1
|
Heller HC, Herzog E, Brager A, Poe G, Allada R, Scheer F, Carskadon M, de la Iglesia HO, Jang R, Montero A, Wright K, Mouraine P, Walker MP, Goel N, Hogenesch J, Van Gelder RN, Kriegsfeld L, Mah C, Colwell C, Zeitzer J, Grandner M, Jackson CL, Roxanne Prichard J, Kay SA, Paul K. The Negative Effects of Travel on Student Athletes Through Sleep and Circadian Disruption. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:5-19. [PMID: 37978840 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231207330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Collegiate athletes must satisfy the academic obligations common to all undergraduates, but they have the additional structural and social stressors of extensive practice time, competition schedules, and frequent travel away from their home campus. Clearly such stressors can have negative impacts on both their academic and athletic performances as well as on their health. These concerns are made more acute by recent proposals and decisions to reorganize major collegiate athletic conferences. These rearrangements will require more multi-day travel that interferes with the academic work and personal schedules of athletes. Of particular concern is additional east-west travel that results in circadian rhythm disruptions commonly called jet lag that contribute to the loss of amount as well as quality of sleep. Circadian misalignment and sleep deprivation and/or sleep disturbances have profound effects on physical and mental health and performance. We, as concerned scientists and physicians with relevant expertise, developed this white paper to raise awareness of these challenges to the wellbeing of our student-athletes and their co-travelers. We also offer practical steps to mitigate the negative consequences of collegiate travel schedules. We discuss the importance of bedtime protocols, the availability of early afternoon naps, and adherence to scheduled lighting exposure protocols before, during, and after travel, with support from wearables and apps. We call upon departments of athletics to engage with sleep and circadian experts to advise and help design tailored implementation of these mitigating practices that could contribute to the current and long-term health and wellbeing of their students and their staff members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Craig Heller
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erik Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison Brager
- U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Fort Bragg, North California, USA
| | - Gina Poe
- UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Bradley Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Rockelle Jang
- UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley Montero
- Department of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kenneth Wright
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philippe Mouraine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Hogenesch
- Department of Genetics, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lance Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Cheri Mah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jamie Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Roxanne Prichard
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song F, Walker MP. Sleep, alcohol, and caffeine in financial traders. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291675. [PMID: 37939019 PMCID: PMC10631622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and caffeine are two of the most commonly used substances for altering human consciousness. While their adverse effects on sleep have been separately examined in the laboratory and epidemiological levels, how they impact real-world night-to-night sleep, in isolation or together, remains unclear. This is especially true in occupations wherein the use of alcohol and caffeine is high (e.g., financial services sector). Using a six-week micro-longitudinal study, here we examined the real-world impact of alcohol, caffeine, and their combined consumption in a cohort of financial traders. We demonstrate that alcohol consumption significantly degrades the subjective quality of sleep (p < 0.001). Caffeine consumption led to a different phenotype of sleep impairment, resulting in a detrimental reduction in sleep quantity (p = 0.019), rather than a marked alteration in sleep quality. Contrary to our hypothesis, when consumed in combination, evening alcohol consumption interacted with ongoing caffeine consumption such that alcohol partially mitigated the impairments in sleep quantity associated with caffeine (p = 0.032). This finding suggests the sedating effects of alcohol and the psychoactive stimulant effects of caffeine obscure each other's impact on sleep quantity and sleep quality, respectively-potentially explaining their interdependent use in this cohort (i.e., "self-medication" of evening sedation with alcohol to combat the prior daytime ingestion of caffeine and vice versa). More generally, these results contribute to a unique understanding of the singular and combinatory impacts of two of the most commonly used substances for augmenting human consciousness under free-living, real-world conditions, the performance-impairing (and thus economic-cost) consequences of which may be important to the business sector and the society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Song
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simon EB, Vallat R, Rossi A, Walker MP. Correction: Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002394. [PMID: 37967305 PMCID: PMC10651221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001733.].
Collapse
|
4
|
Lendner JD, Niethard N, Mander BA, van Schalkwijk FJ, Schuh-Hofer S, Schmidt H, Knight RT, Born J, Walker MP, Lin JJ, Helfrich RF. Human REM sleep recalibrates neural activity in support of memory formation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj1895. [PMID: 37624898 PMCID: PMC10456851 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The proposed mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation involve the overnight regulation of neural activity at both synaptic and whole-network levels. Now, there is a lack of in vivo data in humans elucidating if, and how, sleep and its varied stages balance neural activity, and if such recalibration benefits memory. We combined electrophysiology with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in rodents as well as intracranial and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in humans to reveal a key role for non-oscillatory brain activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to mediate sleep-dependent recalibration of neural population dynamics. The extent of this REM sleep recalibration predicted the success of overnight memory consolidation, expressly the modulation of hippocampal-neocortical activity, favoring remembering rather than forgetting. The findings describe a non-oscillatory mechanism how human REM sleep modulates neural population activity to enhance long-term memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna D. Lendner
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bryce A. Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, 101 The City Dr, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Frank J. van Schalkwijk
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Schuh-Hofer
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert T. Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 130 Barker Hall, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 130 Barker Hall, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jack J. Lin
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis, 3160 Folsom Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Randolph F. Helfrich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vallat R, Shah VD, Walker MP. Coordinated human sleeping brainwaves map peripheral body glucose homeostasis. Cell Rep Med 2023:101100. [PMID: 37421946 PMCID: PMC10394167 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep impairs glucose regulation, increasing the risk of diabetes. However, what it is about the human sleeping brain that regulates blood sugar remains unknown. In an examination of over 600 humans, we demonstrate that the coupling of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep spindles and slow oscillations the night before is associated with improved next-day peripheral glucose control. We further show that this sleep-associated glucose pathway may influence glycemic status through altered insulin sensitivity, rather than through altered pancreatic beta cell function. Moreover, we replicate these associations in an independent dataset of over 1,900 adults. Of therapeutic significance, the coupling between slow oscillations and spindles was the most significant sleep predictor of next-day fasting glucose, even more so than traditional sleep markers, relevant to the possibility of an electroencephalogram (EEG) index of hyperglycemia. Taken together, these findings describe a sleeping-brain-body framework of optimal human glucose homeostasis, offering a potential prognostic sleep signature of glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| | - Vyoma D Shah
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zavecz Z, Shah VD, Murillo OG, Vallat R, Mander BA, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. NREM sleep as a novel protective cognitive reserve factor in the face of Alzheimer's disease pathology. BMC Med 2023; 21:156. [PMID: 37138290 PMCID: PMC10155344 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology impairs cognitive function. Yet some individuals with high amounts of AD pathology suffer marked memory impairment, while others with the same degree of pathology burden show little impairment. Why is this? One proposed explanation is cognitive reserve i.e., factors that confer resilience against, or compensation for the effects of AD pathology. Deep NREM slow wave sleep (SWS) is recognized to enhance functions of learning and memory in healthy older adults. However, that the quality of NREM SWS (NREM slow wave activity, SWA) represents a novel cognitive reserve factor in older adults with AD pathology, thereby providing compensation against memory dysfunction otherwise caused by high AD pathology burden, remains unknown. METHODS Here, we tested this hypothesis in cognitively normal older adults (N = 62) by combining 11C-PiB (Pittsburgh compound B) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for the quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ) with sleep electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to quantify NREM SWA and a hippocampal-dependent face-name learning task. RESULTS We demonstrated that NREM SWA significantly moderates the effect of Aβ status on memory function. Specifically, NREM SWA selectively supported superior memory function in individuals suffering high Aβ burden, i.e., those most in need of cognitive reserve (B = 2.694, p = 0.019). In contrast, those without significant Aβ pathological burden, and thus without the same need for cognitive reserve, did not similarly benefit from the presence of NREM SWA (B = -0.115, p = 0.876). This interaction between NREM SWA and Aβ status predicting memory function was significant after correcting for age, sex, Body Mass Index, gray matter atrophy, and previously identified cognitive reserve factors, such as education and physical activity (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that NREM SWA is a novel cognitive reserve factor providing resilience against the memory impairment otherwise caused by high AD pathology burden. Furthermore, this cognitive reserve function of NREM SWA remained significant when accounting both for covariates, and factors previously linked to resilience, suggesting that sleep might be an independent cognitive reserve resource. Beyond such mechanistic insights are potential therapeutic implications. Unlike many other cognitive reserve factors (e.g., years of education, prior job complexity), sleep is a modifiable factor. As such, it represents an intervention possibility that may aid the preservation of cognitive function in the face of AD pathology, both present moment and longitudinally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Zavecz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Vyoma D Shah
