1
|
Achten R, Thijs J, van Luijk C, van Wijk F, van Luin M, El Amrani M, Delemarre E, de Graaf M, Bakker D, de Boer J, de Bruin-Weller M. 093 Tear fluid dupilumab levels of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and ocular surface disease. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
2
|
de Graaf M, Janmohamed S, Schuttelaar M, Agner T, Alfonso J, De Schepper S, Deleuran M, Despontin K, Elenius V, Ghislain P, Huilaja L, Johansson E, Kvenshagen B, Mandelin J, Olset H, Svensson A, van Tuyll van Serooskerken A, Thyssen J, Vestergaard C. Systemic treatment of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis aged ≥2 years: a Delphi consensus project mapping expert opinion in Northern Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:2153-2165. [PMID: 35793471 PMCID: PMC9796032 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) can be burdensome, affecting mental health and impairing quality of life for children and caregivers. Comprehensive guidelines exist for managing paediatric AD, but practical guidance on using systemic therapy is limited, particularly for new therapies including biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, recently approved for various ages in this indication. OBJECTIVES This expert consensus aimed to provide practical recommendations within this advancing field to enhance clinical decision-making on the use of these and other systemics for children and adolescents aged ≥2 years with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS Nineteen physicians from Northern Europe were selected for their expertise in managing childhood AD. Using a two-round Delphi process, they reached full or partial consensus on 37 statements. RESULTS Systemic therapy is recommended for children aged ≥2 years with a clear clinical diagnosis of severe AD and persistent disease uncontrolled after optimizing non-systemic therapy. Systemic therapy should achieve long-term disease control and reduce short-term interventions. Recommended are cyclosporine A for short-term use (all ages) and dupilumab or methotrexate for long-term use (ages ≥6 years). Consensus was not reached on the best long-term systemics for children aged 2-6 years, although new systemic therapies will likely become favourable: New biologics and JAK inhibitors will soon be approved for this age group, and more trial and real-world data will become available. CONCLUSIONS This article makes practical recommendations on the use of systemic AD treatments for children and adolescents, to supplement international and regional guidelines. It considers the systemic medication that was available for children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD at the time this consensus project was done: azathioprine, cyclosporine A, dupilumab, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and oral glucocorticosteroids. We focus on the geographically similar Northern European countries, whose healthcare systems, local preferences for AD management and reimbursement structures nonetheless differ significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Graaf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, National Expertise Center for Atopic Dermatitis, Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - S.R. Janmohamed
- Department of Dermatology, Unit Pediatric Dermatology, SKIN Research Group, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - M.L.A. Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - T. Agner
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - J.H. Alfonso
- Department of DermatologyOslo University Hospital, RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - S. De Schepper
- Department of DermatologyGent University HospitalGentBelgium
| | - M. Deleuran
- Department of DermatologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - K. Despontin
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyCHU UCL NamurNamurBelgium
| | - V. Elenius
- Department of PediatricsTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - P.‐D. Ghislain
- Department of Dermatology, UCL St‐LucLouvain UniversityBrusselsBelgium
| | - L. Huilaja
- PEDEGO Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Department of Dermatology and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - E.K. Johansson
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of DermatologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - J.M. Mandelin
- Department of DermatologyHelsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - H. Olset
- Department of DermatologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - A. Svensson
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMalmö University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | | | - J.P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. Vestergaard
- Department of DermatologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nederlof I, Isaeva O, Bakker N, de Graaf M, Salgado R, Klioueva N, Van De Vijver K, van Duijnhoven F, Kalashnikova E, Willingham S, Luykx S, Loo C, Kerver E, Sonke G, Blank C, Mann R, Linn S, Lambrechts D, Horlings H, Kok M. LBA13 Nivolumab and ipilimumab in early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs): First results from the BELLINI trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
4
|
Bakker D, de Graaf M, Nierkens S, Delemarre E, Knol E, van Wijk F, de Bruin- Weller M, Drylewicz J, Thijs J. 234 Unraveling heterogeneity in pediatric atopic dermatitis: identification of serum biomarker based patient clusters. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Thijs J, Bakker D, Delemarre E, de Graaf M, Knol E, Drylewicz J, van Wijk F, Nierkens S, de Bruin-Weller M. 415 Endotyping of adult and paediatric atopic dermatitis; is it one disease? J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
