1
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Camilo C, Garrido MV, Calheiros MM. Is it the Child's Fault? Maternal Attributions in Child Abuse and Neglect. Psicothema 2023; 35:364-373. [PMID: 37882421 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2022.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the parental cognitions explaining maladaptive parenting, attributions about a child’s misbehavior seem important. However, there is little research on neglectful parents, and the different patterns of parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect are still underexplained. The current study examines parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect. METHOD Mothers ( N = 218) were asked to evaluate vignettes describing child transgressions, half of which were followed by situational information. Child abuse and child neglect were evaluated through mothers’ and professionals’ reports. RESULTS Preliminary results indicated that the child’s age and maternal socioeconomic status were significantly correlated with attributions and child abuse and neglect scores and thus were controlled in the models. The results from hierarchical regressions indicated that dispositional attributions were associated with higher abuse scores (reported by mothers), even in the presence of situational information. Likewise, dispositional attributions were associated with higher neglect scores (reported by professionals), but the effect was no longer significant in the presence of situational information. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the current socio-cognitive approaches to child maltreatment and provide relevant input for understanding the different attributional mechanisms underlying child abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Camilo
- Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL (Portugal)
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2
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Garrido MV, Godinho S. The influence of consonant wanderings and facial expressions in warmth and competence judgments. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:1272-1280. [PMID: 37675963 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2253423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe preference for usernames whose oral pronunciation implies inward wandering articulatory movements over those involving outward movements - the in-out effect - has been shown to shape person perception judgments. Across three studies, we further tested the boundary conditions to this effect by combining the manipulation of the articulation direction of mock online usernames with one of the most critical cues for interpersonal judgments - facial expressions. As expected, users displaying smiling faces were rated as warmer and more competent than those displaying angry expressions. Notably, even in the presence of such diagnostic cues for social judgment, the articulatory activity involved in pronouncing a person's name still affected the impressions formed, particularly in the warmth dimension. These results show that the in-out effect did not vanish even when highly diagnostic visual information was available. Overall, the current work further emphasises the role of sensorimotor experience in person perception while providing additional evidence for the in-out effect, its boundary conditions, and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida V Garrido
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Godinho
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Guedes D, Prada M, Garrido MV, Caeiro I, Simões C, Lamy E. Sensitive to music? Examining the crossmodal effect of audition on sweet taste sensitivity. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113256. [PMID: 37803571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that music can influence taste perception. While most studies to date have focused on taste intensity ratings, less is known about the influence of musical stimuli on other parameters of taste function. In this within-subjects experiment (N = 73), we tested the effects of three sound conditions (High Sweetness soundtrack - HS; Low Sweetness soundtrack - LS; and Silence - S) on sweet taste sensitivity, namely, detection and recognition. Each participant tasted nine samples of sucrose solutions (from 0 g/L to 20 g/L) under each of the three sound conditions in counterbalanced order. We assessed the lower concentrations at which participants were able to detect (detection threshold) and correctly identify (recognition threshold) a taste sensation. Additionally, the intensity and hedonic ratings of samples above the recognition threshold (7.20 g/L) were analyzed. Affective variations (valence and arousal) in response to the sound conditions were also assessed. Although music did not lead to significant differences in mean detection and recognition thresholds, a larger proportion of sweet taste recognitions was observed at a near-threshold level (2.59 g/L) in the HS condition. The intensity and hedonic ratings of supra-threshold conditions were unaffected by the music condition. Significant differences in self-reported mood in response to the sound conditions were also observed. The present study suggests that the influence of music on the sweet taste perception of basic solutions may depend on the parameter under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guedes
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal.
