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Sukumaran M, Cantrell DR, D'Agostino C, Jahromi BS, Ansari SA, Potts MB. Bivalirudin as a substitute for heparin in neurointervention for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107310. [PMID: 38636321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a known complication of heparin exposure with potentially life-threatening sequelae. Direct thrombin inhibitors can be substituted for heparin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia that require anticoagulation. However, the use of direct thrombin inhibitors as a substitute for heparin has not been widely reported in the neuroendovascular literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we report the first use of the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin in a neuroendovascular procedure as a substitute for heparin in a patient with a ruptured pseudoaneurysm and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and review the literature on the use of bivalirudin and argatroban for such patients. RESULTS Bivalirudin was safely and effectively used in the case reported, with no thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications. Our literature review revealed a paucity of studies on the use of heparin alternatives, including bivalirudin, in neuroendovascular procedures in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an important iatrogenic disease process in patients undergoing neuroendovascular procedures, and developing protocols to diagnose and manage heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is important for healthcare systems. While further research needs to be done to establish the full range of anticoagulation options to substitute for heparin, our case indicates bivalirudin as a potential candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Sukumaran
- Clinical Fellow, Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Donald R Cantrell
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Northwestern Medicine, United States
| | | | - Babak S Jahromi
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Radiology, Northwestern Medicine, United States
| | - Sameer A Ansari
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Radiology, Northwestern Medicine, United States
| | - Matthew B Potts
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Neurology, and Radiology, Northwestern Medicine, United States
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Kappel AD, Feroze AH, Torio E, Sukumaran M, Du R. Management of moyamoya disease: a review of current and future therapeutic strategies. J Neurosurg 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38626477 DOI: 10.3171/2024.1.jns221977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by idiopathic, progressive stenosis of the circle of Willis and the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries with the development of prominent small collateral vessels and a characteristic moyamoya or puff-of-smoke radiographic appearance. The incidence and prevalence of MMD varies by region, age, and sex, with higher rates in Asian and East Asian populations compared to North American or European populations. There is a bimodal distribution of patients diagnosed with MMD. Pediatric patients are more commonly diagnosed within the 1st decade of life, whereas adult patients present in the 5th or 6th decade of life. Overall, there is a nearly 2:1 female-to-male ratio. Ischemic symptoms are the most common presentation in pediatric and adult populations, but adult patients are nearly twice as likely to present with intracranial hemorrhage compared to their pediatric counterparts. Surgical revascularization is indicated in symptomatic cases, and antiplatelet therapy may be a useful adjunct to prevent recurrent symptoms. Direct and combined bypass procedures seem to be more effective in adults, whereas children respond well to indirect bypass. The identification of key genetic, molecular, and environmental factors including RNF213 and GUCY1A3 loss-of-function mutations, angiogenic growth factors, autoantibodies, CNS infections, and radiation exposure suggest multiple pathways for the development of moyamoya arteriopathy. Further research is needed to better understand the heterogeneity of pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to moyamoya and to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent, stabilize, and treat MMD.
