1
|
Toselli M, Cereda AC, Giannini FG, Scoccia AS, Gallone GG, Palmisano AP, Vignale DV, Esposito AE. The role of cardiovascular calcifications in COVID-19. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary, thoracic aorta and aortic valve calcium can be measured from a non-gated chest computer tomography (CT) and are validated predictors of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, their prognostic role in acute systemic inflammatory diseases, such as COVID-19, has not been investigated.
Purpose
The principal aim was to evaluate the association of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and total thoracic calcium on in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Then, to evaluate the prognostic impact of clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD), as assessed by CAC.
Methods
1093 consecutive patients from 16 Italian hospitals with a positive swab for COVID-19 and an admission chest CT for pneumonia severity assessment were included in the SCORE COVID-19 registry (calcium score for COVID-19 Risk Evaluation). At CT, coronary, aortic valve and thoracic aorta calcium were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated separately and combined together (total thoracic calcium) by a central Core-lab blinded to patients' outcomes. A specific sub analysis on CAC was performed stratifying the patients in three groups: (a) “clinical CAD” (prior revascularization history), (b) “subclinical CAD” (CAC >0), (c) “No CAD” (CAC=0). In-hospital mortality was the primary endpoint, while a composite of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident (MI/CVA) was the secondary one.
Results
Non-survivors compared to survivors had higher coronary artery [(487.7±565.3 vs 207.7±406.8, p<0.001)], aortic valve [(322.4±390.9 vs 98.2±250.7 mm2, p<0.001)] and thoracic aorta [(3786.7±4225.5 vs 1487.6±2973.1 mm2, p<0.001)] calcium values. Coronary artery calcium (HR 1.308; 95% CI, 1.046 - 1.637, p=0.019) and total thoracic calcium (HR 1.975; 95% CI, 1.200 - 3.251, p=0.007) resulted to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In the sub - analysis increasing rates of in-hospital mortality (11.3% vs. 27.3% vs. 39.8%, p<0.001) and MI/CVA events (2.3% vs. 3.8% vs. 11.9%, p<0.001) were observed from the No CAD to the clinical CAD groups. Among patients with subclinical CAD, increasing CAC burden was associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality (20.5% vs. 27.9% vs. 38.7% for patients with CAC score thresholds ≤100, 101–400 and >400, respectively, p<0.001)
Conclusion
Coronary, aortic valve and thoracic aortic calcium assessment on admission non-gated CT permits to stratify the COVID-19 patients in-hospital mortality risk. Cardiovascular calcifications may represent a bystander of an impaired vascular reserve, both microvascular and endothelial, but also a sign of vascular senescence. Therefore, it can be considered an index of biological frailty, likely more accurate than age and other risk factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Toselli
- University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A C Cereda
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | | | - G G Gallone
- A.O.U. Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Binini N, Talpo F, Spaiardi P, Maniezzi C, Pedrazzoli M, Raffin F, Mattiello N, Castagno AN, Masetto S, Yanagawa Y, Dickson CT, Ramat S, Toselli M, Biella GR. Membrane Resonance in Pyramidal and GABAergic Neurons of the Mouse Perirhinal Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:703407. [PMID: 34366789 PMCID: PMC8339929 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.703407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is a polymodal associative region of the temporal lobe that works as a gateway between cortical areas and hippocampus. In recent years, an increasing interest arose in the role played by the PRC in learning and memory processes, such as object recognition memory, in contrast with certain forms of hippocampus-dependent spatial and episodic memory. The integrative properties of the PRC should provide all necessary resources to select and enhance the information to be propagated to and from the hippocampus. Among these properties, we explore in this paper the ability of the PRC neurons to amplify the output voltage to current input at selected frequencies, known as membrane resonance. Within cerebral circuits the resonance of a neuron operates as a filter toward inputs signals at certain frequencies to coordinate network activity in the brain by affecting the rate of neuronal firing and the precision of spike timing. Furthermore, the ability of the PRC neurons to resonate could have a fundamental role in generating subthreshold oscillations and in the selection of cortical inputs directed to the hippocampus. Here, performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from perirhinal pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons of GAD67-GFP+ mice, we found, for the first time, that the majority of PRC neurons are resonant at their resting potential, with a resonance frequency of 0.5–1.5 Hz at 23°C and of 1.5–2.8 Hz at 36°C. In the presence of ZD7288 (blocker of HCN channels) resonance was abolished in both pyramidal neurons and interneurons, suggesting that Ih current is critically involved in resonance generation. Otherwise, application of TTx (voltage-dependent Na+ channel blocker) attenuates the resonance in pyramidal neurons but not in interneurons, suggesting that only in pyramidal neurons the persistent sodium current has an amplifying effect. These experimental results have also been confirmed by a computational model. From a functional point of view, the resonance in the PRC would affect the reverberating activity between neocortex and hippocampus, especially during slow wave sleep, and could be involved in the redistribution and strengthening of memory representation in cortical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Binini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Raffin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Niccolò Mattiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio N Castagno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Masetto
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Clayton T Dickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stefano Ramat
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Toselli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosario Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cereda A, Toselli M, Laricchia A, Mangieri A, Ruggiero R, Gallo F, Sticchi A, Khokhar A, Giannini F, Colombo A. Stress-induced cardiomyopathy related to SARS-CoV-2. Heart Mind 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_10_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
4
|
Maniezzi C, Talpo F, Spaiardi P, Toselli M, Biella G. Oxytocin Increases Phasic and Tonic GABAergic Transmission in CA1 Region of Mouse Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:178. [PMID: 31133808 PMCID: PMC6516053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that plays important peripheral and central neuromodulatory functions. Our data show that, following activation of oxytocin receptors (OtRs) with the selective agonist TGOT (Thr4,Gly7-oxytocin), a significant increase in frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) occurred in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons (PYR) in mice. TGOT affected also sIPSC deactivation kinetics, suggesting the involvement of perisynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) as well. By contrast, TGOT did not cause significant changes in frequency, amplitude or deactivation kinetics of miniature IPSC, suggesting that the effects elicited by the agonist are strictly dependent on the firing activity of presynaptic neurons. Moreover, TGOT was able to modulate tonic GABAergic current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAARs expressed by PYRs. Consistently, at spike threshold TGOT induced in most PYRs a significant membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in firing rate. The source of increased inhibition onto PYRs was represented by stuttering fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (INs) that directly respond to TGOT with a depolarization and an increase in their firing rate. One putative ionic mechanism underlying this effect could be represented by OtR activation-induced up-modulation of L-type Ca2+ channels. In conclusion, our results indicate that oxytocin can influence the activity of a subclass of hippocampal GABAergic INs and therefore regulate the operational modes of the downstream PYRs by increasing phasic and tonic GABAergic transmission in CA1 region of mouse hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maniezzi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Toselli