| | - Marília Prada
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Caeiro
- MED ‑ Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE ‑ Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla Simões
- MED ‑ Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE ‑ Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elsa Lamy
- MED ‑ Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE ‑ Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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4
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Saraiva M, Albuquerque PB, Garrido MV. Collaborative inhibition effect: the role of memory task and retrieval method. Psychol Res 2023; 87:2548-2558. [PMID: 37027039 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the recall of collaborative groups is lower than the pooled recall of an equal number of lone individuals-the collaborative inhibition effect (Weldon and Bellinger, J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 23(5):1160-1175, 1997). This is arguably the case because group members have conflicting retrieval strategies that disrupt each other's recall-the retrieval strategies disruption hypothesis (Basden et al., J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 23(5):1176-1191, 1997). In two experiments, we further examined this hypothesis by testing whether the memory task (free recall vs. serial recall) and the recall method (turn-taking vs. unconstraint) moderate collaborative inhibition. Experiment 1 compared the performance of collaborative and nominal groups in a free recall and a serial recall task. Results revealed collaborative inhibition in free recall, but this effect was reduced in serial recall. In Experiment 2, collaborative and nominal performance was compared in the same tasks with collaborative but also nominal groups, using the turn-taking method. The collaborative inhibition effect was still observed in free recall, although to a lesser extent when participants in nominal groups used the turn-taking method. In the serial recall task, the collaborative inhibition effect was eliminated. Taken together, these results further support retrieval strategies disruption as an explanation for the collaborative inhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Saraiva
- William James Center for Research, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Pedro B Albuquerque
- Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Rodrigues DL, de Visser RO, Lopes D, Prada M, Garrido MV, Balzarini RN. Prevent2Protect Project: Regulatory Focus Differences in Sexual Health Knowledge and Practices. Arch Sex Behav 2023; 52:1701-1713. [PMID: 36702994 PMCID: PMC9879562 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The way people perceive risks and make decisions about their health is regulated by two motivational systems-prevention of harm or promotion of pleasure. People more focused on prevention strive to avoid negative outcomes and enact more health-protective behaviors. In contrast, people more focused on promotion strive to attain positive outcomes and take more risks with their health. Building upon recent evidence extending this framework to sexual behaviors and health, we conducted a pre-registered online survey ( OSF ) with Portuguese and Spanish adults (N = 742; Mage = 31.42, SD = 9.16) to examine whether self-reported STI knowledge and sexual health practices differ based on predominant regulatory focus. This study was part of the Prevent2Protect project ( OSF ). Results showed that prevention-focused participants had heard about more STIs and retrieved more of their knowledge from scientific sources but had been tested for fewer STIs in the past. In contrast, promotion-focused participants indicated they had specific knowledge about more STIs, retrieved more of their knowledge from medical and peer sources, and had been tested for more STIs in the past. They also reported more frequent STI testing, using free testing facilities or asking their family practice doctor to get tested, more routine sexual health check-ups, and more use of other contraceptive methods, such as birth control pills. These results remained unchanged after controlling for demographic differences. Overall, our findings showed that different motives in sexuality shape sexual health knowledge and sexual health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - Diniz Lopes
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marília Prada
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rhonda N Balzarini
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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6
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Rodrigues DL, Carvalho AC, Prada M, Garrido MV, Balzarini RN, de Visser RO, Lopes D. Condom Use Beliefs Differ According to Regulatory Focus: A Mixed-Methods Study in Portugal and Spain. J Sex Res 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36877803 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2181305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reports worldwide have been showing increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and condomless sex in recent years. Research has identified several individual and situational variables that can determine the decision to use condoms or forgo their use. We argue that such a decision can also be shaped by motives related to pleasure and safety (i.e., regulatory focus in sexuality). Using open ended questions, we asked 742 Portuguese and Spanish adults to indicate situations and reasons that could inform the decision making process with casual partners and the functions/attributes related to condoms. Using thematic analyses, we coded the drivers of condomless sex and condom use into themes and subthemes, and computed their frequencies. Using quantitative measures, we also asked participants to indicate their condom use expectancies and perceived barriers. Comparing participants according to regulatory focus revealed some differences. Pleasure promotion participants were more likely to consider that condom use decision making is driven by unexpectedness, pleasure, and intimacy pursuit, attached more pleasure reduction functions to condoms, expected more negative outcomes in condom use, and endorsed more sensation and partner barriers in condom use. In contrast, disease prevention participants were more likely to consider that condom use decision making is driven by adequate sexual education, responsibility, and behavioral control, and attached more health protective functions to condoms. These differences can inform the development of tailored intervention and awareness campaigns aimed at helping people to use condoms more consistently with casual partners and to avoid behaviors that put them at risk of STI transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Marília Prada
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Rhonda N Balzarini
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard O de Visser
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