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Sukumaran M, Mao Q, Cantrell DR, Jahromi BS, Potts MB. Holohemispheric Prostate Carcinoma Dural Metastasis Mimicking Subdural Hematoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Neurol Surg Rep 2022; 83:e23-e28. [PMID: 35273900 PMCID: PMC8904147 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinomas are the most common malignancy to metastasize to the dura. These metastases can commonly mimic subdural hematomas and may similarly present with brain compression. The optimal management and outcomes after surgical management are not well characterized. We present a case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the dura that was initially thought to be a large isodense subdural hematoma and was treated with surgical decompression. We also review the literature regarding prostate dural metastases mimicking subdural hematomas and discuss the relevant imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes. Dural metastasis should be considered when a patient with known metastatic prostate cancer presents with imaging evidence of a subdural mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Sukumaran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Donald R Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Babak S Jahromi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Matthew B Potts
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Miller LE, Mohan S, Essayed WI, Sukumaran M, Mirshahi S, Rabinov JD, Du R, Rettig EM. Embolization of the internal maxillary artery via open retrograde superficial temporal artery approach. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab508. [PMID: 34804488 PMCID: PMC8599046 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentinel bleeds in head and neck cancer patients present as an ominous symptom often necessitating urgent endovascular embolization. However, this approach can be complicated in patients who have previously undergone head and neck cancer ablation and reconstruction, thus altering the standard arterial vascular supply. Herein we describe an innovative method of internal maxillary artery (IMA) access in a patient with a sentinel bleed who previously underwent proximal external carotid artery (ECA) rerouting for free flap reconstruction. The open retrograde superficial temporal artery approach for IMA embolization is minimally invasive and effective and should be considered for head and neck cancer patients at risk of hemorrhage from distal ECA branches without a proximal ECA embolization option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Miller
- Correspondence address. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Tel: +1-(419)-516-7235; E-mail:
| | - Suresh Mohan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walid I Essayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shervin Mirshahi
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Rabinov
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleni M Rettig
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Potts MB, Abdalla RN, Golnari P, Sukumaran M, Palmer AH, Hurley MC, Shaibani A, Jahromi BS, Ansari SA. Analysis of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke on Nights and Weekends Versus Weekdays at Comprehensive Stroke Centers. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105632. [PMID: 33517033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The "weekend effect" has been shown to affect outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. We sought to compare metrics and outcomes of emergent stroke thrombectomy at three affiliated comprehensive stroke centers on weekdays versus nights/weekends for a three-year period beginning in 2015, when thrombectomy became common practice for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all stroke thrombectomy patients treated from 2015 to 2018 to compare standard thrombectomy metrics and outcomes in patients presenting during weekdays or nights/weekends. RESULTS Two hundred-sixteen mechanical thrombectomy cases were evaluated, with 50.9% of patients presenting on weekdays and 49.1% presenting on nights/weekends. There were no statistical differences in baseline characteristics in demographics, stroke risk factors, or stroke severity, but patients presenting on nights/weekends had longer times from last known normal to presentation (130 versus 72.5 minutes, p=0.03). Door-to-groin times were delayed in patients presenting on nights/weekends compared to weekdays (median 104.5 versus 86 minutes, respectively; p=0.007) but groin-to-reperfusion times were similar (51.5 versus 48 minutes, respectively; p=0.4). Successful reperfusion was similar in both groups (90.6% nights/weekends versus 90% weekdays; p=1.0) as were the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (10.4% nights/weekend versus 7.3% weekdays; p=0.48) and 90-day good functional outcomes based on the modified Rankin Scale did not differ between the two groups in a shift analysis (p=0.545). CONCLUSIONS Despite delays in door-to-groin puncture times in acute ischemic stroke patients presenting on nights/weekends compared to weekdays, we did not identify significant differences in successful reperfusion or functional outcomes in this cohort. Further studies are warranted to continue to evaluate differences in stroke care on nights/weekends versus weekdays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Potts
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Ramez N Abdalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Pedram Golnari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Aaron H Palmer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Michael C Hurley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Ali Shaibani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Babak S Jahromi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Sameer A Ansari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Department of Neurology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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Nazari P, Golnari P, Sukumaran M, Shaibani A, Hurley MC, Ansari SA, Potts MB, Jahromi BS. Spontaneous Thrombosis of a Middle Meningeal Arteriovenous Fistula With Subsequent Pseudoaneurysm Formation: Case Report and Review of Literature. Neurosurgery Open 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuopn/okaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Middle meningeal artery (MMA) pseudoaneurysms and middle meningeal arteriovenous fistulas (MMAVFs) are rarely reported after head injury. We report an unusual case of delayed MMA pseudoaneurysm formation after spontaneous thrombosis of an MMAVF, and review existing literature on MMAVF treatment and results.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 59-yr-old male presented with a 5-d history of worsening left-sided headaches, followed by nausea, lethargy, and difficulty with speech. Non-contrast computed tomography demonstrated a left temporal intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and an acute left-sided subdural hematoma (SDH). Cerebral angiography found abnormal shunting between the right MMA and the right sphenoparietal sinus, consistent with an MMAVF. During the course of admission, the patient's neurological condition deteriorated requiring craniotomy for evacuation of SDH and IPH. Given the presumed incidental nature of the contralateral MMAVF, conservative management was recommended. Follow-up imaging 2 mo after surgery revealed spontaneous thrombosis of the right MMAV. Repeat imaging 5 mo later revealed an MMA pseudoaneurysm at the prior fistulous site, which was subsequently embolized with Onyx, occluding the pseudoaneurysm and the MMA both proximal and distal to the pseudoaneurysm.
