gazala S, Donahoe L, Walker K, Li C, Alnasser S, Schweigert M, Schweigert M, Zhuruk A, Hanouf A, Vanounou T, Karanicolas P, Aubin JM, Yeung J, Dumitra S, Simoneau E, Vanounou T, Howe B, Hawel J, Jang JH, Bertens K, Rekman J, Wei A, Dumitra S, Koubi S, Ouellet JF, Wei A, Covelli A, Maniar R, Sun S, Davis V, Brackstone M, Boissonneault R, Kim S, Baliski C, Gazala S, Hameed U, Sudarshan M, Arnaout A, Wedman D, Nostedt M, Hebbard P, Shetty S, Dixon M, Wei A, Dixon M, Kazazian K, Lemke M, Wells B, Musselman R, Zih FSW, Menezes A, Nassif M, Leon-Carlyle M, Wei A, Krotneva S, Bradley N, Trabulsi N, Trabulsi N, Chin-Lenn L, Cheng H, Petrucci A, Sandhu L, Neville A, Lee L, Li C, Yang I, Prabhu KL, Melich G, Knowles S, Richardson D, Borowiec A, Hallet J, Boissonneault R, Kolozsvari N, Hallet J, Tuttle P, VanHouwelingen L, Haggar F, Boulanger-Gobeil C, Chan B, Chan B, Richardson D, Musselman R, Melich G, Phang P, Goldstein L, Wen C, Lebrun A, Chadi S, Roy M, Villeneuve S, AlMuntashery A, Demyttenaere S, Christou N, Court O, Fayez R, Demyttenaere S, Christou N, Court O, Bonrath E, Hagen J, Okrainec A, Sullivan P, Grantcharov T, Sharma A, Karmali S, Birch D, Majumdar S, Wang X, Tuepah R, Klarenbach S, Birch D, Karmali S, Sharma A, Padwal R, Smith C, Haggar F, Moloo H, Poulin E, Martel G, Yelle JD, Mamazza J, Jackson T, Penner T, Pitzul K, Urbach D, Okrainec A, Villeneuve S, Roy M, Fayez R, Demyttenaere S, Christou N, Court O, Roy M, Villeneuve S, AlMuntashery A, Demyttenaere S, Christou N, Court O, Fayez R, Demyttenaere S, Court O, Christou N, Biertho L, Hould FS, Lebel S, Lescelleur O, Marceau S, Marceau P, Biron S, Grantcharov T, Sharma A, Yusuf S, Okrainec A, Pitzul K, Urbach D, Jackson T, Lindsay D, Sullivan P, Smith L, Zevin B, Dedy N, Grantcharov T, Bonrath E, Aggarwal R, Grantcharov T, Cassin S, Crawford S, Pitzul K, Khan A, Hawa R, Jackson T, Okrainec A, Brar B, Mamazza J, Raîche I, Yelle JD, Haggar F, Moloo H, Brar B, Haggar F, Dent R, Mamazza J, Raîche I, Moloo H, Gill R, Ali T, Shi X, Birch D, Karmali S, Whitlock K, Shi X, Sarkhosh K, Birch D, Karmali S, Turner J, Nation P, Wizzard P, Brubaker P, Gisalet D, Wales P, Grantcharov T, Tien H, Spencer F, Brenneman F, Kowal J, Wiseman S, Fraser S, Vedel I, Deban M, Holcroft C, Monette M, Monette J, Bergman S, Bell C, Stukel T, Urbach D, Mueller T, Lucykx V, Lukowski C, Compston C, Churchill T, Khadaroo R, Grantcharov T, Vogt K, Dubois L, Gray D, Ananth A, Tai LH, Lam T, Falls T, Souza C, Bell J, Auer R, Crawford S, Parry N, Leslie K, Alhabboubi M, St-Louis E, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Feldman L, Khwaja K, Porter G, Johnson P, Boushey R, Moloo H, Raiche I, Mamazza J, Schiller D, Eurich D, Sawyer M, Vergis A, Unger B, Hardy K, Andrew C, Gillman L, Park J, Prodger J, Kelly W, Kelly S, Prodger D, Ewara E, Martin J, Sarma S, Chu M, Schlachta C, Zaric G, Al-Ali K, Briggs K, George R, Murnaghan M, Leung A, Regehr G, Moulton CA, Mahmud S, Metcalfe J, McKay A, Park J, Hochman D, Burkle F, Redmond A, McQueen K, Desrosiers E, Gilbert A, Leslie K, Ott M, Sudarshan M, Jessula S, Alburakan A, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Iqbal S, Khwaja K, Aikins C, Sudarshan M, Deckelbaum D, Iqbal S, Khwaja K, Razek T, Roberts N, Moulton CA, Murnaghan M, Cil T, Marshall J, Pederson K, Erichsen S, White J, Aarts MA, Okrainec A, Victor J, Pearsall E, McLeod R, Jackson T, Okrainec A, Penner T, Urbach D, Karimuddin A, Hall C, Bawan S, Malik S, Hayashi A, Gill R, McAlister C, Zhang N, DesRosiers E, Mills A, Crozier M, Lee L, Maxwell J, Partridge E, Chad S, Steigerwald S, Mapiour D, Roberts D, MacPherson C, Donahoe L, Mercer D, Hopman W, Latulippe JF, Knowles S, Moffat B, Parry N, Leslie K, Switzer N, Khadaroo R, Tul Y, Widder S, Molinari M, Levy A, Johnson P, Bailey J, Molinari M, Hayden J, Johnson P, Benlolo S, Marcus V, Ferri L, Finley R, Anderson D, Gagné JP, Chan S, Wong S, Li J, Michael A, Choi D, Liu E, Hoogenes J, Dath D, Aubin JM, Mew D, McConnell Y, Classen D, Kanthan S, Croome K, Kovacs M, Lazo-Langner A, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Vogt K, Crawford S, Parry N, Leslie K, Khoshgoo N, Iwasiow B, Keijzer R, Brown C, Isa D, Pace D, Widder S, Tul Y, Primrose M, Hudson D, Khadaroo R, Lauzier F, Mailloux O, Trottier V, ARchambault P, Zarychanski R, Turgeon A, Mailloux O, Hardy P, Muirhead R, Masters J, Haggar F, Poulin