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Sánchez M, Ramos DR, Fernández MI, Aguilar S, Ruiz I, Canle M, Soto M. Removal of emerging pollutants by a 3-step system: Hybrid digester, vertical flow constructed wetland and photodegradation post-treatments. Sci Total Environ 2022; 842:156750. [PMID: 35750172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of emerging pollutants from municipal wastewater was studied for the first time using a three-step pilot-scale system: 1) hybrid digester (HD) as first step, 2) subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (VF) as second step, and 3) photodegradation (PD) unit as third step or post-treatment. The HD and VF units were built and operated in series with effluent recirculation at pilot scale. For the PD post-treatment, three alternatives were studied at lab-scale, i) UVC irradiation at 254 nm (0.5 h exposure time), ii) UVA irradiation at 365 nm using a TiO2-based photocatalyst and iii) sunlight irradiation using a TiO2-based photocatalyst, the last two for 1 and 2 h. Alternative iii) was also tested at pilot-scale. Degradation of nine compounds was evaluated: acetaminophen (ACE), caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), ketoprofen (KET), ibuprofen (IBU), diclofenac (DCL), clofibric acid (ACB), bisphenol A (BPA), and sotalol (SOT). Overall, the HD-VF-UVC system completely removed (>99.5 %) ACE, CAF, KET, IBU, DCL and ACB, and to a lesser extent SOT (98 %), BPA (83 %) and CBZ (51 %). On the other hand, the HD-VF-UVA/TiO2 system (at 2 h) achieved >99.5 % removal of ACE, CAF, KET, IBU and DCL while ACB, BPA, CBZ and SOT were degraded by 83 %, 81 %, 78 % and 68 %, respectively. Working also at 2 h of exposure time, in summer conditions, the HD-VF-Sol/TiO2 system achieved >99.5 % removal of ACE, CAF, KET, IBU, DCL and ACB, and to a minor extent BPA (80 %), SOT (74 %) and CBZ (69 %). Similar results, although slightly lower for SOT (60 %) and CBZ (59 %), were obtained in the pilot sunlight plus TiO2 catalyst unit. However, the use of sunlight irradiation with a TiO2-based photocatalyst clearly showed lower removal efficiency in autumn conditions (i.e., 47 % SOT, 31 % CBZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sánchez
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - D R Ramos
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - M I Fernández
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - S Aguilar
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - I Ruiz
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - M Canle
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & CICA, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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Fernández MI, García MV, Armesto XL, Canle López M, Arturo Santaballa J. Unravelling the mechanism of intracellular oxidation of thiols by (N-Cl)-Taurine. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Fernández
- Chemical Reactivity and Photoreactivity Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of A Coruña; Rúa da Fraga 10 ES-15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - M. V. García
- Chemical Reactivity and Photoreactivity Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of A Coruña; Rúa da Fraga 10 ES-15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - X. L. Armesto
- Chemical Reactivity and Photoreactivity Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of A Coruña; Rúa da Fraga 10 ES-15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - M. Canle López
- Chemical Reactivity and Photoreactivity Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of A Coruña; Rúa da Fraga 10 ES-15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - J. Arturo Santaballa
- Chemical Reactivity and Photoreactivity Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of A Coruña; Rúa da Fraga 10 ES-15008 A Coruña Spain
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Miranda-Casas A, Fernández MI, Robledo P, García-Castellar R. [Reading comprehension of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: what is the role of executive functions?]. Rev Neurol 2010; 50 Suppl 3:S135-S142. [PMID: 20200841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deficits in reading comprehension of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have received scarce attention. However, to establish the underlying cognitive processes of ADHD and deficits in reading comprehension association could be essential for deeply understanding neurobiological bases of reading comprehension. AIM To examine the contribution of verbal fluency, reading fluency, and executive functions (working memory, attention and suppression mechanism) in predicting mental processes of texts comprehension. PATIENTS AND METHODS The participants in the study were 42 students, 12 to 16 year old, with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. A battery of tests was administered to measure cognitive processes and reading processes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Stepwise regression analysis carried out showed that the score in verbal fluency was the best single predictor of reading comprehension. Furthermore executive functions, but not reading fluency, made a significant contribution to reading comprehension. These findings underline the need for consideration of the role of executive functions in assessment and treatment of reading comprehension deficits of students with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miranda-Casas
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de València, Espana.