CONCLUSION
Spontaneous thrombosis of an MMAVF is rare and only seen in 13.1% of cases. However, subsequent delayed formation of an MMA pseudoaneurysm has not been described. Our case therefore demonstrates that MMAVF thrombosis may not indicate complete healing of the underlying injury to the MMA, and suggests the need for continued follow-up of such lesions despite initial apparent resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Nazari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedram Golnari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Shaibani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael C Hurley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sameer A Ansari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew B Potts
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Babak S Jahromi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Kalluri AG, Sukumaran M, Nazari P, Golnari P, Ansari SA, Hurley MC, Shaibani A, Jahromi BS, Potts MB. Retrospective review of 290 small carotid cave aneurysms over 17 years. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1-5. [PMID: 31628282 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.jns191471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The carotid cave is a unique intradural region located along the medial aspect of the internal carotid artery. Small carotid cave aneurysms confined within this space are bound by the carotid sulcus of the sphenoid bone and are thought to have a low risk of rupture or growth. However, there is a lack of data on the natural history of this subset of aneurysms. METHODS The authors present a retrospective case series of 290 small (≤ 4 mm) carotid cave aneurysms evaluated and managed at their institution between January 2000 and June 2017. RESULTS No patient presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage attributable to a carotid cave aneurysm, and there were no instances of aneurysm rupture or growth during 911.0 aneurysm-years of clinical follow-up or 726.3 aneurysm-years of imaging follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This series demonstrates the benign nature of small carotid cave aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind G Kalluri
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pouya Nazari
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedram Golnari
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sameer A Ansari
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael C Hurley
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Shaibani
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Babak S Jahromi
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew B Potts
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Abstract
Resection of a giant pre-sacral schwannoma originating from the right S2 nerve in a 22-year-old woman illustrates the potential for robotic surgery. The da Vinci Robot Surgical System facilitates visualization deep in the pelvis and allows for bimanual wristed instrument control to dissect the tumor from surrounding sensitive structures. Neurostimulation to identify critical nerves is possible and complete resection of the tumor can be achieved. There were no complications, she remained neurologically intact, the estimated blood loss was less than 75 ml, the total hospital stay was 3 days, and she returned to work within 2 weeks of her operation. In select patients, robot-assisted surgery may have advantages.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/SYjUA-WcyGI.
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Pelkey K, Barksdale E, Craig M, Yuan X, Sukumaran M, Vargish G, Mitchell R, Wyeth M, Petralia R, Chittajallu R, Karlsson RM, Cameron H, Murata Y, Colonnese M, Worley P, McBain C. Pentraxins Coordinate Excitatory Synapse Maturation and Circuit Integration of Parvalbumin Interneurons. Neuron 2016; 90:661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Bhakya S, Muthukrishnan S, Sukumaran M, Grijalva M, Cumbal L, Franklin Benjamin JH, Senthil Kumar T, Rao MV. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles – an experimental report. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, use of a Helicteres isora stem bark extract for the biosynthesis of AgNPs is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bhakya
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology
- Rajah Serfoji Govt. College (Autonomous)
- Thanjavur-613 005
- India
| | - S. Muthukrishnan
- Department of Plant Science
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
| | - M. Sukumaran
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology
- Rajah Serfoji Govt. College (Autonomous)
- Thanjavur-613 005
- India
| | - M. Grijalva
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
- Sangolqui
- Ecuador
| | - L. Cumbal
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
- Sangolqui
- Ecuador
| | | | - T. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Industry University Collaboration
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
| | - M. V. Rao
- Department of Plant Science
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
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11
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Bhakya S, Muthukrishnan S, Sukumaran M, Muthukumar M. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Abstract
OBJECT
Xanthogranulomas are rare inflammatory masses most often found in the skin and eye. The incidence of intracranial xanthogranulomas is 1.6%–7%, with those found in the sellar and parasellar region being exceedingly rare and their etiology controversial. Sellar and parasellar xanthogranulomas are rarely reported in the western hemisphere, and their incidence in Western countries is unknown.