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baldi E, Cavani L, Margon A, Quartieri M, Sorrenti G, Marzadori C, Toselli M. Effect of compost application on the dynamics of carbon in a nectarine orchard ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:918-925. [PMID: 29763872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the quantity and the type of carbon (C) stored during the 14-year lifetime of a commercial nectarine orchard ecosystem fertilized with mineral or organic fertilizers. The study was carried out in the Po valley, Italy, in a nectarine orchard of the variety Stark RedGold, grafted on GF677 hybrid peach × almond. Since orchard planting in August 2001, the following treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design with four replicates per block and compared: 1. unfertilized control; 2. mineral fertilization (including P and K at planting and N applied as NO3NH4 yearly at the rate of 70-130 kg ha-1); 3. compost application at a rate of 5 Mg DW ha-1 yr-1; 4. compost application at a rate of 10 Mg DW ha-1 yr-1. Compost was obtained from domestic organic wastes mixed with pruning material from urban ornamental trees and garden management after a 3-month stabilization period. Application of compost at the highest rate increased C in the soil; the amount of C sequestered was approximately 60% from amendment source and 40% from the net primary production of trees and grasses with a net increase of C compared to mineral fertilization. Compost application was found to be a win-win strategy to increase C storage in soil and, at the same time, to promote plant growth and yield to levels similar to those obtained with mineral fertilization. The rate of C application is crucial, indicated by the fact that compost supply at the rate of 10 Mg ha-1 yr-1 was the only fertilization strategy of the ones tested that resulted in higher C sequestration. This shows that compost amendment may stimulate an increase in the net primary production of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Baldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - L Cavani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Margon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Quartieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Sorrenti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Marzadori
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Toselli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Binini N, Sancini G, Villa C, Dal Magro R, Sansoni V, Rusconi R, Mantegazza M, Grioni D, Talpo F, Toselli M, Combi R. Identification of two mutations in cis in the SCN1A gene in a family showing genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Brain Res 2017; 1677:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Ripamonti S, Ambrozkiewicz MC, Guzzi F, Gravati M, Biella G, Bormuth I, Hammer M, Tuffy LP, Sigler A, Kawabe H, Nishimori K, Toselli M, Brose N, Parenti M, Rhee J. Transient oxytocin signaling primes the development and function of excitatory hippocampal neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28231043 PMCID: PMC5323041 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role in parturition and lactation, oxytocin influences higher brain processes that control social behavior of mammals, and perturbed oxytocin signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders. However, it is still largely unknown how oxytocin exactly regulates neuronal function. We show that early, transient oxytocin exposure in vitro inhibits the development of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons, leading to reduced dendrite complexity, synapse density, and excitatory transmission, while sparing GABAergic neurons. Conversely, genetic elimination of oxytocin receptors increases the expression of protein components of excitatory synapses and excitatory synaptic transmission in vitro. In vivo, oxytocin-receptor-deficient hippocampal pyramidal neurons develop more complex dendrites, which leads to increased spine number and reduced γ-oscillations. These results indicate that oxytocin controls the development of hippocampal excitatory neurons and contributes to the maintenance of a physiological excitation/inhibition balance, whose disruption can cause neurobehavioral disturbances. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22466.001
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ripamonti
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mateusz C Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Cortical Development, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Guzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMi - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Gravati
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ingo Bormuth
- Cortical Development, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthieu Hammer
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liam P Tuffy
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Sigler
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mauro Toselli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Parenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,NeuroMi - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Monza, Italy
| | - JeongSeop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Onorati M, Castiglioni V, Biasci D, Cesana E, Menon R, Vuono R, Talpo F, Laguna Goya R, Lyons PA, Bulfamante GP, Muzio L, Martino G, Toselli M, Farina C, Barker RA, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Molecular and functional definition of the developing human striatum. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1804-15. [PMID: 25383901 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain derives from the intricate interplay of molecular instructions during development. Here we systematically investigated gene expression changes in the prenatal human striatum and cerebral cortex during development from post-conception weeks 2 to 20. We identified tissue-specific gene coexpression networks, differentially expressed genes and a minimal set of bimodal genes, including those encoding transcription factors, that distinguished striatal from neocortical identities. Unexpected differences from mouse striatal development were discovered. We monitored 36 determinants at the protein level, revealing regional domains of expression and their refinement, during striatal development. We electrophysiologically profiled human striatal neurons differentiated in vitro and determined their refined molecular and functional properties. These results provide a resource and opportunity to gain global understanding of how transcriptional and functional processes converge to specify human striatal and neocortical neurons during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Onorati
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Castiglioni
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Biasci
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabetta Cesana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ramesh Menon
