1
|
Alqurashi M, Al-Abbasi F, Afzal M, Alghamdi A, Zeyadi M, Sheikh R, Alshehri S, Imam S, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Protective effect of sterubin against neurochemical and behavioral impairments in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e12829. [PMID: 38359270 PMCID: PMC10868181 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate how sterubin affects rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. A total of 24 rats were distributed into 4 equal groups: normal saline control and rotenone control were administered saline or rotenone (ROT), respectively, orally; sterubin 10 received ROT + sterubin 10 mg/kg po; and sterubin alone was administered to the test group (10 mg/kg). Rats of the normal saline and sterubin alone groups received sunflower oil injection (sc) daily, 1 h after receiving the treatments cited above, while rats of the other groups received rotenone injection (0.5 mg/kg, sc). The treatment was continued over the course of 28 days daily. On the 29th day, catalepsy and akinesia were assessed. The rats were then euthanized, and the brain was extracted for estimation of endogenous antioxidants (MDA: malondialdehyde, GSH: reduced glutathione, CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase), nitrative (nitrite) stress markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, and neurotransmitter levels and their metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA)). Akinesia and catatonia caused by ROT reduced the levels of endogenous antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD), elevated the MDA level, and altered the levels of nitrites, neurotransmitters, and their metabolites. Sterubin restored the neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and metabolites of altered neurotransmitters caused by ROT. Results demonstrated the anti-Parkinson's activities of sterubin in ROT-treated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Alqurashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F.A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R.A. Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S.S. Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - I. Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeyadi M, Al-Abbasi FA, Afzal M, Bawadood AS, Sheikh RA, Alzarea SI, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Butin attenuates behavioral disorders via cholinergic/BDNF/Caspase-3 pathway in scopolamine-evoked memory deficits in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:981-994. [PMID: 38375702 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research suggests that butin may also exert neuroprotective effects. However, its influence on cognitive performance and, specifically, its potential to mitigate scopolamine-induced memory impairment remains unexplored. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of butin on the cognitive and behavioral performance of rats with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scopolamine-injected memory-impediment model in rats was used to determine the efficacy of butin in higher and lower doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 14 days. Y-maze, along with Morris water, was used to assess the ability to recall spatial and working information. Biochemistry-related functions such as acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malonaldehyde, catalase, nitric oxide, and neurotransmitters levels were estimated as indicators of free radical damage. Furthermore, we evaluated neuro-inflammatory responses by assessing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and caspase-3 immuno-reactive proteins. RESULTS When assessed through behavioral paradigms, the butin-treated group enhanced the spatial and working memory of rodents. Scopolamine caused a substantial alteration in biochemical-related parameters, neuronal enzymatic, inflammation responses and apoptosis markers prominently restored by butin. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that butin protects scopolamine-injected rats from behavioral impairments and neuronal damage by reducing apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brownstein J, Scarfone S, Miller E, Thomas E, Weldon M, Okabe T, Williams T, Afzal M. A Single Institution's Experience with Cardiac Radioablation Utilizing the 17-Segment Model for Target Localization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
4
|
Tay W, Giles H, Wright N, Afzal M, Birtwistle J, Berlanga O, North S, Drayson M, Pratt G, Wallis G, Harding S. T043 Exent mass spectrometry allows early identification of multiclonal MGUS compared to electrophoretic methods. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Background Somalia has been without an effective government since the collapse of the military regime in 1991. Years of conflict, disasters, and insecurity have all contributed to very low scores for most health indicators due to poor governance, protracted conflict, underdevelopment, economic decline, poverty, social and gender inequality, and environmental degradation. The three-decade long protracted conflict has led to widespread psychosocial trauma, social deprivation and substance abuse with devastating consequences on mental health. A WHO study showed Somalia has one of the highest rates of mental illness in the world. The main aim of this study is to assist policy makers in setting priorities for the design and delivery of interventions to promote mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in Somalia. Methods The study uses a systematic mapping technique (from January 1991 to May 2020) and data collected from public domain, to collect, collate, and present mental health data mainly from WHO’s Global Health Observatory. Since there is no primary database for Somalia’s public health research, the bibliographic databases used for mental health in this study included Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted using techniques for web data mining for public health. Results Systematic mapping of mental health-related issues in Somalia showed that policy-related determinants and mental health services dominated (74.4%), followed by the disaster-related determinants and women’s health consequences (39.3%). The ratio of the number of beds for mental health in general hospitals (per 100,000 population) in Somalia in 2017 is 0.5 compared to the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) at 6.4 and globally at 24. One of the biggest casualties of the civil war was loss of essential human resources in healthcare as most either fled the country or were part of the victims of the war. Conclusions The vast scale of the mental health problems in Somalia and the priority setting guidelines for interventions to address the issues outlined in this paper, prompt a dire need that the Somali government and its national/international partners should prioritize and emphasize the need to invest in the prevention and the treatment of mental illness across the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ibrahim
- School of Social Work, The University of British Columbia, 2080 Jack Bell Building, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,WHO Somalia Country Office, Mogadishu, Somalia.
| | - H Rizwan
- WHO Sudan Country Office, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - M Afzal
- Health Research, Monitoring and Evaluation Consultant, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gil K, Tong MS, Afzal M, Kahwash R, Bhatti S, Addison D, Varghese J, Simonetti OP, Zareba KM, Rajpal S. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging with T1 and T2 mapping in sudden cardiac death survivors. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the adult population is poorly studied, although determining its etiology is crucial for management and prognosis [1]. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is being increasingly utilized in SCD survivors [1,2]. The role of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging in patients with recent SCD and no significant coronary artery disease (CAD) is well established, but there is no data on the additive role of T1 and T2 mapping [1–3].