METHODS
A prospectively acquired database of all endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeries performed at Weill Cornell Medical College was queried. Patients with histologically confirmed xanthogranulomas who were diagnosed and treated between 2003 and 2013 were included in the study. Patient history, demographic data, histological findings, and surgical approach were also evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 643 endonasal endoscopic procedures had been performed at the time of this study. Four patients (0.6%) were identified as having a histologically confirmed xanthogranuloma of the parasellar region, compared with an incidence of 6.7% for craniopharyngioma (CP) and 2% for Rathke cleft cyst (RCC). The most common symptom was visual loss, followed by headache. Preoperative diagnosis was CP in all cases. All patients underwent extended endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with gross-total resection. Two patients developed panhypopituitarism after surgery. There were no CSF leaks. The mean follow-up was 61 months, at which time there were no recurrences. The key histological features differentiating xanthogranulomas from CPs were accumulation of foamy macrophages, multinucleated foreign body giant cells, cholesterol clefts, and hemosiderin deposits without stratified squamous epithelium. These histological features appear commonly as part of the spectrum of a secondary inflammatory response in an RCC.
CONCLUSIONS
Parasellar xanthogranulomas most closely approximate CPs clinically but pathological evidence may suggest an RCC origin. Gross-total resection can be achieved through extended endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches, and is curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redi Rahmani
- 1Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- 2Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Angela M. Donaldson
- 6Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Theodore H. Schwartz
- Departments of 3Neurological Surgery,
- 5Neuroscience, and
- 6Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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13
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Pelkey KA, Barksdale E, Craig MT, Yuan X, Sukumaran M, Vargish GA, Mitchell RM, Wyeth MS, Petralia RS, Chittajallu R, Karlsson RM, Cameron HA, Murata Y, Colonnese MT, Worley PF, McBain CJ. Pentraxins coordinate excitatory synapse maturation and circuit integration of parvalbumin interneurons. Neuron 2015; 85:1257-72. [PMID: 25754824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Circuit computation requires precision in the timing, extent, and synchrony of principal cell (PC) firing that is largely enforced by parvalbumin-expressing, fast-spiking interneurons (PVFSIs). To reliably coordinate network activity, PVFSIs exhibit specialized synaptic and membrane properties that promote efficient afferent recruitment such as expression of high-conductance, rapidly gating, GluA4-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs). We found that PVFSIs upregulate GluA4 during the second postnatal week coincident with increases in the AMPAR clustering proteins NPTX2 and NPTXR. Moreover, GluA4 is dramatically reduced in NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice with consequent reductions in PVFSI AMPAR function. Early postnatal NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice exhibit delayed circuit maturation with a prolonged critical period permissive for giant depolarizing potentials. Juvenile NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice display reduced feedforward inhibition yielding a circuit deficient in rhythmogenesis and prone to epileptiform discharges. Our findings demonstrate an essential role for NPTXs in controlling network dynamics highlighting potential therapeutic targets for disorders with inhibition/excitation imbalances such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Barksdale
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael T Craig
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Vargish
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert M Mitchell
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan S Wyeth
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rose-Marie Karlsson
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasunobu Murata
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Donaldson A, Anand V, Rahmani R, Sukumaran M, Lavi E, Schwart T. Parasellar Xanthogranulomas: A Case Report. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Dutta A, Shrivastava IH, Sukumaran M, Greger IH, Bahar I. Comparative dynamics of NMDA- and AMPA-glutamate receptor N-terminal domains. Structure 2012; 20:1838-49. [PMID: 22959625 PMCID: PMC3496038 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) harbor two extracellular domains: the membrane-proximal ligand-binding domain (LBD) and the distal N-terminal domain (NTD). These are involved in signal sensing: the LBD binds L-glutamate, which activates the receptor channel. Ligand binding to the NTD modulates channel function in the NMDA receptor subfamily of iGluRs, which has not been observed for the AMPAR subfamily to date. Structural data suggest that AMPAR NTDs are packed into tight dimers and have lost their signaling potential. Here, we assess NTD dynamics from both subfamilies, using a variety of computational tools. We describe the conformational motions that underly NMDAR NTD allosteric signaling. Unexpectedly, AMPAR NTDs are capable of undergoing similar dynamics; although dimerization imposes restrictions, the two subfamilies sample similar, interconvertible conformational subspaces. Finally, we solve the crystal structure of AMPAR GluA4 NTD, and combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we characterize regions pivotal for an as-yet-unexplored dynamic spectrum of AMPAR NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Dutta