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de la Fuente M, Blanco MJ, Pazos B, Fernández MI, Carracedo A, Sánchez-Salorio M, Coco RM, Torrón C, Gómez AM. Complement factor H. Ophthalmology 2007; 114:193.e1-2. [PMID: 17198855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fernández MI, Varga LM, Perrino T, Collazo JB, Subiaul F, Rehbein A, Torres H, Castro M, Bowen GS. The Internet as recruitment tool for HIV studies: viable strategy for reaching at-risk Hispanic MSM in Miami? AIDS Care 2005; 16:953-63. [PMID: 15511727 DOI: 10.1080/09540120412331292480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although use of the Internet as a vehicle for HIV/STI research is increasing, its viability to recruit at-risk populations such as Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) to participate in community-based HIV studies is in its infancy. We report on the first 171 participants enrolled in an ongoing study exploring use of the Internet to recruit Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) living in Miami-Dade County, Florida to participate in community-based studies. We report our initial success with chat-room recruitment and describe the sexual and drug use practices of the initial set of participants who were recruited through the Internet. In addition, we describe the formative work conducted to develop the Internet recruitment procedures we are testing. In two months, we spent 211 hours recruiting in chat-rooms and engaged 735 chatters. One hundred and seventy-six men came to our community sites; 172 (98%) were eligible and completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview. In the previous six months, 94.7% of participants had anal sex; 48.9% did not use condoms for anal sex or used them inconsistently; and 48.5% had used club drugs. Six-month use rates for individual drugs were: poppers (31.6%), cocaine (15.8%), ecstasy (14%) and crystal methamphetamines (11.7%). Use of club drugs was significantly associated with unprotected insertive and unprotected receptive anal sex. These initial findings point to the Internet's potential as a tool for recruiting at-risk Hispanic MSM for community studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernández
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
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Miranda-Casas A, Acosta-Escareño G, Tarraga-Minguez R, Fernández MI, Rosel-Remírez J. [New trends in the evaluation of mathematics learning disabilities. The role of metacognition]. Rev Neurol 2005; 40 Suppl 1:S97-102. [PMID: 15736101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current trends in the evaluation of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD), based on cognitive and empirical models, are oriented towards combining procedures involving the criteria and the evaluation of cognitive and metacognitive processes, associated to performance in mathematical tasks. AIMS The objective of this study is to analyse the metacognitive skills of prediction and evaluation in performing maths tasks and to compare metacognitive performance among pupils with MLD and younger pupils without MLD, who have the same level of mathematical performance. Likewise, we analyse these pupils' desire to learn. Subjects and methods. We compare a total of 44 pupils from the second cycle of primary education (8-10 years old) with and without mathematics learning disabilities. RESULTS Significant differences are observed between pupils with and without mathematics learning disabilities in their capacity to predict and assess all of the tasks evaluated. As regards their 'desire to learn', no significant differences were found between pupils with and without MLD, which indicated that those with MLD assess their chances of successfully performing maths tasks in the same way as those without MLD. Finally, the findings reveal a similar metacognitive profile in pupils with MLD and the younger pupils with no mathematics learning disabilities. CONCLUSIONS In future studies we consider it important to analyse the influence of the socio-affective belief system in the use of metacognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miranda-Casas
- Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Psicologia, 46071 Valencia, Espana.
