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Madhavan SS, Roa Diaz S, Peralta S, Nomura M, King CD, Lin A, Bhaumik D, Shah S, Blade T, Gray W, Chamoli M, Eap B, Panda O, Diaz D, Garcia TY, Stubbs BJ, Lithgow GJ, Schilling B, Verdin E, Chaudhuri AR, Newman JC. β-hydroxybutyrate is a metabolic regulator of proteostasis in the aged and Alzheimer disease brain. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.03.547547. [PMID: 37461525 PMCID: PMC10349929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Loss of proteostasis is a hallmark of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we identify β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), a ketone body, as a regulator of protein solubility in the aging brain. βHB is a small molecule metabolite which primarily provides an oxidative substrate for ATP during hypoglycemic conditions, and also regulates other cellular processes through covalent and noncovalent protein interactions. We demonstrate βHB-induced protein insolubility across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo mouse systems. This activity is shared by select structurally similar metabolites, is not dependent on covalent protein modification, pH, or solute load, and is observable in mouse brain in vivo after delivery of a ketone ester. Furthermore, this phenotype is selective for pathological proteins such as amyloid-β, and exogenous βHB ameliorates pathology in nematode models of amyloid-β aggregation toxicity. We have generated a comprehensive atlas of the βHB-induced protein insolublome ex vivo and in vivo using mass spectrometry proteomics, and have identified common protein domains within βHB target sequences. Finally, we show enrichment of neurodegeneration-related proteins among βHB targets and the clearance of these targets from mouse brain, likely via βHB-induced autophagy. Overall, these data indicate a new metabolically regulated mechanism of proteostasis relevant to aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Madhavan
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Roa Diaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Peralta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - M Nomura
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - C D King
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - A Lin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D Bhaumik
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - S Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - T Blade
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - W Gray
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - M Chamoli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - B Eap
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Panda
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D Diaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - T Y Garcia
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B J Stubbs
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - G J Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Chaudhuri
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - J C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nomura M, Okamura H, Horie Y, Yap CK, Emmanouil C, Uwai S, Kawai H. Effects of antifouling compounds on the growth of macroalgae Undaria pinnatifida. Chemosphere 2023; 312:137141. [PMID: 36343734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are some of the principal primary producers of marine environments, and they are important ecological elements of coastal ecosystems. The effects of harmful chemicals on seaweeds may adversely affect coastal ecosystems, hence we aimed to develop a new phytotoxicity test using the gametophytes of a common temperate kelp species, Undaria pinnatifida (KU-1630), for the widely used antifouling chemical substances Cybutryne, Diuron, Cu2+, and Zn2+. Toxicity to gametophytes of U. pinnatifida was assessed by comparing the relative growth rate (RGR) at the logarithmic growth phase. Fragmentation method, initial algal biomass, photon irradiance, and adhesive period were investigated for developing optimal test conditions. Cybutryne exposure tests were performed with seven replicates and control, the RGR ranging from 0.17 to 0.19, while mean 7-day EC50 and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) were 5.1 μg/L and 1.8 μg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 for other antifoulants was 14 μg/L for Diuron, 17 μg/L for Cu2+, and 1500 μg/L for Zn2+. This test method demonstrated high sensitivity and reproducibility, and it may be added to the routine methods used for toxicity evaluation of hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - H Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Y Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - C K Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Emmanouil
- School of Spatial Planning and Development, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Uwai
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - H Kawai
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
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Sakasegawa H, Nomura M, Sawayama K, Nakayama T, Yaita Y, Yonekawa H, Kobayashi N, Arima T, Hiyama T, Murata E. Liquid decontamination using acidic electrolyzed water for various uranium-contaminated steel surfaces in dismantled centrifuge. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ando T, Nakashima K, Yoshita H, Sakumura M, Nomura M, Muto M, Fujii H, Horie Y, Takeda H, Yoshii T, Tahara Y, Katada C, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa H, Hosokawa A. P-108 A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer who had previously received docetaxel-containing chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Yoneda T, Tanaka T, Bando K, Choi B, Chang R, Fujiwara Y, Gupta P, Ham D, Karasawa H, Kuwae S, Lee S, Moriya Y, Takakura K, Tsurumaki Y, Watanabe T, Yoshimura K, Nomura M. Nonclinical and quality assessment of cell therapy products: Report on the 4th Asia Partnership Conference of Regenerative Medicine, April 15, 2021. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:892-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Miyazawa Y, Nomura M, Syuto T, Seiji A, Sekine Y, Koike H, Hiroshi M, Suzuki K. The relationship between adherent perinephric fat and sex hormone levels in serum and perinephric fat tissue of patients treated by robotic assisted partial nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nakamura Y, Namikawa K, Yoshikawa S, Kiniwa Y, Maekawa T, Yamasaki O, Isei T, Matsushita S, Nomura M, Nakai Y, Fukushima S, Saito S, Takenouchi T, Tanaka R, Kato H, Otsuka A, Matsuya T, Baba N, Nagase K, Inozume T, Fujimoto N, Kuwatsuka Y, Onishi M, Kaneko T, Onuma T, Umeda Y, Ogata D, Takahashi A, Otsuka M, Teramoto Y, Yamazaki N. Anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy versus anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy as first-line immunotherapy in unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma: a retrospective, multicenter study of 329 Japanese cases (JMAC study). ESMO Open 2021; 6:100325. [PMID: 34839104 PMCID: PMC8633880 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody monotherapy (PD1) has led to favorable responses in advanced non-acral cutaneous melanoma among Caucasian populations; however, recent studies suggest that this therapy has limited efficacy in mucosal melanoma (MCM). Thus, advanced MCM patients are candidates for PD1 plus anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) combination therapy (PD1 + CTLA4). Data on the efficacy of immunotherapy in MCM, however, are limited. We aimed to compare the efficacies of PD1 and PD1 + CTLA4 in Japanese advanced MCM patients. Patients and methods We retrospectively assessed advanced MCM patients treated with PD1 or PD1 + CTLA4 at 24 Japanese institutions. Patient baseline characteristics, clinical responses (RECIST), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and toxicity was assessed to estimate the efficacy and safety of PD1 and PD1 + CTLA4. Results Altogether, 329 patients with advanced MCM were included in this study. PD1 and PD1 + CTLA4 were used in 263 and 66 patients, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar between both treatment groups, except for age (median age 71 versus 65 years; P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the PD1 and PD1 + CTLA4 groups with respect to objective response rate (26% versus 29%; P = 0.26) or PFS and OS (median PFS 5.9 months versus 6.8 months; P = 0.55, median OS 20.4 months versus 20.1 months; P = 0.55). Cox multivariate survival analysis revealed that PD1 + CTLA4 did not prolong PFS and OS (PFS: hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.58-1.19, P = 0.30; OS: HR 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.57-1.38, P = 0.59). The rate of ≥grade 3 immune-related adverse events was higher in the PD1 + CTLA4 group than in the PD1 group (53% versus 17%; P < 0.001). Conclusions First-line PD1 + CTLA4 demonstrated comparable clinical efficacy to PD1 in Japanese MCM patients, but with a higher rate of immune-related adverse events. Anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy (PD1 + CTLA4) is an option for patients with advanced mucosal melanoma (MCM). Data on the efficacy of PD1 + CTLA4 compared with PD-1 monotherapy (PD1) for MCM, however, are limited. We retrospectively analyzed data from 329 Japanese patients with advanced MCM treated with PD1 or PD1 + CTLA4. No significant differences in objective response rate, progression-free survival, or overall survival were observed. Immune-related adverse events resulting in treatment cessation were higher in the PD1 + CTLA4 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - K Namikawa