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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16
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Abstract
Glutamate-gated ion channels (iGluRs) predominantly operate as heterotetramers to mediate excitatory neurotransmission at glutamatergic synapses. The subunit composition of the receptors determines their targeting to synaptic sites and signalling properties and is therefore a fundamental parameter for neuronal computations. iGluRs assemble as obligatory or preferential heteromers; the mechanisms underlying this selective assembly are only starting to emerge. Here we review recent work in the field and provide an in-depth update on atomic determinants in the assembly domains, which have been facilitated by recent advances in iGluR structural biology. We also discuss the role of alternative RNA processing in the ligand-binding domain, which modulates a central subunit interface and has the capacity to modulate receptor formation in response to external cues. Finally, we review the emerging physiological significance of signalling via distinct iGluR heterotetramers and provide examples of how recruitment of functionally diverse receptors modulates excitatory neurotransmission under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Sukumaran
- Laboratory of Cellular and Synaptic MRC LMB and Neurophysiology, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Rossmann M, Sukumaran M, Penn AC, Veprintsev DB, Babu MM, Greger IH. Subunit-selective N-terminal domain associations organize the formation of AMPA receptor heteromers. EMBO J 2011; 30:959-71. [PMID: 21317873 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) into distinct ion channel tetramers ultimately governs the nature of information transfer at excitatory synapses. How cells regulate the formation of diverse homo- and heteromeric AMPARs is unknown. Using a sensitive biophysical approach, we show that the extracellular, membrane-distal AMPAR N-terminal domains (NTDs) orchestrate selective routes of heteromeric assembly via a surprisingly wide spectrum of subunit-specific association affinities. Heteromerization is dominant, occurs at the level of the dimer, and results in a preferential incorporation of the functionally critical GluA2 subunit. Using a combination of structure-guided mutagenesis and electrophysiology, we further map evolutionarily variable hotspots in the NTD dimer interface, which modulate heteromerization capacity. This 'flexibility' of the NTD not only explains why heteromers predominate but also how GluA2-lacking, Ca(2+)-permeable homomers could form, which are induced under specific physiological and pathological conditions. Our findings reveal that distinct NTD properties set the stage for the biogenesis of functionally diverse pools of homo- and heteromeric AMPAR tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rossmann
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Sukumaran M, Rossmann M, Shrivastava I, Dutta A, Bahar I, Greger IH. Dynamics and allosteric potential of the AMPA receptor N-terminal domain. EMBO J 2011; 30:972-82. [PMID: 21317871 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate receptors, iGluRs) sense the extracellular milieu via an extensive extracellular portion, comprised of two clamshell-shaped segments. The distal, N-terminal domain (NTD) has allosteric potential in NMDA-type iGluRs, which has not been ascribed to the analogous domain in AMPA receptors (AMPARs). In this study, we present new structural data uncovering dynamic properties of the GluA2 and GluA3 AMPAR NTDs. GluA3 features a zipped-open dimer interface with unconstrained lower clamshell lobes, reminiscent of metabotropic GluRs (mGluRs). The resulting labile interface supports interprotomer rotations, which can be transmitted to downstream receptor segments. Normal mode analysis reveals two dominant mechanisms of AMPAR NTD motion: intraprotomer clamshell motions and interprotomer counter-rotations, as well as accessible interconversion between AMPAR and mGluR conformations. In addition, we detect electron density for a potential ligand in the GluA2 interlobe cleft, which may trigger lobe motions. Together, these data support a dynamic role for the AMPAR NTDs, which widens the allosteric landscape of the receptor and could provide a novel target for ligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Sukumaran
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Burke V, Williams C, Sukumaran M, Kim SS, Li H, Wang XH, Gorny MK, Zolla-Pazner S, Kong XP. Structural basis of the cross-reactivity of genetically related human anti-HIV-1 mAbs: implications for design of V3-based immunogens. Structure 2009; 17:1538-46. [PMID: 19913488 PMCID: PMC3683248 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human monoclonal antibodies 447-52D and 537-10D, both coded by the VH3 gene and specific for the third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 gp120, were found to share antigen-binding structural elements including an elongated CDR H3 forming main-chain interactions with the N terminus of the V3 crown. However, water-mediated hydrogen bonds and a unique cation-pi sandwich stacking allow 447-52D to be broadly reactive with V3 containing both the GPGR and GPGQ crown motifs, while the deeper binding pocket and a buried Glu in the binding site of 537-10D limit its reactivity to only V3 containing the GPGR motif. Our results suggest that the design of immunogens for anti-V3 antibodies should avoid the Arg at the V3 crown, as GPGR-containing epitopes appear to select for B cells making antibodies of narrower specificity than V3 that carry Gln at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valicia Burke