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Vuono
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rocio Laguna Goya
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gaetano P Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Muzio
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Toselli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Delli Carri A, Onorati M, Castiglioni V, Faedo A, Camnasio S, Toselli M, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation into authentic striatal projection neurons. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:461-74. [PMID: 23625190 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the principles and steps of a protocol that we have recently developed for the differentiation of hES/iPS cells into the authentic human striatal projection medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that die in Huntington's Disease (HD). Authenticity is judged by the convergence of multiple features within individual cells. Our procedure lasts 80 days and couples neural induction via BMP/TGF-β inhibition with exposure to the developmental factors sonic hedgehog (SHH) and dickkopf1 (DKK-1) to drive ventral telencephalic specification, followed by terminal differentiation [1]. Authenticity of the resulting neuronal population is monitored by the appearance of FOXG1(+)/GSX2(+) progenitor cells of the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) at day 15-25 of differentiation, followed by appearance of CTIP2-, FOXP1- and FOXP2-positive cells at day 45. These precursor cells then mature into MAP2(+)/GABA(+) neurons with 20 % of them ultimately co-expressing the DARPP-32 and CTIP2 diagnostic markers and carrying electrophysiological properties expected for fully functional MSNs.The protocol is characterized by its replicability in at least three human pluripotent cell lines. Altogether this protocol defines a useful platform for in vitro developmental neurobiology studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Delli Carri
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandini S, Baldi F, Paderni K, Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Gianoncelli A, Brisotto M, Bontempi E, Riccò T. One-way and two-way shape memory behaviour of semi-crystalline networks based on sol–gel cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone). POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Delli Carri A, Onorati M, Lelos MJ, Castiglioni V, Faedo A, Menon R, Camnasio S, Vuono R, Spaiardi P, Talpo F, Toselli M, Martino G, Barker RA, Dunnett SB, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Developmentally coordinated extrinsic signals drive human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward authentic DARPP-32+ medium-sized spiny neurons. Development 2013; 140:301-12. [PMID: 23250204 DOI: 10.1242/dev.084608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) are the only neostriatum projection neurons, and their degeneration underlies some of the clinical features of Huntington's disease. Using knowledge of human developmental biology and exposure to key neurodevelopmental molecules, human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells were induced to differentiate into MSNs. In a feeder-free adherent culture, ventral telencephalic specification is induced by BMP/TGFβ inhibition and subsequent SHH/DKK1 treatment. The emerging FOXG1(+)/GSX2(+) telencephalic progenitors are then terminally differentiated, resulting in the systematic line-independent generation of FOXP1(+)/FOXP2(+)/CTIP2(+)/calbindin(+)/DARPP-32(+) MSNs. Similar to mature MSNs, these neurons carry dopamine and A2a receptors, elicit a typical firing pattern and show inhibitory postsynaptic currents, as well as dopamine neuromodulation and synaptic integration ability in vivo. When transplanted into the striatum of quinolinic acid-lesioned rats, hPS-derived neurons survive and differentiate into DARPP-32(+) neurons, leading to a restoration of apomorphine-induced rotation behavior. In summary, hPS cells can be efficiently driven to acquire a functional striatal fate using an ontogeny-recapitulating stepwise method that represents a platform for in vitro human developmental neurobiology studies and drug screening approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Delli Carri
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mauri M, Lentini D, Gravati M, Foudah D, Biella G, Costa B, Toselli M, Parenti M, Coco S. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance GABAergic transmission in co-cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 49:395-405. [PMID: 22388097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells endowed with neurotrophic potential combined with immunological properties, making them a promising therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanisms through which MSCs promote the neurological recovery following injury or inflammation are still largely unknown, although cell replacement and paracrine mechanisms have been hypothesized. In order to find out what are the mechanisms of the trophic action of MSCs, as compared to glial cells, on CNS neurons, we set up a co-culture system where rat MSCs (or cortical astrocytes) were used as a feeding layer for hippocampal neurons without any direct contact between the two cell types. The analysis of hippocampal synaptogenesis, synaptic vesicle recycling and electrical activity show that MSCs were capable to support morphological and functional neuronal differentiation. The proliferation of hippocampal glial cells induced by the release of bioactive substance(s) from MSCs was necessary for neuronal survival. Furthermore, MSCs selectively increased hippocampal GABAergic pre-synapses. This effect was paralleled with a higher expression of the potassium/chloride KCC2 co-transporter and increased frequency and amplitude of mIPSCs and sIPSCs. The enhancement of GABA synapses was impaired by the treatment with K252a, a Trk/neurotrophin receptor blocker, and by TrkB receptor bodies hence suggesting the involvement of BDNF as a mediator of such effects. The results obtained here indicate that MSC-secreted factors induce glial-dependent neuronal survival and trigger an augmented GABAergic transmission in hippocampal cultures, highlighting a new effect by which MSCs could promote CNS repair. Our results suggest that MSCs may be useful in those neurological disorders characterized by an impairment of excitation versus inhibition balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mauri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of mineral and organic fertilizers on peach root dynamics in the growing season from 2003 to 2006 in a nectarine (Prunus persica L.) orchard, planted in 2001 and located in the Po valley, northeastern Italy. Very few studies have conducted long-term investigations of root dynamics of fruit crops. Our main objective was to determine whether organic fertilizers affect root dynamics differently than mineral fertilizers. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with four replicates of three treatments: unfertilized, mineral fertilized and composted with municipal waste. Mineral fertilizers included P (100 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) and K (200 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) applied only at planting and N (70-130 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) split into two applications, one at 40 days after full bloom (60%) and the other in September (40%) each year. The compost fertilization represented a yearly rate of 10 metric tons (t) dry weight ha(-1), which approximates (in kg ha(-1) year(-1)) 240 N, 100 P and 200 K, split similarly to that described for the mineral fertilization of N. Both root growth and survival were evaluated at 20-day intervals during the growing season by the minirhizotron technique. Compost increased the production of new roots compared with the other treatments (P < 0.01). Roots were mainly produced at a depth of 41-80 cm and from March to May and in late summer. An analysis of covariance indicated no significant effect of soil nitrate on root production (P = 0.47). The root lifespan was longer in compost-treated trees than in mineral-fertilized or unfertilized trees (P < 0.01) and it was strongly affected by time of birth; roots born later in the summer lived longer than those born in the spring. Across years and treatments, the average root lifespan was positively correlated with soil nitrate (r = 0.60; P < 0.001). Variation in root lifespan with method of fertilization could be accounted for by variation in soil nitrate concentration as indicated by no effect of fertilizer treatment on root lifespan when soil nitrate was included as a covariate. These results reveal how shifting from mineral to organic fertilizers may shift both soil properties and nutrient availability, leading to changes in both root production and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Baldi
- Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gravati M, Busnelli M, Bulgheroni E, Reversi A, Spaiardi P, Parenti M, Toselli M, Chini B. Dual modulation of inward rectifier potassium currents in olfactory neuronal cells by promiscuous G protein coupling of the oxytocin receptor. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1424-35. [PMID: 20557424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin receptor is a seven transmembrane receptor widely expressed in the CNS that triggers G(i) or G(q) protein-mediated signaling cascades leading to the regulation of a variety of neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. We decided to investigate whether and how the promiscuous receptor/G protein coupling affects neuronal excitability. As an experimental model, we used the immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone-positive GN11 cell line displaying the features of immature, migrating olfactory neurons. Using RT-PCR analysis, we detected the presence of oxytocin receptors whose stimulation by oxytocin led to the accumulation of inositol phosphates and to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and the expression of several inward rectifier (IR) K+ channel subtypes. Moreover, electrophysiological and pharmacological inspections using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings evidenced that in GN11 cells, IR channel subtypes are responsive to oxytocin. In particular, we found that: (i) peptide activation of receptor either inhibited or stimulated IR conductances, and (ii) IR current inhibition was mediated by a pertussis toxin-resistant G protein presumably of the G(q/11) subtype, and by phospholipase C, whereas IR current activation was achieved via receptor coupling to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i/o) protein. The findings suggest that neuronal excitability might be tuned by a single peptide receptor that mediates opposing effects on distinct K+ channels through the promiscuous coupling to different G proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gravati
- Department of Physiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biella G, Spaiardi P, Toselli M, de Curtis M, Gnatkovsky V. Functional interactions within the parahippocampal region revealed by voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the isolated guinea pig brain. J Neurophysiol 2009; 103:725-32. [PMID: 19939958 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00722.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive transfer of information from the neocortex to the entorhinal cortex (and vice versa) is hindered by a powerful inhibitory control generated in the perirhinal cortex. In vivo and in vitro experiments performed in rodents and cats support this conclusion, further extended in the present study to the analysis of the interaction between the entorhinal cortex and other parahippocampal areas, such as the postrhinal and the retrosplenial cortices. The experiments were performed in the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain by a combined approach based on electrophysiological recordings and fast imaging of optical signals generated by voltage-sensitive dyes applied to the entire brain by arterial perfusion. Local stimuli delivered in different portions of the perirhinal, postrhinal, and retrosplenial cortex evoked local responses that did not propagate to the entorhinal cortex. Neither high- and low-frequency-patterned stimulation nor paired associative stimuli facilitated the propagation of activity to the entorhinal region. Similar stimulations performed during cholinergic neuromodulation with carbachol were also ineffective in overcoming the inhibitory network that controls propagation to the entorhinal cortex. The pharmacological inactivation of GABAergic transmission by local application of bicuculline (1 mM) in area 36 of the perirhinal cortex facilitated the longitudinal (rostrocaudal) propagation of activity into the perirhinal/postrhinal cortices but did not cause propagation into the entorhinal cortex. Bicuculline injection in both area 35 and medial entorhinal cortex released the inhibitory control and allowed the propagation of the neural activity to the entorhinal cortex. These results demonstrate that, as for the perirhinal-entorhinal reciprocal interactions, also the connections between the postrhinal/retrosplenial cortices and the entorhinal region are subject to a powerful inhibitory control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Biella
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marano C, Briatico-Vangosa F, Marini M, Pilati F, Toselli M. Effects of coating composition and surface pre-treatment on the adhesion of organic–inorganic hybrid coatings to low density polyethylene (LDPE) films. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Minelli M, De Angelis M, Doghieri F, Marini M, Toselli M, Pilati F. Oxygen permeability of novel organic–inorganic coatings: I. Effects of organic–inorganic ratio and molecular weight of the organic component. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Sun Y, Pollard S, Conti L, Toselli M, Biella G, Parkin G, Willatt L, Falk A, Cattaneo E, Smith A. Long-term tripotent differentiation capacity of human neural stem (NS) cells in adherent culture. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 38:245-58. [PMID: 18450476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell lines that provide a renewable and scaleable supply of central nervous system cell types would constitute an invaluable resource for basic and applied neurobiology. Here we describe the generation and long-term expansion of multiple human foetal neural stem (NS) cell lines in monolayer culture without genetic immortalization. Adherent human NS cells are propagated in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), under which conditions they stably express neural precursor markers and exhibit negligible differentiation into neurons or glia. However, they produce astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons upon exposure to appropriate differentiation factors. Single cell cloning demonstrates that human NS cells are tripotent. They retain a diploid karyotype and constant neurogenic capacity after over 100 generations. In contrast to human neurospheres, we observe no requirement for the cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) for continued expansion of adherent human NS cells. Human NS cells can be stably transfected to provide reporter lines and readily imaged in live monolayer cultures, creating the potential for high content genetic and chemical screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Sun