HME, Martel G, Mamazza J, Milbrandt C, Keijzer R, Sideris L, Grenier-Vallée P, Latulippe JF, Dubé P, Kurashima Y, Kaneva P, Feldman L, Fried G, Vassiliou M, Kwan AL, Fraser S, Solymosi N, Rauh N, Dubecz A, Renz M, Ofner D, Stein H, Borgaonkar M, Crystal P, Easson A, Escallon J, Reedijk M, Cil T, Leong W, McCready D, Clifton J, Mayo J, Finley R, Noreau-Nguyen M, Mulder D, Ferri L, Markar S, Hong J, Low D, Maslow A, Davignon K, Ng T, Tan L, Aruranian J, Kosa S, Ferri L, Murphy G, Allison F, Moshonov H, Darling G, Waddell T, De Perrot M, Cypel M, Yasufuku K, Keshavjee S, Paul N, Pierre A, Darling G, Pedneault C, Marcus V, Mulder D, Ferri L, Low D, Roa W, Löbenberg R, McEwan S, Bédard E, Louie B, Farivar A, McHugh S, Aye R, Tan-Tam C, De Vera M, Bond R, Ong S, Johal B, Schellenberg D, Po M, Nissar S, Lund C, Ahmadi S, Wakil N, Rakovich G, Beauchamps G, Preston S, Baker C, Low D, Campbell G, Malthaner R, Bethune D, Henteleff H, Johnston M, Buduhan G, Coughlin HE, Roth L, Bhandari M, Malthaner R, Johnson J, Kutsogiannis J, Bédard E, Rammohan K, Stewart K, Bédard E, Buduhan G, Gruchy J, Xu Z, Buduhan G, Ferri L, Mulder D, Ncuti A, Neville A, Kaneva P, Watson D, Vassiliou M, Carli F, Feldman L, Av R, Mayrand S, Franco E, Ferri L, Dubecz A, Renz M, Stadlhuber R, Ofner D, Stein H, Renz M, Dubecz A, Solymosi N, Thumfart L, Ofner D, Stein H, Croome K, Leeper R, Hernandez R, Livingstone S, Sapp J, Woodhall D, Alwayn I, Bergman S, Lam-McCulloch J, Balaa F, Jayaraman S, Quan D, Wei A, Guyatt G, Rekman J, Fairfull-Smith R, Mimeault R, Balaa F, Martel G, Boehnert M, Bazerbachi F, Knaak J, Selzner N, McGilvray I, Rotstein O, Adeyi O, Levy G, Keshavjee S, Grant D, Selzner M, Khalil JA, Jamal M, Chaudhury P, Zogopoulos G, Petrakos P, Tchervenkov J, Barkun J, Jamal M, Hassanain M, Chaudhury P, Wong S, Salman A, Tran T, Metrakos P, Groeschl R, Geller D, Marsh J, Gamblin T, Croome K, Croome K, Quan D, Hernandez R, Kim P, Greig PD, Gallinger S, Moulton CA, Wei A, Fischer S, Cleary S, Vogt K, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Gray D, Aubin J, Fairfull-Smith J, Mimeault R, Balaa F, Martel G, Devitt K, Ramjaun A, Gallingher S, Alabbad S, Constantinos D, Hassanein M, Barkun J, Metrakos P, Paraskevas S, Chaudhury P, Tchervenkov J, Borgaonkar M, Tanyingoh D, Dixon E, Kaplan G, Myers R, Howard T, Sutherland F, Zyromski N, Ball C, Coburn N, Moulton CA, Cleary S, Law C, Greig P, Steven G, Baxter N, Fitch M, Wright F, Hochman D, Wirtzfeld D, McKay A, Yaffe C, Yip B, Silverman R, Park J, McConnell Y, Temple W, Mack L, Schiller D, Bathe O, Sawyer M, Scott L, Vandenberg T, Perera F, Potvin K, Chambers A, Loungnarath R, DeBroux É, Lavertu S, Donath D, Ayoub JP, Tehfé M, Richard C, Cornacchi S, Heller B, Farrokhyar F, Babra M, Lovrics P, Liberto C, Ghosh S, McLean R, Schiller D, Jackson T, Okrainec A, Penner T, Urbach D, Dumitra S, Duplisea J, Wexler S, Seely J, Smylie J, Knight K, Robertson S, Watters J, Zhang T, Arneout A, Hochman D, Wirtzfeld D, McKay A, Yip B, Yaffe C, Silverman R, Park J, Baxter N, Yun L, Rakovitch E, Wright F, Warner E, McCready D, Hodgson N, Quan M, Natarajan B, Govindarajan V, Thomas P, Loggie B, Brar S, Mahar A, Law C, Coburn N, Devitt K, Wiebe M, Bathe O, McLeod R, Baxter N, Gagliardi A, Kennedy E, Urbach D, Brar S, Mahar A, Law C, Coburn N, Zih F, Rosario C, Dennis J, Gingras AC, Swallow C, Ko YJ, Rowsell C, Law C, Saskin R, Quan ML, Xie M, McLaughlin K, Marginean C, Moyana T, Moloo H, Boushey R, Auer R, Razik R, Haase E, Mathieson A, Smith A, Swallow C, Barnes A, Scheer A, Moloo H, Boushey R, Sabri E, Auer R, Reidel K, Trabulsi N, Meterissian S, Tamblyn R, Mayo N, Meguerditchian A, Brown J, Hamm J, Phang P, Raval M, Brown C, Devitt K, Wiebe M, Bathe O, McLeod R, Taylor B, Urbach D, Reidel K, Mayo N, Tamblyn R, Meguerditchian A, Hamm J, Wiseman S, Patakfalvi L, Nassif M, Turcotte R, Nichols A, Meguerditchian A, Riedel K, Winslade N, Grégoire JP, Meterissian S, Abrahamovicz M, Megueerditchian A, Pasieka J, McMillan C, Lipa J, Snell L, Sudarshan M, Dumitra S, Duplisea J, Wexler S, Meterissian S, Tomlinson G, Kennedy E, Wei A, Baxter N, Urbach D, Liberman A, Charlebois P, Stein B, Ncuti A, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Capretti G, Power A, Liberman A, Charlebois P, Stein B, Kaneva P, Carli F, Fried G, Feldman L, Carli F, Charlebois P, Stein B, Liberman A, Kaneva P, Augustin B, Gamsa A, Kim