1
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Poorter L, Craven D, Jakovac CC, van der Sande MT, Amissah L, Bongers F, Chazdon RL, Farrior CE, Kambach S, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Norden N, Rüger N, van Breugel M, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Amani B, Andrade JL, Brancalion PHS, Broadbent EN, de Foresta H, Dent DH, Derroire G, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Fantini AC, Finegan B, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Hietz P, Junqueira AB, N'dja JK, Letcher SG, Lohbeck M, López-Camacho R, Martínez-Ramos M, Melo FPL, Mora F, Müller SC, N'Guessan AE, Oberleitner F, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Pinho BX, Piotto D, Powers JS, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Rozendaal DMA, Ruíz J, Tabarelli M, Teixeira HM, Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio E, van der Wal H, Villa PM, Fernandes GW, Santos BA, Aguilar-Cano J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Alvarez-Davila E, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Becknell JM, Cabral GAL, Castellanos-Castro C, de Jong BHJ, Nieto JE, Espírito-Santo MM, Fandino MC, García H, García-Villalobos D, Hall JS, Idárraga A, Jiménez-Montoya J, Kennard D, Marín-Spiotta E, Mesquita R, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Peña-Claros M, Pérez-Cárdenas N, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Villanueva LS, Schwartz NB, Steininger MK, Veloso MDM, Vester HFM, Vieira ICG, Williamson GB, Zanini K, Hérault B. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery. Science 2021; 374:1370-1376. [PMID: 34882461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephan Kambach
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bienvenu Amani
- UFR Agroforesterie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hubert de Foresta
- UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Kassi N'dja
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe P L Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anny E N'Guessan
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Heitor Mancini Teixeira
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco, México
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Geraldo W Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria C Fandino
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | | | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Lucía Sanaphre Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc K Steininger
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.,Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
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2
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Chazdon RL, Broadbent EN, Rozendaal DMA, Bongers F, Zambrano AMA, Aide TM, Balvanera P, Becknell JM, Boukili V, Brancalion PHS, Craven D, Almeida-Cortez JS, Cabral GAL, de Jong B, Denslow JS, Dent DH, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Espírito-Santo MM, Fandino MC, César RG, Hall JS, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Kennard D, Letcher SG, Lohbeck M, Martínez-Ramos M, Massoca P, Meave JA, Mesquita R, Mora F, Muñoz R, Muscarella R, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Orihuela-Belmonte E, Peña-Claros M, Pérez-García EA, Piotto D, Powers JS, Rodríguez-Velazquez J, Romero-Pérez IE, Ruíz J, Saldarriaga JG, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Schwartz NB, Steininger MK, Swenson NG, Uriarte M, van Breugel M, van der Wal H, Veloso MDM, Vester H, Vieira ICG, Bentos TV, Williamson GB, Poorter L. Carbon sequestration potential of second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501639. [PMID: 27386528 PMCID: PMC4928921 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Regrowth of tropical secondary forests following complete or nearly complete removal of forest vegetation actively stores carbon in aboveground biomass, partially counterbalancing carbon emissions from deforestation, forest degradation, burning of fossil fuels, and other anthropogenic sources. We estimate the age and spatial extent of lowland second-growth forests in the Latin American tropics and model their potential aboveground carbon accumulation over four decades. Our model shows that, in 2008, second-growth forests (1 to 60 years old) covered 2.4 million km(2) of land (28.1% of the total study area). Over 40 years, these lands can potentially accumulate a total aboveground carbon stock of 8.48 Pg C (petagrams of carbon) in aboveground biomass via low-cost natural regeneration or assisted regeneration, corresponding to a total CO2 sequestration of 31.09 Pg CO2. This total is equivalent to carbon emissions from fossil fuel use and industrial processes in all of Latin America and the Caribbean from 1993 to 2014. Ten countries account for 95% of this carbon storage potential, led by Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. We model future land-use scenarios to guide national carbon mitigation policies. Permitting natural regeneration on 40% of lowland pastures potentially stores an additional 2.0 Pg C over 40 years. Our study provides information and maps to guide national-level forest-based carbon mitigation plans on the basis of estimated rates of natural regeneration and pasture abandonment. Coupled with avoided deforestation and sustainable forest management, natural regeneration of second-growth forests provides a low-cost mechanism that yields a high carbon sequestration potential with multiple benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269–3043, USA
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina 124, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22460-320, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Eben N. Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Danaë M. A. Rozendaal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269–3043, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - T. Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Justin M. Becknell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Vanessa Boukili
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269–3043, USA
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dylan Craven
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Avenue, 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - George A. L. Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ben de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Julie S. Denslow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Daisy H. Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Avenue, 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Saara J. DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Juan M. Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Sandra M. Durán
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Mario M. Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - María C. Fandino
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Calle 72 No. 12-65 piso 6, 110231 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ricardo G. César
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson S. Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Avenue, 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Catarina C. Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - André B. Junqueira
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands
- Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, Netherlands
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Susan G. Letcher
- Department of Environmental Studies, Purchase College (SUNY), 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Paulo Massoca
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Section of Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Yule R. F. Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Edith Orihuela-Belmonte
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eduardo A. Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA, 45613-204, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velazquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Isabel Eunice Romero-Pérez
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- School of Social Sciences, Geography Area, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, 150003 Tunja, Colombia
- Department of Geography, 4841 Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Marc K. Steininger
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Avenue, 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore 138610, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, 86280 Centro, Tabasco, México
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria D. M. Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Hans Vester