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Guedes D, Prada M, Lamy E, Garrido MV. Sweet music influences sensory and hedonic perception of food products with varying sugar levels. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Garrido MV, Farias AR, Horchak OV, Semin GR. The spatial grounding of politics. Psychol Res 2023; 87:84-95. [PMID: 35152315 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In three studies, we advance the research on the association between abstract concepts and spatial dimensions by examining the spatial anchoring of political categories in three different paradigms (spatial placement, memory, and classification) and using non-linguistic stimuli (i.e., photos of politicians). The general hypothesis that politicians of a conservative or socialist party are grounded spatially was confirmed across the studies. In Study 1, photos of politicians were spontaneously placed to the left or right of an unanchored horizontal line depending on their socialist-conservative party affiliation. In Study 2, the political orientation of members of parliament systematically distorted the recall of the spatial positions in which they were originally presented. Finally, Study 3 revealed that classification was more accurate and faster when the politicians were presented in spatially congruent positions (e.g., socialist politician presented on the left side of the monitor) rather than incongruent ones (e.g., socialist on the right side). Additionally, we examined whether participants' political orientation and awareness moderated these effects and showed that spatial anchoring seems independent of political preference but increases with political awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida V Garrido
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana R Farias
- Hei-Lab: Digital Human-Enviroment Interation Lab, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.,CUBE-Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oleksandr V Horchak
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gün R Semin
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-University Institute, Lisbon, Portugal.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Mendonça R, Garrido MV, Semin GR. Two Cultural Processing Asymmetries Drive Spatial Attention. Cogn Sci 2022; 46:e13185. [PMID: 35973007 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cultural routines, such as reading and writing direction (script direction), channel attention orientation. Depending on one's native language habit, attention is biased from left-to-right (LR) or from right-to-left (RL). Here, we further document this bias, as it interacts with the spatial directionality that grounds time concepts. We used a spatial cueing task to test whether script direction and the grounding of time in Portuguese (LR, Exp. 1) and Arabic (RL, Exp. 2) shape visuomotor performance in target discrimination. Temporal words (e.g., tomorrow, yesterday) were presented as cues in two modalities: visual (Exp. 1-2) and auditory (Exp. 1). Gaze movement (Exp. 1) and speed of discrimination decisions (Exp. 1-2) of targets presented to the left or right sides of the screen were assessed. As predicted, the interaction between target location and time concepts was significant across both modalities and linguistic communities. Additionally, LR participants detected the target on the right side of the screen faster after a future word than the target on the left side of the screen after a past word cue. In contrast, RL participants detected the target on the left side of the screen faster when the cue word was a future word than the target on the right side of the screen cued by a past word. In both modalities, the initial eye-gaze movement (Exp. 1) was responsive to the cue's time referent, further confirming that time orients attention. An additional bias was observed for the first fixation onset, which landed earlier on the target set that matched habitualized spatial routines. We conclude that scanning regularities are shaped by writing habits and bodily grounded categorical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mendonça
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário
| | | | - Gün R Semin
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário.,Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University
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10
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Oliveira I, Garrido MV, Bernardes SF. On the body-mind nexus in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A scoping review. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1186-1202. [PMID: 35315163 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bodily experience disturbances are frequent among chronic musculoskeletal pain patients and associated with important pain-related psychosocial outcomes (e.g., disability, quality of life). However, the relationship between bodily experience and the psychological dimensions of chronic pain (e.g., affective, cognitive) has only recently garnered attention. This scoping review aimed to identify trends and gaps in research on the nexus between body awareness, body image, and body schema, and psychological processes/outcomes in adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain to inform future directions for research and practice. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT This study was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's guidelines and PRISMA-ScR recommendations. Keywords related to body awareness/body image/body schema and pain were searched on PsycInfo and PubMed from database inception until February 16, 2021; 2045 articles were screened, and 41 met the inclusion criteria (i.e., primary quantitative studies investigating body awareness/body image/body schema in relation to pain-related psychological outcomes/processes in chronic musculoskeletal pain). RESULTS The referred bodily experience constructs have been inconsistently defined. Body awareness was the most investigated construct, with consistent operationalization strategies. The links between body schema/body image and pain-related psychological processes/outcomes are still under-investigated. Most studies examined the role of bodily experience as a correlate/predictor of psychological outcomes/processes; overall, a better relationship with one's own body was associated with better pain-related psychological outcomes/processes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the relevance of further investigating body-mind relations in musculoskeletal pain and the development of therapies designed to improve the bodily experience within multidisciplinary treatment programs. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Oliveira
- Iscte- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centre for Social Research and Intervention (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M V Garrido
- Iscte- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centre for Social Research and Intervention (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S F Bernardes