DJ, Vassiliou M, Feldman L, Boushey R, Moloo H, Vu L, Chan S, Phang P, Gown A, Jones S, Wiseman S, Jeong DH, Hur H, Baik SH, Kim NK, Faria J, Min BS, Lumb K, Colquhoun P, Porter G, Johnson P, Baxter N, Schmocker S, Huang H, Victor J, Krzyzanowska MK, Brierley J, McLeod R, Kennedy E, Milot H, Desrosiers E, Lebrun A, Drolet S, Bouchard A, Grégoire R, Vuong T, Loungnarath R, DeBroux E, Liberman A, Charlebois P, Stein B, Richard C, Capretti G, Kaneva P, Neville A, Carli F, Liberman S, Charlebois P, Stein B, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Milot H, Drolet S, Bouchard A, Grégoire R, Powell R, Fowler A, Mathieson A, Martin K, Vogt K, Ott M, Pereira G, Einarsdottir K, Moloo H, Boushey R, Mamazza J, Bouchard A, Gagné J, Grégoire R, Thibault C, Bouchard P, Gomes T, Musselman R, Auer R, Moloo H, Mamdani M, Al-Omran M, Boushey R, AlObeed O, Armstrong J. Canadian Surgery Forum1 Is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy a reasonable stand-alone procedure for super morbidly obese patients?2 Postoperative monitoring requirements of patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing bariatric surgery3 Role of relaparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of bariatric complications in the early postoperative period4 Changes of active and total ghrelin, GLP-1 and PYY following restrictive bariatric surgery and their impact on satiety: comparison of sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding5 Prioritization and willingness to pay for bariatric surgery: the patient perspective6 Ventral hernia at the time of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery: Should it be repaired?7 Linear stapled gastrojejunostomy with transverse handsewn enterotomy closure significantly reduces strictures for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y bypass8 Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch as second stage for super super morbidly obese patients. Do all patients benefit?9 Sleeve gastrectomy in the super super morbidly obese (BMI > 60 kg/m2): a Canadian experience10 Laparoscopic gastric bypass for the treatment of refractory idiopathic gastroparesis: a report of 2 cases11 Duodeno-ileal switch as a primary bariatric and metabolic surgical option for the severely obese patient with comorbidities: review of a single-institution case series of duodeno-ileal intestinal bypass12 Management of large paraesophageal hernias in morbidly obese patients with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case series13 Early results of the Ontario bariatric surgical program: using the bariatric registry14 Improving access to bariatric surgical care: Is universal health care the answer?15 Early and liberal postoperative exploration can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing bariatric surgery16 Withdrawn17 Identification and assessment of technical errors in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass18 A valid and reliable tool for assessment of surgical skill in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass19 Psychiatric predictors of presurgery drop-out following suitability assessment for bariatric surgery20 Predictors of outcomes following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery at The Ottawa Hospital21 Prophylactic management of cholelithiasis in bariatric patients: Is routine cholecystectomy warranted?22 Early outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a publicly funded obesity program23 Similar incidence of gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture formation with hand-sewn and 21 mm circular stapler techniques during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass24 (CAGS Basic Science Award) Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 improves clinical, morphological and histological outcomes of intestinal adaptation in a distal-intestinal resection piglet model of short bowel syndrome25 (CAGS Clinical Research Award) Development and validation of a comprehensive curriculum to teach an advanced minimally invasive procedure: a randomized controlled trial26 Negative-pressure wound therapy (iVAC) on closed, high-risk incisions following abdominal wall reconstruction27 The impact of seed granting on research in the University of British Columbia Department of Surgery28 Quality of surgical care is inadequate for elderly patients29 Recurrence