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Toselli M, Cerbai E, Rossi F, Cattaneo E. Do amniotic fluid–derived stem cells differentiate into neurons in vitro? Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:269-70; author reply 270-1. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0308-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Marini M, Toselli M, Borsacchi S, Mollica G, Geppi M, Pilati F. Facile synthesis of core-shell organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles with amphiphilic polymer shell by one-step sol–gel reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
D’Orlando C, Guzzi F, Gravati M, Biella G, Toselli M, Meneveri R, Barisani D, Parenti M. Retinoic acid- and phorbol ester-induced neuronal differentiation down-regulates caveolin expression in GnRH neurons. J Neurochem 2007; 104:1577-87. [PMID: 17988240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
22
|
Pilati F, Montecchi M, Fabbri P, Synytska A, Messori M, Toselli M, Grundke K, Pospiech D. Design of surface properties of PET films: Effect of fluorinated block copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 315:210-22. [PMID: 17658543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the addition of fluorinated block copolymers to PET solutions can be used to prepare PET films with controlled surface morphology, porosity and chemical composition, by exploiting the phenomenon known as breath figures (BF) formation during a spin-coating procedure. Surface features, such as number, depth and diameter of pores and chemical composition, can be tuned by varying the experimental conditions: relative humidity, solution composition and amount of the fluorinated block copolymer added to the PET solutions (in the range of 0.5-10 wt% with respect to PET). BF patterns are more evident at relatively high concentrations of PET (3 wt%) and content of fluorinated block copolymer (10 wt% with respect to PET) in the solution. According to the obtained results, the fluorinated block copolymer seems to play a role in different steps of the mechanism of BF formation. XPS measurements showed a surface composition much richer in fluorinated segments than expected from bulk composition. The combined surface roughness and surface segregation of fluorinated segments have only a limited effect on the macroscopic wettability of the surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pilati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Materiali e dell'Ambiente, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905/A, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biella G, Di Febo F, Goffredo D, Moiana A, Taglietti V, Conti L, Cattaneo E, Toselli M. Differentiating embryonic stem–derived neural stem cells show a maturation-dependent pattern of voltage-gated sodium current expression and graded action potentials. Neuroscience 2007; 149:38-52. [PMID: 17870247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A population of mouse embryonic stem (ES)-derived neural stem cells (named NS cells) that exhibits traits reminiscent of radial glia-like cell population and that can be homogeneously expanded in monolayer while remaining stable and highly neurogenic over multiple passages has been recently discovered. This novel population has provided a unique in vitro system in which to investigate physiological events occurring as stem cells lose multipotency and terminally differentiate. Here we analysed the timing, quality and quantity of the appearance of the excitability properties of differentiating NS cells which have been long-term expanded in vitro. To this end, we studied the biophysical properties of voltage-dependent Na(+) currents as an electrophysiological readout for neuronal maturation stages of differentiating NS cells toward the generation of fully functional neurons, since the expression of neuronal voltage-gated Na(+) channels is an essential hallmark of neuronal differentiation and crucial for signal transmission in the nervous system. Using the whole cell and single-channel cell-attached variations of the patch-clamp technique we found that the Na(+) currents in NS cells showed substantial electrophysiological changes during in vitro neuronal differentiation, consisting mainly in an increase of Na(+) current density and in a shift of the steady-state activation and inactivation curves toward more negative and more positive potentials respectively. The changes in the Na(+) channel system were closely related with the ability of differentiating NS cells to generate action potentials, and could therefore be exploited as an appropriate electrophysiological marker of ES-derived NS cells undergoing functional neuronal maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Biella
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marini M, Bondi M, Iseppi R, Toselli M, Pilati F. Preparation and antibacterial activity of hybrid materials containing quaternary ammonium salts via sol–gel process. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Biella GR, Spaiardi P, Jimenez-Moreno R, Magistretti J, Taglietti V, Toselli M. A fast transient outward current in layer II/III neurons of rat perirhinal cortex. Pflugers Arch 2007; 455:515-25. [PMID: 17638013 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is a supra-modal cortical area that collects and integrates information originating from uni- and multi-modal neocortical regions, transmits it to the hippocampus, and receives a feedback from the hippocampus itself. The elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie the specific excitable properties of the different PRC neuronal types appears as an important step toward the understanding of the integrative functions of PRC. In this study, we investigated the biophysical properties of the transient, I (A)-type K(+) current recorded in pyramidal neurons acutely dissociated from layers II/III of PRC of the rat (P8-P16). The current activated at about -50 mV and showed a fast monoexponential decay (tau(h) >> 14 ms at -30 to +10 mV). I (A) recovery from inactivation also had a monoexponential time course. No significant differences in the biophysical properties or current density of I (A) were found in pyramidal neurons from rats of different ages. Application of 4-AP (1-5 mM) reversibly and selectively blocked I (A), and in current clamp conditions it increased spike duration and shortened the delay of the first spike during repetitive firing evoked by sustained depolarizing current injection. These properties are similar to those of the I (A) found in thalamic neurons and other cortical pyramidal neurons. Our results suggest that I (A) contributes to spike repolarization and to regulate both spike onset timing and firing frequency in PRC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Biella
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Castelli L, Biella G, Toselli M, Magistretti J. Resurgent Na+ current in pyramidal neurones of rat perirhinal cortex: axonal location of channels and contribution to depolarizing drive during repetitive firing. J Physiol 2007; 582:1179-93. [PMID: 17525112 PMCID: PMC2075234 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is a supra-modal cortical area that collects and integrates information originating from uni- and multi-modal neocortical regions and directed to the hippocampus. The mechanisms that underlie the specific excitable properties of the different PRC neuronal types are still largely unknown, and their elucidation may be important in understanding the integrative functions of PRC. In this study we investigated the expression and properties of resurgent Na(+) current (I(NaR)) in pyramidal neurones of rat PRC area 35 (layer II). Patch-clamp experiments in acute PRC slices were first carried out. A measurable I(NaR) was expressed by a large majority of neurones (31 out of 35 cells). I(NaR) appeared as an inward, slowly decaying current elicited upon step repolarization after depolarizations sufficient to induce nearly complete inactivation of the transient Na(+) current (I(NaT)). I(NaR) had a peak amplitude of approximately 2.5% that of I(NaT), and showed the typical biophysical properties also observed in other neuronal types (i.e. cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells), including