- Iscte- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centre for Social Research and Intervention (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Cavalheiro BP, Prada M, Rodrigues DL, Lopes D, Garrido MV. Evaluating the Adequacy of Emoji Use in Positive and Negative Messages from Close and Distant Senders. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2022; 25:194-199. [PMID: 34986024 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Computer-mediated communication allows people to communicate across several contexts (e.g., friends, professional settings) by using video-based or text-based channels. In the latter case, communication lacks nonverbal cues (e.g., tone of voice) that are critical to message interpretation. Including emoji can help express emotion and reinforce or clarify the meaning of a message. However, the benefits of using emoji are likely to depend on the context (e.g., the relationship between interlocutors) and the messages' features (e.g., the valence of the message). To date, studies have not systematically and empirically examined how the use of emoji is perceived across different communication scenarios. In the current study, we asked 175 participants (49.5 percent women; Mage = 36.32, SD = 12.22) to imagine receiving either a negative or a positive message from 22 senders (e.g., friend; bank manager) and to indicate, for each case, how much they would like to receive an emoji and how useful and appropriate they considered the use of emoji. These ratings were combined into a single index of emoji use adequacy. Based on factor analysis, the 22 scenarios were aggregated in distant and close scenarios. Overall, results showed that participants considered emoji use more inadequate in distant (vs. close) scenarios and for negative (vs. positive) messages. These findings suggest that the perceived benefits of emoji use for text-based communication may not be generalized to all text-based communication contexts, such that relationship proximity and message valence should not be overlooked. Implications for the fields of consumer psychology and communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo P Cavalheiro
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marília Prada
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David L Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
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Prada M, Saraiva M, Sério A, Coelho S, Godinho CA, Garrido MV. The impact of sugar-related claims on perceived healthfulness, caloric value and expected taste of food products. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Marília Prada, Saraiva M, Godinho CA, Tourais B, Cavalheiro BP, Garrido MV. Parental perceptions and practices regarding sugar intake by school-aged children: A qualitative study with Portuguese parents. Appetite 2021; 166:105471. [PMID: 34147567 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sugar intake is one of the factors contributing to the alarming rates of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal. Children's preferences and food consumption patterns are largely determined by the foods that are more familiar to them. Parents and caregivers are responsible for shaping children's eating habits since they are the ones who choose the food available in the household. The present study explores parental perceptions about sugar and sugar intake and its consequences on children's health. Moreover, we also examined the practices that parents use to regulate their children's diet, namely, to promote the consumption of desired foods (e.g., vegetables) and limit the intake of undesired food (e.g., sweets), and the perceived barriers and facilitators of sugar intake regulation. To this end, 42 interviews were conducted with parents of school-aged children (ages 6-10 years). A thematic analysis revealed that parents perceive sugar as highly negative (e.g., "evil", "poison", "addiction") and its consumption as harmful (e.g., hyperactivity; overweight). Nonetheless, the view that sugary food consumption is not necessarily problematic was also common. Indeed, most parents considered that sugar intake should be regulated but not forbidden. To control the intake of sugary foods (e.g., sodas, cookies), they reported using strategies such as restriction, explanation, or negotiation. Several barriers to sugar intake regulation were identified (e.g., birthday parties, parents' lack of knowledge), but also a few facilitators (e.g., bringing food from home to school). Our findings may inform the development of interventions or policies to promote healthier eating habits in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal.
| | - Magda Saraiva
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | - Cristina A Godinho
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CRC-W: Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Tourais
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
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14
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Mendonça R, Garrido MV, Semin GR. The Effect of Simultaneously Presented Words and Auditory Tones on Visuomotor Performance. Multisens Res 2021; 34:1-28. [PMID: 34062511 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The experiment reported here used a variation of the spatial cueing task to examine the effects of unimodal and bimodal attention-orienting primes on target identification latencies and eye gaze movements. The primes were a nonspatial auditory tone and words known to drive attention consistent with the dominant writing and reading direction, as well as introducing a semantic, temporal bias (past-future) on the horizontal dimension. As expected, past-related (visual) word primes gave rise to shorter response latencies on the left hemifield and future-related words on the right. This congruency effect was differentiated by an asymmetric performance on the right space following future words and driven by the left-to-right trajectory of scanning habits that facilitated search times and eye gaze movements to lateralized targets. Auditory tone prime alone acted as an alarm signal, boosting visual search and reducing response latencies. Bimodal priming, i.e., temporal visual words paired with the auditory tone, impaired performance by delaying visual attention and response times relative to the unimodal visual word condition. We conclude that bimodal primes were no more effective in capturing participants' spatial attention than the unimodal auditory and visual primes. Their contribution to the literature on multisensory integration is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mendonça
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Cis-Iscte, Av. Das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gün R Semin
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
In six studies (N=725), we extended the articulatory feedback hypothesis to person perception, examining how words featuring /i:/ sounds that activate the zygomaticus major muscle and words featuring /u:/ sounds activating the orbicularis oris muscle affect preference, warmth, and competence judgments of mock-usernames. Users with usernames including /i:/, in contrast to /u:/ sounds, were always preferred and judged as warmer and more competent. The impact of this manipulation in shaping preference as well as judgments on the core dimensions of social perception confirms the stability of the vowel-emotion link and the role of articulatory feedback in social information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida V Garrido
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Godinho
- Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Abstract