of inguinal hernia in general and hernia specialty hospitals in Ontario, Canada30 Oncostatin M receptor deficiency results in increased mortality in an intestinal ischemia reperfusion model in mice31 Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hernias with anterior gastropexy: a multicentre trial32 Response to preoperative medical therapy predicts success of laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura33 Perioperative sepsis, but not hemorrhagic shock, promotes the development of cancer metastases in a murine model34 Measuring the impact of implementing an acute care surgery service on the management of acute biliary disease35 Patient flow and efficiency in an acute care surgery service36 The relationship between treatment factors and postoperative complications after radical surgery for rectal cancer37 Risk of ventral hernia after laparoscopic colon surgery38 Urinary metabolomics as a tool for early detection of Barrett’s and esophageal cancer39 Construct validity of individual and summary performance metrics associated with a computer-based laparo-scopic simulator40 Impact of a city-wide health system reorganization on emergency department visits in hospitals in surrounding communities41 Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the nonoperative management of aortic stenosis: a cost-effectiveness analysis42 Breast cancer: racial differences in age of onset. A potential confounder in Canadian screening recommendations43 Risk taking in surgery: in and out of the comfort zone44 A tumour board in the office: Track those cancer patients!45 Increased patient BMI is not associated with advanced colon cancer stage or grade on presentation: a retrospective chart review46 Consensus statements regarding the multidisciplinary care of limb amputation patients in disasters or humanitarian emergencies. Report of the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit Surgical Working Group on amputations following disasters or conflict47 Learning the CanMEDS role of professional: a pilot project of supervised discussion groups addressing the hidden curriculum48 Assessing the changing scope of training in Canadian general surgery programs: expected versus actual experience49 Predicting need for surgical management for massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage50 International health care experience: using CanMEDS to evaluate learning outcomes following a surgical mission in Mampong, Ghana51 The open abdomen: risk factors for mortality and rates of closure52 How surgeons think: an exploration of mental practice in surgical preparation53 The surgery wiki: a novel method for delivery of under-graduate surgical education54 Understanding surgical residents’ postoperative practices before implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guideline at the University of Toronto55 From laparoscopic transabdominal to posterior retroperitoneal adrenalectomy: a paradigm shift in operative approach56 A retrospective audit of outcomes in patients over the age of 80 undergoing acute care abdominal surgery57 Canadian general surgery residents’ perspectives on work-hour regulations58 Timing of surgical intervention and its outcomes in acute appendicitis59 Preparing surgical trainees to deal with adverse events. An outline of learning issues60 Acute care surgical service: surgeon agreement at the time of handover61 Predicting discharge of elderly patients to prehospitalization residence following emergency general surgery62 Morbidity and mortality after emergency abdominal surgery in octo- and nonagenarians63 The impact of acute abdominal illness and urgent admission to hospital on the living situation of elderly patients64 A comparison of laparoscopic versus open subtotal gastrectomy for antral gastric adenocarcinoma: a North American perspective65 Minimally invasive excision of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas66 Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic hernia repair in a tertiary care centre: a single institution’s experience67 Evaluation of a student-run, practical and didactic curriculum for preclerkship medical students68 Joseph Lister: Father of Modern Surgery69 Comparisons of melanoma sentinel lymph node biopsy prediction nomograms in a cohort of Canadian patients70 Local experience with myocutaneous flaps after extensive pelvic