Purpose
This is a retrospective study to assess the role of CMR including T1 and T2 mapping in SCD survivors.
Methods
Between 01/2016 and 12/2019, we retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent CMR on a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T scanner within 4 weeks of SCD. CMR protocol included cine imaging, T1 and T2 mapping, and LGE imaging. Native and post-contrast myocardial T1 values were measured within the septum on the mid short axis (SAX) and extracellular volume fraction was calculated using the standard formula. T2 values were measured in six mid segments on the mid SAX map. Additional measurements were performed if long axis T2 maps were available. Clinical data, electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and left heart catheterization (LHC) were reviewed from the electronic health record. An ischemic evaluation was performed in 33 (94%) of patients.
Results
A total of 35 patients who underwent CMR for SCD were included for analysis (mean age 46.9±14.1 years; 20 (57%) male). SCD etiology was established based on clinical data, ECG, TTE, CCTA, and LHC in 9 (26%) patients. CMR provided the most probable SCD etiology in an additional 20 (57%) patients with T1 and T2 mapping abnormalities seen in 18 (51%) patients. Diagnoses determined by CMR included myocarditis (35%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP) (20%), left ventricular non-compaction CMP (15%), dilated CMP (10%), takotsubo CMP (5%), and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive CAD (15%) (Table, Figure). Elevated native T1 was seen in 15 (43%) (mean T1 1069±60 ms; site specific normal <1080 ms), elevated ECV in 16 (46%) (30±7%; site specific normal <29%), and elevated native T2 in 22 (63%) patients (65±10 ms; site specific normal <60 ms). LGE was present in 31 (89%) patients. The etiology of SCD remained unknown in 6 (17%) patients despite extensive testing including CMR.
Conclusions
CMR has significant diagnostic and prognostic value in assessing SCD etiology compared to non-CMR based evaluation. Myocarditis is a common underdiagnosed cause of SCD in adult patients well seen in a CMR protocol with T1 and T2 mapping. Myocardial inflammation monitoring in SCD survivors with serial CMRs using T1 and T2 mapping could influence clinical decision making by justifying pharmacotherapy modification and timing of ICD implantation. To conclude, CMR with T1 and T2 mapping provides high diagnostic yield in the investigation of SCD etiology.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Gil
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - M S Tong
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - M Afzal
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - R Kahwash
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - S Bhatti
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - D Addison
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - J Varghese
- The Ohio State University, Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, United States of America
| | - O P Simonetti
- The Ohio State University, Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, United States of America
| | - K M Zareba
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - S Rajpal
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aslam N, Hayat S, Ali T, Waseem M, Siddique MH, Afzal M, Muzammil A, Naz G, Sarwar A, Muzammil S. Antiadhesion and antibiofilm potential of Fagonia indica from Cholistan desert against clinical multidrug resistant bacteria. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239991. [PMID: 34190801 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High resistance to antimicrobials is associated with biofilm formation responsible for infectious microbes to withstand severe conditions. Therefore, new alternatives are necessary as biofilm inhibitors to control infections. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Fagonia indica extracts were evaluated against MDR clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica has antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica had antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against MDR isolates. The maximum inhibitory effects of Fagonia indica chloroform extract on biofilm formation was observed on Staphylococcus aureus (71.84%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (70.83%) after 48 hrs showing that inhibition is also time dependent. Our results about bacterial cell protein leakage indicated that MDR isolates treated with chloroform extract of Fagonia indica showed maximum protein leakage of K. pneumoniae (59.14 µg mL-1) followed by S. aureus (56.7 µg mL-1). Cell attachment assays indicated that chloroform extract resulted in a 43.5-53.5% inhibition of cell adherence to a polystyrene surface. Our results revealed that extracts of Fagonia indica significantly inhibited biofilm formation among MDR clinical isolates, therefore, could be applied as antimicrobial agents and cost effective biofilm inhibitor against these MDR isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Aslam
- Government College University, Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Hayat
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - T Ali
- Government College University, Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,University of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Waseem
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M H Siddique
- Government College University, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Government College University, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Muzammil
- Government College University, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - G Naz
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Sarwar
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Muzammil
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gardner RS, Quartieri F, Betts TR, Afzal M, Manyam H, Badie N, Dawoud F, Sabet L, Davis K, Qu F, Ryu K, Ip J. Reducing clinical review burden for insertable cardiac monitors. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
The insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is an essential tool for the ambulatory diagnosis of arrhythmias. However, definitive diagnoses still rely on time-consuming, manual adjudication of electrograms (EGMs) transmitted to the patient care network. This EGM review burden may be minimized by automatically selecting a subset of EGMs for fast review without delaying the diagnosis.
Purpose
Develop EGM selection strategies to reduce the EGM review burden without delaying diagnoses.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 1,000 randomly selected Abbott Confirm Rx devices with 90+ days of remote transmission history was performed, regardless of transmission frequency, and all EGMs were adjudicated as either true or false positive (TP, FP). Up to 3 EGMs per day per arrhythmia type were prioritized for review based on ventricular rate and episode duration, with rules specific to each arrhythmia type: atrial fibrillation (AF), tachycardia, bradycardia, and pause. The resulting reduction in EGM review burden and TP days (patient-days with at least 1 TP EGM), as well as any diagnostic delay from the first transmitted TP, were calculated relative to reviewing all transmitted EGMs.