de Graaf M, van Lieshout M, van den Berg P, Langius J. Indirect calorimetry: Challenging the 5 hours fasting requirement. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Garritsen FM, van der Schaft J, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CAF, van Schaik RH, de Graaf M, van den Broek MPH, de Bruin-Weller MS. Thiopurine metabolite levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and/or chronic hand/foot eczema treated with azathioprine. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 29:375-382. [PMID: 28914560 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1373738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azathioprine is frequently used in severe eczema. It is converted in the liver into active metabolites, including 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and methylated 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP). In the past, the therapeutic potential of azathioprine may have not been fully utilized. Recent investigations on inflammatory bowel disease have led to a better understanding of azathioprine metabolism and optimizing treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether measuring thiopurine metabolites in circulation can improve the effectiveness and safety of azathioprine treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis and/or chronic hand/foot eczema. METHODS Azathioprine metabolite levels were measured in eczema patients during maintenance treatment (Part I) and dose escalation (Part II). Clinical effectiveness, hepatotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression were analyzed and TPMT genotype was assessed. RESULTS A wide variation in metabolite levels in all dose groups was observed. In Part I (32 patients), there were no significant differences in 6-TGN levels between clinical responders and non-responders (p = .806). No hepatoxicity or myelotoxicity was observed. In Part II, all 6-TGN and 6-MMP levels increased during dose escalation. Hypermethylation was observed in 2/8 patients. CONCLUSION For individual eczema patients treated with azathioprine, routinely measuring 6-TGN and 6-MMP can be helpful in optimizing azathioprine dose, improving clinical effectiveness, and preventing side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Garritsen
- a Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - J van der Schaft
- a Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | - R H van Schaik
- b Department of Clinical Chemistry , Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,c Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Hematology (LKCH) , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - M de Graaf
- a Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - M P H van den Broek
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacy , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,e Department of Clinical Pharmacy , St Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein , The Netherlands
| | - M S de Bruin-Weller
- a Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The association of guttate psoriasis (GP) with streptococcal pharyngitis is well accepted. However, less is known about the association with perianal streptococcal infection. We report a case of a 19-month-old boy with GP after a preceding perianal streptococcal dermatitis, with no clinical signs of a streptococcal pharyngitis. Treatment with phenethicillin was given together with mometasone ointment. After 4 weeks, the perianal redness was reduced and the psoriasis had improved significantly. A review of the literature revealed nine previous case reports, comprising a total of 15 patients. In all cases, the perianal dermatitis and the GP improved after treatment with oral antibiotics, sometimes in combination with topical corticosteroids. We conclude that in cases of GP in children, the perianal area must be examined for streptococcal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Garritsen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
| | - D E Kraag
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
| | - M de Graaf
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruitenberg G, Young-Afat DA, de Graaf M, Pasmans SGMA, Breugem CC. Ulcerated infantile haemangiomas: the effect of the selective beta-blocker atenolol on wound healing. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1357-1360. [PMID: 27105937 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ruitenberg
- Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508, AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D A Young-Afat
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M de Graaf
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508, AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S G M A Pasmans
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508, AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia's Children Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C C Breugem
- Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508, AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Graaf M, van Beek J, Vennema H, Podkolzin AT, Hewitt J, Bucardo F, Templeton K, Mans J, Nordgren J, Reuter G, Lynch M, Rasmussen LD, Iritani N, Chan MC, Martella V, Ambert-Balay K, Vinjé J, White PA, Koopmans MP. Emergence of a novel GII.17 norovirus – End of the GII.4 era? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 26159308 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.26.21178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the winter of 2014/15 a novel GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus strain (GII.17 Kawasaki 2014) emerged, as a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in China and Japan. Since their emergence these novel GII.P17-GII.17 viruses have replaced the previously dominant GII.4 genotype Sydney 2012 variant in some areas in Asia but were only detected in a limited number of cases on other continents. This perspective provides an overview of the available information on GII.17 viruses in order to gain insight in the viral and host characteristics of this norovirus genotype. We further discuss the emergence of this novel GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus in context of current knowledge on the epidemiology of noroviruses. It remains to be seen if the currently dominant norovirus strain GII.4 Sydney 2012 will be replaced in other parts of the world. Nevertheless, the public health community and surveillance systems need to be prepared in case of a potential increase of norovirus activity in the next seasons caused by this novel GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Graaf
- Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Graaf M, Raphael M, Breugem C, Knol M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Kon M, Breur J, Pasmans S. Response from the authors of ‘Treatment of infantile haemangiomas with atenolol: Comparison with a historical propranolol group’. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67:411-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
de Graaf M, Pasmans S, van Drooge A, Nievelstein R, Gooskens R, Raphael M, Breugem C. Associated anomalies and diagnostic approach in lumbosacral and perineal haemangiomas: Case report and review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 66:e26-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
de Graaf M, Tilstra LG, Wang P, Stammes P. Retrieval of the aerosol direct radiative effect over clouds from spaceborne spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
van Zoelen MAD, de Graaf M, van Dijk MR, Bogte A, van Erpecum KJ, Rockmann H, Maarschalk-Ellerbroek LJ. Valproic acid-induced DRESS syndrome with acute liver failure. Neth J Med 2012; 70:155. [PMID: 22516584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
15
|
Tilstra LG, de Graaf M, Aben I, Stammes P. In-flight degradation correction of SCIAMACHY UV reflectances and Absorbing Aerosol Index. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
de Graaf M, van der Meer SB. [An infant with a swelling of the cheek]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005; 149:2112. [PMID: 16201601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A 2-weeks-old girl was presented with a swelling of the right parotid gland, due to acute suppurative parotitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Graaf
- Atrium Medisch Centrum, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Heerlen.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oosterhoff D, Overmeer RM, de Graaf M, van der Meulen IH, Giaccone G, van Beusechem VW, Haisma HJ, Pinedo HM, Gerritsen WR. Adenoviral vector-mediated expression of a gene encoding secreted, EpCAM-targeted carboxylesterase-2 sensitises colon cancer spheroids to CPT-11. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:882-7. [PMID: 15756257 PMCID: PMC2361903 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CPT-11 (irinotecan or 7-ethyl-10[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin) is an anticancer agent in use for the treatment of colon cancer. In order to be fully active, CPT-11 needs to be converted into SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) by the enzyme carboxylesterase (CE). In humans, only a minority of CPT-11 is converted to SN-38. To increase the antitumour effect of CPT-11 by gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, we constructed a replication-deficient adenoviral vector Ad.C28-sCE2 containing a fusion gene encoding a secreted form of human liver CE2 targeted to the surface antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) that is highly expressed on most colon carcinoma cells. By targeting CE2 to EpCAM, the enzyme should accumulate specifically in tumours and leakage into the circulation should be minimised. Ad.C28-sCE2-transduced colon carcinoma cells expressed and secreted active CE that bound specifically to EpCAM-expressing cells. In sections of three-dimensional colon carcinoma spheroids transduced with Ad.C28-sCE2, it was shown that C28-sCE2 was capable of binding untransduced cells. Most importantly, treatment of these spheroids with nontoxic concentrations of CPT-11 resulted in growth inhibition comparable to treatment with SN-38. Therefore, Ad.C28-sCE2 holds promise in gene therapy approaches for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Oosterhoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Gene Therapy, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Oosterhoff D, Pinedo HM, van der Meulen IH, de Graaf M, Sone T, Kruyt FA, van Beusechem VW, Haisma HJ, Gerritsen WR. Secreted and tumour targeted human carboxylesterase for activation of irinotecan. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:659-64. [PMID: 12237777 PMCID: PMC2364240 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2002] [Revised: 05/03/2002] [Accepted: 07/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer agent for the treatment of colon cancer. CPT-11 can be considered as a prodrug, since it needs to be activated into the toxic drug SN-38 by the enzyme carboxylesterase. An approach to achieve tumour specific activation of CPT-11 is to transduce the cDNA encoding carboxylesterase into tumour cells. A secreted form of carboxylesterase may diffuse through a tumour mass and may activate CPT-11 extracellularly. This could enhance the antitumour efficacy by exerting a bystander effect on untransduced cells. In addition a secreted tumour-targeted form of carboxylesterase should prevent leakage of the enzyme from the site of the tumour into the circulation. We have constructed a secreted form of human liver carboxylesterase-2 by deletion of the cellular retention signal and by cloning the cDNA downstream of an Ig kappa leader sequence. The protein was secreted by transfected cells and showed both enzyme activity and efficient CPT-11 activation. To obtain a secreted, tumour-targeted form of carboxylesterase-2 the cDNA encoding the human scFv antibody C28 directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM, was inserted between the leader sequence and carboxylesterase-2. This fusion protein showed CPT-11 activation and specific binding to EpCAM expressing cells. Importantly, in combination with CPT-11 both recombinant carboxylesterase proteins exerted strong antiproliferative effects on human colon cancer cells. They are, therefore, promising new tools for gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy approaches for the treatment of colon carcinoma with CPT-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Oosterhoff