Common objects comprise living and non-living things people interact with in their daily-lives. Images depicting common objects are extensively used in different fields of research and intervention, such as linguistics, psychology, and education. Nevertheless, their adequate use requires the consideration of several factors (e.g., item-differences, cultural-context and confounding correlated variables), and careful validation procedures. The current study presents a systematic review of the available published norms for images of common objects. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines indicated that despite their extensive use, the production of norms for such stimuli with adult populations is quite limited (N = 55), particularly for more ecological images, such as photos (N = 14). Among the several dimensions in which the items were assessed, the most commonly referred in our sample were familiarity, visual complexity and name agreement, illustrating some consistency across the reported dimensions while also indicating the limited examination of other potentially relevant dimensions for image processing. The lack of normative studies simultaneously examining affective, perceptive and semantic dimensions was also documented. The number of such normative studies has been increasing in the last years and published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Moreover, their datasets and norms have been complying with current open science practices. Nevertheless, they are still scarcely cited and replicated in different linguistic and cultural contexts. The current study brings important theoretical contributions by characterizing images of common objects stimuli and their culturally-based norms while highlighting several important features that are likely to be relevant for future stimuli selection and evaluative procedures. The systematic scrutiny of these normative studies is likely to stimulate the production of new, robust and contextually-relevant normative datasets and to provide tools for enhancing the quality of future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Souza
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Joana C Carmo
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Prada M, Saraiva M, Garrido MV, Rodrigues DL, Lopes D. Knowledge about Sugar Sources and Sugar Intake Guidelines in Portuguese Consumers. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3888. [PMID: 33352651 PMCID: PMC7766130 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined knowledge about sugars and guidelines for its consumption and explored the relationship between knowledge and measures related to nutritional information processing as well as sugar consumption. Specifically, we asked participants (n = 1010 Portuguese) to categorize a set of ingredients (e.g., glucose, aspartame) regarding their composition (i.e., intrinsic vs. added/free sugars) and origin (e.g., natural vs. artificial) and if they were aware of the WHO guidelines for sugar intake. Overall, despite using information about sugar frequently and considering attending to such information as very important to stay healthy, most participants were unaware of the WHO guidelines and revealed difficulties in the categorization task. Women, participants with a higher level of education, and those with children in the household reported higher use of sugar content information present in nutritional labels, higher perceived knowledge of nutritional guidelines, and higher hit rates in categorizing sugar sources. Almost one-fourth of the population exceeds the daily limit recommended by the WHO. Therefore, characterizing the knowledge of a Portuguese sample regarding sugar sources and sugar intake guidelines is particularly relevant, and our results emphasize the need to implement effective strategies to reduce sugar intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (D.L.R.); (D.L.)
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18
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Abstract
Human memory likely evolved to serve adaptive functions, that is, to help maximise our chances of survival and reproduction. One demonstration of such adaptiveness is the increased retention of information processed in survival contexts, the so-called Survival Processing Effect (SPE). This study examined this effect in a native (L1) and in a second language (L2). This comparison is relevant to explore if emotionality is involved in the SPE, as emotional activation seems to be larger in L1 than in L2. Following the original survival processing procedure, participants rated the relevance of information to the survival and moving scenarios and performed a recognition (Experiment 1) or a free recall (Experiment 2) task in L1 or L2. In both experiments, the SPE was replicated in L1 but not in L2. The absence of the effect when emotional activation is less likely suggests that emotionality might play a role in the survival processing effect; nevertheless, additional studies are needed to further investigate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Saraiva
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josefa N S Pandeirada
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Mendonça R, Garrido MV, Semin GR. Social Inferences From Faces as a Function of the Left-to-Right Movement Continuum. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32765346 PMCID: PMC7378970 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether reading and writing habits known to drive agency perception also shape the attribution of other agency-related traits, particularly for faces oriented congruently with script direction (i.e., left-to-right). Participants rated front-oriented, left-oriented and right-oriented faces on 14 dimensions. These ratings were first reduced to two dimensions, which were further confirmed with a new sample: power and social-warmth. Both dimensions were systematically affected by head orientation. Right-oriented faces generated a stronger endorsement of the power dimension (e.g., agency, dominance), and, to a lesser extent, of the social-warmth dimension, relative to the left and frontal-oriented faces. A further interaction between the head orientation of the faces and their gender revealed that front-facing females, relative to front-facing males, were attributed higher social-warmth scores, or communal traits (e.g., valence, warmth). These results carry implications for the representation of people in space particularly in marketing and political contexts. Face stimuli and respective norming data are available at www.osf.io/v5jpd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mendonça
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gün R Semin
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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20
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Abstract
Words whose articulation resembles ingestion movements are preferred to words mimicking expectoration movements. This so-called in-out effect, suggesting that the oral movements caused by consonantal articulation automatically activate concordant motivational states, was already replicated in languages belonging to Germanic (e.g., German and English) and Italic (e.g., Portuguese) branches of the Indo-European family. However, it remains unknown whether such preference extends to the Indo-European branches whose writing system is based on the Cyrillic rather than Latin alphabet (e.g., Ukrainian), or whether it occurs in languages not belonging to the Indo-European family (e.g., Turkish). We replicated the in-out effect in two high-powered experiments (N = 274), with Ukrainian and Turkish native speakers, further supporting an embodied explanation for this intriguing preference.