surgery71 The treatment of noncirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis: Is anticoagulation enough?72 Implementation of an acute care surgery service does not affect wait-times for elective cancer surgeries: an institutional experience73 Use of human collagen mesh for closure of a large abdominal wall defect, after colon cancer surgery, a case report74 The role of miR-200b in pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia75 Systematic review and meta-analysis of electrocautery versus scalpel for incising epidermis and dermis76 Accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy for early breast cancer in the community setting in St. John’s, New-foundland: results of a retrospective review77 Acute surgical outcomes in the 80 plus population78 The liberal use of platelets transfusions in the acute phase of trauma resuscitation: a systematic review79 Implementation of an acute care surgical on call program in a Canadian community hospital80 Short-term outcomes following paraesophageal hernia repair in the elderly patient81 First experience with single incision surgery: feasibility in the pediatric population and cost evaluation82 The impact of the establishment of an acute care surgery unit on the outcomes of appendectomies and cholecystectomies83 Description and preliminary evaluation of a low-cost simulator for training and evaluation of flexible endoscopic skills84 Tumour lysis syndrome in metastatic colon cancer: a case report85 Acute care surgery service model implementation study at a single institution86 Colonic disasters approached by emergent subtotal and total colectomy: lessons learned from 120 consecutive cases87 Acellular collagen matrix stent to protect bowel anastomoses88 Lessons we learned from preoperative MRI-guided wire localization of breast lesions: the University Health Network (UHN) experience89 Interim cost comparison for the use of platinum micro-coils in the operative localization of small peripheral lung nodules90 Routine barium esophagram has minimal impact on the postoperative management of patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer91 Iron deficiency anemia is a common presenting issue with giant paraesophageal hernia and resolves following repair92 A randomized comparison of different ventilation strategies during thoracotomy and lung resection93 The Canadian Lung Volume Reduction Surgery study: an 8-year follow-up94 A comparison of minimally invasive versus open Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy95 A new paradigm in the follow-up after curative resection for lung cancer: minimal-dose CT scan allows for early detection of asymptomatic cancer activity96 Predictors of lymph node metastasis in early esophageal adenocarcinoma: Is endoscopic resection worth the risk?97 How well can thoracic surgery residents operate? Comparing resident and program director opinions98 The impact of extremes of age on short- and long-term outcomes following surgical resection of esophageal malignancy99 Epidermal growth factor receptor targeted gold nanoparticles for the enhanced radiation treatment of non–small cell lung cancer100 Laparoscopic Heller myotomy results in excellent outcomes in all subtypes of achalasia as defined by the Chicago classification101 Neoadjuvant chemoradiation versus surgery in managing esophageal cancer102 Quality of life postesophagectomy for cancer!103 The implementation, evolution and translocation of standardized clinical pathways can improve perioperative outcomes following surgical treatment of esophageal cancer104 A tissue-mimicking phantom for applications in thoracic surgical simulation105 Sublobar resection compared with lobectomy for early stage non–small cell lung cancer: a single institution study106 Not all reviews are equal: the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in thoracic surgery107 Do postoperative complications affect health-related quality of life after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for patients with lung cancer? A cohort study108 Thoracoscopic plication for palliation of dyspnea secondary to unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: A worthwhile venture?109 Thoracic surgery experience in Canadian general surgery residency programs110 Perioperative morbidity and pathologic response rates following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma111 