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Y Kiniwa
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Maekawa
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - O Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Isei
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakai
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - S Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - T Takenouchi
- Department of Dermatology, Niigata Cancer Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - R Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Matsuya
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - N Baba
- Department of Dermatology, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
| | - K Nagase
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - T Inozume
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Y Kuwatsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - M Onishi
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - T Kaneko
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - T Onuma
- Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Japan
| | - Y Umeda
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - D Ogata
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Takahashi
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Y Teramoto
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - N Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohyanagi F, Nomura M, Shiihara J, Mizushina Y, Ohta H, Yamaguchi Y. P37.08 OncomineTM Dx Target Test Companion Diagnostic System for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu Y, Ordonez-Miranda J, Gluchko S, Anufriev R, Meneses DDS, Del Campo L, Volz S, Nomura M. Enhanced thermal conduction by surface phonon-polaritons. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb4461. [PMID: 32998899 PMCID: PMC7527230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving heat dissipation in increasingly miniature microelectronic devices is a serious challenge, as the thermal conduction in nanostructures is markedly reduced by increasingly frequent scattering of phonons on the surface. However, the surface could become an additional heat dissipation channel if phonons couple with photons forming hybrid surface quasiparticles called surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs). Here, we experimentally demonstrate the formation of SPhPs on the surface of SiN nanomembranes and subsequent enhancement of heat conduction. Our measurements show that the in-plane thermal conductivity of membranes thinner than 50 nm doubles up as the temperature rises from 300 to 800 kelvin, while thicker membranes show a monotonic decrease. Our theoretical analysis shows that these thickness and temperature dependencies are fingerprints of SPhP contribution to heat conduction. The demonstrated thermal transport by SPhPs can be useful as a previously unidentified channel of heat dissipation in a variety of fields including microelectronics and silicon photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - J Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
| | - S Gluchko
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - R Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - L Del Campo
- CEMHTI, UPR3079, CNRS, Université Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - S Volz
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Sekine Y, Kotani K, Oka D, Nakayama H, Miyazawa Y, Syuto T, Arai S, Nomura M, Koike H, Matsui H, Shibata Y, Suzuki K. Usefulness of presepsin for detecting sepsis in urinary-tract infections. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ikeda T, Aida M, Yoshida Y, Matsumoto S, Tanaka M, Nakayama J, Nagao Y, Nakata R, Oki E, Akahoshi T, Okano S, Nomura M, Hashizume M, Maehara Y. Alteration in faecal bile acids, gut microbial composition and diversity after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1673-1685. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a well established treatment for severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although the gut microbiota is linked to the efficacy of LSG, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The effect of LSG for morbid obesity on the gut microbiota and bile acids was assessed here.
Methods
Severely obese subjects who were candidates for LSG were included and followed until 6 months after surgery. The composition and abundance of the microbiota and bile acids in faeces were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Results
In total, 28 patients with a mean(s.d.) BMI of 44·2(6·6) kg/m2 were enrolled. These patients had achieved excess weight loss of 53·2(19·0) per cent and showed improvement in metabolic diseases by 6 months after LSG, accompanied by an alteration in the faecal microbial community. The increase in α-diversity and abundance of specific taxa, such as Rikenellaceae and Christensenellaceae, was strongly associated with reduced faecal bile acid levels. These changes had a significant positive association with excess weight loss and metabolic alterations. However, the total number of faecal bacteria was lower in patients before (mean(s.d.) 10·26(0·36) log10 cells per g faeces) and after (10·39(0·29) log10 cells per g faeces) operation than in healthy subjects (10·83(0·27) log10 cells per g faeces).
Conclusion
LSG is associated with a reduction in faecal bile acids and greater abundance of specific bacterial taxa and α-diversity that may contribute to the metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikeda
- Department of Integration of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Oral Medicine Research Centre, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Aida
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - M Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Nagao
- Department of Integration of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - R Nakata
- Department of Integration of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - E Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Akahoshi
- Department of Integration of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Okano
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Hashizume
- Department of Integration of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ishikawa M, Nomura M, Miyoshi M, Nishi N, Yokoyama T, Miura H. A self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of non-communicable disease in Fiji. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:838. [PMID: 31727066 PMCID: PMC6857309 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 80% or more deaths in Pacific island countries, including Fiji, were related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although competency-based approaches have been effective for developing healthcare workers’ capabilities, there are only a few reports on competency scales of healthcare workers for NCD prevention. We aimed to develop a self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of NCDs in Fiji. Methods There were 378 Ministry of Health and Medical Services staff members working on NCD prevention and control in Fiji included in this study, which was a cross-sectional survey of social factors, working situation factors, and competency. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess potential competency components, whereas Cronbach’s α coefficient and analysis of variance were used to assess the validity and reliability of the scale items, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the respondents’ factor scores relative to social status and work situations. Results The factor analysis revealed 16 items that identified competency in four work types: 1) work management, 2) monitoring and evaluation, 3) community partnership, and 4) community diagnosis. The monitoring and evaluation roles were related to ethnic background, community partnership was related to religion, and community diagnosis was related to academic qualifications. Conclusions Based on the results, we developed a competency scale for the four work types. This scale can help healthcare workers engage in better management of residents with NCDs in Fiji.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
| | - M Nomura
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, 3-6 Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - M Miyoshi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, 58-1, Mase, Hamadate, Aomori, 030-8505, Japan