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Azenha MEDG, Burrows HD, Canle L. M, Coimbra R, Fernández MI, García MV, Peiteado MA, Santaballa JA. Kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the direct photodegradation of atrazine, atraton, ametryn and 2-hydroxyatrazine by 254 nm light in aqueous solution. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Azenha MEDG, Burrows HD, Canle M, Coimbra R, Fernández MI, García MV, Rodrigues AE, Santaballa JA, Steenken S. On the kinetics and energetics of one-electron oxidation of 1,3,5-triazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:112-3. [PMID: 12610991 DOI: 10.1039/b210119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-electron oxidation of 1,3,5-triazines is observed with both excited uranyl ion (*UO2(2+)) and sulfate radical anion (SO4.-) in aqueous solution, but not with Tl2+, indicating that the standard reduction potentials E degree of 1,3,5-triazine radical cations are = 2.3 +/- 0.1 V vs. NHE, consistent with theoretical calculations; this suggests that if triazines inhibit electron transfer during photosynthesis, they would need to act on the reductive part of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E D G Azenha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
This study examined how HIV testing history and future testing intentions were related to sexual risk and perceptions of risk in a community sample of 1,052 Hispanic men. This sample is noteworthy in its diverse representation of Hispanics, its high ratio of participants born outside the USA, and its inclusion of heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (MSM). We used area-based sampling to recruit participants at public venues. Data were collected via anonymous, structured interviews from December 1999 to February 2001. Lifetime testing rates were high (76%), but only 45% had been tested in the last 12 months. Results indicate that men at highest risk-those who were MSM, had more partners and had STDs-were more likely to have been tested, and to have been tested recently, than men with lower risk. Being MSM and having been previously tested predicted future testing intentions. Inconsistent condom users with more than five partners were less likely to intend to be tested than men with more than five partners who used condoms consistently. Studying men who have successfully routinized HIV prevention practices (including testing) will assist in the development of interventions for those who remain at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernández
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Florida 33101, USA.
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Armesto XL, Canle L M, Fernández MI, García MV, Rodríguez S, Santaballa JA. Intracellular oxidation of dipeptides. Base-promoted elimination from N-halodipeptides to 2-[N-alkyl-N-(2-N-alkylimino-2-alkyl-ethanoyl)amino]-2,2-dialkylethanoic acids. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5692-700. [PMID: 11511241 DOI: 10.1021/jo001336u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the possible ways of intracellular oxidation of peptides is via the formation of the corresponding (N-X)-dipeptides, that then undergo base-promoted elimination to yield intermediate 2-[N-alkyl-N-(2-N-alkylimino-2-alkylethanoyl)amino]-2,2-dialkylethanoic acids, which subsequently hydrolyze. Such an elimination process is general-base catalyzed, with Brønsted beta values ranging from 0.26 to 0.31, which suggests an essentially constant degree of proton transfer at the TS. For (N-X)-dipeptides, the ratio k(N-Br)/k(N-Cl) ranges from 2.5 to 15, suggesting a structural dependence of the degree of N-X bond breaking at the TS. The values of beta and k(N-Br)/k(N-Cl) support a concerted asynchronous A(xh)D(H)D(N) mechanism, its TS changing from reactant-like to slightly nitrenium-like depending on the structure of the starting dipeptide. As a consequence of the antiperiplanarity requirements of the reaction, the steric interaction between the leaving group and the substituent on the C bearing the H to be eliminated controls the reaction rate. Such steric interaction is rather important, as indicated by the steric crossed-interaction coefficient (p(ssy') = 0.33). Semiempirical calculations show that bulky substituents in the vicinity of the reaction center imply additional energy requirements for the system to achieve the antiperiplanarity needed at the TS for the reaction to proceed. From the observations reported it follows that (N-X)-dipeptides lose their oxidizing power more readily than analogous (N-X)-amino acids or (N-X)-amines, opening a possible pathway to lessen intracellular halogen-based oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Armesto
- Departamento de Química Física e Enxeñería Química I, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa Alejandro de la Sota 1, E-15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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Walter EB, Royce RA, Fernández MI, DeHovitz J, Ickovics JR, Lampe MA. New mothers' knowledge and attitudes about perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97:70-6. [PMID: 11152911 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(00)01070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess new mothers' attitudes toward perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, their knowledge about perinatal HIV, and their trust of government and scientists. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey of 1362 postpartum women at four United States locations in 1997, a standardized interview was administered to new mothers 24-48 hours postpartum to determine their HIV test acceptance, attitudes, and knowledge. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of women who were offered HIV tests reported being tested. Although 95% of women were aware of perinatal HIV transmission, only 60% knew that HIV can be transmitted through breast-feeding, and only 51% knew of medication to prevent perinatal transmission. Eighty-four percent of women thought that all pregnant women should be tested for HIV, and 60% thought that prenatal HIV testing should be legally mandated. Twenty percent of women indicated mistrust of government and scientists regarding origins of HIV and potential cures for AIDS. Knowledge about perinatal transmission was unrelated to receipt of prenatal HIV tests. When other factors were controlled for, mistrust was not significantly associated with getting tested. CONCLUSION Incomplete knowledge of prevention of perinatal HIV transmission and mistrust were prevalent among new mothers. Knowledge deficits or mistrust did not appear to reduce reported prenatal test rates, but our data suggest that future public health efforts need to educate women about methods of preventing perinatal HIV transmission and at enhancing their trust in the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Walter
