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Omira R, Ramalho RS, Kim J, González PJ, Kadri U, Miranda JM, Carrilho F, Baptista MA. Global Tonga tsunami explained by a fast-moving atmospheric source. Nature 2022; 609:734-740. [PMID: 35697059 PMCID: PMC9492550 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Volcanoes can produce tsunamis by means of earthquakes, caldera and flank collapses, pyroclastic flows or underwater explosions1-4. These mechanisms rarely displace enough water to trigger transoceanic tsunamis. Violent volcanic explosions, however, can cause global tsunamis1,5 by triggering acoustic-gravity waves6-8 that excite the atmosphere-ocean interface. The colossal eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano and ensuing tsunami is the first global volcano-triggered tsunami recorded by modern, worldwide dense instrumentation, thus providing a unique opportunity to investigate the role of air-water-coupling processes in tsunami generation and propagation. Here we use sea-level, atmospheric and satellite data from across the globe, along with numerical and analytical models, to demonstrate that this tsunami was driven by a constantly moving source in which the acoustic-gravity waves radiating from the eruption excite the ocean and transfer energy into it by means of resonance. A direct correlation between the tsunami and the acoustic-gravity waves' arrival times confirms that these phenomena are closely linked. Our models also show that the unusually fast travel times and long duration of the tsunami, as well as its global reach, are consistent with an air-water-coupled source. This coupling mechanism has clear hazard implications, as it leads to higher waves along land masses that rise abruptly from long stretches of deep ocean waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Omira
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - R S Ramalho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL) and Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Kim
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J González
- Volcanology Research Group, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
- COMET, Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - U Kadri
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J M Miranda
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Carrilho
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M A Baptista
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL), Lisbon, Portugal
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Padmanabhan S, Fiske BK, Baptista MA. The Michael J. Fox Foundation's Strategies for Accelerating Translation of LRRK2 into Therapies for Parkinson Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1878. [PMID: 32796584 PMCID: PMC7466022 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) has invested significant funding and non-funding effort to accelerate research and drug development activity around the Parkinson disease (PD)-associated protein LRRK2. MJFF has spearheaded multiple public/private pre-competitive collaborations that have contributed to our understanding of LRRK2 function; de-risked potential safety questions around the therapeutic use of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors; and generated critical research tools, biosamples, and data for the field. Several LRRK2-targeted therapies are now in human testing due to the hard work of so many in the PD community. In this perspective, we present a holistic description and model of how our Foundation's support targeted important barriers to LRRK2 research and helped move the field into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Padmanabhan
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10120, USA
| | | | - Marco A.S. Baptista
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10120, USA
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Padmanabhan S, Lanz TA, Gorman D, Wolfe M, Joyce A, Cabrera C, Lawrence-Henderson R, Levers N, Joshi N, Ma TC, Liong C, Narayan S, Alcalay RN, Hutten SJ, Baptista MA, Merchant K. An Assessment of LRRK2 Serine 935 Phosphorylation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease and G2019S LRRK2 Cohorts. J Parkinsons Dis 2020; 10:623-629. [PMID: 32007961 PMCID: PMC7242833 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylated form of LRRK2, pS935 LRRK2, has been proposed as a target modulation biomarker for LRRK2 inhibitors. The primary aim of the study was to characterize and qualify this biomarker for therapeutic trials of LRRK2 inhibitors in Parkinson's disease (PD). To this end, analytically validated assays were used to monitor levels of pS935 LRRK2 and total LRRK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the following donor groups: healthy controls, idiopathic PD, and G2019S carriers with and without PD. Neither analyte correlated with age, gender, or disease severity. While total LRRK2 levels were similar across the four groups, there was a significant reduction in pS935 LRRK2 levels in disease-manifesting G2019S carriers compared to idiopathic PD. In aggregate, these data indicate that phosphorylation of LRRK2 at S935 may reflect a state marker for G2019S LRRK2-driven PD, the underlying biology for which requires investigation in future studies. This study also provides critical foundational data to inform the integration of pS935 and total LRRK2 levels as biomarkers in therapeutic trials of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Najah Levers
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Neal Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Thong C. Ma
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY, USA
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Dave KD, De Silva S, Sheth NP, Ramboz S, Beck MJ, Quang C, Switzer RC, Ahmad SO, Sunkin SM, Walker D, Cui X, Fisher DA, McCoy AM, Gamber K, Ding X, Goldberg MS, Benkovic SA, Haupt M, Baptista MA, Fiske BK, Sherer TB, Frasier MA. Phenotypic characterization of recessive gene knockout rat models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 70:190-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