| | - N Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - T Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, 3-6 Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
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Tozaki T, Kusano K, Ishikawa Y, Kushiro A, Nomura M, Kikuchi M, Kakoi H, Hirota K, Miyake T, Hill EW, Nagata S. A candidate-SNP retrospective cohort study for fracture risk in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses. Anim Genet 2019; 51:43-50. [PMID: 31612520 DOI: 10.1111/age.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fractures are medical conditions that compromise the athletic potential of horses and/or the safety of jockeys. Therefore, the reduction of fracture risk is an important horse and human welfare issue. The present study used molecular genetic approaches to determine the effect of genetic risk for fracture at four candidate SNPs spanning the myostatin (MSTN) gene on horse chromosome 18. Among the 3706 Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses, 1089 (29.4%) had experienced fractures in their athletic life, indicating the common occurrence of this injury in Thoroughbreds. In the case/control association study, fractures of the carpus (carpal bones and distal radius) were statistically associated with g.65809482T/C (P = 1.17 x 10-8 ), g.65868604G/T (P = 2.66 x 10-9 ), and g.66493737C/T (P = 6.41 x 10-8 ). In the retrospective cohort study using 1710 racehorses born in 2000, the relative risk (RR) was highest for male horses at g.65868604G/T, based on the dominant allele risk model (RR = 2.251, 95% confidence interval 1.407-3.604, P = 0.00041), and for female horses at g.65868604G/T, based on the recessive allele risk model (RR = 2.313, 95% confidence interval 1.380-3.877, P = 0.00163). Considering the association of these SNPs with racing performance traits such as speed, these genotypes may affect the occurrence of carpus fractures in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses as a consequence of the non-genetic influence of the genotype on the distance and/or intensity of racing and training. The genetic information presented here may contribute to the development of strategic training programs and racing plans for racehorses that improve their health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tozaki
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - K Kusano
- Equine Department, Japan Racing Association, Minato, Tokyo, 106-8401, Japan
| | - Y Ishikawa
- Racehorse Hospital Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3005, Japan
| | - A Kushiro
- Racehorse Hospital Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Miho, Ibaraki, 300-0493, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Racehorse Hospital Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3005, Japan
| | - M Kikuchi
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - H Kakoi
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - K Hirota
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - T Miyake
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - E W Hill
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.,Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Pottery Road, Dun Laoghaire, Co Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Nagata
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
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Nomura M, Nagatomo R, Inoue K, Doi K, Shimizu J, Baba K, Saito T, Matsumoto S, Muto M. Association of SCFA in gut microbiome and clinical response in solid cancer patients treated with andi-PD-1 antibody. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Hisamatsu T, Matsumoto T, Watanabe K, Nakase H, Motoya S, Yoshimura N, Ishida T, Kato S, Nakagawa T, Esaki M, Nagahori M, Matsui T, Naito Y, Kanai T, Suzuki Y, Nojima M, Watanabe M, Hibi T, Ashida T, Endo K, Endo Y, Esaki M, Fujita H, Fujiya M, Haruma K, Hibi T, Hiraoka S, Hirata I, Hisamatsu T, Honda Y, Iijima H, Iizuka B, Ikeya K, Inoue T, Inoue S, Ishida T, Ishiguro Y, Ishihara S, Ito H, Iwakiri R, Kagaya T, Kanai T, Kashida H, Kato S, Kato J, Katsurada T, Kinjyo F, Kobayashi K, Kodama M, Kunisaki R, Kurahara K, Kurokami T, Kyouwon L, Matsuda K, Matsueda K, Matsui T, Matsumoto T, Mitsuyama K, Mizokami Y, Motoya S, Naito Y, Nakagawa T, Nakamura S, Nakase H, Nojima M, Nomura M, Ogawa A, Okazaki K, Otsuka K, Sakuraba H, Saruta M, Sasaki M, Shirai T, Suga T, Sugimura K, Sugiyama T, Suzuki Y, Takeshima F, Tamaki H, Tanaka S, Tanida S, Tominaga K, Tomizawa T, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Watanabe K, Yamamoto S, Yamashita M, Yoshida A, Yoshimura N. Concerns and Side Effects of Azathioprine During Adalimumab Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Japanese Patients With Crohn's Disease: A Subanalysis of a Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial [DIAMOND Study]. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1097-1104. [PMID: 30753377 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining a thiopurine with the human anti-tumour necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody adalimumab for Crohn's disease [CD] treatment is controversial with regard to efficacy and safety. By conducting a subanalysis of a multicentre, randomised, prospective, open-label trial [the DIAMOND study, UMIN registration number 000005146], we studied the risk of discontinuation of thiopurine in combination with adalimumab. METHODS In the preceding DIAMOND study, we analysed the: [i] timing and reasons for dropout in the monotherapy group and combination group; [ii] risk factors for dropout in the combination group. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the dropout rate up to Week 52 between the monotherapy group and combination group [p = 0.325]. The main reason for study dropout was active CD in the monotherapy group, whereas it was adverse effects in the combination group [Fisher's exact test, p <0.001]. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significantly earlier dropout in the combination group [log-rank test, p = 0.001]. Multivariable analysis revealed low body weight to be a risk for dropout due to adverse effects in the combination group. CONCLUSIONS Combination of azathioprine with adalimumab resulted in dropout in the early stage of the study due to side effects of azathioprine, in comparison with late dropout due to active CD in the adalimumab monotherapy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Intestinal Inflammation Research, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Motoya
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagahori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Sakaguchi C, Ashida K, Yano S, Ohe K, Wada N, Hasuzawa N, Matsuda Y, Sakamoto S, Sakamoto R, Uchi H, Furue M, Nomura M, Ogawa Y. A case of nivolumab-induced acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in melanoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:e115-e118. [PMID: 30853818 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, is now considered an important therapeutic agent in several advanced malignancies. However, immune-related adverse events such as endocrinopathies have been reported with its use. Thyroid disorder and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency have frequently been reported as nivolumab-induced immune-related adverse events. Another endocrinopathy is nivolumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm), described as diabetes mellitus with rapid onset and complete insulin insufficiency, at times leading to fulminant t1dm. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who developed pancreatic islet-related autoantibody-negative t1dm, possibly induced by nivolumab, under continuous glucocorticoid administration. She was treated with nivolumab for advanced malignant melanoma, concomitant with 10 mg prednisolone daily for thrombophlebitis tapered to 5 mg after 13 courses of nivolumab therapy. At approximately the 27th course of nivolumab therapy, she showed elevated plasma glucose levels despite preserved insulin secretion. A month later, she developed diabetic ketoacidosis. Her insulin secretion decreased and finally was exhausted. She was diagnosed with acute-onset rather than fulminant t1dm because of a rapidly progressive course to diabetic ketoacidosis during just more than 1 week. She is currently receiving insulin replacement. There has been no recurrence of the melanoma. Thus, nivolumab might induce autoimmune diabetes mellitus, with patients having t1dm-sensitive human leucocyte antigen being more susceptible even when receiving glucocorticoids. Physicians should be aware that nivolumab could potentially induce t1dm as a critical immune-related adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sakaguchi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - K Ashida
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - S Yano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - K Ohe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - N Wada