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21
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Godinho S, Garrido MV. The in-out effect: examining the role of perceptual fluency in the preference for words with inward-wandering consonantal articulation. Psychol Res 2019; 85:112-120. [PMID: 31401667 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Words whose consonantal articulation spots wander inward, simulating ingestion movements, are preferred to words featuring the opposite consonantal articulation direction, that is, resembling expectoration movements. The underlying mechanism of this so-called in-out effect is far from settled. Contrary to the original explanation proposing an oral approach-avoidance mechanism, recent evidence has been used to support an oral motor-fluency mechanism, suggesting that inward words are preferred because they may be more common and/or easier to pronounce. Across six experiments (n = 1123), we examined the impact of different fluency sources in the emergence of the in-out effect. The preference for inward-wandering words persisted both with classical font type and figure-ground contrast fluency manipulations, and no systematic additive effects were observed. The in-out effect was also replicated for the first time with a between-participant design. These results suggest that the in-out effect may be permeable to fluency manipulations, but it is not dependent upon a plain fluency mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Godinho
- CIS-ISCTE, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- CIS-ISCTE, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Garrido MV, Prada M, Simão C, Semin GR. The Impact of Stimuli Color in Lexical Decision and Semantic Word Categorization Tasks. Cogn Sci 2019; 43:e12781. [DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Prada
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE‐IUL) CIS – IUL
| | - Cláudia Simão
- Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics Universidade Católica Portuguesa
| | - Gün R. Semin
- William James Center for Research ISPA‐Instituto Universitário
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Utrecht University
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23
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Garrido MV, Godinho S, Semin GR. The “ins” and “outs” of person perception: The influence of consonant wanderings in judgments of warmth and competence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Prada M, Godinho C, Rodrigues DL, Lopes C, Garrido MV. The impact of a gluten-free claim on the perceived healthfulness, calories, level of processing and expected taste of food products. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Rodrigues DL, Lopes D, Pereira M, Prada M, Garrido MV. Motivations for Sexual Behavior and Intentions to Use Condoms: Development of the Regulatory Focus in Sexuality Scale. Arch Sex Behav 2019; 48:557-575. [PMID: 30511148 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite recurrent efforts to prevent sexually transmitted diseases through the use of condoms, HIV infections are still prevalent across Europe. Recent research framed by the regulatory focus theory has shown that prevention (vs. promotion)-focused individuals are more likely to adopt strategies to protect their health. Therefore, these individuals should also be more motivated to use condoms, because they are more likely to perceive greater health threats. In two cross-sectional preregistered studies (combined N = 520 Portuguese participants; databases available at https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/zzkc2 ), we developed the new Regulatory Focus in Sexuality scale (Study 1), and tested if the association between prevention focus and intentions to use condoms was mediated by the perception of health threat (Study 2). Results from Study 1 suggested that the scale is reliable and valid. Results from Study 2 showed, as expected, that a predominant focus on prevention was associated with more condom use intentions with casual and regular sexual partners, because individuals perceived greater threat to their health. Additional exploratory analyses further showed that this mediation occurred only for individuals without a romantic relationship and was independent of how salient the condom use norm was. In contrast, for romantically involved individuals, there was no evidence for the mediation by perceived health threat. Instead, a predominant focus on prevention was positively associated with condom use intentions with the regular partner, but only when the condom use norm was more salient. Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of examining individual motivations for safe sex practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marília Prada
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Prada M, Garrido MV, Camilo C, Rodrigues DL. Subjective ratings and emotional recognition of children's facial expressions from the CAFE set. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209644. [PMID: 30589868 PMCID: PMC6307702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to validated stimuli depicting children's facial expressions is useful for different research domains (e.g., developmental, cognitive or social psychology). Yet, such databases are scarce in comparison to others portraying adult models, and validation procedures are typically restricted to emotional recognition accuracy. This work presents subjective ratings for a sub-set of 283 photographs selected from the Child Affective Facial Expression set (CAFE [1]). Extending beyond the original emotion recognition accuracy norms [2], our main goal was to validate this database across eight subjective dimensions related to the model (e.g., attractiveness, familiarity) or the specific facial expression (e.g., intensity, genuineness), using a sample from a different nationality (N = 450 Portuguese participants). We also assessed emotion recognition (forced-choice task with seven options: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise and neutral). Overall results show that most photographs were rated as highly clear, genuine and intense facial expressions. The models were rated as both moderately familiar and likely to belong to the in-group, obtaining high attractiveness and arousal ratings. Results also showed that, similarly to the original study, the facial expressions were accurately recognized. Normative and raw data are available as supplementary material at https://osf.io/mjqfx/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS - IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida V. Garrido
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS - IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camilo
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS - IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David L. Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS - IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Abstract
Previous research has revealed a stable preference for words with inward consonantal-articulation patterns (from the front to the back of the mouth; e.g. BENOKA), over outward-words (from the back to the front; e.g. KENOBA). Following the oral approach-avoidance account suggesting that the in-out effect is due to the resemblance between consonantal-articulations patterns and ingestion/expectoration, recent findings have shown that when judging inward-outward names for objects with particular oral functions, valence did not modulate the effect while the oral function did. To replicate and examine further the role of edibility and valence in shaping the in-out effect, we asked participants (N = 545) to rate inward and outward names for edible and non-edible products while controlling for valence. Results revealed that the motor-to-affect link was only observed for edible products, regardless of valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Godinho