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Nieto N, López-Pedrosa JM, Mesa MD, Torres MI, Fernández MI, Ríos A, Suárez MD, Gil A. Chronic diarrhea impairs intestinal antioxidant defense system in rats at weaning. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:2044-50. [PMID: 11117581 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005603019800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of severe protein-energy malnutrition on the antioxidant defense system in the small and large intestine in rats at weaning. Chronic diarrhea and the subsequent malnutrition were induced by oral intake of a lactose-enriched diet. Twenty rats were weaned at 21 days of age, and the control group was fed a semipurified synthetic diet for two weeks. The malnourished group was fed the same diet but carbohydrates were replaced by lactose, and they developed diarrhea one day after. Rats were killed, and macroscopic and histological features were analyzed, DNA content was measured, and alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities were determined to assess the degree of intestinal injury. Glutathione levels as well as the activities of intestinal glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, total glutathione peroxidase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured to study the antioxidant defense system. Malnourished rats showed loss of body weight and an increase in length and weight in jejunum and ileum, while no significant changes were observed in colon. Epithelial cells showed fewer and shorter microvilli, larger mitochondria with low inner density and loss of cristae, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The protein-to-DNA ratio was higher in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of malnourished rats. Glutathione levels decreased 40% in jejunum and 50% in colon of malnourished rats. A 40-50% decrease in the activity of all the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system was observed in the jejunum and ileum of malnourished rats, while only catalase and glutathione transferase activities decreased 50% in colon. These results suggest that early chronic diarrhea and severe protein-energy malnutrition impair the antioxidant defense system in both the small and large intestine, which may have a role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of the vicious circle of malabsorption-diarrhea-malnutrition in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Spain
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Abstract
Increasing attention has been given recently to the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, since the inflamed intestine is exposed to oxidative stress generated by infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils within the lamina propia. The overall goal of this study was to evaluate whether experimental ulcerative colitis induces significant changes in the antioxidant defense system in an experimental model induced by the intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Twenty rats were treated with 80 mg/kg body weight of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and 20 with the same volume of 0.9% NaCl. Rats were killed at one and two weeks after treatment to evaluate colon damage by light and electron transmission microscopy. The degree of tissue injury and inflammation was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and myeloperoxidase activities and prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. Glutathione levels and the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system were determined. Enzymatic markers of colon injury showed higher activities in rats with ulcerative colitis. Concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 were higher in the groups treated for one week with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and markers decreased after two weeks of treatment. All antioxidant enzyme activities were higher at one and two weeks after treatment; however, a significant decrease in total glutathione content was also observed. In conclusion, ulcerative colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid damages the intestinal mucosa and is accompanied by a shift in the antioxidant enzyme activities, and low levels of glutathione. This deficiency in glutathione could be a target for new therapies to treat ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nieto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Granada, Spain
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Fernández MI, Wilson TE, Ethier KA, Walter EB, Gay CL, Moore J. Acceptance of HIV testing during prenatal care. Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project. Public Health Rep 2000; 115:460-8. [PMID: 11236018 PMCID: PMC1308602 DOI: 10.1093/phr/115.5.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with acceptance of HIV testing during pregnancy on the part of women receiving prenatal care at public clinics. METHODS Trained interviewers recruited and interviewed 1,357 women receiving prenatal care at clinics in Florida, Connecticut, and New York City. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of participants reported having been tested or having signed a consent form to be tested. Acceptance of testing was found to be related to strong beliefs about the benefits of testing, knowledge about vertical transmission, perceived provider endorsement of testing, and social support. Women who declined testing said they did so because they did not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV (21%) or they faced administrative difficulties (16%) with some aspect of the testing process (for example, scheduling, limited availability of pre-test counselors). CONCLUSIONS Acceptance rates can be increased when women understand the modes of vertical transmission and the role of medication regimens in preventing transmission; believe that prenatal identification of HIV can promote the health of mother and child; and perceive their providers as strongly endorsing testing. These points can be woven into a brief pre-test counseling message and made a routine component of prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernández
- Department of Epidemiology Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101, USA.