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Olivia G Murillo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Raphael Vallat
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ben Simon E, Vallat R, Rossi A, Walker MP. Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001733. [PMID: 35998121 PMCID: PMC9398015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans help each other. This fundamental feature of homo sapiens has been one of the most powerful forces sculpting the advent of modern civilizations. But what determines whether humans choose to help one another? Across 3 replicating studies, here, we demonstrate that sleep loss represents one previously unrecognized factor dictating whether humans choose to help each other, observed at 3 different scales (within individuals, across individuals, and across societies). First, at an individual level, 1 night of sleep loss triggers the withdrawal of help from one individual to another. Moreover, fMRI findings revealed that the withdrawal of human helping is associated with deactivation of key nodes within the social cognition brain network that facilitates prosociality. Second, at a group level, ecological night-to-night reductions in sleep across several nights predict corresponding next-day reductions in the choice to help others during day-to-day interactions. Third, at a large-scale national level, we demonstrate that 1 h of lost sleep opportunity, inflicted by the transition to Daylight Saving Time, reduces real-world altruistic helping through the act of donation giving, established through the analysis of over 3 million charitable donations. Therefore, inadequate sleep represents a significant influential force determining whether humans choose to help one another, observable across micro- and macroscopic levels of civilized interaction. The implications of this effect may be non-trivial when considering the essentiality of human helping in the maintenance of cooperative, civil society, combined with the reported decline in sufficient sleep in many first-world nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eti Ben Simon
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Rossi
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Robbins R, Quan SF, Buysse D, Weaver MD, Walker MP, Drake CL, Monten K, Barger LK, Rajaratnam SM, Roth T, Czeisler CA. A Nationally Representative Survey Assessing Restorative Sleep in US Adults. Front Sleep 2022; 1:935228. [PMID: 36042946 PMCID: PMC9423762 DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2022.935228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Restorative sleep is a commonly used term but a poorly defined construct. Few studies have assessed restorative sleep in nationally representative samples. We convened a panel of 7 expert physicians and researchers to evaluate and enhance available measures of restorative sleep. We then developed the revised Restorative Sleep Questionnaire (REST-Q), which comprises 9 items assessing feelings resulting from the prior sleep episode, each with 5-point Likert response scales. Finally, we assessed the prevalence of high, somewhat, and low REST-Q scores in a nationally representative sample of US adults (n= 1,055) and examined the relationship of REST-Q scores with other sleep and demographic characteristics. Pairwise correlations were performed between the REST-Q scores and other self-reported sleep measures. Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare scores on the REST-Q with demographic variables. The prevalence of higher REST-Q scores (4 or 5 on the Likert scale) was 28.1% in the nationally representative sample. REST-Q scores positively correlated with sleep quality (r=0.61) and sleep duration (r=0.32), and negatively correlated with both difficulty falling asleep (r=-0.40) and falling back asleep after waking (r=-0.41). Higher restorative sleep scores (indicating more feelings of restoration upon waking) were more common among those who were: ≥60 years of age (OR=4.20, 95%CI: 1.92-9.17); widowed (OR=2.35, 95%CI:1.01-5.42), and retired (OR=2.02, 95%CI:1.30-3.14). Higher restorative sleep scores were less frequent among those who were not working (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.10-1.00) and living in a household with two or more persons (OR=0.51,95%CI:0.29-0.87). Our findings suggest that the REST-Q may be useful for assessing restorative sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart F. Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D. Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura K. Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shantha M.W. Rajaratnam
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University; Melbourne, Victoria, AU
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health; Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Roth
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital; Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsereteli N, Vallat R, Fernandez-Tajes J, Delahanty LM, Ordovas JM, Drew DA, Valdes AM, Segata N, Chan AT, Wolf J, Berry SE, Walker MP, Spector TD, Franks PW. Impact of insufficient sleep on dysregulated blood glucose control under standardised meal conditions. Diabetologia 2022; 65:356-365. [PMID: 34845532 PMCID: PMC8741723 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether an individual's sleep quality, duration and timing impact glycaemic response to a breakfast meal the following morning. METHODS Healthy adults' data (N = 953 [41% twins]) were analysed from the PREDICT dietary intervention trial. Participants consumed isoenergetic standardised meals over 2 weeks in the clinic and at home. Actigraphy was used to assess sleep variables (duration, efficiency, timing) and continuous glucose monitors were used to measure glycaemic variation (>8000 meals). RESULTS Sleep variables were significantly associated with postprandial glycaemic control (2 h incremental AUC), at both between- and within-person levels. Sleep period time interacted with meal type, with a smaller effect of poor sleep on postprandial blood glucose levels when high-carbohydrate (low fat/protein) (pinteraction = 0.02) and high-fat (pinteraction = 0.03) breakfasts were consumed compared with a reference 75 g OGTT. Within-person sleep period time had a similar interaction (high carbohydrate: pinteraction = 0.001, high fat: pinteraction = 0.02). Within- and between-person sleep efficiency were significantly associated with lower postprandial blood glucose levels irrespective of meal type (both p < 0.03). Later sleep midpoint (time deviation from midnight) was found to be significantly associated with higher postprandial glucose, in both between-person and within-person comparisons (p = 0.035 and p = 0.051, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Poor sleep efficiency and later bedtime routines are associated with more pronounced postprandial glycaemic responses to breakfast the following morning. A person's deviation from their usual sleep pattern was also associated with poorer postprandial glycaemic control. These findings underscore sleep as a modifiable, non-pharmacological therapeutic target for the optimal regulation of human metabolic health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03479866.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neli Tsereteli
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda M Delahanty
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Diabetes Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana M Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham BRC at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutritional Research, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The clinical and societal measurement of human sleep has increased exponentially in recent years. However, unlike other fields of medical analysis that have become highly automated, basic and clinical sleep research still relies on human visual scoring. Such human-based evaluations are time-consuming, tedious, and can be prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel algorithm trained and validated on +30,000 hr of polysomnographic sleep recordings across heterogeneous populations around the world. This tool offers high sleep-staging accuracy that matches human scoring accuracy and interscorer agreement no matter the population kind. The software is designed to be especially easy to use, computationally low-demanding, open source, and free. Our hope is that this software facilitates the broad adoption of an industry-standard automated sleep staging software package.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Winer JR, Morehouse A, Fenton L, Harrison TM, Ayangma L, Reed M, Kumar S, Baker SL, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Tau and β-Amyloid Burden Predict Actigraphy-Measured and Self-Reported Impairment and Misperception of Human Sleep. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7687-7696. [PMID: 34290080 PMCID: PMC8425979 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0353-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with poor sleep, but the impact of tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology on sleep remains largely unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that tau and Aβ predict unique impairments in objective and self-perceived human sleep under real-life, free-living conditions. Eighty-nine male and female cognitively healthy older adults received 18F-FTP-tau and 11C-PIB-Aβ PET imaging, 7 nights of sleep actigraphy and questionnaire measures, and neurocognitive assessment. Tau burden, but not Aβ, was associated with markedly worse objective sleep. In contrast, Aβ and tau were associated with worse self-reported sleep quality. Of clinical relevance, Aβ burden predicted a unique perceptual mismatch between objective and subject sleep evaluation, with individuals underestimating their sleep. The magnitude of this mismatch was further predicted by worse executive function. Thus, early-stage tau and Aβ deposition are linked with distinct phenotypes of real-world sleep impairment, one that includes a cognitive misperception of their own sleep health.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alzheimer's disease is associated with sleep disruption, often before significant memory decline. Thus, real-life patterns of sleep behavior have the potential to serve as a window into early disease progression. In 89 cognitive healthy older adults, we found that tau burden was associated with worse wristwatch actigraphy-measured sleep quality, and that both tau and β-amyloid were independently predictive of self-reported sleep quality. Furthermore, individuals with greater β-amyloid deposition were more likely to underestimate their sleep quality, and sleep quality underestimation was associated with worse executive function. These data support the role of sleep impairment as a key marker of early Alzheimer's disease, and offer the possibility that actigraphy may be an affordable and scalable tool in quantifying Alzheimer's disease-related behavioral changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Winer