Results
In this population and transmission period, at least one AF, tachycardia, bradycardia, and pause EGM was transmitted by 424, 343, 190, and 325 unique devices, respectively, with a total of 35,723, 12,239, 19,752, and 28,002 EGMs, and a total of 6,163, 1,572, 1,438, and 646 TP days. For these patients with ≥1 EGM, the median [IQR] EGM transmission rate was 2.6 [0.7, 11.6], 1.1 [0.4, 4.7], 2.1 [0.6, 10.7], and 3.4 [0.6, 29.9] EGMs/patient/month, respectively. The optimal EGM selection strategy reduced this EGM review burden by 43%, 67%, 76%, and 50%, while only missing 3.4%, 2.2%, 0.3%, and 0.2% of TP days, respectively. Ultimately, 97%, 99%, 99%, and 99% of devices with a TP AF, tachycardia, bradycardia, or pause EGM exhibited no diagnostic delay vs. reviewing all transmitted EGMs.
Conclusion
EGM prioritization rules for selecting up to 3 episodes/day significantly reduced EGM burden across all patients, not just "frequent fliers," with no delay-to-diagnosis in >97% of patients who exhibited a true arrhythmia. Implementing these rules on the patient care network may improve clinical workflow and ICM patient management. Abstract Figure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RS Gardner
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - F Quartieri
- Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - TR Betts
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Afzal
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, United States of America
| | - H Manyam
- Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, United States of America
| | - N Badie
- Abbott, Sylmar, United States of America
| | - F Dawoud
- Abbott, Sylmar, United States of America
| | - L Sabet
- Abbott, Sylmar, United States of America
| | - K Davis
- Abbott, Sylmar, United States of America
| | - F Qu
- Abbott, Sylmar, United States of America
| | - K Ryu
- Abbott, Sylmar, United States of America
| | - J Ip
- Sparrow Clinical Research Institute, Lansing, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hassan N, Afzal M, Sehar S, Gilani A. Effect of Educational Program on Pressure Ulcer Prevention Intervention among Nurses of Intensive Care Units at a Public Hospital, Pakistan. cswhi 2020. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_11_4_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Manzoor N, Afzal M, Sehar S, Gilani S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Kangaroo Mother Care among Neonatal Nurses. cswhi 2020. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_11_4_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Ijaz T, Ijaz S, Afzal M, Ijaz N. Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Lahore Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
12
|
Haralur SB, Majeed MI, Afzal M, Chaturvedi S. Association of sociodemographic factors and emotional intelligence with academic performance in clinical and preclinical dental courses. Niger J Clin Pract 2019; 22:1109-1114. [PMID: 31417054 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_37_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The dental graduation program is stressful and challenging as it is essential to master various skills. The emotional intelligence (EI) is reported to help in perceiving, moderating emotions and also play a significant role in academic excellence. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the sociodemographic factors influencing EI and to determine the association of EI in academic performance of clinical and preclinical courses. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included the 113 dental clinical internship students from five different dental schools at Pakistan. The self-administered questionnaire data included sociodemographic factors, academic performance in preclinical, clinical courses, and San Diego City College MESA Program-based EI responses. The results were analyzed with multiple linear regression and ordinal regression to identify the independent predictor for EI and academic performance. Results The female participants had marginally higher mean EI score (109.67) in comparison to male counterparts (108.10). The independent predictors among sociodemographic factors for EI were having siblings (P = 0.016), loss of parents (P = 0.002), parents' education (P = 0.022), and relation with parents (P = 0.03). The students enjoy studying dentistry were also associated with higher EI scores (P = 0.002). The mean EI score was an independent predictor of academic performance predominantly in clinical courses [β = -0.041 (95% confidence interval - 0.063 to - 0.020); P = 0.000]. Conclusion The finding of the study indicates the influence of family and social factors in the development of EI. The dental students' EI is vital for higher academic performance in clinical courses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Haralur
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M I Majeed
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Afzal
- Institute of Dentistry, CMH Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmed N, Zeshan B, Naveed M, Afzal M, Mohamed M. Antibiotic resistance profile in relation to virulence genes fimH, hlyA and usp of uropathogenic E. coli isolates in Lahore, Pakistan. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:559-568. [PMID: 33597418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the major etiological agent of urinary tract infections. The objectives of this study were to evaluate E. coli isolates from these patients for the phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance and to detect the genes responsible for virulence namely fimH, hlyA and usp. A total of 110 E. coli isolates were studied and 30 antibiotics were applied for susceptibility testing. PCR detection of the genes fimH, hlyA and usp was done followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the isolates were highly resistant to cephalaxin (100%) and cephradine (100%) but displayed high sensitivity to amikacin (96.27%), Imipenem (92.63%) and Meropenem (92.63%). The prevalence of fimH, hlyA and usp was 86%, 83% and 16%, respectively. The sequencing showed 99% similarity with previously reported sequences in NCBI GenBank database. The co-existence of multiple drug-resistant bodies and virulent genes has important implications for the treatment of patients with urinary tract infection. This study provides information about treating drug-resistant E. coli and the relationship of virulent genes with phenotypic resistance patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmed
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - B Zeshan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Naveed
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malik A, Afzal M. Starting a tumor board meeting at a public sector hospital – problems faced and its impact on patient care: A lower middle income country experience. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Afzal M, Bhardwaj DP, Khan R, Kazmi I, Saleem S, Al-Abbasi FA, Anwar F. Antineoplastic influence of nimesulide in chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibition of DNA synthesis. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:89-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Afzal M, Shahid M, Riaz M, Saleem MA, Wattoo JI, Zeshan B, Naveed M. Role of fungal-induced stress in biochemical and phytochemical profiling of Peganum harmala. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:379-384. [PMID: 29685022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate bioactive compounds under the influence of biotic stress on seedlings of Peganum harmala. Biologically active compounds were determined by using different techniques. The HPLC and GC-MS analyses detected the significant amount of phenolic acids and active biological compound. Total protein content, activity of proteases, α-amylases, catalases and peroxidases were observed to be accelerated under fungal stress. The seedling extracts exhibited prominent antifungal and antimicrobial activity against selected strains. The present study showed that P. harmala is a good candidate to be used in natural therapies and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Afzal