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Constance Williams
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Huiguang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010
| | - Miroslaw K. Gorny
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
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20
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Kherlopian AR, Gerrein JP, Yue M, Kim KE, Kim JW, Sukumaran M, Sajda P. Electrooculogram based system for computer control using a multiple feature classification model. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:1295-8. [PMID: 17946887 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the creation of a system for computer-aided communication through automated analysis and processing of electrooculogram signals. In situations of disease or trauma, there may be an inability to communicate with others through standard means such as speech or typing. Eye movement tends to be one of the last remaining active muscle capabilities for people with neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. Thus, there is a need for eye movement based systems to enable communication. To meet this need, the Telepathix system was designed to accept eye movement commands denoted by looking to the left, looking to the right, and looking straight ahead to navigate a virtual keyboard. Using a ternary virtual keyboard layout and a multiple feature classification model, a typing speed of 6 letters per minute was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen R Kherlopian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Sukumaran M, Waxman SG, Wood JN, Pachnis V. Flanking regulatory sequences of the locus encoding the murine GDNF receptor, c-ret, directs lac Z (beta-galactosidase) expression in developing somatosensory system. Dev Dyn 2001; 222:389-402. [PMID: 11747074 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RET forms the catalytic component within the receptor complex that transmits signals from the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. To study the mechanisms regulating the cell-type specific expression of this gene, we have cloned and characterised the murine c-ret locus. A cosmid contig comprising approximately 60 kb of the mouse genome encompassing the entire structural gene and flanking sequences have been isolated and the transcription initiation site identified and promoter characterised. The murine c-ret promoter lacks a TATA initiation motif and has GC enriched DNA sequences reminiscent of CpG islands. Analysis of transgenic mice lines bearing the Lac Z (beta-galactosidase) reporter gene under the control of 5' flanking sequences show modularity in the organisation of cis-regulatory domains within the locus. Cloned 5' flanking sequences comprise a distal regulatory domain directing Lac Z expression at the primitive streak, lateral mesoderm and facial ganglia and a proximal sensory neurones specific regulatory domain inducing Lac Z expression primarily within the developing somatosensory system. The spatial and temporal progression of transgene expression precisely recapitulates endogenous gene expression in developing sensory ganglia including its induction in postnatal Isolectin B4 binding nociceptive neurones.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/metabolism
- Base Sequence/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- Consensus Sequence/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins
- Embryo, Mammalian/physiology
- Ganglia, Sensory/embryology
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Genes, Regulator/genetics
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors
- Lac Operon/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Mice/embryology
- Mice/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic/genetics
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Nociceptors/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Spinal Cord/embryology
- Transcription Initiation Site/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sukumaran
- Division of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Taraviras S, Marcos-Gutierrez CV, Durbec P, Jani H, Grigoriou M, Sukumaran M, Wang LC, Hynes M, Raisman G, Pachnis V. Signalling by the RET receptor tyrosine kinase and its role in the development of the mammalian enteric nervous system. Development 1999; 126:2785-97. [PMID: 10331988 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.12.