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - N Hasuzawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - S Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - R Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - H Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - M Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Y Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
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Yamashita C, Otsuka A, Nomura M, Honda T, Kabashima K. Successful treatment of metastatic mucosal melanoma with a Del579 c-KIT mutation by imatinib after treatment of anti-PD-1 antibody. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:e92-e93. [PMID: 30199578 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Department of Clinical oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Nomura M, Andoh M, Yokota T, Miyazaki T, Satake H, Iwasawa S, Sonoda A, Kato K, Muto M. Phase II trial on nivolumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy289.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Nejo T, Matsushita H, Karasaki T, Nomura M, Takayanagi S, Tanaka S, Mukasa A, Kakimi K, Saito N. P04.14 Multiomics analysis on primary and recurrent paired tumors reveals a possible immune evasion mechanism through reduced neoantigen expression in some glioma. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Nejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Matsushita
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Karasaki
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Takayanagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Sonnino C, Nagai M, Kasuya Y, Cavaliere F, Nomura M, Ozaki M. Microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry in two cases of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Osada A, Gloppe A, Hisatomi R, Noguchi A, Yamazaki R, Nomura M, Nakamura Y, Usami K. Brillouin Light Scattering by Magnetic Quasivortices in Cavity Optomagnonics. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:133602. [PMID: 29694172 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A ferromagnetic sphere can support optical vortices in the form of whispering gallery modes and magnetic quasivortices in the form of magnetostatic modes with nontrivial spin textures. These vortices can be characterized by their orbital angular momenta. We experimentally investigate Brillouin scattering of photons in the whispering gallery modes by magnons in the magnetostatic modes, zeroing in on the exchange of the orbital angular momenta between the optical vortices and magnetic quasivortices. We find that the conservation of the orbital angular momentum results in different nonreciprocal behavior in the Brillouin light scattering. New avenues for chiral optics and optospintronics can be opened up by taking the orbital angular momenta as a new degree of freedom for cavity optomagnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osada
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - A Gloppe
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - R Hisatomi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - A Noguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Usami
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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22
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Hamabe Y, Hanai A, Ishiguro H, Kuroda T, Hirota M, Nomura M, Ishikawa H, Muto M. Effects of steroid ointment application on chemotherapy-induced phlebitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx676.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
In search of efficient thermoelectric nanostructures, many theoretical works predicted that nanopillars, placed on the surface of silicon membranes, nanobeams, or nanowires, can reduce the thermal conductivity of these nanostructures. To verify these predictions, we experimentally investigate heat conduction in suspended silicon nanobeams with periodic arrays of aluminium nanopillars. Our room temperature time-domain thermoreflectance experiments show that the nanobeams with nanopillars have 20% lower thermal conductivity as compared to pristine nanobeams. We discuss possible explanations of these data, including coherent effects, and conclude that the thermal conductivity is reduced mainly by phonon scattering at the pillar/beam interface due to the intermixing of aluminium and silicon atoms, as supported by the transmission electron microscopy. As this intermixing does not only reduce thermal conductivity but may also increase electrical conductivity, these nanostructures are exceptionally promising for thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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Umezu R, Koga J, Wang L, Nomura M, Tsutsui H, Egashira K. P691Macrophage dynamin-related protein1 promotes neointima formation after mechanical injury in mouse femoral arteries. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Nomura M, Sakitani N, Iwasawa H, Kohara Y, Takano S, Wakimoto Y, Kuroki H, Moriyama H. Thinning of articular cartilage after joint unloading or immobilization. An experimental investigation of the pathogenesis in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:727-736. [PMID: 27916560 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Moderate mechanical stress generated by normal joint loading and movement is essential for the maintenance of healthy articular cartilage. However, the effects of reduced loading caused by the absence of weight bearing or joint motion on articular cartilage and subchondral bone is still poorly understood. We aimed to characterize morphological and metabolic responses of articular cartilage and subchondral bone to decreased mechanical stress in vivo. METHODS Mice were subjected to periods of hindlimb unloading by tail suspension or external fixation of the knee joints. The articular surface was observed with digital microscope and the epiphyseal bone was assessed by micro-CT analysis. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone were further evaluated by histomorphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The joint surface was intact, but thickness of both the total and uncalcified layer of articular cartilage were decreased both after joint unloading and immobilization. Subchondral bone atrophy with concomitant marrow expansion predisposed osteoclast activity at bone surface to invade into cartilaginous layer. Uncalcified cartilage showed decreased aggrecan content and increased aggrecanase expression. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was increased at uncalcified cartilage, whereas decreased at calcified cartilage. The distributions of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Thinning of articular cartilage induced by mechanical unloading may be mediated by metabolic changes in chondrocytes, including accelerated aggrecan catabolism and exquisitely modulated matrix mineralization, and cartilage matrix degradation and resorption by subchondral osteoclasts. Cartilage degeneration without chondrocyte hypertrophy under unloading condition indicate the possible existence of mechanism which is different from osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - N Sakitani
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - H Iwasawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Sugao 2-16-1, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Y Kohara
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - S Takano
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - Y Wakimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - H Kuroki
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - H Moriyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
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Okuyama K, Ariffn SA, Nomura M. Can foreign trainees be distractive in terms of communication during cardiac surgery? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.02.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kajimura S, Kochiyama T, Nakai R, Abe N, Nomura M. P120 Asymmetric function of the right and left inferior parietal lobule in mind wandering – A tDCS and fMRI study. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hirose K, Kikawada Y, Igarashi Y, Fujiwara H, Jugder D, Matsumoto Y, Oi T, Nomura M. Plutonium, 137Cs and uranium isotopes in Mongolian surface soils. J Environ Radioact 2017; 166:97-103. [PMID: 26830016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plutonium (238Pu and 239,240Pu), 137Cs and plutonium activity ratios (238Pu/239,240Pu) as did uranium isotope ratio (235U/238U) were measured in surface soil samples collected in southeast Mongolia. The 239,240Pu and 137Cs concentrations in Mongolian surface soils (<53 μm of particle size) ranged from 0.42 ± 0.03 to 3.53 ± 0.09 mBq g-1 and from 11.6 ± 0.7 to 102 ± 1 mBq g-1, respectively. The 238Pu/239,240Pu activity ratios in the surface soils (0.013-0.06) coincided with that of global fallout. The 235U/238U atom ratios in the surface soil show the natural one. There was a good correlation between the 239,240Pu and 137Cs concentrations in the surface soils. We introduce the migration depth to have better understanding of migration behaviors of anthropogenic radionuclides in surface soil. We found a difference of the migration behavior between 239,240Pu and 137Cs from 137Cs/239,240Pu - 137Cs plots for the Mongolian and Tsukuba surface soils; plutonium in surface soil is migrated easier than 137Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirose
- Department of Material and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Ciyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
| | - Y Kikawada
- Department of Material and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Ciyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Y Igarashi
- Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052 Japan
| | - H Fujiwara
- Soil Environment Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8601, Japan
| | - D Jugder
- Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Department of Material and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Ciyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - T Oi
- Department of Material and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Ciyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Nomura M, Velleman D, Pierre J, Flament F. Quantitating the lateral skin stiffness by a new and versatile electro-mechanical instrument. Preliminary studies. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:272-282. [PMID: 27896851 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new electro-mechanical device for measuring the lateral stiffness of the skin is now available. It basically allows to recording the forces that the skin opposes to a lateral displacement (1-2 mm) of a pinching type movement. Preliminary assays of this device to various skin sites and an artificial substrate aimed at defining its major characteristics (sensitivity, reproducibility, variations according to skin site). METHODS The calibration of the device (Khelometer® ) and assessment of its reproducibility were carried out through the use of elastometer substrates of various stiffness's. The device was then used, in vivo, at different skin sites (scalp, inner and outer forearms, cheeks) of 213 healthy Japanese women of various ages. The short-time effect of a hydrating regimen (7% glycerol) was recorded on the outer forearm. RESULTS This new device offers an appreciable reproducibility in vitro and in vivo (coefficient of variation of 2-4% and 5-14%, respectively). Unlike other biophysical methods, the Khelometer® can be easily applied onto the human scalp that shows a higher stiffness than the two other skin sites, increasing with age and presence of alopecia. In all the three studied skin sites, the impact of age leads to significantly higher lateral skin stiffness (LSS, expressed as N/mm) values. The latter were found significantly different between the two sides of the forearms where the outer (sun-exposed) side showed statistically slightly higher LSS, than the unexposed inner side. LSS values found on cheeks (≈0.5 N/mm) were about four times lower than those of the scalp (≈2 N/mm) and about half those of forearms (≈1 N/mm). The effect of a 7% glycerol based formula was recorded 20 min post application onto the forearm, leading to a slight drop in LSS (approx. 15%) as compared to a vehicle-applied skin site. CONCLUSION These preliminary studies clearly indicate that this new device, applicable to any skin site, offers appreciable assets such as sensitivity and reproducibility. Accordingly, it appears as a new approach in the non-invasive biophysical measurements of the skin surface, in both advanced and applied research investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Nihon L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - D Velleman
- Nihon L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - J Pierre
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Chevilly-Larue, France
| | - F Flament
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Chevilly-Larue, France
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Nomura M, Wada T, Ishibashi T, Komoriya T, Nagahara T, Chihara T. Development and inter-laboratory study of a method for quantifying zearalenone in pet foods. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for quantifying zearalenone (ZEA) in pet foods using a liquid chromatograph-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometer (LC-APCI-MS) was developed, and an inter-laboratory study was conducted. ZEA was extracted from pet food samples with aqueous acetonitrile. The extract was purified using a multifunctional column, MultiSep 226 Aflazon+, and analysed with LC-APCI-MS. The limit of quantification of ZEA by this method was estimated to be 0.2 mg/kg for dry and semi-dry pet foods, and 0.1 mg/kg for wet pet food. The calibration curve of ZEA for this method showed linearity in the range of 0.1-10 ng of ZEA (0.01-1.0 µg/ml, 0.04-4.0 mg/kg matrix). The mean recoveries, repeatabilities, reproducibilities, and the HorRats for ZEA from the inter-laboratory validation study were 99.0-102%, 2.2-3.0%, 5.6-6.6%, and 0.33-0.36, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nomura
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Wada
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research, Institute, Japan (CERI), Tokyo, Environmental Technology Department, 1600 Shimotakano, Sugito-machi, Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama 345-0043, Japan
| | - T. Ishibashi
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Komoriya
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Nagahara
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Chihara
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
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Brocklehurst P, O'Malley L, Hill H, Ozaki T, Nomura M, Matsuda R. The development and piloting of a leadership questionnaire for general dental practitioners: preliminary results from the North West of England and Tokyo. Br Dent J 2016; 217:E17. [PMID: 25377846 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Key reforms in England and Japan have called for greater clinical leadership from general dental practitioners to deliver improvements in the quality of care for patients. In England, the reorganisation of the National Health Service has led to the development of Local Professional Networks to ensure services are clinically led, patient and outcome focused. In Japan, the rapidly changing demographics have led to calls for general dental practitioners to become more active in meeting the emerging population health challenges. Both require engagement at a strategic and a local level. However, little is known about what is meant by clinical leadership in dentistry or what training needs exist. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a questionnaire to understand what general dental practitioners feel is important about clinical leadership and how they rate themselves. METHODS A 61-item questionnaire was developed from the literature, an earlier qualitative study and refined through cognitive interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to general dental practitioners across the North West of England and Tokyo, using random sequence generation. For each item, the participant had to record whether they thought the statement was an important component of clinical leadership and how they rated themselves. Both were rated using a seven-point Likert scale. Data reduction was undertaken using principal component analysis to examine for factor loadings within the questionnaire. Differences in mean scores were also used to highlight substantive differences in how general dental practitioners rated the different components of leadership and how they rated themselves. RESULTS The response rate for the pilot was low (22.9% and 7.5% for North West and Tokyo respectively). The items that were considered to be important in leadership reduced to two components in the North West (accounting for 62.1% of the total variance): 'How to lead' and 'How not to lead'. In Tokyo, 56.4% of the total variance was explained by three components: 'Demonstrating personal qualities', 'Working with others' and 'How not to lead'. When the self-rated items were reduced, three factors were found to be important in the North West: 'Working with others', 'Setting direction' and 'Managing services' (55.1% of the variance). 'Working with others', 'Demonstrating personal qualities', 'Pragmatism', 'Setting direction' and 'Improving services' were found to be important in Tokyo (52.8% of the variance). The questionnaire items relating to integrity, team-working and having a positive attitude during difficult times were rated highly by both groups. Items relating to providing vision for team, being assertive and having a positive attitude had the greatest mean difference, suggesting possible areas of training need. CONCLUSION The nature of the pilot study and the poor response rate makes any conclusion difficult to infer. Among those that participated, leadership was understood to be more important at a practice level rather than at a strategic level. The questionnaire should be refined further based on the results of the pilot and the data reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brocklehurst