- Bonhoeffer College, Bruggertstraat 60, 7545 AX Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Tony Vizcarra Bentos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - G. Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803–1705, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Mitchard ETA, Feldpausch TR, Brienen RJW, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo A, Baker TR, Lewis SL, Lloyd J, Quesada CA, Gloor M, ter Steege H, Meir P, Alvarez E, Araujo-Murakami A, Aragão LEOC, Arroyo L, Aymard G, Banki O, Bonal D, Brown S, Brown FI, Cerón CE, Chama Moscoso V, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo F, Corrales Medina M, Da Costa L, Costa FRC, Di Fiore A, Domingues TF, Erwin TL, Frederickson T, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Levis C, Magnusson WE, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Mendoza Polo I, Mishra P, Nascimento MT, Neill D, Núñez Vargas MP, Palacios WA, Parada A, Pardo Molina G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman N, Peres CA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Restrepo Correa Z, Roopsind A, Roucoux KH, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schietti J, Silveira M, de Souza PF, Steininger MK, Stropp J, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van Andel TR, van der Heijden GMF, Vieira ICG, Vieira S, Vilanova-Torre E, Vos VA, Wang O, Zartman CE, Malhi Y, Phillips OL. Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2014; 23:935-946. [PMID: 26430387 PMCID: PMC4579864 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset. LOCATION Tropical forests of the Amazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1. METHODS Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground-plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area-based comparisons. RESULTS The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north-east, to the light-wooded, shorter forests of the south-west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over- or under-estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be < 5%. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon-mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above-ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T A Mitchard
- School of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- *Correspondence: Edward T. A. Mitchard, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK., E-mail:
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Geography, University College LondonUK
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeiden, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Esteban Alvarez
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research – INPESão José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo Aymard
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT)Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Olaf Banki
- IBED, University of AmsterdamPOSTBUS 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Damien Bonal
- L'Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueUMR 1137 EEF, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Sandra Brown
- Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock InternationalArlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Foster I Brown
- Woods Hole Research CenterFalmouth, MA, USA
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaRio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Cerón
- Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP), Universidad Central del EcuadorQuito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire EDBbâtiment 4R3, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fernando Cornejo
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesLima, Peru
| | | | - Lola Da Costa
- Geociencias, Universidade Federal de ParaBelem, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tomas F Domingues
- FFCLRP-USP, Department of Biology, Universidade de São Paulo05508-090, Brazil
| | - Terry L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian InstitutionP.O. Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | | | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManaus, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía PeruanaAv. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tim J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund1250 24th Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook UniversityCairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Carolina Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManaus, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Irina Mendoza Polo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Piyush Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Marcelo T Nascimento
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FlumineseCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - David Neill
- Puyo, Universidad Estatal AmazónicaPaso lateral km 2½ via a Napo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | | | - Walter A Palacios
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Técnica del NorteEcuador
| | - Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Nigel Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke UniversityBox 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Carlos A Peres
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East AngliaNorwich, NR4 7JT, UK
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zorayda Restrepo Correa
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaP.O. 118526, 511 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8526, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376, São Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaRio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marc K Steininger
- Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation InternationalWashington, DC, USA
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre of the European CommissionVia Enrico Fermi, 2748 TP 440, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - John Terborgh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke UniversityBox 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz, Bolivia
- Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoSanta Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Geertje M F van der Heijden
- University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeP.O Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado, Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Panama
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376, São Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Simone Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent A Vos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Técnica del NorteEcuador
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Lab of Landscape Ecology and Conservation Biology, Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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Steininger MK, Tabor K, Small J, Pinto C, Soliz J, Chavez E. A satellite model of forest flammability. Environ Manage 2013; 52:136-150. [PMID: 23760733 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a model of forest flammability, based on daily satellite observations, for national to regional applications. The model defines forest flammability as the percent moisture content of fuel, in the form of litter of varying sizes on the forest floor. The model uses formulas from the US Forest Service that describe moisture exchange between fuel and the surrounding air and precipitation. The model is driven by estimates of temperature, humidity, and precipitation from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer and tropical rainfall measuring mission multi-satellite precipitation analysis. We provide model results for the southern Amazon and northern Chaco regions. We evaluate the model in a tropical forest-to-woodland gradient in lowland Bolivia. Results from the model are significantly correlated with those from the same model driven by field climate measurements. This model can be run in a near real-time mode, can be applied to other regions, and can be a cost-effective input to national fire management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc K Steininger
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
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Abstract
Land-cover change in eastern lowland Bolivia was documented using Landsat images from five epochs for all landscapes situated below the montane tree line at approximately 3000 m, including humid forest, inundated forest, seasonally dry forest, and cloud forest, as well as scrublands and grasslands. Deforestation in eastern Bolivia in 2004 covered 45,411 km2, representing approximately 9% of the original forest cover, with an additional conversion of 9042 km2 of scrub and savanna habitats representing 17% of total historical land-cover change. Annual rates of land-cover change increased from approximately 400 km2 y(-1) in the 1960s to approximately 2900 km2 y(-1) in the last epoch spanning 2001 to 2004. This study provides Bolivia with a spatially explicit information resource to monitor future land-cover change, a prerequisite for proposed mechanisms to compensate countries for reducing carbon emissions as a result of deforestation. A comparison of the most recent epoch with previous periods shows that policies enacted in the late 1990s to promote forest conservation had no observable impact on reducing deforestation and that deforestation actually increased in some protected areas. The rate of land-cover change continues to increase linearly nationwide, but is growing faster in the Santa Cruz department because of the expansion of mechanized agriculture and cattle farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Killeen
- Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
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