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Women Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Saleem
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J I Wattoo
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - B Zeshan
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Naveed
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Winters ZE, Afzal M, Rutherford C, Holzner B, Rumpold G, da Costa Vieira RA, Hartup S, Flitcroft K, Bjelic-Radisic V, Oberguggenberger A, Panouilleres M, Mani M, Catanuto G, Douek M, Kokan J, Sinai P, King MT, Spillane A, Snook K, Boyle F, French J, Elder E, Chalmers B, Kabir M, Campbell I, Wong A, Flay H, Scarlet J, Weis J, Giesler J, Bliem B, Nagele E, del Angelo N, Andrade V, Assump¸ão Garcia D, Bonnetain F, Kjelsberg M, William-Jones S, Fleet A, Hathaway S, Elliott J, Galea M, Dodge J, Chaudhy A, Williams R, Cook L, Sethi S, Turton P, Henson A, Gibb J, Bonomi R, Funnell S, Noren C, Ooi J, Cocks S, Dawson L, Patel H, Bailey L, Chatterjee S, Goulden K, Kirk S, Osborne W, Harter L, Sharif MA, Corcoran S, Smith J, Prasad R, Doran A, Power A, Devereux L, Cannon J, Latham S, Arora P, Ridgway S, Coulding M, Roberts R, Absar M, Hodgkiss T, Connolly K, Johnson J, Doyle K, Lunt N, Cooper M, Fuchs I, Peall L, Taylor L, Nicholson A. International validation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-BRECON23 quality-of-life questionnaire for women undergoing breast reconstruction. Br J Surg 2017; 105:209-222. [PMID: 29116657 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to carry out phase 4 international field-testing of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) breast reconstruction (BRECON) module. The primary objective was finalization of its scale structure. Secondary objectives were evaluation of its reliability, validity, responsiveness, acceptability and interpretability in patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy and reconstruction.
Methods
The EORTC module development guidelines were followed. Patients were recruited from 28 centres in seven countries. A prospective cohort completed the QLQ-BRECON15 before mastectomy and the QLQ-BRECON24 at 4–8 months after reconstruction. The cross-sectional cohort completed the QLQ-BRECON24 at 1–5 years after reconstruction, and repeated this 2–8 weeks later (test–retest reliability). All participants completed debriefing questionnaires.
Results
A total of 438 patients were recruited, 234 in the prospective cohort and 204 in the cross-sectional cohort. A total of 414 reconstructions were immediate, with a comparable number of implants (176) and donor-site flaps (166). Control groups comprised patients who underwent two-stage implant procedures (72, 75 per cent) or delayed reconstruction (24, 25 per cent). Psychometric scale validity was supported by moderate to high item-own scale and item-total correlations (over 0·5). Questionnaire validity was confirmed by good scale-to-sample targeting, and computable scale scores exceeding 50 per cent, except nipple cosmesis (over 40 per cent). In known-group comparisons, QLQ-BRECON24 scales and items differentiated between patient groups defined by clinical criteria, such as type and timing of reconstruction, postmastectomy radiotherapy and surgical complications, with moderate effect sizes. Prospectively, sexuality and surgical side-effects scales showed significant responsiveness over time (P < 0·001). Scale reliability was supported by high Cronbach's α coefficients (over 0·7) and test–retest (intraclass correlation more than 0·8). One item (finding a well fitting bra) was excluded based on high floor/ceiling effects, poor test–retest and weak correlations in factor analysis (below 0·3), thus generating the QLQ-BRECON23 questionnaire.
Conclusion
The QLQ-BRECON23 is an internationally validated tool to be used alongside the EORTC QLQ-C30 (cancer) and QLQ-BR23 (breast cancer) questionnaires for evaluating quality of life and satisfaction after breast reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z E Winters
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- Surgical and Interventional Trials Unit, Division of Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Afzal
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - C Rutherford
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Holzner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Rumpold
- Department of Medical Psychology, Evaluation Software Development, Rum, Austria
| | | | - S Hartup
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K Flitcroft
- Breast and Surgical Oncology, Poche Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Bjelic-Radisic
- Department of Breast Surgery and Gynaecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Oberguggenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panouilleres
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - M Mani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Catanuto
- Multidisciplinary Breast Care, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - M Douek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, London, UK
| | - J Kokan
- Cancer Resource Centre, Macclesfield Hospital, Macclesfield, UK
| | - P Sinai
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - M T King
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Spillane
- Poche Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Snook
- Poche Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Boyle
- Poche Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J French
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Elder
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Chalmers
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Kabir
- The Crown Princess Mary Westmead Breast Cancer Centre and Specialist Services, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - A Wong
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - H Flay
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J Scarlet
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J Weis
- University of Freiburg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - J Giesler
- University of Freiburg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - B Bliem
- Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E Nagele
- Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - V Andrade
- Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | - F Bonnetain
- Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | - S William-Jones
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - A Fleet
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - S Hathaway
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Clinical Research Network, West Midlands, Queen-s Hospital, Burton upon Trent, UK
| | - M Galea
- Cancer Research Unit, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
| | - J Dodge
- Cancer Research Unit, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
| | - A Chaudhy
- Cancer Research Unit, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
| | | | - L Cook
- Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - P Turton
- Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A Henson
- Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - J Gibb
- Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R Bonomi
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals, Worthing, UK
| | - S Funnell
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals, Worthing, UK
| | - C Noren
- Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals, Worthing, UK
| | - J Ooi
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - S Cocks
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - L Dawson
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - H Patel
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - L Bailey
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | | | | | - S Kirk
- Salford Royal Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - J Smith
- Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
| | - R Prasad
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - A Doran
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - A Power