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Allison Morehouse
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Laura Fenton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Lylian Ayangma
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Mark Reed
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Samika Kumar
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ben Simon E, Rossi A, Harvey AG, Walker MP. Author Correction: Overanxious and underslept. Nat Hum Behav 2020; 4:1321. [PMID: 33257882 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eti Ben Simon
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Aubrey Rossi
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Winer JR, Mander BA, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep disturbance is associated with longitudinal Aβ accumulation in healthy older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew P. Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Winer JR, Morehouse A, Fenton LE, Harrison TM, Baker SL, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sensitivity of objective and subjective sleep features to tau and Aβ burden in healthy older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.044950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew P. Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Winer JR, Mander BA, Kumar S, Reed M, Baker SL, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep Disturbance Forecasts β-Amyloid Accumulation across Subsequent Years. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4291-4298.e3. [PMID: 32888482 PMCID: PMC7642104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental sleep-wake disruption in rodents and humans causally modulates β-amyloid (Aβ) dynamics (e.g., [1-3]). This leads to the hypothesis that, beyond cross-sectional associations, impaired sleep structure and physiology could represent prospective biomarkers of the speed with which Aβ accumulates over time. Here, we test the hypothesis that initial baseline measures of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) and sleep quality (efficiency) provide future forecasting sensitivity to the rate of Aβ accumulation over subsequent years. A cohort of clinically normal older adults was assessed using objective sleep polysomnography in combination with longitudinal tracking of Aβ accumulation with [11C]PiB positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Both the proportion of NREM SWA below 1 Hz and the measure of sleep efficiency predicted the speed (slope) of subsequent Aβ deposition over time, and these associations remained robust when taking into account additional cofactors of interest (e.g., age, sex, sleep apnea). Moreover, these measures were specific, such that no other macro- and microphysiological architecture metrics of sleep demonstrated such sensitivity. Our data support the proposal that objective sleep markers could be part of a set of biomarkers that statistically forecast the longitudinal trajectory of cortical Aβ deposition in the human brain. Sleep may therefore represent a potentially affordable, scalable, repeatable, and non-invasive tool for quantifying of Aβ pathological progression, prior to cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Winer
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive, Orange, CA 92697, USA
| | - Samika Kumar
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mark Reed
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lendner JD, Helfrich RF, Mander BA, Romundstad L, Lin JJ, Walker MP, Larsson PG, Knight RT. An electrophysiological marker of arousal level in humans. eLife 2020; 9:e55092. [PMID: 32720644 PMCID: PMC7394547 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and general anesthesia with propofol are prominent states of reduced arousal linked to the occurrence of synchronized oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is also associated with diminished arousal levels, it is characterized by a desynchronized, 'wake-like' EEG. This observation implies that reduced arousal states are not necessarily only defined by synchronous oscillatory activity. Using intracranial and surface EEG recordings in four independent data sets, we demonstrate that the 1/f spectral slope of the electrophysiological power spectrum, which reflects the non-oscillatory, scale-free component of neural activity, delineates wakefulness from propofol anesthesia, NREM and REM sleep. Critically, the spectral slope discriminates wakefulness from REM sleep solely based on the neurophysiological brain state. Taken together, our findings describe a common electrophysiological marker that tracks states of reduced arousal, including different sleep stages as well as anesthesia in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna D Lendner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Randolph F Helfrich
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchTuebingenGermany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Medical Center TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Luis Romundstad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oslo Medical CenterOsloNorway
| | - Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Pal G Larsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oslo Medical CenterOsloNorway
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Why does poor-quality sleep lead to atherosclerosis? In a diverse sample of over 1,600 individuals, we describe a pathway wherein sleep fragmentation raises inflammatory-related white blood cell counts (neutrophils and monocytes), thereby increasing atherosclerosis severity, even when other common risk factors have been accounted for. Improving sleep quality may thus represent one preventive strategy for lowering inflammatory status and thus atherosclerosis risk, reinforcing public health policies focused on sleep health. Why does poor quality sleep correlate with cardiovascular disease? A large population-based study suggests that fragmented sleep contributes to atherosclerosis in humans by increasing inflammatory-related activity of white blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Vyoma D. Shah
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Attia
- Attia Medical, PC, San Diego and New York City, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ben Simon E, Vallat R, Barnes CM, Walker MP. Sleep Loss and the Socio-Emotional Brain. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:435-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
20
|
Winer JR, Mander BA, Helfrich RF, Maass A, Harrison TM, Baker SL, Knight RT, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep as a Potential Biomarker of Tau and β-Amyloid Burden in the Human Brain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6315-6324. [PMID: 31209175 PMCID: PMC6687908 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0503-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent proposals suggest that sleep may be a factor associated with accumulation of two core pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD): tau and β-amyloid (Aβ). Here we combined PET measures of Aβ and tau, electroencephalogram sleep recordings, and retrospective sleep evaluations to investigate the potential utility of sleep measures in predicting in vivo AD pathology in male and female older adults. Regression analyses revealed that the severity of impaired slow oscillation-sleep spindle coupling predicted greater medial temporal lobe tau burden. Aβ burden was not associated with coupling impairment but instead predicted the diminished amplitude of <1 Hz slow-wave-activity, results that were statistically dissociable from each other. Additionally, comparisons of AD pathology and retrospective, self-reported changes in sleep duration demonstrated that changes in sleep across the lifespan can predict late-life Aβ and tau burden. Thus, quantitative and qualitative features of human sleep represent potential noninvasive, cost-effective, and scalable biomarkers (current and future forecasting) of AD pathology, and carry both therapeutic and public health implications.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Several studies have linked sleep disruption to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ), the primary pathological features of AD, are associated with both objective and subjective changes in sleep. However, it remains unknown whether late life tau and Aβ burden are associated with distinct impairments in sleep physiology or changes in sleep across the lifespan. Using polysomnography, retrospective questionnaires, and tau- and Aβ-specific PET, the present study reveals human sleep signatures that dissociably predict levels of brain tau and Aβ in older adults. These results suggest that a night of polysomnography may aid in evaluating tau and Aβ burden, and that treating sleep deficiencies within decade-specific time windows may serve in delaying AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Winer
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Orange, California 92697
| | - Randolph F Helfrich
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Anne Maass
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg 39120, Germany, and
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eichenlaub JB, van Rijn E, Gaskell MG, Lewis PA, Maby E, Malinowski JE, Walker MP, Boy F, Blagrove M. Incorporation of recent waking-life experiences in dreams correlates with frontal theta activity in REM sleep. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:637-647. [PMID: 29868897 PMCID: PMC6022568 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and its main oscillatory feature, frontal theta, have been related to the processing of recent emotional memories. As memories constitute much of the source material for our dreams, we explored the link between REM frontal theta and the memory sources of dreaming, so as to elucidate the brain activities behind the formation of dream content. Twenty participants were woken for dream reports in REM and slow wave sleep (SWS) while monitored using electroencephalography. Eighteen participants reported at least one REM dream and 14 at least one SWS dream, and they, and independent judges, subsequently compared their dream reports with log records of their previous daily experiences. The number of references to recent waking-life experiences in REM dreams was positively correlated with frontal theta activity in the REM sleep period. No such correlation was observed for older memories, nor for SWS dreams. The emotional intensity of recent waking-life experiences incorporated into dreams was higher than the emotional intensity of experiences that were not incorporated. These results suggest that the formation of wakefulness-related dream content is associated with REM theta activity, and accords with theories that dreaming reflects emotional memory processing taking place in REM sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychological Science, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Maby