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Torres MI, García-Martin M, Fernández MI, Nieto N, Gil A, Ríos A. Experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid: an ultrastructural and histochemical study. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44:2523-9. [PMID: 10630507 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026651408998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of humans is a chronic and devastating disease of unknown etiology. Models of acute colitis in animals have been achieved by intrarectal administration of agents such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) into rat colon. This agent induces focal inflammation and alterations in the colon with features similar to those found in chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TNBS administration on histological and ultrastructural features of the rat colon, especially in areas not affected by transmural inflammation. Also in areas without transmural inflammation, we observed a significant increase in crypt diameter and in the number and area of the goblet cells, as well as alterations in the contents of mucin in goblet cells. We conclude that TNBS treatment in rats led to severe changes in normal architecture of the colon and also in damaged areas where no direct inflammation was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Torres
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002-Lugo, Spain
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Cava F, Cantos E, Molina MC, Fernández MI, Parrón T, Carrillo L. [The self-measurement of blood glucose and mean glycemias in patients with diabetes mellitus]. Aten Primaria 1999; 23:82-6. [PMID: 10081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence that self-measurement of capillary blood glucose (SMBG) has on glucaemia control in patients with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Quasi-experimental before and after study. SETTING Semi-urban health centre. PATIENTS All diabetic patients, with at least two years of evolution, who used reactive strips for SMBG in 1996. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean values of base glucaemia in the SMBG study year were compared with those of the year before in 85 patients, 33 men and 52 women, with average age 62.38. Thirteen were type 1 and 72 type 2 diabetics, with a mean 15.61 years of evolution of the disease. A drop of -11.47 mg/dl (SD 44.32) was observed, which was significant (p < 0.05, CI 95%) in the overall results. In all the subgroups, except those treated with non-pharmacological measures, there were drops, ranging between -2.17 mg/dl and -17.01 mg/dl, which were significant in women, in patients with type 2 diabetes, in those who had received health education and in those treated with non-pharmacological measures plus insulin. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of this kind of study, our findings point towards a slightly better control of glucaemia levels in diabetic patients after SMBG. It is very doubtful whether it signifies any real improvement in managing the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cava
- Centro de Salud de Alcantarilla-Sangonera, Murcia
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García MA, Alonso J, Fernández MI, Melgar MJ. Lead content in edible wild mushrooms in northwest Spain as indicator of environmental contamination. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1998; 34:330-335. [PMID: 9543501 DOI: 10.1007/s002449900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead content was determined in wild growing mushrooms collected from two different areas in the Province of Lugo (NW Spain). It has been analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in 95 samples of 13 species (7 mycorrhizals and 6 saprophites). In an assessment of lead concentrations, the following factors have been considered: species and ecology, morphological portion, and traffic pollution. The average lead concentration of the samples was 1 ppm dry weight (dw). Saprophite species presented higher levels than mycorrhizal ones (< 1 ppm), Coprinus comatus reaching the maximum mean concentration with 2.06 and 2.79 ppm of dw in the hymenophore and the rest of the fruit body. Morphological portion, statistically, did not show significant difference between the two portions; however, Macrolepiota procera always presented lead high levels in the hymenophore in all samples. The effect due to traffic pollution has been specially observed in Coprinus comatus, presenting the highest concentration