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Manchester
| | - L O'Malley
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Manchester
| | - H Hill
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Manchester
| | - T Ozaki
- Nihon University Dental School, Japan
| | | | - R Matsuda
- College of Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
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Nomura M, Kida S, Uchiyama N, Yamashima T, Yamashita J, Yoshikawa J, Matsui O. Pre-Embolization Study of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms with Helical CT. Interv Neuroradiol 2016; 5 Suppl 1:219-23. [DOI: 10.1177/15910199990050s142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1999] [Accepted: 09/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen ruptured aneurysms in 16 patients considered endovascular embolizations were examined. The findings of axial source images (axial images) and reconstructed three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) of helical CT were compared to those of rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The aneurysmal neck and arterial branches adjacent to the neck were closely investigated. In seven out of 16 cases (43.8%), information provided by axial images and/or 3D-CTA was more useful than that of rotational DSA in evaluating the aneurysmal neck and arterial branches. Helical CT can provide valuable information on ruptured aneurysms that cannot be obtained by rotational DSA in some patients. This technique is useful to obtain anatomical information about aneurysms and to select the best therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Yoshikawa
- Radiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine; Kanazawa
| | - O. Matsui
- Radiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine; Kanazawa
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Osada A, Hisatomi R, Noguchi A, Tabuchi Y, Yamazaki R, Usami K, Sadgrove M, Yalla R, Nomura M, Nakamura Y. Cavity Optomagnonics with Spin-Orbit Coupled Photons. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:223601. [PMID: 27314717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally implement a system of cavity optomagnonics, where a sphere of ferromagnetic material supports whispering gallery modes (WGMs) for photons and the magnetostatic mode for magnons. We observe pronounced nonreciprocity and asymmetry in the sideband signals generated by the magnon-induced Brillouin scattering of light. The spin-orbit coupled nature of the WGM photons, their geometrical birefringence, and the time-reversal symmetry breaking in the magnon dynamics impose the angular-momentum selection rules in the scattering process and account for the observed phenomena. The unique features of the system may find interesting applications at the crossroad between quantum optics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osada
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - R Hisatomi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - A Noguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Y Tabuchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - K Usami
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - M Sadgrove
- Center for Photonic Innovation, University of Electro-Communication, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8285, Japan
| | - R Yalla
- Center for Photonic Innovation, University of Electro-Communication, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8285, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Iwata S, Hirasaki Y, Hamada K, Kondo I, Iwade M, Nomura M, Ozaki M. Evaluation of the coagulation profiles of stored autologous whole blood using rotation thromboelastometry. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ishikawa T, Hayes SA, Keskin S, Corthey G, Hada M, Pichugin K, Marx A, Hirscht J, Shionuma K, Onda K, Okimoto Y, Koshihara SY, Yamamoto T, Cui H, Nomura M, Oshima Y, Abdel-Jawad M, Kato R, Miller RJD. Direct observation of collective modes coupled to molecular orbital-driven charge transfer. Science 2015; 350:1501-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kusano K, Nomura M, Toju K, Ishikawa Y, Minamijima Y, Yamashita S, Nagata S. Pharmacokinetics of procaterol in thoroughbred horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:264-70. [PMID: 26538319 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Procaterol (PCR) is a beta-2-adrenergic bronchodilator widely used in Japanese racehorses for treating lower respiratory disease. The pharmacokinetics of PCR following single intravenous (0.5 μg/kg) and oral (2.0 μg/kg) administrations were investigated in six thoroughbred horses. Plasma and urine concentrations of PCR were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma PCR concentration following intravenous administration showed a biphasic elimination pattern. The systemic clearance was 0.47 ± 0.16 L/h/kg, the steady-state volume of the distribution was 1.21 ± 0.23 L/kg, and the elimination half-life was 2.85 ± 1.35 h. Heart rate rapidly increased after intravenous administration and gradually decreased thereafter. A strong correlation between heart rate and plasma concentration of PCR was observed. Plasma concentrations of PCR after oral administration were not quantifiable in all horses. Urine concentrations of PCR following intravenous and oral administrations were quantified in all horses until 32 h after administration. Urine PCR concentrations were not significantly different on and after 24 h between intravenous and oral administrations. These results suggest that the bioavailability of orally administrated PCR in horses is very poor, and the drug was eliminated from the body slowly based on urinary concentrations. This report is the first study to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic character of PCR in thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kusano
- Equine Department, Japan Racing Association, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Racehorse Hospital, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ritto, Shiga, Japan
| | - K Toju
- Racehorse Hospital, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ritto, Shiga, Japan
| | - Y Ishikawa
- Racehorse Hospital, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ritto, Shiga, Japan
| | - Y Minamijima
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Nagata
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
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Gekka M, Sugiyama T, Nomura M, Kato Y, Nishihara H, Asaoka K. Histologically confirmed case of cerebral vasculitis associated with Crohn's disease--a case report. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:169. [PMID: 26390922 PMCID: PMC4578610 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease (CD) are frequent and well recognized. However, neurological involvement secondary to CD is rare, and there have been few histologically confirmed cases of cerebral vasculitis secondary to CD. CASE PRESENTATION A 58-year-old left-handed man with a history of refractory CD who had fever of over 38 °C, progression of CD symptoms, and Gerstmann's syndrome consulted our hospital. Laboratory data showed elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) and hypoproteinemia. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right parietal high-intensity lesion. Catheter angiography showed segmental multiple narrowing and occlusion in the distal part of the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery. Angiography also revealed multiple venous occlusions in the affected parietal area. To confirm the diagnosis, the patient underwent open biopsy, and histological examination revealed cerebral vasculitis. The patient was then started on high-dose prednisolone (60 mg/day) in addition to his previous therapy, which included mesalazine, adalimumab, and azathioprine. CRP elevation, hypoproteinemia, and gastrointestinal symptoms immediately improved after starting this treatment. Neurological status improved simultaneously with CD symptom improvement, and follow-up brain MRI revealed a reduction in the size of the right parietal lobe lesion. He returned to normal status and was discharged from our hospital 5 weeks after admission. CONCLUSION This is an important case of histologically confirmed cerebral vasculitis associated with CD. The clinical course of our case clearly illustrates the relevance of the occurrence of cerebral vasculitis and the exacerbation of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gekka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, 1-40 Maeda 1-12, Teine-Ku, Sapporo, 006-8555, Japan.
| | - Taku Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, 1-40 Maeda 1-12, Teine-Ku, Sapporo, 006-8555, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Nomura
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, 1-40 Maeda 1-12, Teine-Ku, Sapporo, 006-8555, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Kato
- Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Asaoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, 1-40 Maeda 1-12, Teine-Ku, Sapporo, 006-8555, Japan.