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Frederic Boy
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Agajanian MJ, Walker MP, Axtman AD, Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Serafin DS, Rabinowitz AD, Graham DM, Ryan MB, Tamir T, Nakamichi Y, Gammons MV, Bennett JM, Couñago RM, Drewry DH, Elkins JM, Gileadi C, Gileadi O, Godoi PH, Kapadia N, Müller S, Santiago AS, Sorrell FJ, Wells CI, Fedorov O, Willson TM, Zuercher WJ, Major MB. WNT Activates the AAK1 Kinase to Promote Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LRP6 and Establish a Negative Feedback Loop. Cell Rep 2019; 26:79-93.e8. [PMID: 30605688 PMCID: PMC6315376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin-dependent WNT signal transduction governs development, tissue homeostasis, and a vast array of human diseases. Signal propagation through a WNT-Frizzled/LRP receptor complex requires proteins necessary for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Paradoxically, CME also negatively regulates WNT signaling through internalization and degradation of the receptor complex. Here, using a gain-of-function screen of the human kinome, we report that the AP2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1), a known CME enhancer, inhibits WNT signaling. Reciprocally, AAK1 genetic silencing or its pharmacological inhibition using a potent and selective inhibitor activates WNT signaling. Mechanistically, we show that AAK1 promotes clearance of LRP6 from the plasma membrane to suppress the WNT pathway. Time-course experiments support a transcription-uncoupled, WNT-driven negative feedback loop; prolonged WNT treatment drives AAK1-dependent phosphorylation of AP2M1, clathrin-coated pit maturation, and endocytosis of LRP6. We propose that, following WNT receptor activation, increased AAK1 function and CME limits WNT signaling longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Agajanian
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roberta R Ruela-de-Sousa
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - D Stephen Serafin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex D Rabinowitz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meagan B Ryan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tigist Tamir
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0704, Japan
| | - Melissa V Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - James M Bennett
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nirav Kapadia
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - André S Santiago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Winer JR, Mander BA, Helfrich RF, Maass A, Harrison TM, Baker SL, Knight RT, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. IC‐P‐131: HUMAN IN VIVO TAU PATHOLOGY, IMPAIRED NREM SLEEP OSCILLATIONS AND MEMORY DECLINE IN AGING. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Maass
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburgGermany
| | | | | | | | - William J. Jagust
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilckens KA, Ferrarelli F, Walker MP, Buysse DJ. Slow-Wave Activity Enhancement to Improve Cognition. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:470-482. [PMID: 29628198 PMCID: PMC6015540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA), and its coupling with other sleep features, reorganizes cortical circuitry, supporting cognition. This raises the question: can cognition be improved through SWA enhancement? SWA enhancement techniques range from behavioral interventions (such as exercise), which have high feasibility but low specificity, to laboratory-based techniques (such as transcranial stimulation), which have high specificity but are less feasible for widespread use. In this review we describe the pathways through which SWA is enhanced. Pathways encompass enhanced neural activity, increased energy metabolism, and endocrine signaling during wakefulness; also direct enhancement during sleep. We evaluate the robustness and practicality of SWA-enhancement techniques, discuss approaches for determining a causal role of SWA on cognition, and present questions to clarify the mechanisms of SWA-dependent cognitive improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Seyedmahmoud R, Wang Y, Thiagarajan G, Gorski JP, Reed Edwards R, McGuire JD, Walker MP. Oral cancer radiotherapy affects enamel microhardness and associated indentation pattern morphology. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:1795-1803. [PMID: 29151196 PMCID: PMC5908727 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the effects of in vitro and in vivo high-dose radiotherapy on microhardness and associated indentation pattern morphology of enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inner, middle, and outer microhardness of enamel was evaluated using three experimental groups: control (non-radiated); in vitro irradiated; in vivo irradiated. In vitro specimens were exposed to simulated radiotherapy, and in vivo specimens were extracted teeth from oral cancer patients previously treated with radiotherapy. Indentations were measured via SEM images to calculate microhardness values and to assess the mechanomorphological properties of enamel before and after radiotherapy. RESULTS Middle and outer regions of enamel demonstrated a significant decrease in microhardness after in vitro and in vivo irradiation compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Two indentation patterns were observed: pattern A-presence of microcracks around indent periphery, which represents local dissipation of deformation energy; pattern B-clean, sharp indents. The percentage of clean microindentation patterns, compared to controls, was significantly higher following in vitro and in vivo irradiation in all enamel regions. The highest percentage of clean microindentations (65%) was observed in the in vivo irradiated group in the inner region of enamel near the dentin-enamel junction. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this study shows that in vitro and in vivo irradiation alters enamel microhardness. Likewise, the indentation pattern differences suggest that enamel may become more brittle following in vitro and in vivo irradiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The mechanomorphological property changes of enamel following radiation may be a contributory component of pathologic enamel delamination following oral cancer radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Seyedmahmoud
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - G Thiagarajan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - J P Gorski
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Center of Excellence in Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - R Reed Edwards
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - J D McGuire
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - M P Walker
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 East 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eichenlaub JB, van Rijn E, Phelan M, Ryder L, Gaskell MG, Lewis PA, P Walker M, Blagrove M. The nature of delayed dream incorporation ('dream-lag effect'): Personally significant events persist, but not major daily activities or concerns. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12697. [PMID: 29682834 PMCID: PMC6849581 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of details from waking life events into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams has been found to be highest on the 2 nights after, and then 5–7 nights after, the event. These are termed, respectively, the day‐residue and dream‐lag effects. This study is the first to categorize types of waking life experiences and compare their incorporation into dreams across multiple successive nights. Thirty‐eight participants completed a daily diary each evening and a dream diary each morning for 14 days. In the daily diary, three categories of experiences were reported: major daily activities (MDAs), personally significant events (PSEs) and major concerns (MCs). After the 14‐day period each participant identified the correspondence between items in their daily diaries and subsequent dream reports. The day‐residue and dream‐lag effects were found for the incorporation of PSEs into dreams (effect sizes of .33 and .27, respectively), but only for participants (n = 19) who had a below‐median total number of correspondences between daily diary items and dream reports (termed “low‐incorporators” as opposed to “high‐incorporators”). Neither the day‐residue or dream‐lag effects were found for MDAs or MCs. This U‐shaped timescale of incorporation of events from daily life into dreams has been proposed to reflect REM sleep‐dependent memory consolidation, possibly related to emotional memory processing. This study had a larger sample size of dreams than any dream‐lag study hitherto with trained participants. Coupled with previous successful replications, there is thus substantial evidence supporting the dream‐lag effect and further explorations of its mechanism, including its neural underpinnings, are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine van Rijn
- Swansea University Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mairéad Phelan
- Swansea University Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Larnia Ryder
- Swansea University Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M Gareth Gaskell
- Sleep, Language and Memory Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychology and Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Swansea University Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is a known trigger of anxiety. Nevertheless, not everyone experiences these effects to the same extent. One determining factor is sex, wherein women experience a greater anxiogenic impact in response to sleep loss than men. However, the underlying brain mechanism(s) governing this sleep-loss-induced anxiety increase, including the markedly different reaction in women and men, is unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that structural brain morphology in a discrete network of emotion-relevant regions represents one such explanatory factor. Healthy participants were assessed across sleep-rested and sleep-deprived conditions, with brain structure quantified using gray matter volume measures. Sleep loss triggered greater levels of anxiety in women compared with men. Reduced gray matter volume in the anterior insula and lateral orbitofrontal cortex predicted the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss in women, yet predicted resilience in men, and did so with high discrimination accuracy. In contrast, gray matter volume in ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss in both men and women. Structural human brain morphology therefore appears to represent one mechanistic pathway (and possible biomarker) determining anxiety vulnerability to sleep loss-a discovery that may help explain the higher prevalence of sleep disruption and anxiety in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski
- University of California, Berkeley
- Stanford University
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System
| | | | - Jared M. Saletin
- University of California, Berkeley
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | - Leanne M. Williams
- Stanford University
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Herzog CR, Berzins DW, DenBesten P, Gregory RL, Hargreaves KM, Messer RLW, Mina M, Mooney MP, Paine ML, Phillips C, Presland RB, Quivey RG, Scannapieco FA, Sheridan JF, Svoboda KKH, Trackman PC, Walker MP, Walker SG, Wang CY, Hu JCC. Oral Sciences PhD Program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016. J Dent Res 2018; 97:483-491. [PMID: 29328868 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517749506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, dental schools in the United States have endured a significant faculty shortage. Studies have determined that the top 2 sources of dental faculty are advanced education programs and private practice. Those who have completed both DDS and PhD training are considered prime candidates for dental faculty positions. However, there is no national database to track those trainees and no evidence to indicate that they entered academia upon graduation. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of dental school-affiliated oral sciences PhD program enrollment, graduates, and placement between 1994 and 2016. Using the American Dental Association annual survey of advanced dental education programs not accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and data obtained from 22 oral sciences PhD programs, we assessed student demographics, enrollment, graduation, and placement. Based on the data provided by program directors, the average new enrollment was 33, and graduation was 26 per year. A total of 605 graduated; 39 did not complete; and 168 were still in training. Among those 605 graduates, 211 were faculty in U.S. academic institutions, and 77 were faculty in foreign institutions. Given that vacant budgeted full-time faculty positions averaged 257 per year during this period, graduates from those oral sciences PhD programs who entered academia in the United States would have filled 9 (3.6%) vacant faculty positions per year. Therefore, PhD programs have consistently generated only a small pipeline of dental school faculty. Better mentoring to retain talent in academia is necessary. Stronger support and creative funding plans are essential to sustain the PhD program. Furthermore, the oral sciences PhD program database should be established and maintained by dental professional organizations to allow assessments of training models, trends of enrollment, graduation, and placement outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Herzog
- 1 DDS Class of 2020, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D W Berzins
- 2 Graduate Program Director for Dental Biomaterials and Professor of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - P DenBesten
- 3 Professor, Department of Orofacial Sciences, and Director, Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R L Gregory
- 4 Associate Dean for Graduate Education, and Director, PhD Dental Science Program, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K M Hargreaves
- 5 Professor and Chair, Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R L W Messer
- 6 Program Director of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Mina
- 7 Professor and Chair, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M P Mooney
- 8 Professor and Chair, Department of Oral Biology, and Director, Oral Biology Graduate Program, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Paine
- 9 Professor of Dentistry, Director of the Graduate Program in Craniofacial Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Phillips
- 10 Associate Dean, Advanced Dental Education and Graduate Studies, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R B Presland
- 11 Associate Professor and Director, Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R G Quivey
- 12 Director, Center for Oral Biology, and Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - F A Scannapieco
- 13 Professor and Chair, Department of Oral Biology, and Associate Dean for Faculty and Professional Development, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J F Sheridan
- 14 Professor of Biosciences, OSU College of Dentistry, and Associate Director, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- 15 Regents Professor, Oral Biology Graduate Program Director, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P C Trackman
- 16 Professor, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Director of Graduate Programs, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M P Walker
- 17 Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Programs, and Director, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Programs, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S G Walker
- 18 Associate Professor and Graduate Program Director, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Y Wang
- 19 Professor and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies, Chair of the Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J C C Hu
- 20 Professor, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, and Director of Oral Health Sciences PhD Program, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Soehner AM, Kaplan KA, Saletin JM, Talbot LS, Hairston IS, Gruber J, Eidelman P, Walker MP, Harvey AG. You'll feel better in the morning: slow wave activity and overnight mood regulation in interepisode bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2018; 48:249-260. [PMID: 28625231 PMCID: PMC5736461 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are prominent correlates of acute mood episodes and inadequate recovery in bipolar disorder (BD), yet the mechanistic relationship between sleep physiology and mood remains poorly understood. Using a series of pre-sleep mood inductions and overnight sleep recording, this study examined the relationship between overnight mood regulation and a marker of sleep intensity (non-rapid eye movement sleep slow wave activity; NREM SWA) during the interepisode phase of BD. METHODS Adults with interepisode BD type 1 (BD; n = 20) and healthy adult controls (CTL; n = 23) slept in the laboratory for a screening night, a neutral mood induction night (baseline), a happy mood induction night, and a sad mood induction night. NREM SWA (0.75-4.75 Hz) was derived from overnight sleep EEG recordings. Overnight mood regulation was evaluated using an affect grid pleasantness rating post-mood induction (pre-sleep) and the next morning. RESULTS Overnight mood regulation did not differ between groups following the sad or happy inductions. SWA did not significantly change for either group on the sad induction night compared with baseline. In BD only, SWA on the sad night was related to impaired overnight negative mood regulation. On the happy induction night, SWA increased relative to baseline in both groups, though SWA was not related to overnight mood regulation for either group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that SWA disruption may play a role in sustaining negative mood state from the previous night in interepisode BD. However, positive mood state could enhance SWA in bipolar patients and healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - K A Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry,Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford, CA,USA
| | - J M Saletin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Providence, RI,USA
| | - L S Talbot
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center,San Francisco, CA,USA
| | - I S Hairston
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv - Jaffa,Jaffa,Israel
| | - J Gruber
- Department of Psychology,University of Colorado,Boulder, Boulder, CO,USA
| | - P Eidelman
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Science Center,Oakland, CA,USA
| | - M P Walker
- Department of Psychology,University of California,Berkeley, Berkeley, CA,USA
| | - A G Harvey
- Department of Psychology,University of California,Berkeley, Berkeley, CA,USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Helfrich RF, Mander BA, Jagust WJ, Knight RT, Walker MP. Old Brains Come Uncoupled in Sleep: Slow Wave-Spindle Synchrony, Brain Atrophy, and Forgetting. Neuron 2017; 97:221-230.e4. [PMID: 29249289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The coupled interaction between slow-wave oscillations and sleep spindles during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep has been proposed to support memory consolidation. However, little evidence in humans supports this theory. Moreover, whether such dynamic coupling is impaired as a consequence of brain aging in later life, contributing to cognitive and memory decline, is unknown. Combining electroencephalography (EEG), structural MRI, and sleep-dependent memory assessment, we addressed these questions in cognitively normal young and older adults. Directional cross-frequency coupling analyses demonstrated that the slow wave governs a precise temporal coordination of sleep spindles, the quality of which predicts overnight memory retention. Moreover, selective atrophy within the medial frontal cortex in older adults predicted a temporal dispersion of this slow wave-spindle coupling, impairing overnight memory consolidation and leading to forgetting. Prefrontal-dependent deficits in the spatiotemporal coordination of NREM sleep oscillations therefore represent one pathway explaining age-related memory decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randolph F Helfrich
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, 101 The City Dr., Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Walker MP, Cowlen M, Christensen D, Miyamoto M, Barley P, Crowder T. Nonclinical safety assessment of SPX-101, a novel peptide promoter of epithelial sodium channel internalization for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:356-365. [PMID: 28984146 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1366602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ENaC inhibition has long been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. However, previous attempts at developing ENaC inhibitors have been unsuccessful due to complications arising from systemic circulation of the compounds. Here, we describe the preclinical toxicology assessment of a new inhaled peptide promoter of ENaC internalization delivered as a nebulized aerosol. METHODS Preclinical assessment of SPX-101 safety was determined using an in vitro hERG assay, bolus injection of SPX-101 in a canine cardiovascular and respiratory safety pharmacology model and 28-day inhalation toxicology studies of nebulized drug in rats and dogs. RESULTS SPX101 had no effects on the respiratory, cardiac or central nervous systems. The 28-day inhalation toxicology studies of nebulized SPX-101 in rats and dogs revealed no drug-related adverse events. Plasma levels of SPX-101 peaked less than 1 h after the end of treatment in rats and were below the limit of detection in canine models. CONCLUSIONS SPX-101, a novel peptide promoter of ENaC internalization, elicited no adverse effects at doses up to the MFD and in excess of the highest preclinical efficacious and expected clinical doses. In contrast to channel blockers like amiloride and derivative small molecules, SPX-101 does not achieve significant systemic circulation, thus doses are not limited due to toxic side effects like hyperkalemia and weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt Cowlen