- a CIS-ISCTE , Instituto Universitário de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | | | - Michael Zürn
- b Social and Economic Cognition II , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Sascha Topolinski
- b Social and Economic Cognition II , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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28
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Prada M, Rodrigues DL, Garrido MV, Lopes D, Cavalheiro B, Gaspar R. Motives, frequency and attitudes toward emoji and emoticon use. Telematics and Informatics 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Garrido MV, Prada M. KDEF-PT: Valence, Emotional Intensity, Familiarity and Attractiveness Ratings of Angry, Neutral, and Happy Faces. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2181. [PMID: 29312053 PMCID: PMC5742208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) is one of the most widely used human facial expressions database. Almost a decade after the original validation study (Goeleven et al., 2008), we present subjective rating norms for a sub-set of 210 pictures which depict 70 models (half female) each displaying an angry, happy and neutral facial expressions. Our main goals were to provide an additional and updated validation to this database, using a sample from a different nationality (N = 155 Portuguese students, M = 23.73 years old, SD = 7.24) and to extend the number of subjective dimensions used to evaluate each image. Specifically, participants reported emotional labeling (forced-choice task) and evaluated the emotional intensity and valence of the expression, as well as the attractiveness and familiarity of the model (7-points rating scales). Overall, results show that happy faces obtained the highest ratings across evaluative dimensions and emotion labeling accuracy. Female (vs. male) models were perceived as more attractive, familiar and positive. The sex of the model also moderated the accuracy of emotional labeling and ratings of different facial expressions. Each picture of the set was categorized as low, moderate, or high for each dimension. Normative data for each stimulus (hits proportion, means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals per evaluative dimension) is available as supplementary material (available at https://osf.io/fvc4m/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Prada
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS - IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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30
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Bittner C, Garrido MV, Harth V, Preisser AM. IgE Reactivity, Work Related Allergic Symptoms, Asthma Severity, and Quality of Life in Bakers with Occupational Asthma. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 921:51-60. [PMID: 27161107 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, bakers with occupational asthma willing to stay in their job are included in an interdisciplinary program of the Social Accident Insurance for Foodstuff and Catering Industry (BGN). The primary aim is to reduce flour dust exposure, and to provide adequate medical treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the program's effect on the disease's course using routinely collected data. Forty three bakers with allergic occupational asthma and with the available baseline level of IgE (f4, f5) were investigated. Changes in IgE related to wheat and rye flour exposure were measured by ImmunoCAP test during follow-up visits. A questionnaire on work-related allergic complaints (WRAC), the Asthma Control Test (ACT), a 10-point scale of asthma severity grade, and quality of life instruments (EQ-5D-5L, Mini-AQLQ) were administered. We found an improvement of asthma severity in 88.4 % of the bakers. WRAC were reported by 65 %; 77 % had good asthma control (ACT ≥ 20); and 81 % had regular asthma medication. A relevant reduction of ≥2 CAP-classes for both allergens was seen in 12 % of the subjects. Health-related and asthma-specific quality of life was high. We conclude that satisfactory asthma control is probably the result of adequate medical management. In a subgroup of bakers with decreased specific IgE, it may also be attributed to reduced allergen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bittner
- Division of Clinical Occupational Medicine, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 10 Seewartenstraße, 20459, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M V Garrido
- Division of Clinical Occupational Medicine, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 10 Seewartenstraße, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Harth
- Division of Clinical Occupational Medicine, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 10 Seewartenstraße, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A M Preisser
- Division of Clinical Occupational Medicine, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 10 Seewartenstraße, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Rodrigues D, Lopes D, Prada M, Thompson D, Garrido MV. A frown emoji can be worth a thousand words: Perceptions of emoji use in text messages exchanged between romantic partners. Telematics and Informatics 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Prada M, Rodrigues D, Garrido MV, Lopes J. Food-pics-PT: Portuguese validation of food images in 10 subjective evaluative dimensions. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Prada M, Rodrigues D, Garrido MV. Deliberate choices or strong motives: Exploring the mechanisms underlying the bias of organic claims on leniency judgments. Appetite 2016; 103:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Farias AR, Garrido MV, Semin GR. Embodiment of abstract categories in space… grounding or mere compatibility effects? The case of politics. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2016; 166:49-53. [PMID: 27043255 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In two experiments, the role played by stimulus response compatibility in driving the spatial grounding of abstract concepts is examined. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to classify politics-related words appearing to the left or the right side of a computer monitor as socialist or conservative. Responses were given by pressing vertically aligned keys and thus orthogonal to the spatial information that may have been implied by the words. Responses given by left or right index finger were counterbalanced. In Experiment 2, a lexical decision task, participants categorized political words or non-words presented to the left or the right auditory channels, by pressing the top/bottom button of a response box. The response category labels (word or non-word) were also orthogonal to the spatial information that may have been implied by the stimulus words. In both experiments, responses were faster when socialism-related words were presented on the left and conservatism-related words were presented on the right, irrespective of the reference of the response keys or labels. Overall, our findings suggest that the spatial grounding of abstract concepts (or at least politics-related ones) is independent of experimentally driven stimulus-response compatibility effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Farias
- William James Center for Research, ISPA- Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarida V Garrido
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Gün R Semin
- William James Center for Research, ISPA- Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal; Koç University, Rumelifeneri, 34450 Sarıyer, İstanbul, Turkey.