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RET is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily, which can transduce signalling by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) in cultured cells. In order to determine whether in addition to being sufficient, RET is also necessary for signalling by these growth factors, we studied the response to GDNF and NTN of primary neuronal cultures (peripheral sensory and central dopaminergic neurons) derived from wild-type and RET-deficient mice. Our experiments show that absence of a functional RET receptor abrogates the biological responses of neuronal cells to both GDNF and NTN. Despite the established role of the RET signal transduction pathway in the development of the mammalian enteric nervous system (ENS), very little is known regarding its cellular mechanism(s) of action. Here, we have studied the effects of GDNF and NTN on cultures of neural crest (NC)-derived cells isolated from the gut of rat embryos. Our findings suggest that GDNF and NTN promote the survival of enteric neurons as well as the survival, proliferation and differentiation of multipotential ENS progenitors present in the gut of E12.5-13.5 rat embryos. However, the effects of these growth factors are stage-specific, since similar ENS cultures established from later stage embryos (E14. 5–15.5), show markedly diminished response to GDNF and NTN. To examine whether the in vitro effects of RET activation reflect the in vivo function(s) of this receptor, the extent of programmed cell death was examined in the gut of wild-type and RET-deficient mouse embryos by TUNEL histochemistry. Our experiments show that a subpopulation of enteric NC undergoes apoptotic cell death specifically in the foregut of embryos lacking the RET receptor. We suggest that normal function of the RET RTK is required in vivo during early stages of ENS histogenesis for the survival of undifferentiated enteric NC and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taraviras
- Divisions of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurobiology, MRC, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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23
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Sukumaran M, Chung H, Gollapudi DP. Cultural factors in the treatment of a catatonic Chinese patient. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1997; 19:378-80. [PMID: 9328783 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-8343(97)00064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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24
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Maya A, Usha S, Jayaraman K, Baba K, Sukumaran M, Balakrishnan A. Interaction of filarial proteins on growth regulation of normal lung epithelial cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 1995; 19:223-31. [PMID: 7606233 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.1995.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro model to examine the effects of filarial proteins on lung epithelial cells has been developed. Several of these proteins appear in circulation of infected individuals. A close association between tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) and filariasis has been reported by several workers. [3H]-thymidine studies do indicate that when optimum concentration of these filarial proteins were added to lung cultures in proliferating and basal/maintenance media a further increase in growth stimulation was observed early in culture. However, on longer exposures and at higher concentrations an inhibitory effect with distinct morphological changes were noted. The dual role of these proteins on lung epithelial cells in vitro may highlight the possibility of a direct interaction of these proteins with lung cells during disease also contributing to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Madras, India
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25
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Sukumaran M, Gowda K, Maiya PP, Srinivas TP, Kumar MS, Aijaz S, Reddy RR, Padilla L, Greenberg HB, Rao CD. Exclusive asymptomatic neonatal infections by human rotavirus strains having subgroup I specificity and "long" RNA electropherotype. Arch Virol 1992; 126:239-51. [PMID: 1326262 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A large number of stool specimens, of healthy newborn infants, collected from various hospitals and clinics in Bangalore City, India, have been examined for the presence of asymptomatic rotaviral excretion. Out of 370 samples analysed during a three year period from 1988 to 1991, 133 specimens (36%) were positive for rotavirus RNA. All these asymptomatic neonatal strains, without exception, showed "long" RNA pattern, but subgroup I specificity. Serotype analysis by ELISA or by hybridization with serotype-specific probes indicated that these strains probably represent a new serotype in newborn children. We find an exclusive association of human rotaviruses having "long" RNA pattern and subgroup I specificity with asymptomatic neonatal infections in contrast to the earlier observations of association of such unusual strains with acute gastroenteritis in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sukumaran
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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26
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Abstract
One hundred and fifty two stool samples from patients belonging to the pediatric age group clinically diagnosed as acute diarrhea/dysentery were processed for thermophilic campylobacters. C. jejuni was isolated from 9 samples (5.9%). Five of the C. jejuni isolates were from children who presented with bloody diarrhea and 4 were from those who had watery diarrhoea. Though the pathogenic role of C. jejuni in these cases is not proved, this study indicates the prevalence of the organism in Trivandrum district.