- Division of Gene Therapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Graaf M, Boven E, Oosterhoff D, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, Huls GA, Gerritsen WR, Haisma HJ, Pinedo HM. A fully human anti-Ep-CAM scFv-beta-glucuronidase fusion protein for selective chemotherapy with a glucuronide prodrug. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:811-8. [PMID: 11875747 PMCID: PMC2375299 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2001] [Revised: 11/28/2001] [Accepted: 12/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against tumour-associated antigens could be useful to deliver enzymes selectively to the site of a tumour for activation of a non-toxic prodrug. A completely human fusion protein may be advantageous for repeated administration, as host immune responses may be avoided. We have constructed a fusion protein consisting of a human single chain Fv antibody, C28, against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule and the human enzyme beta-glucuronidase. The sequences encoding C28 and human enzyme beta-glucuronidase were joined by a sequence encoding a flexible linker, and were preceded by the IgGkappa signal sequence for secretion of the fusion protein. A CHO cell line was engineered to secrete C28-beta-glucuronidase fusion protein. Antibody specificity and enzyme activity were retained in the secreted fusion protein that had an apparent molecular mass of 100 kDa under denaturing conditions. The fusion protein was able to convert a non-toxic prodrug of doxorubicin, N-[4-doxorubicin-N-carbonyl(oxymethyl)phenyl]-O-beta-glucuronyl carbamate to doxorubicin, resulting in cytotoxicity. A bystander effect was demonstrated, as doxorubicin was detected in all cells after N-[4-doxorubicin-N-carbonyl(oxymethyl)phenyl]-O-beta-glucuronyl carbamate administration when only 10% of the cells expressed the fusion protein. This is the first fully human and functional fusion protein consisting of an scFv against epithelial cell adhesion molecule and human enzyme beta-glucuronidase for future use in tumour-specific activation of a non-toxic glucuronide prodrug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Gene Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Graaf M, van Veen IC, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, Gerritsen WR, Pinedo HM, Haisma HJ. Cloning and characterization of human liver cytosolic beta-glycosidase. Biochem J 2001; 356:907-10. [PMID: 11389701 PMCID: PMC1221920 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3560907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) from mammalian liver is a member of the family 1 glycoside hydrolases and is known for its ability to hydrolyse a range of beta-D-glycosides, including beta-D-glucoside and beta-D-galactoside. We therefore refer to this enzyme as cytosolic beta-glycosidase. We cloned the cDNA encoding the human cytosolic beta-glycosidase by performing PCR on cDNA prepared from total human liver RNA. Specific primers were based on human expressed sequence tags found in the expressed sequence tag database. The cloned cDNA contained 1407 nt with an open reading frame encoding 469 amino acid residues. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that human cytosolic beta-glycosidase is most closely related to lactase phlorizin hydrolase and klotho protein. The enzyme was characterized by using cell lysates of COS-7 cells transfected with a eukaryotic expression vector containing the cDNA. The biochemical, kinetic and inhibition properties of the cloned enzyme were found to be identical with those reported for the enzyme purified from human liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Gene Therapy, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The study of gene function at later stages of embryonic development by overexpression experiments is often complicated by genes exerting different functions at multiple stages of development, which renders analysis of stage-specific effects difficult. To address this problem an inducible expression system that supports timed expression of essentially any protein, including secreted proteins was designed. The system is based on a two step mechanism. A glucocorticoid inducible, Gal4-site binding chimeric transcription factor is expressed ubiquitously, whereas a gene of interest is placed under the control of a Gal4-site driven promoter. Treatment of zebrafish embryos injected with such constructs with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone results in readily detectable reporter activity within 3 h. The system was tested with induced expression of Xactivin(beta)B and X(wnt), which both were shown to induce morphological abnormalities, as well as alterations in the expression patterns of goosecoid and otx2, respectively. Coinjection of an inducible lacZ reporter vector served as an indicator for expressing cells in embryos. The present results demonstrate that this is a versatile inducible expression system for use in vertebrate embryos, that also supports expression of secreted proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Graaf
- Hubrecht Laboratory, the Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Utrecht
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This study reports on the findings of longitudinal follow-up of visual function in a 12-year-old girl affected by congenital right hemihydranencephaly. This extremely rare unilateral brain malformation allowed the authors to gather new information on neuronal plasticity and functional compensations of the visual system across a period of 10 years. An extension of the preserved right visual hemifields above the middle line and strategical eye or head positions developed to increase visual functions are discussed. In addition, ophthalmological and orthoptical findings, as well as the development of monocular grating and linear acuity, are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Porro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