An enhanced recovery pathway reduces length of stay after esophagectomy112 Predictors of dysplastic and neoplastic progression of Barrett’s esophagus113 Recurrent esophageal cancer complicated by tracheoesophageal fistula: management by means of palliative airway stenting114 Pancreaticopleural fistula-induced empyema thoracis: principles and results of surgical management115 Prognostic factors of early postoperative mortality following right extended hepatectomy116 Optimizing steatotic livers for transplantation using a cell-penetrating peptide CPP-fused heme oxygenase117 Video outlining the technical steps for a robot-assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy118 Establishment of a collaborative group to conduct innovative clinical trials in Canada119 Hepatic resection for metastatic malignant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis120 Acellular normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion for donor liver preservation121 Pancreatic cancer and predictors of survival: comparing the CA 19–9/bilirubin ratio with the McGill Brisbane Scoring System122 Staged liver resections for bilobar hepatic colorectal metastases: a single centre experience123 Economic model of observation versus immediate resection of hepatic adenomas124 Resection of colorectal liver metastasis in the elderly125 Acceptable long-term survival in patients undergoing liver resection for metastases from noncolorectal, non-neuroendocrine, nonsarcoma malignancies126 Patient and clinicopathological features and prognosis of CK19+ hepatocellular carcinomas: a case–control study127 The management of blunt hepatic trauma in the age of angioembolization: a single centre experience128 Liver resections for noncolorectal and non-neuroendocrine metastases: an evaluation of oncologic outcomes129 Developing an evidence-based clinical pathway for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy130 Hepatitis C infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant: a 20 year experience131 The effect of medication on the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis132 Temporal trends in the use of diagnostic imaging for patients with hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) conditions: How much ionizing radiation are we really using?196 A phase II study of aggressive metastasectomy for intra-and extrahepatic metastases from colorectal cancer133 Why do women choose mastectomy for breast cancer treatment? A conceptual framework for understanding surgical decision-making in early-stage breast cancer134 Synoptic operative reporting: documentation of quality of care data for rectal cancer surgery135 Learning curve analysis for cytoreductive surgery: a useful application of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method136 Pancreatic cancer is strongly associated with a unique urinary metabolomic signature137 Concurrent neoadjuvant chemo/radiation in locally advanced breast cancer138 Impact of positron emission tomography on clinical staging of newly diagnosed rectal cancer: a specialized single centre retrospective study139 An evaluation of intraoperative Faxitron microradiography versus conventional specimen radiography for the excision of nonpalpable breast lesions140 Comparison of breast cancer treatment wait-times in the Southern Interior of British Columbia in 2006 and 2010141 Factors affecting lymph nodes harvest in colorectal carcinoma142 Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metastases143 You have a message! Social networking as a motivator for fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) training144 The evaluation and validation of a rapid diagnostic and support clinic for women assessment for breast cancer145 Oncoplastic breast surgery: oncologic benefits and limitations146 A qualitative study on rectal cancer patients’ preferences for location of surgical care147 The effect of surgery on local recurrence in young women with breast cancer148 Elevated IL-6 and IL-8 levels in tumour microenvironment is not associated with increased serum levels in humans with Pseudomyxoma peritonei and peritoneal mesothelioma149 Conversion from laparoscopic to open approach during gastrectomy: a population-based analysis150 A scoping review of surgical process improvement tools (SPITs) in cancer surgery151 Splenectomy during gastric cancer