a bell-shaped current-voltage relationship with a peak at approximately -40 mV, and a characteristic acceleration of activation and decay speed at potentials negative to -45 mV. Current-clamp experiments were then carried out in which repetitive action-potential discharge at various frequencies was induced with depolarizing current injection. The voltage signals thus obtained were then used as command waveforms for voltage-clamp recordings. These experiments showed that a Na(+) current identifiable as I(NaR) activates in the early interspike phase even at relatively high firing frequencies (20 Hz), thereby contributing to the depolarizing drive and possibly enhancing repetitive discharge. In acutely dissociated area 35 layer II neurones, as well as in nucleated patches from the same neurones, I(NaR) was never observed, despite the presence of typical I(NaT)s. Since in both preparations neuronal processes are lost, we carried out experiments of focal tetrodotoxin (TTX) application in slices to verify whether the channels responsible for I(NaR) are located in compartment(s) different from the soma. We found that TTX preferentially inhibited I(NaR) when applied close to the site of axon emergence from soma, whereas application to the apical pole of the soma had a significantly smaller effect on I(NaR). Our results indicate that in area 35 pyramidal cells I(NaR) is largely generated in the axon initial segment, where it may participate in setting the coding properties of these neurones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiologiche-Farmacologiche Cellulari-Molecolari, Sezione di Fisiologia Generale e Biofisica Cellulare, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marini M, De Niederhausern S, Iseppi R, Bondi M, Sabia C, Toselli M, Pilati F. Antibacterial Activity of Plastics Coated with Silver-Doped Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Coatings Prepared by Sol−Gel Processes. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:1246-54. [PMID: 17335284 DOI: 10.1021/bm060721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver-doped organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared starting from tetraethoxysilane- and triethoxysilane-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyethylene by the sol-gel process. They were applied as a thin layer (0.6-1.1 microm) to polyethylene (PE) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films and the antibacterial activity of the coated films was tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) bacteria. The effect of several factors (such as organic-inorganic ratio, type of catalyst, time of post-curing, silver ion concentration, etc.) was investigated. Measurements at different contact times showed a rapid decrease of the viable count for both tested strains. The highest antibacterial activity [more than 6 log reduction within 6 h starting from 106 colony-forming units (cfu) mL-1] was obtained for samples with an organic-inorganic weight ratio of 80:20 and 5 wt % silver salt with respect to the coating. For the coatings prepared by an acid-catalyzed process, a high level of permanence of the antibacterial activity of the coated films was demonstrated by repeatedly washing the samples in warm water or by immersion in physiological saline solution at 37 degrees C for 3 days. The release of silver ions per square meter of coating is very similar to that previously observed for polyamides filled with metallic silver nanoparticles; however, when compared on the basis of Ag content, the concentration of silver ions released from the coating is much higher than that released from 1 mm thick specimens of polyamide (PA) filled with silver nanoparticles. Transparency and good adhesion of the coating to PE and PVC plastic substrates without any previous surface treatment are further interesting features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Materiali e dell'Ambiente, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saccani A, Toselli M, Messori M, Fabbri P, Pilati F. Electrical behavior of PET films coated with nanostructured organic–inorganic hybrids. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
29
|
Conti L, Pollard SM, Gorba T, Reitano E, Toselli M, Biella G, Sun Y, Sanzone S, Ying QL, Cattaneo E, Smith A. Niche-independent symmetrical self-renewal of a mammalian tissue stem cell. PLoS Biol 2005; 3:e283. [PMID: 16086633 PMCID: PMC1184591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells multiply in simple monoculture by symmetrical divisions. In vivo, however, stem cells are generally thought to depend on specialised cellular microenvironments and to undergo predominantly asymmetric divisions. Ex vivo expansion of pure populations of tissue stem cells has proven elusive. Neural progenitor cells are propagated in combination with differentiating progeny in floating clusters called neurospheres. The proportion of stem cells in neurospheres is low, however, and they cannot be directly observed or interrogated. Here we demonstrate that the complex neurosphere environment is dispensable for stem cell maintenance, and that the combination of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) is sufficient for derivation and continuous expansion by symmetrical division of pure cultures of neural stem (NS) cells. NS cells were derived first from mouse ES cells. Neural lineage induction was followed by growth factor addition in basal culture media. In the presence of only EGF and FGF-2, resulting NS cells proliferate continuously, are diploid, and clonogenic. After prolonged expansion, they remain able to differentiate efficiently into neurons and astrocytes in vitro and upon transplantation into the adult brain. Colonies generated from single NS cells all produce neurons upon growth factor withdrawal. NS cells uniformly express morphological, cell biological, and molecular features of radial glia, developmental precursors of neurons and glia. Consistent with this profile, adherent NS cell lines can readily be established from foetal mouse brain. Similar NS cells can be generated from human ES cells and human foetal brain. The extrinsic factors EGF plus FGF-2 are sufficient to sustain pure symmetrical self-renewing divisions of NS cells. The resultant cultures constitute the first known example of tissue-specific stem cells that can be propagated without accompanying differentiation. These homogenous cultures will enable delineation of molecular mechanisms that define a tissue-specific stem cell and allow direct comparison with pluripotent ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Conti
- 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- 2Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven M Pollard
- 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Gorba
- 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Reitano
- 2Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Toselli
- 3Institute of Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- 3Institute of Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yirui Sun
- 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sveva Sanzone
- 2Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Qi-Long Ying
- 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- 2Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Austin Smith