We report a case of human monensin intoxication; to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the medical literature. The patient took a dose of monensin three times higher than a dose considered lethal for cattle and developed a clinical picture similar to that reported in veterinary medicine. There was an early and extremely severe rhabdomyolysis followed by acute renal failure, heart failure, and death. The main changes observed at autopsy were extensive skeletal muscle necrosis, complement deposition at the myocardial level, pulmonary edema, and acute tubular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caldeira
- Division of Nephrology, Intensive Care Unit, Service of Toxicology, and Department of Pathology, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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deCatanzaro D, Baptista MA, Spironello-Vella E. Administration of minute quantities of 17beta-estradiol on the nasal area terminates early pregnancy in inseminated female mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2001; 69:503-9. [PMID: 11509210 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that chemical emissions of novel males disrupt intrauterine implantation of fertilized ova in inseminated female mice, but the specific nature of these chemicals is not known. Given that novel males excrete androgens and estrogens in their urine and feces, the current experiments were designed to determine whether nasal application of these steroids could disrupt pregnancy. Nasal application of testosterone propionate to females during early pregnancy had no impact on gestation. However, nasal application of 17beta-estradiol terminated all pregnancies in females at all doses greater than or equal to approximately 1 microg/day. Nasal application of 17beta-estradiol benzoate similarly terminated all pregnancies in females at very low doses. In subcutaneous administration, 17beta-estradiol is also the most potent steroid in disrupting pregnancy compared to other estrogens and androgens. These data suggest the possibility that males' emission of estrogens is among factors mediating the Bruce effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D deCatanzaro
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
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Abstract
To evaluate the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effect of learning on morphine tolerance in rats, we examined striatal c-Fos, and c-Jun protein expression, and AP-1 DNA binding. Morphine paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS) led to analgesic tolerance in the presence of the CS. Rats receiving morphine unpaired with the CS displayed significantly less tolerance than paired morphine animals. Striatal c-Fos protein levels and AP-1 DNA binding activity were increased in rats receiving paired morphine compared with rats that did not receive morphine but not in rats receiving morphine without the CS. No differences were found in c-Jun levels. These results suggest that Pavlovian conditioning may account, in part, for the molecular mechanisms associated with morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Baptista
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont, Canada
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Baptista MA, Andrade JR, Vicente AC, Salles CA, Coelho A. The Amazonia variant of Vibrio cholerae: molecular identification and study of virulence genes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1998; 93:601-7. [PMID: 9830525 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic O1 Amazonia variant of Vibrio cholerae has been shown previously to have a cytotoxin acting on cultured Vero and Y-1 cells, and to lack important virulence factors such as the cholera toxin (Coelho et al. 1995a). This study extends the molecular analysis of the Amazonia strains, detecting the presence of the toxR gene, with a very similar sequence to that of the E1 Tor and classical biotypes. The outer membrane proteins are analyzed, detecting a variation among the group of Amazonia strains, with three different patterns found. As a by-product of this work a polymerase chain reaction fragment was sequenced, reading part of the sequence of the Lon protease of the Amazonia strains. This gene was not previously described in V. cholerae, but its sequence is present in the TIGR database specific for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Baptista
- Departamento de Genética- I. Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Brasil
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Coelho A, Vicente AC, Baptista MA, Momen H, Santos FA, Salles CA. The distinction of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae groups using arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprints. Res Microbiol 1995; 146:671-83. [PMID: 8584790 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)81064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae strains were compared by fingerprinting with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). They were O1 classical and El Tor strains and recent non-O1 Bengal strains. Ten oligonucleotides from a total of fifty-two tested gave distinctive patterns, and these strains were separated into four groups. A second technique, amplification of 16S/23S rRNA spacers with a pair of oligonucleotides, was also used. Various bands were obtained, and the result can be treated as an additional fingerprint with a different pattern for each of the groups. The method of AP-PCR fingerprinting is fast and sensitive. A test of the stability of the El Tor patterns was done with a set of strains isolated during the present Brazilian epidemics. Examples of AP-PCRs with non-O1 strains are given. A typing scheme is proposed in which oligo 1 is first used, and depending on the fingerprint obtained, additional oligonucleotides are used to confirm the classification of the strain. It is proposed that the AP-PCR technique be used for epidemiological studies, analysing strains reaching new locations or environmental isolates suspected of being pathogenic. It will be particularly helpful in cases in which traditional methods cannot clearly classify the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coelho
- Dep. de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ramos MA, Ponties MA, Baptista MA, Patrício SR, Halter Z. [Nursing contribution in the control of schistosomiasis in the hospital]. Rev Esc Enferm USP 1979; 13:189-96. [PMID: 261440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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