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | | | - J Cannon
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - S Latham
- Royal AlbertEdward Infirmary, Wigan, UK
| | - P Arora
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - S Ridgway
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - M Coulding
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - R Roberts
- Tameside General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - M Absar
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - T Hodgkiss
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - K Connolly
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Johnson
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - K Doyle
- North ManchesterGeneral Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - N Lunt
- Cancer Resource Centre, Macclesfield Hospital, Macclesfield, UK
| | - M Cooper
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - I Fuchs
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - L Peall
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - L Taylor
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Nicholson
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahmed Z, Pauszek SJ, Ludi A, LaRocco M, Khan EUH, Afzal M, Arshed MJ, Farooq U, Arzt J, Bertram M, Brito B, Naeem K, Abubakar M, Rodriguez LL. Genetic diversity and comparison of diagnostic tests for characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains from Pakistan 2008-2012. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:534-546. [PMID: 29034593 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the laboratory analysis of 125 clinical samples from suspected cases of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and Asian buffalo collected in Pakistan between 2008 and 2012. Of these samples, 89 were found to contain viral RNA by rRT-PCR, of which 88 were also found to contain infectious FMD virus (FMDV) by virus isolation (VI), with strong correlation between these tests (κ = 0.96). Samples that were VI-positive were serotyped by antigen detection ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and VP1 sequence acquisition and analysis. Sequence data identified FMDV serotypes A (n = 13), O (n = 36) and Asia-1 (n = 41), including three samples from which both serotypes Asia-1 and O were detected. Serotype A viruses were classified within three different Iran-05 sublineages: HER-10, FAR-11 and ESF-10. All serotype Asia-1 were within Group VII (Sindh-08 lineage), in a genetic clade that differs from viruses isolated prior to 2010. All serotypes O were classified as PanAsia-2 within two different sublineages: ANT-10 and BAL-09. Using VP1 sequencing as the gold standard for serotype determination, the overall sensitivity of Ag-ELISA to correctly determine serotype was 74%, and serotype-specific sensitivity was 8% for serotype A, 88% for Asia-1 and 89% for O. Serotype-specific specificity was 100% for serotype A, 93% for Asia-1 and 94% for O. Interestingly, 12 of 13 serotype A viruses were not detected by Ag-ELISA. This study confirms earlier accounts of regional genetic diversity of FMDV in Pakistan and highlights the importance of continued validation of diagnostic tests for rapidly evolving pathogens such as FMDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmed
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S J Pauszek
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - A Ludi
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M LaRocco
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - E-U-H Khan
- Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M J Arshed
- Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - U Farooq
- Animal Health Program, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Arzt
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - M Bertram
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - B Brito
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - K Naeem
- Animal Health Program, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Abubakar
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - L L Rodriguez
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmed MH, Ullah MI, Raza ABM, Afzal M, Khaliq A, Iftikhar Y, Aatif HM. Population Dynamics of Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) in Relation to Abiotic Climate Factors on Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Cultivars. PAK J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.6.1937.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Haddad D, Patel D, Afzal M, Godara H, Badin A, Hummel J, Kalbfleisch S, Houmsse M, Tyler J, Liu Z, Weiss R, Augostini R, Daoud E, Okabe T. P985Clinical decision making for pacemaker implantation following TAVR: lessons from a large single-institution cohort. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux151.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
21
|
Panakkal JP, Afzal M, Bhatt RB, Prakash A, Mishra AK, Kumar S, Kamath HS. Fabrication of (U-Pu) Mixed-Oxide Fuel for Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt12-a14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Panakkal
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| | - M. Afzal
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| | - R. B. Bhatt
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| | - A. Prakash
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| | - A. K. Mishra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| | - S. Kumar
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| | - H. S. Kamath
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Advanced Fuel Fabrication Facility Tarapur Complex, India 401 502
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mortenson JA, Khan EHH, Ali I, Manzoor S, Jamil A, Abubakar M, Afzal M, Hussain M. Evaluation of foot and mouth vaccination for yak (Bos grunniens) in Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:691-695. [PMID: 28247287 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In northern Pakistan, many farming communities rely on domestic yak (Bos grunniens) as a principle source of income. A 2006 participatory disease surveillance report from this region indicated that foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most prevalent annual disease of yak. Our objectives of this study were to determine exposure levels of yak to FMD virus; implement a vaccination program based on current, regional FMD virus serotypes and subtypes; and quantify immune responses following vaccination. Blood samples were used to determine pre-vaccination exposure of animals to FMD virus by antibody presence to non-structural proteins of FMD virus using a 3-ABC trapping indirect ELISA. Vaccine used consisted of FMD serotypes 'O' (PanAsia-2), 'A' (Iran-05), and 'Asia-1' (Shamir), but changed later during the study to match newly circulating viruses in the country ('O'-PanAsia-2; 'A'-Turk-06 and Asia-1-Sindh-08). Three hundred sixty-three blood samples were tested from selected villages to determine pre-vaccination FMD virus exposure in yak with an average of 37.7%. Immune responses from initial vaccination and booster dose 30 days later showed clear protective levels (as mean percent inhibition) of antibodies against structural proteins of serotypes 'O,' 'A,' and 'Asia-1.' These responses remained above threshold positive level even at day 210 following initial vaccination. Results of sero-surveillance and anecdotal information of repeated FMD outbreaks demonstrate the persistence of FMD virus of yak in northern Pakistan. Laboratory results and field observations clearly indicated that yak can be protected against FMD with a good quality vaccine with FMD serotype(s) matching current, regionally circulating FMD virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Mortenson
- USDA, APHIS, International Services, US Embassy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - E H Haq Khan
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Ali
- Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Development Department, Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - S Manzoor
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Jamil