van Beurden EA, de Graaf M, Wendel U, Gitzelmann R, Berger R, van den Berg IE. Autosomal recessive liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency caused by a novel splice-site mutation in the gene encoding the liver gamma subunit (PHKG2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 236:544-8. [PMID: 9245685 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate mutation analysis of patients with an autosomal recessive form of liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency, the genomic structure of the gene encoding the testis/liver gamma subunit (PHKG2) was established. The gene consist of 10 exons. The translation start site is located in exon 2. Analysis of DNA from two female siblings, affected with liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency, by exon specific amplification followed by direct sequencing, revealed a single donor splice site mutation in the PHKG2 gene, IVS4 + 1(g --> a). The mutation leads to the skipping of exon 4, which results in a frameshift, starting at nucleotide 272, a premature stop codon after 32 additional amino acids, and subsequent loss of the catalytic site. It is concluded that deficiency of phosphorylase kinase in liver of the patients is caused by the IVS4 + 1(g --> a) mutation. In the patients described here, this genotype is associated with development of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A van Beurden
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lohuis PJ, Ligtenberg PC, Diepersloot RJ, de Graaf M. Q-fever in a patient with a ventriculo-peritoneal drain. Case report and short review of the literature. Neth J Med 1994; 44:60-4. [PMID: 8208325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although Q-fever is still a relatively rare disease in the Netherlands, its incidence seems to be increasing. In this article we describe the case-history of a 65-year-old woman with a Pudenz-drain, who acquired Q-fever pneumonia while manuring her garden. The course of the disease was deviant, which most likely was caused by colonization of the ventriculo-peritoneal drain with Coxiella burnetii. Q-fever usually presents as a self-limiting illness. In the case of chronic Q-fever, complications such as endocarditis, hepatitis or meningo-encephalitis can be fatal and require long-term treatment. Patients with artificial drains or valves carry a greater risk of developing such complications. Therefore, especially in patients at risk, Q-fever should be included in the differential diagnosis when dealing with a patient with unexplained fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Lohuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Claas HC, Melchers WJ, de Bruijn IH, de Graaf M, van Dijk WC, Lindeman J, Quint WG. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens by the polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9:864-8. [PMID: 2073896 DOI: 10.1007/bf01967500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sequences derived from the endogenous plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis and from the genes coding for ribosomal 16S RNA of Chlamydia psittaci were used as primers and oligonucleotide probes for detection of chlamydiae by the polymerase chain reaction. The endogenous plasmid primers generated specific amplified products of 517 bp with all known Chlamydia trachomatis serovars. No specific products of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae could be detected using these primers. With the rRNA primers specific amplified products of 208 bp were generated with Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. No specific amplified products were detected with DNA isolated from a variety of microorganisms from the urogenital and the respiratory tract. Of 156 clinical specimens used for evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction, 26 were found to be positive for Chlamydia trachomatis on culture. All 26 culture positive samples were also found to be positive for Chlamydia trachomatis DNA by the polymerase chain reaction with both primer sets. Two culture negative samples were also found to be positive by this technique. The polymerase chain reaction thus seems to be a sensitive and reliable method for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Claas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Diagnostic Centre SSDZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oudega B, de Graaf M, de Boer L, Bakker D, Vader CE, Mooi FR, de Graaf FK. Detection and identification of FaeC as a minor component of K88 fibrillae of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 1989; 3:645-52. [PMID: 2668694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A tribrid gene containing ompF, faeC, and lacZ sequences was constructed by subcloning a large central segment of the K88ab gene encoding the fibrillar subunit-like protein FaeC into the open reading frame expression vector pORF2. The resulting tribrid protein was isolated and used to raise antibodies against the FaeC protein. These antibodies were then used for the detection and subcellular localization of the FaeC protein in Escherichia coli harbouring the K88ab-encoding plasmid pFM205 or mutant derivatives. Immunoblotting of subcellular fractions and of purified fibrillae, and agglutination experiments using whole cells revealed that the FaeC protein is present in the periplasm and as a minor component in the K88ab fibrillae. FaeC was also detected in purified K88ac and K88ad fibrillae. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of FaeC in K88ab fibrillae, particularly at the tips of the longer fibrillae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Oudega
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|