surgery: a population-based study152 Defining the polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) interactome in cancer cell protrusions153 Neoadjuvant imatinib mesylate for locally advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours154 Implementing results from ACOSOG Z0011: Practice-changing or practice-affirming?155 Should lymph node retrieval be a surgical quality indicator in colon cancer?156 Long-term outcomes following resection of retroperitoneal recurrence of colorectal cancer157 Clinical research in surgical oncology: an analysis of clinicaltrials.gov158 Radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery: When are we missing the mark?159 The accuracy of endorectal ultrasound in staging rectal lesions in patients undergoing transanal endoscopic microsurgery160 Quality improvement in gastrointestinal cancer surgery: expert panel recommendations for priority research areas161 Factors influencing the quality of local management of ductal carcinoma in situ: a cohort study162 Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Does size matter?163 Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion for extremity soft tissue sarcomas: systematic review of clinical efficacy and quality assessment of reported trials164 Adherence to antiestrogen therapy in seniors with breast cancer: How well are we doing?165 Parathyroid carcinoma: Challenging the surgical dogma?166 A qualitative assessment of the journey to delayed breast reconstruction195 The role of yoga therapy in breast cancer patients167 Outcomes reported in comparative studies of surgical interventions168 Enhanced recovery pathways decrease length of stay following colorectal surgery, but how quickly do patients actually recover?169 The impact of complications on bed utilization after elective colorectal resection170 Impact of trimodal prehabilitation program on functional recovery after colorectal cancer surgery: a pilot study171 Complex fistula-in-ano: Should the plug be abandoned in favour of the LIFT or BioLIFT?172 Prognostic utility of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by colon and rectal cancer173 Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision provides acceptable perioperative outcomes but is complex and time-consuming: analysis of learning curves for a novice minimally invasive surgeon174 Intraoperative quality assessment following double stapled circular colorectal anastomosis175 Improving patient outcomes through quality assessment of rectal cancer care176 Are physicians willing to accept a decrease in treatment effectiveness for improved functional outcomes for low rectal cancer?177 Turnbull-Cutait delayed coloanal anastomosis for the treatment of distal rectal cancer: a prospective cohort study178 Preoperative high-dose rate brachytherapy in preparation for sphincter preservation surgery for patients with advanced cancer of the lower rectum179 Impact of an enhanced recovery program on short-term outcomes after scheduled laparoscopic colon resection180 The clinical results of the Turnbull-Cutait delayed coloanal anastomosis: a systematic review181 Is a vertical rectus abdominus flap (VRAM) necessary? An analysis of perineal wound complications182 Fistula plug versus endorectal anal advancement flap for the treatment of high transsphincteric cryptoglandular anal fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis183 Maternal and neonatal outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery184 Transanal drainage to treat anastomotic leaks after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a valuable option185 Trends in colon cancer in Ontario: 2002–2009186 Validation of electronically derived short-term outcomes in colorectal surgery187 A population-based assessment of transanal and endoscopic resection for adenocarcinoma of the rectum188 Laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the emergency setting: trends in the province of Ontario from 2002 to 2009189 Prevention of perineal hernia after laparoscopic and robotic abdominoperineal resection: review with case series of internal hernia through pelvic mesh which was placed in attempt to prevent perineal hernia190 Effect of rectal cancer treatments on quality of life191 The use of antibacterial sutures as an adjunctive preventative strategy for surgical site infection in Canada: an economic analysis192 Impact of socioeconomic status on colorectal cancer screening and stage at presentation: preliminary results of a population-based study from an urban Canadian centre193 Initial perioperative results of the first transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) program in the province of Quebec194 Use of negative pressure wound therapy decreases perineal wound infections following abdominal perineal resection. Can J Surg 2012; 55:S63-S135. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.016712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Harris I, Wang S, Roth L, Alvero R, McShane P, Schlaff W. When antimullerian and follicle stimulating hormone offer a discrepant prognosis of ovarian reserve, in vitro fertilization outcomes are worse than when both values predict poor ovarian reserve. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Roth L, Koncina E, Satkauskas S, Crémel G, Aunis D, Bagnard D. The many faces of semaphorins: from development to pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:649-66. [PMID: 18953684 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-8518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The semaphorin family is a large group of proteins controlling cell migration and axonal growth cone guidance. These proteins are bi-functional signals capable of growth promotion or growth inhibition. Initially described in the nervous system, the majority of studies related to semaphorins and semaphorin signalling are nowadays performed in model systems outside the nervous system. Here, we provide an exhaustive review of the many faces of semaphorins both during developmental, regulatory and pathological processes. Indeed, because of their crucial fundamental roles, the semaphorins and their receptors represent important targets for the development of drugs directed at a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roth
- INSERM U, Centre de Neurochimie, Strasbourg, France
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Zerwes HG, Li J, Kovarik J, Streiff M, Hofmann M, Roth L, Luyten M, Pally C, Loewe RP, Wieczorek G, Bänteli R, Thoma G, Luckow B. The chemokine receptor Cxcr3 is not essential for acute cardiac allograft rejection in mice and rats. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1604-13. [PMID: 18557719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors have gained attention as potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies. We investigated the mechanisms of allograft rejection in chemokine receptor Cxcr3-deficient mice using a model of acute heart allograft rejection in the strain combination BALB/c to C57BL/6. Allograft survival was minimally prolonged in Cxcr3-deficient mice compared to wild-type (wt) animals (8 vs. 7 days) and treatment with a subtherapeutic dose of cyclosporine A (CsA) led to similar survival in Cxcr3-deficient and wt recipients (13 vs. 12 days). At rejection grafts were histologically indistinguishable. Microarray analysis revealed that besides Cxcr3 only few genes were differentially expressed in grafts or in spleens from transplanted or untransplanted animals. Transcript analysis by quantitative RT-PCR of selected cytokines, chemokines, or chemokine receptors or serum levels of selected cytokines and chemokines showed similar levels between the two groups. Furthermore, in a rat heart allograft transplantation model treatment with a small molecule CXCR3 antagonist did not prolong survival despite full blockade of Cxcr3 in vivo. In summary, Cxcr3 deficiency or pharmacologic blockade does not diminish graft infiltration, tempo and severity of rejection. Thus, Cxcr3 does not appear to play a pivotal role in the allograft rejection models described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-G Zerwes
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Roth L, Sheeder J, Teal S. Predictors of intimate partner violence among women requesting medical abortion. Contraception 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Donohue J, Roth L, Zachary J, Rowland R, Einborn L, Williams S. Zytoreduktive Chirurgie beim metastasierenden Hodenkarzinom: Histologie retroperitonealer Residualmetastasen nach Chemotherapie. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1062765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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