- b Cowlen Consulting, LLC , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Scott DW, Walker MP, Sesma J, Wu B, Stuhlmiller TJ, Sabater JR, Abraham WM, Crowder TM, Christensen DJ, Tarran R. SPX-101 Is a Novel Epithelial Sodium Channel-targeted Therapeutic for Cystic Fibrosis That Restores Mucus Transport. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:734-744. [PMID: 28481660 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is caused by the loss of function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) combined with hyperactivation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In the lung, ENaC is responsible for movement of sodium. Hyperactivation of ENaC, which creates an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid out of the airway, contributes to reduced airway hydration, causing mucus dehydration, decreased mucociliary clearance, and recurrent acute bacterial infections. ENaC represents a therapeutic target to treat all patients with CF independent of their underlying CFTR mutation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of SPX-101, a peptide mimetic of the natural regulation of ENaC activity by short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1, known as SPLUNC1. METHODS ENaC internalization by SPX-101 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and CF donors was assessed by surface biotinylation and subsequent Western blot analysis. SPX-101's in vivo therapeutic effect was assessed by survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice, mucus transport in these mice, and mucus transport in a sheep model of CF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SPX-101 binds selectively to ENaC and promotes internalization of the α-, β-, and γ-subunits. Removing ENaC from the membrane with SPX-101 causes a significant decrease in amiloride-sensitive current. The peptide increases survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice to greater than 90% with once-daily dosing by inhalation. SPX-101 increased mucus transport in the β-ENaC mouse model as well as the sheep model of CF. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SPX-101 promotes durable reduction of ENaC membrane concentration, leading to significant improvements in mucus transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bryant Wu
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Juan R Sabater
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | - William M Abraham
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | | | | | - Robert Tarran
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina.,3 Marsico Lung Institute and.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yi JJ, Paranjape SR, Walker MP, Choudhury R, Wolter JM, Fragola G, Emanuele MJ, Major MB, Zylka MJ. The autism-linked UBE3A T485A mutant E3 ubiquitin ligase activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting the proteasome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12503-12515. [PMID: 28559284 PMCID: PMC5535025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UBE3A is a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase whose dysfunction is linked to autism, Angelman syndrome, and cancer. Recently, we characterized a de novo autism-linked UBE3A mutant (UBE3AT485A) that disrupts phosphorylation control of UBE3A activity. Through quantitative proteomics and reporter assays, we found that the UBE3AT485A protein ubiquitinates multiple proteasome subunits, reduces proteasome subunit abundance and activity, stabilizes nuclear β-catenin, and stimulates canonical Wnt signaling more effectively than wild-type UBE3A. We also found that UBE3AT485A activates Wnt signaling to a greater extent in cells with low levels of ongoing Wnt signaling, suggesting that cells with low basal Wnt activity are particularly vulnerable to UBE3AT485A mutation. Ligase-dead UBE3A did not stimulate Wnt pathway activation. Overexpression of several proteasome subunits reversed the effect of UBE3AT485A on Wnt signaling. We also observed that subunits that interact with UBE3A and affect Wnt signaling are located along one side of the 19S regulatory particle, indicating a previously unrecognized spatial organization to the proteasome. Altogether, our findings indicate that UBE3A regulates Wnt signaling in a cell context-dependent manner and that an autism-linked mutation exacerbates these signaling effects. Our study has broad implications for human disorders associated with UBE3A gain or loss of function and suggests that dysfunctional UBE3A might affect additional proteins and pathways that are sensitive to proteasome activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Yi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Smita R Paranjape
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Rajarshi Choudhury
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Justin M Wolter
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Giulia Fragola
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Mark J Zylka
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Older adults do not sleep as well as younger adults. Why? What alterations in sleep quantity and quality occur as we age, and are there functional consequences? What are the underlying neural mechanisms that explain age-related sleep disruption? This review tackles these questions. First, we describe canonical changes in human sleep quantity and quality in cognitively normal older adults. Second, we explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that may account for these human sleep alterations. Third, we consider the functional consequences of age-related sleep disruption, focusing on memory impairment as an exemplar. We conclude with a discussion of a still-debated question: do older adults simply need less sleep, or rather, are they unable to generate the sleep that they still need?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Mander
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mander BA, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep: A Novel Mechanistic Pathway, Biomarker, and Treatment Target in the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease? Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:552-566. [PMID: 27325209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disruption appears to be a core component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its pathophysiology. Signature abnormalities of sleep emerge before clinical onset of AD. Moreover, insufficient sleep facilitates accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), potentially triggering earlier cognitive decline and conversion to AD. Building on such findings, this review has four goals: evaluating (i) associations and plausible mechanisms linking non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep disruption, Aβ, and AD; (ii) a role for NREM sleep disruption as a novel factor linking cortical Aβ to impaired hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation; (iii) the potential diagnostic utility of NREM sleep disruption as a new biomarker of AD; and (iv) the possibility of sleep as a new treatment target in aging, affording preventative and therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Mander
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kraeutler MJ, Bozzay JD, Walker MP, John K. Response. J Neurosurg Spine 2016; 24:676-677. [PMID: 27482582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
|
39
|
Poncio S, Dequech STB, Bolzan A, Güths C, Walker MP, Sturza VS, Nava DE. Effect of temperature on immatures of Stiretrus decastigmus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:495-9. [PMID: 26983086 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stiretrus decastigmus (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important predator of the insect pest Microtheca ochroloma Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The present study investigated the pre-imaginal development of S. decastigmus at different temperatures. The temperatures were: 20, 25, and 30 °C, with a relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a photofase of 12 h, and the nymphs were fed larvae of M. ochroloma. We evaluated the duration and viability of the egg and nymphal stages, the duration of each instar, and the predation potential. The incubation time decreased with increasing temperature, and the viability was highest at 25 °C. The duration of the nymphal stage was inversely proportional to the temperature, ranging from 18 days at 30 °C to 40.6 days at 20 °C. The highest S. decastigmus predation rates were found at 20 °C (90.4 larvae) and 30 °C (72.5 larvae). S. decastigmus showed the highest viability and lowest consumption of larvae of M. ochroloma at 25 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Poncio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S T B Dequech
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A Bolzan
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Güths
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M P Walker
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V S Sturza
- Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D E Nava
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Greer SM, Goldstein AN, Knutson B, Walker MP. A Genetic Polymorphism of the Human Dopamine Transporter Determines the Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Responses to Rewards and Punishments. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:803-10. [PMID: 26918589 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite an emerging link between alterations in motivated behavior and a lack of sleep, the impact of sleep deprivation on human brain mechanisms of reward and punishment remain largely unknown, as does the role of trait dopamine activity in modulating such effects in the mesolimbic system. Combining fMRI with an established incentive paradigm and individual genotyping, here, we test the hypothesis that trait differences in the human dopamine transporter (DAT) gene-associated with altered synaptic dopamine signalling-govern the impact of sleep deprivation on neural sensitivity to impending monetary gains and losses. Consistent with this framework, markedly different striatal reward responses were observed following sleep loss depending on the DAT functional polymorphisms. Only participants carrying a copy of the nine-repeat DAT allele-linked to higher phasic dopamine activity-expressed amplified striatal response during anticipation of monetary gain following sleep deprivation. Moreover, participants homozygous for the ten-repeat DAT allele-linked to lower phasic dopamine activity-selectively demonstrated an increase in sensitivity to monetary loss within anterior insula following sleep loss. Together, these data reveal a mechanistic dependency on human of trait dopaminergic function in determining the interaction between sleep deprivation and neural processing of rewards and punishments. Such findings have clinical implications in disorders where the DAT genetic polymorphism presents a known risk factor with comorbid sleep disruption, including attention hyperactive deficit disorder and substance abuse.