with values of 6.51 and 10.43 ppm, respectively, in samples collected in the city center. This species, as other researchers have indicated, could be considered as an indicator by lead contamination. The contribution of mushrooms to the weekly intake of lead was calculated and the possible health risk for the consumer is pointed out. These data are of great importance in view of toxicology and partly environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Lopez-Pedrosa JM, Torres MI, Fernández MI, Ríos A, Gil A. Severe malnutrition alters lipid composition and fatty acid profile of small intestine in newborn piglets. J Nutr 1998; 128:224-33. [PMID: 9446848 DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) on lipid composition and fatty acid profile in the small intestinal mucosa of lactating pigs. Malnutrition was achieved by 80% protein-energy restriction for 30 d (20% of the food intake in the control group) in 7-d-old newborn piglets. Malnourished piglets had significantly lower concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid and triglycerides in the jejunum and ileum compared with freely fed controls. Fatty acid composition of the intestinal mucosa was severely affected by malnutrition. A sharp decline in the relative percentages of (n-3) and (n-6) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in malnourished piglets paralleled higher (n-9) fatty acid proportions in the total mucosa, microsomes and phospholipids of the jejunum. The structure of the small intestine was severely affected as assessed by light and electron microscopy, and alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase activities in the intestinal mucosa were also significantly impaired. Plasma from malnourished piglets had significantly lower concentrations of (n-3) and (n-6) LC-PUFA than that of control piglets; however, the fatty acid composition of red blood cell membrane was unaffected. Our results suggest that early severe PEM dramatically modifies intestinal membrane lipid composition. Changes in the lipid composition of the small intestinal mucosa and in phospholipid distribution as well as in the fatty acid profile may alter membrane fluidity and organization. These alterations appear to affect the activity of membrane-bound hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lopez-Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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21
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Abstract
Liver cirrhosis has been induced with thioacetamide administered via different routes in rats and other species. The oral intake of thioacetamide causes nodular liver cirrhosis in rats characterized by extensive fibrosis occupying most of the hepatic parenchyma. To characterize the cytological features of cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide, and the degree of recovery obtained with dietary nucleotides, we made a morphometric study of the hepatocytes in rats administered 300 mg/l of thioacetamide for 4 months, and in rats receiving the same hepatotoxic treatment but allowed a 2-weeks recovery period on a nucleotide-free diet or a 250 mg/100 g nucleotide-supplemented diet. Thioacetamide caused to cell damage and affected the ultrastructure of hepatocytes leading to a decrease in cytoplasmic area together with increased nuclear and nucleolar size. Dietary supplementation with nucleotides favoured recovery, restoring the cytoplasmic (TN=491.7+/-9.6 vs TAA=305.1+/-3.7), nuclear (73.6+/-2.8 vs 97.4+/-2.9), and nucleolar area of damaged hepatocytes (5.6+/-0.3 vs 14.0+/-0.9). The injury from thioacetamide intake increased liver collagen, but dietary nucleotides prevented hepatic deposition of this protein. This study supports the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with nucleotides is decisive in ensuring hepatocyte recovery after thioacetamide-induced liver damage, and that dietary nucleotides have antifibrotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Torres