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Iwasawa H, Sakitani N, Nomura M, Watanabe D, Watanabe K, Takano S, Moriyama H. The effects of heat, icing, and stretching on knee joint capsule in rat contracture model of spinal cord injury. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nomura M, Ishibashi T, Komoriya T, Nagahara T, Chihara T. Development and inter-laboratory study of a method for quantification of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 in pet foods. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method to determine fumonisin B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2) and B3 (FB3) in pet foods using a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS) was developed, and an inter-laboratory study was conducted in eleven laboratories. FB1, FB2 and FB3 were extracted with aqueous acetonitrile. The extract was purified by a multifunctional column, MultiSep 211 Fum, and analysed by LC-ESI-MS. The limit of quantification of fumonisins was estimated to be 0.2 mg/kg for dry and semi-dry pet foods, and 0.1 mg/kg for wet pet food. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 0.1-5 ng of fumonisins (0.02-1.0 μg/ml). The values of the mean recovery for FB1 at 0.1-1.0 mg/kg were 93.3-107% and of the relative standard deviation less than 7.9%. These values were 87.3-102 and 8.6% for FB2 and 90.8-102 and 8.6% for FB3, respectively. The mean recovery, repeatability, reproducibility and the Horwitz ratio for FB1 from the inter-laboratory validation study were 92.9-98.9%, 2.6-4.6%, 6.8-10% and 0.41-0.54, respectively. The values for FB2 were 91.5-94.7%, 2.7-5.9%, 6.8-8.9% and 0.33-0.55, respectively, and the values for FB3 were 90.1-94.3%, 3.3-5.9%, 7.3-9.5% and 0.44-0.57, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nomura
- Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Ishibashi
- Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Komoriya
- Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Nagahara
- Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - T. Chihara
- Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Department, Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building, Shintoshin 2-1, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
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Hayashi K, Fujiwara Y, Nomura M, Kamata M, Kojima H, Kohzai M, Sumita K, Tanigawa N. Predictive factors for pericardial effusion identified by heart dose-volume histogram analysis in oesophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2014; 88:20140168. [PMID: 25429644 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictive factors for the development of pericardial effusion (PCE) in patients with oesophageal cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). METHODS From March 2006 to November 2012, patients with oesophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using the following criteria were evaluated: radiation dose >50 Gy; heart included in the radiation field; dose-volume histogram (DVH) data available for analysis; no previous thoracic surgery; and no PCE before treatment. The diagnosis of PCE was independently determined by two radiologists. Clinical factors, the percentage of heart volume receiving >5-60 Gy in increments of 5 Gy (V5-60, respectively), maximum heart dose and mean heart dose were analysed. RESULTS A total of 143 patients with oesophageal cancer were reviewed retrospectively. The median follow-up by CT was 15 months (range, 2.1-72.6 months) after RT. PCE developed in 55 patients (38.5%) after RT, and the median time to develop PCE was 3.5 months (range, 0.2-9.9 months). On univariate analysis, DVH parameters except for V60 were significantly associated with the development of PCE (p < 0.001). No clinical factor was significantly related to the development of PCE. Recursive partitioning analysis including all DVH parameters as variables showed a V10 cut-off value of 72.8% to be the most influential factor. CONCLUSION The present results showed that DVH parameters are strong independent predictive factors for the development of PCE in patients with oesophageal cancer treated with CRT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE A heart dosage was associated with the development of PCE with radiation and without prophylactic nodal irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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Aoki H, Nosho K, Igarashi H, Ito M, Mitsuhashi K, Naito T, Yamamoto E, Tanuma T, Nomura M, Maguchi H, Shinohara T, Suzuki H, Yamamoto H, Shinomura Y. MicroRNA-31 expression in colorectal serrated pathway progression. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12346-12349. [PMID: 25232271 PMCID: PMC4161822 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been increasingly recognized as useful biomarkers for colorectal cancers (CRC). We have recently observed that microRNA-31 (miR-31) expression is associated with BRAF mutation and prognosis in CRC. Moreover, high miR-31 expression is frequently detected in sessile serrated adenomas compared with hyperplastic polyps (HPs). These results suggest that miR-31 may contribute to the progression of serrated lesions. At a follow-up colonoscopy, we observed the case of a 75-year-old man with a 7-mm flat-elevated lesion in the cecum and diagnosed the lesion as an early invasive carcinoma with serrated features. Tissue specimens were obtained from the representative areas to compare the molecular alterations in the carcinoma component with those in the HP component. Higher miR-31 expression was observed in the carcinoma component (57-fold increase) and the HP component (8-fold increase) compared with the paired normal mucosa, suggesting that miR-31 may be one of the key molecules in serrated pathway progression.
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Nomura M, Abe T, Kodaira T, Oze I, Komori A, Narita Y, Masuishi T, Taniguchi H, Kadowaki S, Takahari D, Ura T, Andoh M, Kawai R, Uemura N, Tomita N, Tachibana H, Tanaka T, Tajika M, Niwa Y, Muro K. Comparison of Surgery with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Potentially Resectable Esophageal Cancer: a Propensity-Score Analysis. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu334.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Takamura Y, Kitamura K, Iwamoto T, Nomura M, Ichiba Y, Murakoshi M, Uchiyama A, Manabe Y, Fujita S, Fujii N. PP001-SUN: Outstanding abstract: Ingestion of Panaxatriol Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in KK-AY Mice by Promoting Insulin Dependent Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yu Y, Yang QY, Nomura M, Hamada H. Effect of Pre-Molding Process and Additive of Injection Molded Wood/PP Composites. INT POLYM PROC 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Injection molded composites are becoming more widespread in recent years because of their high quality and low cost. However, compared to synthetic fiber composites, it is difficult to maintain a constant fiber volume fraction and uniform distribution for natural fiber composites during the direct injection process. This is mainly because natural fibers are more easily twisted during feeding into the injection machine, owing to their rough surfaces. These feeding difficulties are particularly due to the low bulk densities of natural fibers, especially natural fillers. Additional challenges to the injection process include the concentration and, especially for natural filler reinforced composite. To address these problems, the current study investigates the mechanical properties and morphologies of polypropylene (PP) reinforced by wood powder. Two pre-molding processes, dry-blending and compounding, were compared, and the effects of an additive (crystalline polyalpha olefin (CPAO)) on the mechanical properties of the wood/PP composites were investigated. This investigation is based on tensile, three point bending, and Izod impact tests, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the fracture surfaces. Results indicated that the composites molded through compounding exhibited better mechanical properties than the samples molded through the direct dry-blending process. In addition, the tensile and bending properties of the composites produced through compounding were found to increase with the addition of CPAO content, because of improved wood powder distribution in the PP matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yu
- Kyoto Institute of Technology , Kyoto , Japan
| | | | - M. Nomura
- Green Plaisir Company , Osaka , Japan
| | - H. Hamada
- Kyoto Institute of Technology , Kyoto , Japan
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Naito T, Nosho K, Ito M, Igarashi H, Mitsuhashi K, Yoshii S, Aoki H, Nomura M, Sukawa Y, Yamamoto E, Adachi Y, Takahashi H, Hosokawa M, Fujita M, Takenouchi T, Maruyama R, Suzuki H, Baba Y, Imai K, Yamamoto H, Ogino S, Shinomura Y. IGF2 differentially methylated region hypomethylation in relation to pathological and molecular features of serrated lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10050-10061. [PMID: 25110432 PMCID: PMC4123334 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) differentially methylated region (DMR)0 hypomethylation in relation to clinicopathological and molecular features in colorectal serrated lesions.