Collapse
|
41
|
Connor EE, Evock-Clover CM, Walker MP, Elsasser TH, Kahl S. COMPARATIVE GUT PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Comparative physiology of glucagon-like peptide-2: Implications and applications for production and health of ruminants. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:492-501. [PMID: 26020740 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of proglucagon by prohormone convertase 1/3 in enteroendocrine L cells. Studies conducted in humans, in rodent models, and in vitro indicate that GLP-2 is secreted in response to the presence of molecules in the intestinal lumen, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and bile acids, which are detected by luminal chemosensors. The physiological actions of GLP-2 are mediated by its G protein-coupled receptor expressed primarily in the intestinal tract on enteric neurons, enteroendocrine cells, and myofibroblasts. The biological activity of GLP-2 is further regulated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV, which rapidly cleaves the N-terminus of GLP-2 that is responsible for GLP-2 receptor activation. Within the gut, GLP-2 increases nutrient absorption, crypt cell proliferation, and mesenteric blood flow and decreases gut permeability and motility, epithelial cell apoptosis, and inflammation. Outside the gut, GLP-2 reduces bone resorption, can suppress appetite, and is cytoprotective in the lung. Thus, GLP-2 has been studied intensively as a therapeutic to improve intestinal function of humans during parenteral nutrition and following small bowel resection and, more recently, as a treatment for osteoporosis and obesity-related disorders and to reduce cellular damage associated with inflammation of the gut and lungs. Recent studies demonstrate that many biological actions and properties of GLP-2 in ruminants are similar to those in nonruminants, including the potential to reduce intestinal nitro-oxidative stress in calves caused by parasitic diseases such as coccidiosis. Because of its beneficial impacts on nutrient absorption, gut healing, and normal gut development, GLP-2 therapy offers significant opportunities to improve calf health and production efficiency. However, GLP-2 therapies require an extended time course to achieve desired physiological responses, as well as daily administration because of the hormone's short half-life. Thus, practical means of administration and alternative strategies to enhance basal GLP-2 secretion (e.g., through specific feed additives), which are more likely to achieve consumer acceptance, are needed. Opportunities to address these challenges are discussed.
Collapse
|
42
|
Goldstein-Piekarski AN, Greer SM, Saletin JM, Walker MP. Sleep Deprivation Impairs the Human Central and Peripheral Nervous System Discrimination of Social Threat. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10135-45. [PMID: 26180190 PMCID: PMC4502254 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5254-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial expressions represent one of the most salient cues in our environment. They communicate the affective state and intent of an individual and, if interpreted correctly, adaptively influence the behavior of others in return. Processing of such affective stimuli is known to require reciprocal signaling between central viscerosensory brain regions and peripheral-autonomic body systems, culminating in accurate emotion discrimination. Despite emerging links between sleep and affective regulation, the impact of sleep loss on the discrimination of complex social emotions within and between the CNS and PNS remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate in humans that sleep deprivation impairs both viscerosensory brain (anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala) and autonomic-cardiac discrimination of threatening from affiliative facial cues. Moreover, sleep deprivation significantly degrades the normally reciprocal associations between these central and peripheral emotion-signaling systems, most prominent at the level of cardiac-amygdala coupling. In addition, REM sleep physiology across the sleep-rested night significantly predicts the next-day success of emotional discrimination within this viscerosensory network across individuals, suggesting a role for REM sleep in affective brain recalibration. Together, these findings establish that sleep deprivation compromises the faithful signaling of, and the "embodied" reciprocity between, viscerosensory brain and peripheral autonomic body processing of complex social signals. Such impairments hold ecological relevance in professional contexts in which the need for accurate interpretation of social cues is paramount yet insufficient sleep is pervasive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Goldstein-Piekarski
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - Jared M Saletin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Walker MP, Mander BA, Marks S, Rao V, Lu BS, Saletin J, Ancoli-Israel S, Jagust WJ. F2‐02‐03: Beta‐amyloid deposition in the human brain disrupts nrem slow wave sleep and associated hippocampus‐dependent long‐term memory. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shawn Marks
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Vikram Rao
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The authors report the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with a cervicothoracolumbosacral spinal subdural abscess about a month after receiving an epidural steroid injection for management of low-back pain due to L5-S1 disc herniation. Although he presented with symptoms concerning for a spinal etiology, the subdural empyema was not evident on the initial MRI study and was observed on imaging 5 days later. This patient was successfully managed with surgical intervention and antibiotic treatment, and he is doing well more than 21 months after the operation. It is possible that a prior history of disc herniation or other spinal abnormality may increase a patient's risk of developing spinal subdural empyema. This case illustrates the risk of infection following spinal epidural steroid injections and the importance of early recognition and intervention to successfully treat an extensive subdural abscess.