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35
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Abstract
The current research considered the question of how performing an action, or merely preparing the body for action, can have an impact on social judgments related to person perception. Participants were asked to ascribe competence and warmth characteristics to a target person by reading a metaphoric text while their body was manipulated to be prepared for the processing of action-congruent information. In Experiment 1, participants whose forward body action matched the metaphoric action described in the text ascribed more competence characteristics to a politician than did control participants. In Experiment 2, participants whose body was merely prepared for forward movement also ascribed more competence characteristics to a politician than did control participants. In addition, the data from Experiment 2 ruled out an alternative non-embodied explanation (i.e., that effect is due to basic associative processes) grounded in the existing literatures on attitudes by demonstrating that body manipulation had no effect on competence when a non-metaphoric text was used. Finally, no evidence was found that body manipulation affects warmth judgments. These studies converge in demonstrating that forward body movements enhance the favorability of competence judgments when these match the metaphoric forward movements described by text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr V Horchak
- CIS-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL)Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Jean-Christophe Giger
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics - CIEO, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal
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Palma TA, Garrido MV, Semin GR. Situating person memory: The role of the visual context on memory for behavioral information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Garrido MV, Garcia-Marques L, Hamilton DL. Enhancing the comparability between part-list cueing and collaborative recall: a gradual part-list cueing paradigm. Exp Psychol 2013; 59:199-205. [PMID: 22411179 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of part-list cueing and of collaborative recall in memory performance have been recently addressed as parallel phenomena. Notably they both impair recall (and boost frequency estimates) and they have been explained by the same underlying mechanisms. However, the comparability between the two paradigms is hindered by a number of procedural differences. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new paradigm that makes standard part-list cueing and collaborative recall more comparable. In our study we compared free recall and frequency estimates of participants in a non-cueing condition with the same performance in a standard part-list cueing condition and in a condition in which part-list cues were gradually presented during recall (as it occurs in collaborative recall). Results indicate that the effects of part-list cueing continued to be reliable in both cueing conditions. Namely, recall was impaired and frequency estimates were boosted relatively to a non-cueing condition. The results obtained with this new method that enhances the direct comparability of the two paradigms provide further evidence for the parallel between the two effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida V Garrido
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, CIS/ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Garrido MV, Garcia-Marques L, Hamilton DL. Hard to Recall But Easy to Judge: Retrieval Strategies in Social Information Processing. Social Cognition 2012. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2012.30.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Garcia-Marques L, Garrido MV, Hamilton DL, Ferreira MB. Effects of correspondence between encoding and retrieval organization in social memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Palma TA, Garrido MV, Semin GR. Grounding person memory in space: Does spatial anchoring of behaviors improve recall? Eur J Soc Psychol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lakens D, Semin GR, Garrido MV. The sound of time: cross-modal convergence in the spatial structuring of time. Conscious Cogn 2010; 20:437-43. [PMID: 20965749 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In a new integration, we show that the visual-spatial structuring of time converges with auditory-spatial left-right judgments for time-related words. In Experiment 1, participants placed past and future-related words respectively to the left and right of the midpoint on a horizontal line, reproducing earlier findings. In Experiment 2, neutral and time-related words were presented over headphones. Participants were asked to indicate whether words were louder on the left or right channel. On critical experimental trials, words were presented equally loud binaurally. As predicted, participants judged future words to be louder on the right channel more often than past-related words. Furthermore, there was a significant cross-modal overlap between the visual-spatial ordering (Experiment 1) and the auditory judgments (Experiment 2), which were continuously related. These findings provide support for the assumption that space and time have certain invariant properties that share a common structure across modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël Lakens
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
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López-Revuelta K, Lorenzo S, Gruss E, Garrido MV, Moreno Barbas JA. [Application of process management in nephrology. Hemodialysis process management]. Nefrologia 2002; 22:329-39. [PMID: 12369124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Total Quality Management techniques have recently been introduced into clinical practice. We describe the application of process management to hemodialysis therapy in a Spanish public hospital. The "ownership" of the hemodialysis process and its limits have been defined. We present a flowchart with all the activities involved in the process and the task description. Monitoring indicators have been selected according to the recommendations of the US Committee on the National Report on Health Care Delivery. Data sources for indicators have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K López-Revuelta
- Unidad de Nefrología Fundación Hospital Alcorcón Budapest, 1 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid.
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