- 1Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Toselli M, Biella G, Taglietti V, Cazzaniga E, Parenti M. Caveolin-1 expression and membrane cholesterol content modulate N-type calcium channel activity in NG108-15 cells. Biophys J 2005; 89:2443-57. [PMID: 16040758 PMCID: PMC1366744 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolins are the main structural proteins of glycolipid/cholesterol-rich plasmalemmal invaginations, termed caveolae. In addition, caveolin-1 isoform takes part in membrane remodelling as it binds and transports newly synthesized cholesterol from endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Caveolin-1 is expressed in many cell types, including hippocampal neurons, where an abundant SNAP25-caveolin-1 complex is detected after induction of persistent synaptic potentiation. To ascertain whether caveolin-1 influences neuronal voltage-gated Ca2+ channel basal activity, we stably expressed caveolin-1 into transfected neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells [cav1(+) clone] that lack endogenous caveolins but express N-type Ca2+ channels upon cAMP-induced neuronal differentiation. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of cav1(+) cells demonstrated that N-type current density was reduced in size by approximately 70% without any significant change in the time course of activation and inactivation and voltage dependence. Moreover, the cav1(+) clone exhibited a significantly increased proportion of membrane cholesterol compared to wild-type NG108-15 cells. To gain insight into the mechanism underlying caveolin-1 lowering of N-current density, and more precisely to test whether this was indirectly caused by caveolin-1-induced enhancement of membrane cholesterol, we compared single N-type channel activities in cav1(+) clone and wild-type NG108-15 cells enriched with cholesterol after exposure to a methyl-beta-cyclodextrin-cholesterol complex. A lower Ca2+ channel activity was recorded from cell-attached patches of both cell types, thus supporting the view that the increased proportion of membrane cholesterol is ultimately responsible for the effect. This is due to a reduction in the probability of channel opening caused by a significant decrease of channel mean open time and by an increase of the frequency of null sweeps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Toselli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, and INFM (National Institute of Matter Physics), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Toselli M, Taglietti V. L-type calcium channel gating is modulated by bradykinin with a PKC-dependent mechanism in NG108-15 cells. Eur Biophys J 2004; 34:217-29. [PMID: 15536563 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-004-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) excites dorsal root ganglion cells, leading to the sensation of pain. The actions of BK are thought to be mediated by heterotrimeric G protein-regulated pathways. Indeed there is strong evidence that in different cell types BK is involved in phosphoinositide breakdown following activation of G(q/11). In the present study we show that the Ca(2+) current flowing through L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in NG108-15 cells (differentiated in vitro to acquire a neuronal phenotype), measured using the whole-cell patch clamp configuration, is reversibly inhibited by BK in a voltage-independent fashion, suggesting a cascade process where a second messenger system is involved. This inhibitory action of BK is mimicked by the application of 1,2-oleoyl-acetyl glycerol (OAG), an analog of diacylglycerol that activates PKC. Interestingly, OAG occluded the effects of BK and both effects were blocked by selective PKC inhibitors. The down modulation of single L-type Ca(2+) channels by BK and OAG was also investigated in cell-attached patches. Our results indicate that the inhibitory action of BK involves activation of PKC and mainly shows up in a significant reduction of the probability of channel opening, caused by an increase and clustering of null sweeps in response to BK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Toselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiologiche e Farmacologiche Cellulari e Molecolari and INFM, Universita' di Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Fabbri E, Fabbri P, Pasquali L, Nannarone S. Prevention of plasticizer leaching from PVC medical devices by using organic–inorganic hybrid coatings. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
33
|
Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Fabbri E, Fabbri P, Busoli S. Poly(caprolactone)/silica organic-inorganic hybrids as protective coatings for poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02699651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Salzarulo
- Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Via San Nicolo 93, 50125 Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tosetti P, Parente V, Taglietti V, Dunlap K, Toselli M. Chick RGS2L demonstrates concentration-dependent selectivity for pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways that inhibit L-type Ca2+ channels. J Physiol 2003; 549:157-69. [PMID: 12651916 PMCID: PMC2342929 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.034439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuronal cells, the influx of Ca2+ ions through voltage-dependent L-type calcium (L) channels couples excitation to multiple cellular functions. In addition to voltage, several neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines regulate L channel gating via binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. Intracellular molecules that modify G-protein activity - such as regulator of G-protein-signalling (RGS) proteins - are therefore potential candidates for regulating Ca2+ influx through L channels. Here we show that a novel RGS2 splice variant from chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, RGS2L, reduces bradykinin (BK)-mediated inhibition of neuronal L channels and accelerates recovery from inhibition. Chick RGS2 reduces the inhibition mediated by both the pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive (Gi/o-coupled) and the PTX-insensitive (presumably Gq/11-coupled) pathways. However, we demonstrate for the first time in a living cell that the extent of coupling to each pathway varies with RGS2L concentration. A low concentration of recombinant chick RGS2L (10 nM) preferentially reduces the inhibition mediated by the PTX-insensitive pathway, whereas a 100-fold higher concentration attenuates both PTX-sensitive- and PTX-insensitive-mediated components equally. Our data suggest that factors promoting RGS2L gene induction may regulate Ca2+ influx through L channels by recruiting low-affinity interactions with Gi/o that are absent at basal RGS2L levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Tosetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Fabbri P, Tonelli C. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(fluoroalkylene oxide)-poly(ε-caprolactone) block copolymers as surface modifiers of poly(vinyl chloride). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02699509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Mascia L, Tonelli C. Synthesis and characterisation of silica hybrids based on poly(ε-caprolactone-b-perfluoropolyether-b-ε-caprolactone). Eur Polym J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
38
|
Pilati F, Toselli M, Re A, Bottino FA, Pollicino A, Recca A. Surface investigation by ESCA of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-perfluoro polyether block copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00203a060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Tonelli C. Unsaturated polyester resins modified with poly(ε-caprolactone)–perfluoropolyethers block copolymers. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
40
|