Collapse
|
45
|
Reed R, Xu C, Liu Y, Gorski JP, Wang Y, Walker MP. Radiotherapy effect on nano-mechanical properties and chemical composition of enamel and dentine. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:690-7. [PMID: 25766468 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand radiotherapy-induced dental lesions characterized by enamel loss or delamination near the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ), this study evaluated enamel and dentine nano-mechanical properties and chemical composition before and after simulated oral cancer radiotherapy. DESIGN Sections from seven non-carious third molars were exposed to 2 Gy fractions, 5 days/week for 7 weeks for a total of 70 Gy. Nanoindentation was used to evaluate Young's modulus, while Raman microspectroscopy was used to measure protein/mineral ratios, carbonate/phosphate ratios, and phosphate peak width. All measures were completed prior to and following radiation at the same four buccal and lingual sites 500 and 30 μm from the DEJ in enamel and dentine (E-500, E-30, D-30 and D-500). RESULTS The elastic modulus of enamel and dentine was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) following radiation. Based on Raman spectroscopic analysis, there was a significant decrease in the protein to mineral ratio (2931/430 cm(-1)) following radiation at all sites tested except at D-500, while the carbonate to phosphate ratio (1070/960 cm(-1)) increased at E-30 and decreased at D-500. Finally, phosphate peak width as measured by FWHM at 960 cm(-1) significantly decreased at both D-30 and D-500 following radiation. CONCLUSIONS Simulated radiotherapy produced an increase in the stiffness of enamel and dentine near the DEJ. Increased stiffness is speculated to be the result of the radiation-induced decrease in the protein content, with the percent reduction much greater in the enamel sites. Such changes in mechanical properties and chemical composition could potentially contribute to DEJ biomechanical failure leading to enamel delamination that occurs post-radiotherapy. However, other analyses are required for a better understanding of radiotherapy-induced effects on tooth structure to improve preventive and restorative treatments for oral cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Reed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - C Xu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - J P Gorski
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States; Center of Excellencein Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States; Center of Excellencein Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - M P Walker
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States; Center of Excellencein Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Walker MP, Stopford CM, Cederlund M, Fang F, Jahn C, Rabinowitz AD, Goldfarb D, Graham DM, Yan F, Deal AM, Fedoriw Y, Richards KL, Davis IJ, Weidinger G, Damania B, Major MB. FOXP1 potentiates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra12. [PMID: 25650440 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXP1 (forkhead box protein P1) is a master regulator of stem and progenitor cell biology. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), copy number amplifications and chromosomal translocations result in overexpression of FOXP1. Increased abundance of FOXP1 in DLBCL is a predictor of poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. We developed a genome-wide, mass spectrometry-coupled, gain-of-function genetic screen, which revealed that FOXP1 potentiates β-catenin-dependent, Wnt-dependent gene expression. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in cell models and zebrafish confirmed that FOXP1 was a general and conserved enhancer of Wnt signaling. In a Wnt-dependent fashion, FOXP1 formed a complex with β-catenin, TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like 2), and the acetyltransferase CBP [CREB (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein)-binding protein], and this complex bound the promoters of Wnt target genes. FOXP1 promoted the acetylation of β-catenin by CBP, and acetylation was required for FOXP1-mediated potentiation of β-catenin-dependent transcription. In DLBCL, we found that FOXP1 promoted sensitivity to Wnt pathway inhibitors, and knockdown of FOXP1 or blocking β-catenin transcriptional activity slowed xenograft tumor growth. These data connect excessive FOXP1 with β-catenin-dependent signal transduction and provide a molecular rationale for Wnt-directed therapy in DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Charles M Stopford
- Division of Microbiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516-7361, USA
| | - Maria Cederlund
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Christopher Jahn
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alex D Rabinowitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Allison M Deal
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics Core Facility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Kristy L Richards
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516-7361, USA
| | - Ian J Davis
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Blossom Damania
- Division of Microbiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516-7361, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA. Division of Microbiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516-7361, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Walker MP, Major MB, VanHook AM. Science Signaling
Podcast: 3 February 2015. Sci Signal 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling inhibitors could be used to treat a common type of lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Michael B. Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516-7361, USA
| | - Annalisa M. VanHook
- Web Editor, Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Astill RG, Piantoni G, Raymann RJEM, Vis JC, Coppens JE, Walker MP, Stickgold R, Van Der Werf YD, Van Someren EJW. Sleep spindle and slow wave frequency reflect motor skill performance in primary school-age children. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:910. [PMID: 25426055 PMCID: PMC4227520 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The role of sleep in the enhancement of motor skills has been studied extensively in adults. We aimed to determine involvement of sleep and characteristics of spindles and slow waves in a motor skill in children. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized sleep-dependence of skill enhancement and an association of interindividual differences in skill and sleep characteristics. METHODS 30 children (19 females, 10.7 ± 0.8 years of age; mean ± SD) performed finger sequence tapping tasks in a repeated-measures design spanning 4 days including 1 polysomnography (PSG) night. Initial and delayed performance were assessed over 12 h of wake; 12 h with sleep; and 24 h with wake and sleep. For the 12 h with sleep, children were assigned to one of three conditions: modulation of slow waves and spindles was attempted using acoustic perturbation, and compared to yoked and no-sound control conditions. ANALYSES Mixed effect regression models evaluated the association of sleep, its macrostructure and spindles and slow wave parameters with initial and delayed speed and accuracy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Children enhance their accuracy only over an interval with sleep. Unlike previously reported in adults, children enhance their speed independent of sleep, a capacity that may to be lost in adulthood. Individual differences in the dominant frequency of spindles and slow waves were predictive for performance: children performed better if they had less slow spindles, more fast spindles and faster slow waves. On the other hand, overnight enhancement of accuracy was most pronounced in children with more slow spindles and slower slow waves, i.e., the ones with an initial lower performance. Associations of spindle and slow wave characteristics with initial performance may confound interpretation of their involvement in overnight enhancement. Slower frequencies of characteristic sleep events may mark slower learning and immaturity of networks involved in motor skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Astill
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Sleep Centre, Slotervaartziekenhuis Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Piantoni
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy J E M Raymann
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jose C Vis
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Sleepvision, Berg en Dal Netherlands
| | - Joris E Coppens
- Department of Technology and Software Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ysbrand D Van Der Werf
- Department of Emotion and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University and Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
McGuire JD, Gorski JP, Dusevich V, Wang Y, Walker MP. Type IV collagen is a novel DEJ biomarker that is reduced by radiotherapy. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1028-34. [PMID: 25146181 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514548221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dental basement membrane (BM) is composed of collagen types IV, VI, VII, and XVII, fibronectin, and laminin and plays an inductive role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. The BM is degraded and removed during later-stage tooth morphogenesis; however, its original position defines the location of the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) in mature teeth. We recently demonstrated that type VII collagen is a novel component of the inner enamel organic matrix layer contiguous with the DEJ. Since it is frequently co-expressed with and forms functional complexes with type VII collagen, we hypothesized that type IV collagen should also be localized to the DEJ in mature human teeth. To identify collagen IV, we first evaluated defect-free erupted teeth from various donors. To investigate a possible stabilizing role, we also evaluated extracted teeth exposed to high-dose radiotherapy--teeth that manifest post-radiotherapy DEJ instability. We now show that type IV collagen is a component within the morphological DEJ of posterior and anterior teeth from individuals aged 18 to 80 yr. Confocal microscopy revealed that immunostained type IV collagen was restricted to the 5- to 10-µm-wide optical DEJ, while collagenase treatment or previous in vivo tooth-level exposure to > 60 Gray irradiation severely reduced immunoreactivity. This assignment was confirmed by Western blotting with whole-tooth crown and enamel extracts. Without reduction, type IV collagen contained macromolecular α-chains of 225 and 250 kDa. Compositionally, our results identify type IV collagen as the first macromolecular biomarker of the morphological DEJ of mature teeth. Given its network structure and propensity to stabilize the dermal-epidermal junction, we propose that a collagen-IV-enriched DEJ may, in part, explain its well-known fracture toughness, crack propagation resistance, and stability. In contrast, loss of type IV collagen may represent a biochemical rationale for the DEJ instability observed following oral cancer radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D McGuire
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry
| | - J P Gorski
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry Center of Excellence in Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - V Dusevich
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry Center of Excellence in Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - M P Walker
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry Center of Excellence in Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shah PK, Walker MP, Sims CE, Major MB, Allbritton NL. Dynamics and evolution of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling revealed through massively parallel clonogenic screening. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:673-84. [PMID: 24871928 PMCID: PMC4098877 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is of significant interest due to the roles it plays in regulating development, tissue regeneration and disease. Transcriptional reporters have been widely employed to study Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction in live cells and whole organisms and have been applied to understanding embryonic development, exploring oncogenesis and developing therapeutics. Polyclonal heterogeneity in reporter cell lines has historically been seen as a challenge to be overcome in the development of novel cell lines and reporter-based assays, and monoclonal reporter cell lines are commonly employed to reduce this variability. A375 cell lines infected with a reporter for Wnt/β-catenin signaling were screened over short (<6) and long (>25) generational timescales. To characterize phenotypic divergence over these time-scales, a microfabricated cell array-based screen was developed enabling characterization of 1119 clonal colonies in parallel. This screen revealed phenotypic divergence after <6 generations at a similar scale to that observed in monoclonal cell lines cultured for >25 generations. Not only were reporter dynamics observed to diverge widely, but monoclonal cell lines were observed with seemingly opposite signaling phenotypes. Additionally, these observations revealed a generational-dependent trend in Wnt signaling in A375 cells that provides insight into the pathway's mechanisms of positive feedback and self-inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavak K Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|