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Abubakar
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- FAO, Progressive Control of FMD Project, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Saleem M, Afzal M, Mahmood F, Ali A. Surface Characterization and Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Pr, Nd and Er on Alumina from Aqueous Solution. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026361749200900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The porous nature of alumina has been investigated using various techniques. The values obtained for moisture content, surface area, pore volume, average particle size and porosity were 22%, 116 m2/g, 0.76 cm3/g, 17.0±0.5 μm and 68.0%, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of NdIII, PrIII and ErIII on alumina from aqueous solution have been obtained at different temperatures. All these adsorption isotherms obey the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm equations. Thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy, entropy and enthalpy of adsorption have been computed and interpreted. It is noteworthy that the adsorption of PrIII and NdIII increases with decreasing temperature while the reverse is observed for ErIII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F. Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The adsorption of cobalt on lead dioxide from aqueous solutions has been optimized with respect to the shaking time, the amount of adsorbent, the pH and the concentration of adsorbate at 293 K. Under such optimum conditions, the adsorption of cobalt on lead dioxide has been studied at different temperatures and the process found to be endothermic with the distribution coefficient (KD) increasing with increasing temperature. The data fitted very well to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–adushkevich isotherms, allowing the corresponding constants to be calculated. Values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 were calculated from the slope and intercept of the plots of In KD versus 1/T. The value of ΔG0, which decreased with increasing temperature, showed that the adsorption is more favourable at higher temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S.M. Hasany
- Nuclear Chemistry Division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The adsorption of europium on activated charcoal has been studied as a function of shaking time, pH, concentration of adsorbate and temperature. The adsorption of europium obeys the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Thermodynamic quantities such as ΔH0 and ΔS0 have been calculated from the slopes and intercepts of plots of In KD versus 1/T. The influence of different cations and anions on europium adsorption has been examined. The adsorption of other metal ions on activated charcoal has been investigated under specified conditions to check their selectivity for europium. As a result, europium has been successfully removed from a mixture containing Ba, Sr, Ru, Cs, Cr, Nd, Pr and In. Approximately 96% of the europium adsorbed on the activated charcoal was recovered using 45 ml of 3 M HNO3. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used for measuring the europium concentration.
Collapse
|
27
|
Khattak A, Afzal M, Saleem M, Yasmeen G, Afzal J. Adsorption of n-Aliphatic Alcohols in the Determination of Surface Areas of Metal-Doped Alumina Samples. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026361749901700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Khattak
- Department of chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan. Pakistan
| | - M. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - G. Yasmeen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J. Afzal
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Research, P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The concentration of potentially toxic chromium metal ions in sediments and liquid waste samples from selected tanneries was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with nitric acid. The data obtained revealed the presence of elevated levels of chromium metal ions in waste samples relative to the NEQS (National Environmental Quality Standards) require-ments. A new process entitled IERECHROM (Ion Exchange REmoval of CHROMium) has been developed for the removal and separation of chromium ions from sediments using zeolite-3A. The factors affecting chromium ion removal include exchanger concentration, pH, shaking time and temperature. The applicability of the Freundlich. Dubinin–Radushkevich and virial isotherm equations to the system has been examined. The thermodynamic parameters °LH0, °LG0 and °LS0 were calculated using the virial isotherm expression. The results suggest that natural aluminosilicates such as zeolite-3A can be utilised as low-cost ion-exchange and sorbent materials because of their selectivities for the removal of chromium ions and various other heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajira Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University. Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - M. Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University. Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - M. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University. Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - H. Ahmad
- Dr A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories. P.O. Box 502. Rawalpindi. Pakistan
| | - S.T. Hussain
- Dr A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories. P.O. Box 502. Rawalpindi. Pakistan
| | - Jawaad Afzal
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Research. P.O. Box 577. Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The black cumin or Nigella sativa L. seeds have many acclaimed medicinal properties such as bronchodilatory, hypotensive, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunopotentiating. This review article is an update on the previous article published on Nigella sativa L. in this journal in 1999. It covers the medicinal properties and chemical syntheses of the alkaloids isolated from the seeds of the herb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Akram Khan
- Biomolecular Science Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - M Afzal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fatima K, Imran A, Amin I, Khan QM, Afzal M. Plant species affect colonization patterns and metabolic activity of associated endophytes during phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6188-6196. [PMID: 26606932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants coupled with endophytic bacteria hold great potential for the remediation of polluted environment. The colonization patterns and activity of inoculated endophytes in rhizosphere and endosphere of host plant are among the primary factors that may influence the phytoremediation process. However, these colonization patterns and metabolic activity of the inoculated endophytes are in turn controlled by none other than the host plant itself. The present study aims to determine such an interaction specifically for plant-endophyte systems remediating crude oil-contaminated soil. A consortium (AP) of two oil-degrading endophytic bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. strain BRSI56 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BRRI54) was inoculated to two grasses, Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca, vegetated in crude oil-contaminated soil. Colonization patterns and metabolic activity of the endophytes were monitored in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the plants. Bacterial augmentation enhanced plant growth and crude oil degradation. Maximum crude oil degradation (78%) was achieved with B. mutica plants inoculated with AP consortium. This degradation was significantly higher than those treatments, where plants and bacteria were used individually or L. fusca and endophytes were used in combination. Moreover, colonization and metabolic activity of the endophytes were higher in the rhizosphere and endosphere of B. mutica than L. fusca. The plant species affected not only colonization pattern and biofilm formation of the inoculated bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the host plant but also affected the expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, alkB. Hence, the investigation revealed that plant species can affect colonization patterns and metabolic activity of inoculated endophytic bacteria and ultimately the phytoremediation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fatima