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27
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Abstract
We report the case of a patient with functioning bronchial carcinoid tumor found as a solitary nodule. Acute carcinoid syndrome developed during transbronchial biopsy, and life-threatening hypotension occurred during operation. We emphasize that carcinoid tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary nodules, and such a complication should be kept in mind when endobronchial or transbronchial biopsy is performed.
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28
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Sukumaran M, Sood PP. Histoenzmological mapping of ATPase and 5-nucleotidase in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus). Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 1982; 20:43-55. [PMID: 6280449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The contribution presented deals with the distribution of adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-A) and 5-nucleotidase (AMP-A) in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of hedgehog. The highlights of this study are: (1) AMP-A activity is stronger in neuropil than in neurons, in all the areas of spinal cord and medulla oblongata. In the nerve cells the enzyme is localized at the peripheries of the neurons, whereas the cytoplasm and nuclei are completely free from enzymatic activity. Reaction in blood vessels is quite high both in gray and white matter. (2) ATP-A activity is seen mainly at the peripheries of the neurons. The neuropil activity varies from mild to intense. Reaction in blood vessels is quite strong in all the areas. (3) Fibrous bundles and tracts are negative for both the enzymes. (4) In general, the activity of ATP-A and AMP-A is strongest in cranial nerve nuclei, irrespective of their sensory or motor nature. The distribution of these enzymes has been correlated with the functions of various nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata in hedgehog, and compared with other mammals.
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29
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Mohanakumar KP, Kakaria VK, Sood PP, Sukumaran M, Khan AH. A comparative histochemical mapping of acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and non-specific esterase in the olfactory bulbs of rabbit and hedgehog. Acta Neurol Belg 1981; 81:199-204. [PMID: 6270951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The paper deals with comparative account of the distribution of acid phosphatase 5-nucleotidase and non-specific esterase in the olfactory bulbs of rabbit and hedgehog. The acid phosphatase is observed in all the neurons of both the animals. However, the concentration of the enzyme is higher in hedgehog as compared to rabbit. The intensity of 5-nucleotidase in all the layers of olfactory bulb of hedgehog is stronger than in the rabbit. Intensity of non-specific esterase is quite higher in the olfactory bulb of rabbit than of hedgehog. Along with comparison the distribution of these enzymes have been correlated with their role in the olfactory senses.
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30
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Sukumaran M, Granada MJ, Berger HW, Lee M, Reilly TA. Evaluation of corticosteroid treatment in aspiration of gastric contents: A controlled clinical trial. Mt Sinai J Med 1980; 47:335-40. [PMID: 6997729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Lee M, Sukumaran M, Berger HW, Reilly TA. Influence of corticosteroid treatment on pulmonary function after recovery from aspiration of gastric contents. Mt Sinai J Med 1980; 47:341-6. [PMID: 6997730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Abstract
In a review of 50 patients with massive pleural effusion, mediastinal herniation of the pleural sac occurred in 16 patients (32 percent). Right-to-left herniation (ten patients) was more common than left-to-right (six patients). Herniation occurred only in the posteroinferior mediastinum (D5-D11). Fourteen patients had displacement of the mediastinum away from the side of pleural effusion. Disappearance of herniated sac in every patient following thoracocentesis confirmed the diagnosis.
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33
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Leechawengwong M, Berger HW, Sukumaran M. Diagnostic significance of antinuclear antibodies in pleural effusion. Mt Sinai J Med 1979; 46:137-9. [PMID: 312438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Shanmugam J, Raveendranath M, Sukumaran M. Seroprevalence of Q fever infection in human beings from southern region of Kerala State. Indian J Med Res 1978; 67:217-20. [PMID: 680877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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35
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Sukumaran P, Pillai NB, Sukumaran M. Co-trimoxazole in ENT diseases. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02990984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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36
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Alias AG, Vijayan N, Nair DS, Sukumaran M. Serum ceruloplasmin in schizophrenia: significant increase in acute cases especially in catatonia. Biol Psychiatry 1972; 4:231-8. [PMID: 5041917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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