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Ortega MA, Torres MI, Fernández MI, Rios A, Sánchez-Pozo A, Gil A. Hepatotoxic agent thioacetamide induces biochemical and histological alterations in rat small intestine. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42:1715-23. [PMID: 9286239 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018817600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed the effect of the oral ingestion of thioacetamide on small intestine structure and function. Thioacetamide-treated rats showed diminished mucosa weight; protein, DNA, and RNA content; and leucine aminopeptidase activity as compared to controls in both jejunum and ileum. In the jejunum, there was a reduction in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and myeloperoxidase, whereas in the ileum, maltase, lactase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were reduced. In both jejunum and ileum we found enlarged intercellular spaces, dark epithelial enterocytes, and lymphocyte infiltration. Enterocytes showed lobulated nuclei, deranged mitochondria with loss of their cristae, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing dense material, and vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Smooth muscle cells of the intestine exhibited ultrastructural alterations. These findings indicate that chronic oral intake of thioacetamide mimics not only hepatic alterations but also small intestine alterations normally associated with human cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Spain
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Fernández MI, Torres MI, Gil A, Ríos A. Steatosis and collagen content in experimental liver cirrhosis are affected by dietary monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32:350-6. [PMID: 9140157 DOI: 10.3109/00365529709007683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS We used thioacetamide administered orally to induce cirrhosis in rats, and after these had recovered for 1 and 2 weeks we examined the effects of dietary supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or with a combination of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the extent of steatosis and collagen content in the liver. RESULTS Nodular cirrhosis, increased collagen content, and lipid accumulation were established after 4 months of treatment with thioacetamide. When the animals were fed a diet rich in oleic acid for 2 weeks, the steatosis and fibrosis decreased. Supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids favored reductions in collagen content but did not reduce the fat accumulation. With a diet supplemented with a mixture of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids we found no reduction in either lipid accumulation or collagen content. CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis and steatosis may be influenced by dietary fat, and monounsaturated fat appears to influence favorably the histologic recovery of the damaged liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernández
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Melgar MJ, Míguez B, Pérez M, García MA, Fernández MI, Vidal M. Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in drinking water as toxicological indicators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10934529709376570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Departamento de Toxicología y Legislación Sanitaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Ciencias, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Fernández MI, Herreros B, Bermejo C, Bautista M, Rojo M, Herrera B. [Prevalence of drinkers at risk and associated factors among men attending primary care clinics]. Aten Primaria 1996; 17:182-6. [PMID: 8664428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the prevalence of risk drinkers among men seeking health care, establish consumption patterns and relate them to socio-demographic features and health habits. DESIGN Crossover study. First phase of an experimental study. SETTING Four primary care teams in Area 10, Madrid. PATIENTS Males between 18 and 65 who attended for on-demand medical care. A systematic sample was selected (n = 562). MEASUREMENTS A questionnaire collecting socio-demographic characteristics, health habits and alcohol consumption (frequency, consumption pattern, intake of Weekly Units of alcohol (WU) and alcohol-related problems). 94.2% replied. 38% were habitual drinkers (drink four or more days a week), while 18.9% were week-end drinkers. Prevalence of drinkers consuming over 21 WU was 24.8%; and over 35 WU, 16.2%. Whether the cut-off point was fixed at 21 or 35 WU. The alcohol taken was related to educational level, physical exercise, smoking and taking other drugs. On average, single people, smokers, other drug-consumers, ex-drinkers and habitual drinkers were those who displayed most problems connected with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS There is a similar profile of health habits for the groups consuming over 21 WU and 35 WU, which should make preventive care pay attention to both groups of drinkers.