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Imran
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Amin
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Q M Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Winters ZE, Afzal M, Balta V, Freeman J, Llewellyn-Bennett R, Rayter Z, Cook J, Greenwood R, King MT. Patient-reported outcomes and their predictors at 2- and 3-year follow-up after immediate latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction and adjuvant treatment. Br J Surg 2016; 103:524-36. [PMID: 26924354 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the impact 2 and 3 years after surgery of implant-assisted latissimus dorsi (LDI) and autologous latissimus dorsi (ALD) flap breast reconstructions on patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and, secondarily, to determine whether baseline characteristics can predict PROs. METHODS This was a multicentre prospective cohort study. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and breast cancer module (QLQ-BR23), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast (FACT-B), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) PROs were completed before surgery and at 2 and 3 years after breast reconstruction. The effects of LDI and ALD, adjusted for baseline clinicodemographic characteristics, were estimated with multiple linear regressions. Effect sizes above 0·5 were considered clinically important. RESULTS Some 206 patients (LDI 93, ALD 113) were recruited in 2007-2013; 66·5 per cent were node-negative and 34·6 per cent received radiotherapy. Women with adverse clinicopathological factors were more likely to have received radiotherapy and to undergo ALD. Patients in both surgical groups showed clinically important effects at 2 and 3 years, including improvements in emotional scales, but worse physical functioning, social well-being, body image and anxiety. Radiotherapy adversely affected social functioning at 2 years (P = 0·002). Women undergoing ALD reconstruction had significantly improved sexual functioning at 3 years (P = 0·003) relative to those who had LDI procedures, even after adjusting for case mix (P = 0·007). At 3 years, younger women experienced worse physical well-being than older women (P = 0·006), and chemotherapy was associated with worse arm symptoms (P = 0·005). CONCLUSION Clinically important changes occurred in physical functioning, breast symptoms, body image and psychological distress. These results will guide selections of key PRO domains and sample-size calculation of future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z E Winters
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - M Afzal
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - V Balta
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - J Freeman
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - R Llewellyn-Bennett
- Breast Cancer Surgery Patient Reported and Clinical Outcomes Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Z Rayter
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J Cook
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - R Greenwood
- Research Design Service - South West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - M T King
- Quality of Life Office, School of Psychology and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Al-Beloshei NE, Al-Awadhi HA, Al-Khalaf RAR, Oommen S, Afzal M. Biocatalyzed transformation of progesterone by Geobacillus gargensis DSM 15378. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Afzal M, Malhotra M. 13 * AUDIT ON DRUG ERRORS IN A CARE OF THE ELDERLY WARD. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv029.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
34
|
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the complexities of chronotoxicity and chronopharmacology (time-of-day effects on the metabolism of environmental chemicals and therapeutic agents as related to chronobiology). The nature of the melatonin signal may modify the function of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum resulting in variations in the metabolism of xenobiotic chemicals. Concepts are explored for modification of exposure limits and/or Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) of industrial chemicals in risk assessment and health effects of workers on rotating shifts. The TLVs of chemicals may be changed during work shift schedules to minimize adverse health effects among workers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The toxicity of chemicals, and of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are both affected by nutrition and diet. Calorific excess (continuous feeding), or deficiency (fasting), may increase production of ROS, which are also formed by interaction of toxic chemicals with cytochromes P450 (CYP2E or futile cycling). Both ROS (GSH reductase and peroxidase) and toxic chemicals (S-transferases) are detoxified by GSH enzymes; ROS are scavenged by a system comprising GSH, ascorbic acid and tocopherols, which may be regenerated by NADPH. Dietary protein is necessary for GSH or enzyme replacement, lipids are required for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and prostanoid biosynthesis, lipotropes and phospholipids for synthesis of endoplasmic reticulum, and folate is needed for dug metabolizing activity. Among required minerals, Se is necessary as the essential component of the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase. Other dietary factors considered are the natural toxicants, gossypol, lathyrogens, glucosinolates, and saponins, and toxicants from food spoilage, food intoxication and food processing.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rizvi F, Qureshi A, Rajput A, Afzal M. Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (by DASS Scoring System) among Medical Students in Islamabad, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9734/bjmmr/2015/17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Baron J, Fishbourne E, Couacy-Hyman E, Abubakar M, Jones BA, Frost L, Herbert R, Chibssa TR, Van't Klooster G, Afzal M, Ayebazibwe C, Toye P, Bashiruddin J, Baron MD. Development and testing of a field diagnostic assay for peste des petits ruminants virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 61:390-6. [PMID: 25073647 PMCID: PMC4283758 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) under field conditions. The diagnostic assay has been tested in the laboratory and also under field conditions in Ivory Coast, Pakistan, Ethiopia and Uganda. The test is carried out on a superficial swab sample (ocular or nasal) and showed a sensitivity of 84% relative to PCR. The specificity was 95% over all nasal and ocular samples. The test detected as little as 103 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious doses) of cell culture-grown virus, and detected virus isolates representing all four known genetic lineages of peste des petits ruminants virus. Virus could be detected in swabs from animals as early as 4 days post-infection, at a time when clinical signs were minimal. Feedback from field trials was uniformly positive, suggesting that this diagnostic tool may be useful for current efforts to control the spread of PPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Baron