METHODS: To accurately analyze the association between the histological types and molecular features of each type of serrated lesion, we consecutively collected 1386 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens that comprised all histological types [hyperplastic polyps (HPs, n = 121), sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs, n = 132), traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs, n = 111), non-serrated adenomas (n = 195), and colorectal cancers (CRCs, n = 827)]. We evaluated the methylation levels of IGF2 DMR0 and long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) in HPs (n = 115), SSAs (n = 120), SSAs with cytological dysplasia (n = 10), TSAs (n = 91), TSAs with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) (n = 15), non-serrated adenomas (n = 80), non-serrated adenomas with HGD (n = 105), and CRCs (n = 794). For the accurate quantification of the relative methylation levels (scale 0%-100%) of IGF2 DMR0 and LINE-1, we used bisulfite pyrosequencing method. Tumor specimens were analyzed for microsatellite instability, KRAS (codons 12 and 13), BRAF (V600E), and PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20) mutations; MLH1 and MGMT methylation; and IGF2 expression by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The distribution of the IGF2 DMR0 methylation level in 351 serrated lesions and 185 non-serrated adenomas (with or without HGD) was as follows: mean 61.7, median 62.5, SD 18.0, range 5.0-99.0, interquartile range 49.5-74.4. The IGF2 DMR0 methylation level was divided into quartiles (Q1 ≥ 74.5, Q2 62.6-74.4, Q3 49.6-62.5, Q4 ≤ 49.5) for further analysis. With regard to the histological type, the IGF2 DMR0 methylation levels of SSAs (mean ± SD, 73.1 ± 12.3) were significantly higher than those of HPs (61.9 ± 20.5), TSAs (61.6 ± 19.6), and non-serrated adenomas (59.0 ± 15.8) (P < 0.0001). The IGF2 DMR0 methylation level was inversely correlated with the IGF2 expression level (r = -0.21, P = 0.0051). IGF2 DMR0 hypomethylation was less frequently detected in SSAs compared with HPs, TSAs, and non-serrated adenomas (P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that IGF2 DMR0 hypomethylation was inversely associated with SSAs (P < 0.0001). The methylation levels of IGF2 DMR0 and LINE-1 in TSAs with HGD (50.2 ± 18.7 and 55.7 ± 5.4, respectively) were significantly lower than those in TSAs (61.6 ± 19.6 and 58.8 ± 4.7, respectively) (IGF2 DMR0, P = 0.038; LINE-1, P = 0.024).
CONCLUSION: IGF2 DMR0 hypomethylation may be an infrequent epigenetic alteration in the SSA pathway. Hypomethylation of IGF2 DMR0 and LINE-1 may play a role in TSA pathway progression.
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Abstract
The abundance ratios of 234U, 235U, 236U and 238U were determined by mass spectrometry on uranium samples obtained from a chromatographic uranium enrichment process based on the U(IV) - U(VI) chemical exchange reaction. According to standard theory, the elementary isotope effect in processes based on equilibrium chemical exchange is proportional to the mass difference of the isotopes. In the present work this has been confirmed for 234U, 236U and 238U. However, according to the observed data the fractionation between 234U and 235U is much smaller than the one between 235U and 236U in spite of the same mass difference in either isotopic pair. The anomaly of the fractionation is concluded to be due to the characteristics of 235U, which is the only odd mass number isotope in the present system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fujii
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan
| | - M. Nomura
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan
| | - M. Okamoto
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan
| | - H. Onitsuka
- Uranium Enrichment Research Laboratory, Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Takeshimacho, Hyuga, Miyazaki-ken 883, Japan
| | - F. Kawakami
- Uranium Enrichment Research Laboratory, Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Takeshimacho, Hyuga, Miyazaki-ken 883, Japan
| | - K. Takeda
- Uranium Enrichment Research Laboratory, Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Takeshimacho, Hyuga, Miyazaki-ken 883, Japan
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Matsuyama E, Ikeda A, Komatsuzaki M, Sasaki M, Nomura M. High-temperature propylene/propane separation through silica hybrid membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brocklehurst P, Nomura M, Ozaki T, Ferguson J, Matsuda R. Cultural differences in clinical leadership: a qualitative study comparing the attitudes of general dental practitioners from Greater Manchester and Tokyo. Br Dent J 2013; 215:E19. [PMID: 24231888 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leadership has been argued to be a key component in the transformation of services in the United Kingdom and in Japan. In the UK, local professional networks have developed to provide clinician led care in dentistry; working to develop local plans to deliver improvements in the quality of care for patients. In Japan, the remuneration model for dental care has been revised with the aim to improve the service and tackle the current challenges of population health there. The aim of this study was to use semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore general dental practitioners' (GDPs) understanding of the term 'leadership' and determine whether its meaning is culturally bound. METHODS Twelve participants were sampled purposively by the research team; identifying GDPs involved in leadership roles from across Greater Manchester and Tokyo. A set of open-ended questions was developed for semi-structured interviews a priori and the interviews continued until saturation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and codes were developed into a coding frame for thematic analysis. Representative quotations are provided in the results. RESULTS Fourteen codes were identified according to the aims of the study and organised into five overarching themes. 'Leadership as the relationship' was more pronounced among Japanese GDPs, while 'leadership as the individual' was common in GDPs from Greater Manchester. Differences were also found in respect of education and training in leadership. Training was also considered to be important by the GDPs from Japan, while UK GDPs felt leaders were more likely to be influenced by innate qualities. The interdependence of leadership and entrepreneurship was raised by both sets of GDPs. CONCLUSION The concept of leadership was considered to be important by GDPs from both Greater Manchester and Tokyo; leadership was seen as providing strategy and direction for a clinical team. However, cultural influences were evident in how this was conceptualised.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brocklehurst
- Dental Public Health, Department of Dental Public Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Nomura M, Kamata M, Kojima H, Hayashi K. Irsogladine Maleate Reduces Severe Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Definitive Chemoradiotherpy for HNSCC. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt460.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kido
- Nogeyama Zoological Gardens, 63-10, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0032, Japan.
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