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Fontana L, Moreira E, Torres MI, Fernández MI, Ríos A, Sánchez de Medina F, Gil A. Serum amino acid changes in rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. Toxicology 1996; 106:197-206. [PMID: 8571392 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(95)03177-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, no attempt has been made to study alterations occurring in the amino acid profile in chronic models of thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. In this work, changes in serum amino acids and proteins in rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis are reported, together with changes in enzyme activities in the liver and serum. Seventeen female Wistar rats were used. Eight rats were given 300 mg thioacetamide/l in drinking water for 4 months and nine rats were given water ad libitum during the same time-period. Significant increases in glycine, alanine, serine, methionine, glutamate, ornithine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and proline were observed in rats with the resulting experimental liver cirrhosis. Threonine, taurine, glutamine, lysine and citrulline tended to increase while isoleucine, leucine, aspartate, arginine and tryptophan tended to decrease. Total and nonessential amino acids increased significantly in cirrhotic animals. Total essential and aromatic amino acids tended to increase in the thioacetamide-treated group, whereas branched chain amino acids tended to decrease in the same group. Regarding serum proteins, a decrease in albumin concentration in the thioacetamide-treated animals was the only change detected. The liver enzyme activities under observation (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, glutamate dehydrogenase and threonine deaminase) were lower in the thioacetamide group. Decreases were significant for both transaminases and threonine deaminase. Results for serum activities showed that transaminases did not change in thioacetamide-treated rats in comparison with controls. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase rose dramatically in cirrhotic rats. We conclude that the serum amino acid pattern in this chronic model of liver cirrhosis resembles in part that of the corresponding human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fontana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Gálvez J, Sánchez de Medina F, Jiménez J, Torres MI, Fernández MI, Núñez MC, Ríos A, Gil A, Zarzuelo A. Effect of quercitrin on lactose-induced chronic diarrhoea in rats. Planta Med 1995; 61:302-306. [PMID: 7480174 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quercitrin (3-rhamnosylquercetin) is a bioflavonoid contained in several crude drugs traditionally used for its antidiarrhoeal activity. The antidiarrhoeic effect of quercitrin on experimental chronic diarrhoea in rats was studied. Adult rats were fed for 14 days with a synthetic diet in which all soluble carbohydrates were substituted by lactose, resulting in chronic diarrhoea with body weight loss, colonic hyperplasia, reduced average cell size, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, increased mucus production and cytopathological alterations of the enterocyte. The rest of the animals were allowed to recover from chronic diarrhoea for 3 or 7 days, by feeding them with a standard diet, and half of them were also given quercitrin orally (50 mg/kg day). Diarrhoea ceased 48 h after lactose withdrawal, and body weight recovery was apparent after 3 days. Nevertheless, most of the alterations of the colonic mucosa persisted at that time. Quercitrin-treated rats had less diarrhoeal output and did not show mucosal hyperplasia after three days of treatment. All animals had greatly recovered by the seventh day, but histological alterations were still present, although to a lesser extent in quercitrin-treated rats. Quercitrin and related flavonoids may play a role in intestinal repair following chronic mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gálvez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Departamento de Toxicología y Legislación Sanitaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Lugo, Spain
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30
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Díaz F, Castilla M, Fernández MI, Caballero JE. [Comparative study of the behavior of isoflurane and halothane in pediatric anesthesia]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 1992; 39:91-5. [PMID: 1594789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study involves 60 patients below the age of 14 years who were subjected to short duration surgical procedures under inhalation anesthesia with halothane and isoflurane at equivalent CAM in 50% protoxide. The objectives of the study were: a) to establish which of the two inhalational agents produced the more rapid anesthetic induction; b) to determine which exerted the more marked potentiation of the neuromuscular blockade induced by succinylcholine, and c) to compare the anesthetic quality during the induction and recovery periods of both halogenated agents. Induction was more rapid after halothane (mean induction time of 2.91 +/- 0.97 min) than after isoflurane (mean induction time of 6.24 +/- 2.88 min; p less than 0.001). Potentiation of succinylcholine induced neuromuscular blockade was greater after isoflurane than after halothane: the mean time of apnea was 4.56 +/- 1.82 min for isoflurane and 3.41 +/- 1.63 min for halothane (p less than 0.05). Undesirable effects were larger in patients treated with isoflurane than in patients anesthetized with halothane (mean score: 12.60 +/- 3.53 points vs 14.41 +/- 2.33 points; p less than 0.001). The analysis of anesthetic quality during the recovery period gave a mean punctuation of 16.62 +/- 2.21 to patients treated with halothane, whereas patients anesthetized with isoflurane showed a lower score of 14.25 +/- 1.99 points (p less than 0.001). The higher scores corresponded to the most well tolerated anesthetic induction and recovery. The highest attainable score in this study was 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Díaz
- Sección de Anestesia Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Málaga
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Cardona
- Department of Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Espí F, Fernández MI, Tebar J, Soriano J, Ascaso JF, Carmena R. [Inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion syndrome associated with acute pneumonia]. Rev Clin Esp 1982; 165:141-4. [PMID: 7122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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