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alam S, Shah H, Afzal M, Magan N. Influence of calcium propionate, water activity and storage time on mold incidence and aflatoxins production in broiler starter feed. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most popular type of birth control pills. The study was designed to examine the biochemical changes which occur due to the use of oral contraceptive pills (OCs). The study was based on the questionnaire for having the information of any reproductive history fasting, age, health, nature of menstrual cycle, bleeding, disease etc and blood profiling for biochemical analysis of the women includes high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Lipid profiling was carried out by using a commercially available diagnostic test kits. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The results showed statistically significant differences among users of OCs compared to non-users. Total cholesterol (242.92 +/- 2.842 mg dL(-1)), HDL-C (58.65 +/- 1.098 mg dL(-1)), LDL-C (115.84 +/- 1.266 mg dL(-1)) and triglycerides (105.56 +/- 2.341 mg dL(-1)) were significantly higher compared to the non-users (Total cholesterol 218.49 +/- 1.762, HDL-C 48.17 +/- 0.543, LDL-C 100.321 +/- 0.951 and triglycerides 83.77 +/- 2.299 mg dL(-1)). The result suggests that OCs increase the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Naz
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (U.P), India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bennamoun L, Afzal M, Léonard A. Baker's Yeast Behavior during Vacuum Agitated Contact Drying. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
41
|
Richardson S, Thomas S, McDowell S, Hodson J, Afzal M, Coleman J. PP046—Medication self-administration in hospitalised patients: An evaluation using data from an electronic prescribing and medication administration system. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Richardson S, Thomas S, McDowell S, Hodson J, Afzal M, Nwulu U, Coleman J. PP010—Medication self-administration in hospitalised patients: an evaluation using data from an electronic prescribing and medication administration system. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Malik S, Ullah S, Afzal M, Lal K, Haque S. Clinical and descriptive genetic study of polydactyly: a Pakistani experience of 313 cases. Clin Genet 2013; 85:482-6. [PMID: 23772746 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polydactyly, a common hereditary condition with additional digits in hands and/or feet, is a very attractive model to appreciate clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In order to get an insight into its phenotypic manifestations, we ascertained a cohort of 313 independent families with polydactyly from Pakistan; 35% cases turned out to be familial while 65% were sporadic. In majority of the index cases, polydactyly was presented as an isolated digit defect. Preaxial polydactyly types were 48.24% and postaxial were 51.8%. Familial polydactylies mainly had bilateral and symmetrical presentations, whereas sporadic cases were mostly unilateral and less often symmetrical. In the 313 index subjects a total of 508 limbs with additional digits were recorded. Variable expression was evident as the involvement of upper limbs was more common than the lower, right hand than the left, and left foot than the right. The present cohort establishes interesting epidemiological attributes of polydactyly in the Pakistani population and highlights its extraordinary clinical heterogeneity. Molecular analyses of this cohort are anticipated to elucidate novel genetic factors involved in the origin of additional digits in the growing limb and may provide clues to the role of stochastic factors in the etiology of phenotypic variability in polydactyly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- T Beg
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Jamal SM, Shah SI, Ali Q, Mehmood A, Afzal M, Afzal M, Dekker A. Proper quality control of formulated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in countries with prophylactic vaccination is necessary. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 61:483-9. [PMID: 23305464 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered as an important tool to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). A good quality vaccine containing relevant serotypes and matching strains is a pre-requisite for vaccination to be effective. The present study investigated the quality of different brands of FMD vaccine available in Pakistan, including three locally produced and two imported products. All the vaccines were found free of bacterial or fungal contamination. No adverse effects were noted in suckling mice and buffalo calves inoculated with the vaccines, showing that the vaccines were sterile and safe. The humoral immune response to the FMD vaccines was determined in buffalo calves for 234 days post-vaccination. Very low humoral immune responses against FMD serotypes O, A and Asia 1 viruses were detected to the locally produced vaccines. The imported vaccines, however, elicited a higher antibody response which persisted for a long period in one of the 2 vaccines. The present study highlights the need of assessing an independent vaccine quality control of finished FMD vaccine products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Jamal
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan; Ministry of National Food Security & Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Khan A, Yousaf M, Rehman H, Zaneb H, Pasha T, Fatima N, Khushal A, Ijaz A, Ashraf K, Afzal M. Response of maternally isolated rock pigeons (Columba livia domestica) to different dietary concentrations of mannan-oligosaccharide. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1598-603. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
48
|
Isa M, Iqbal K, Afzal M, Buzdar S, Chow J. Poster - Thur Eve - 60: Physical and dynamic wedges in radiotherapy for rectal cancer: A dosimetric comparison. Med Phys 2012; 39:4636. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4740168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
49
|
Afzal M, Hassan A, Chaudhry S, Majidi S, Suri M, Qureshi A. Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment for Mycotic Intracranial Aneurysms (P05.252). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
50
|
Safer AM, Afzal M, Nomani A, Sosamma O, Mousa SA. Curative propensity of green tea extract towards hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4): A histopathological study. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:781-786. [PMID: 22969968 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis constitutes a serious insult to the liver, with a substantial negative impact on the quality of life of such patients worldwide. It is a consequence of severe liver damage and occurs as the result of several factors. Chronic alcoholism is the most common cause. Fibrosis also results from chronic viral hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) can also lead to fibrosis. In the present study, the hepato-protective effects of green tea extract (GTE) on hepatic fibrosis in a rat liver CCl(4)-induced fibrosis model were examined histologically, 3-dimensionally and biochemically. GTE was prepared from dried green tea leaves and lyophilized. Male albino rats (n=20) weighing 200-250 g were divided into four groups: GI, control; GII, administered 50 mg/kg GTE dissolved in physiological saline daily for four weeks; GIII, administered 40% CCl(4) (1 ml/kg body weight) by subcutaneous injection daily for four weeks; and GIV, treated as GIII, followed by 50 mg/kg GTE dissolved in physiological saline daily for 4 weeks. Histology and 3-dimensional scanning electron microscopy showed hepatic fibrosis with intermingled fibers located between cells in the liver tissues of the CCl(4)-treated rats. Fibrotic lesions virtually disappeared after four weeks of treatment with GTE, returning the architecture of liver tissue back to its normal state. Also, the levels of the hepatic enzymes alanine aminotranferase and aspartate aminotransferase returned to their normal levels after treatment with GTE. The rats were found to regain their normal body weight and their fur color, which had faded due to weight loss. The autopsy results showed the animal liver returning to normal shape and color. Thus, green tea extract is a potent treatment for hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl(4) in this animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Safer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|