Toselli M, Taglietti V, Parente V, Flati S, Pavan A, Guzzi F, Parenti M. Attenuation of G protein-mediated inhibition of N-type calcium currents by expression of caveolins in mammalian NG108-15 cells. J Physiol 2001; 536:361-73. [PMID: 11600672 PMCID: PMC2278875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0361c.xd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Caveolins are integral proteins of glycolipid/cholesterol-rich plasmalemmal caveolae domains, where, they may function as a plasma membrane scaffold onto which many classes of signalling molecules, including receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins, can assemble. To ascertain whether caveolins influence G protein-mediated signal transduction, we stably expressed caveolin-1 and -3 isoforms in the neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cell line, lacking endogenous caveolins. Subsequently, using whole-cell voltage clamp methods, we examined whether the modulation of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by G(o) protein-coupled, delta-type opioid receptors might be affected by recombinant caveolin expression. 2. In transfected NG108-15 cells, caveolins localized at the plasma membrane and, upon subcellular fractionation on sucrose density gradients, they co-localized in Triton-resistant, low buoyancy fractions, with endogenous G(o) protein alpha-subunits. 3. The voltage-dependent inhibition of omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive Ba2+ currents following either activation of delta-opioid receptors by the agonist [o-pen2,o-pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), or direct stimulation of G proteins with guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) was significantly attenuated in caveolin-expressing cells. The kinetics of Ca2+ channel inhibition were also modified by caveolins. 4. Overall, these results suggest that caveolins may negatively affect G protein-dependent regulation of voltage-gated N-type Ca2+ channels, presumably by causing a reduction of the available pool of activated G proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Toselli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, and INFM, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Toselli M, Farneti P, Grossi E. Role of motor imitation in traversability of surfaces by walking infants. Percept Mot Skills 2001; 93:523-30. [PMID: 11769909 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2001.93.2.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ecological approach by Gibson stressed the role of visual cues in toddlers' locomotor activities. In particular, a rigid surface offers more traversability "affordances" to walkers (13-16 mo. old) than a deformable surface. On the other hand, imitation plays a relevant role in human behaviors. In our study a group of 17 walking infants (12-19 mo.) were asked to choose between locomoting on a rigid versus a deformable surface after having seen an older child walking on the deformable surface. A control group of 19 infants were asked to do the same task without having seen a model. The task was repeated three times. No relevant differences appeared between the two groups as to the choice of surfaces: the rigid surface was preferred by both groups. Some slight differences in the behavior of the experimental group were seen as a result of observing the model. Clearly, however, social stimulus. such as the sight of an older child performing a specific task, does not overcome the affordances which induce infants not to walk on the deformable surface.
Collapse
|
42
|
Banach T, Berti C, Colonna M, Fiorini M, Marianucci E, Messori M, Pilati F, Toselli M. New catalysts for poly(butylene terephthalate) synthesis. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Toselli M, Messori M, Bongiovanni R, Malucelli G, Priola A, Pilati F, Tonelli C. Poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-poly(fluoroalkylene oxide)-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) block copolymers. 2. Thermal and surface properties. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
44
|
Ehrlich ME, Conti L, Toselli M, Taglietti L, Fiorillo E, Taglietti V, Ivkovic S, Guinea B, Tranberg A, Sipione S, Rigamonti D, Cattaneo E. ST14A cells have properties of a medium-size spiny neuron. Exp Neurol 2001; 167:215-26. [PMID: 11161610 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ST14A cell line was previously derived from embryonic day 14 rat striatal primordia by retroviral transduction of the temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen. We showed that cell division and expression of nestin persists at 33 degrees C, the permissive temperature, whereas cell division ceases, nestin expression decreases, and MAP2 expression increases at the nonpermissive temperature of 39 degrees C. In this study, we further characterized the cells and found that they express other general and subtype-specific neuronal characteristics. ST14A cells express enolase and beta III-tubulin. Furthermore, they express the striatal marker DARPP-32, which is up-regulated upon differentiation of the cells by growth in serum-free medium. Stimulation with dopamine, the D2-dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole, or the D1-dopamine receptor agonist SKF82958 results in phosphorylation of CREB. Treatment of the cells with a mixture of reagents which stimulate the MAPK and adenylyl cyclase pathways radically changes the morphology of the ST14A cells. The cells develop numerous neurite-like appearing processes which stain with beta III-tubulin. Moreover, under these conditions, intracellular injection of rectangular depolarizing current stimuli elicits overshooting action potentials with a relatively fast depolarization rate when starting from a strongly hyperpolarized membrane potential. Taken together, these data imply that the ST14A cell line displays some of the characteristics of a medium-size spiny neuron subtype and provides a new tool to elucidate the pathways and molecules involved in medium-size spiny neuron differentiation and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Ehrlich
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962-2210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bongiovanni R, Malucelli G, Messori M, Pilati F, Priola A, Tonelli C, Toselli M. Acrylic polyester resins containing perfluoropolyethers structures: Synthesis, characterization, and photopolymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000131)75:5<651::aid-app7>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Pilati F, Toselli M, Messori M, Priola A, Bongiovanni R, Malucelli G, Tonelli C. Poly(ε-caprolactone)−Poly(fluoroalkylene oxide)−Poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers. 1. Synthesis and Molecular Characterization. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990520i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Pilati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Toselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Messori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| | - A. Priola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| | - R. Bongiovanni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Malucelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Via Campi, 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; and Ausimont, Via S. Pietro, 50, 20021 Bollate, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Toselli M, Tosetti P, Taglietti V. Kinetic study of N-type calcium current modulation by delta-opioid receptor activation in the mammalian cell line NG108-15. Biophys J 1999; 76:2560-74. [PMID: 10233071 PMCID: PMC1300226 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent inhibition of N-type Ca2+ channel current by the delta-opioid agonist [D-pen2, D-pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) was investigated in the mammalian cell line NG108-15 with 10 microM nifedipine to block L-type channels, with whole-cell voltage clamp methods. In in vitro differentiated NG108-15 cells DPDPE reversibly decreased omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive Ba2+ currents in a concentration-dependent way. Inhibition was maximal with 1 microM DPDPE (66% at 0 mV) and was characterized by a slowing of Ba2+ current activation at low test potentials. Both inhibition and kinetic slowing were attenuated at more positive potentials and could be relieved up to 90% by strong conditioning depolarizations. The kinetics of removal of inhibition (de-inhibition) and of its retrieval (re-inhibition) were also voltage dependent. Both de-inhibition and re-inhibition were single exponentials and, in the voltage range from -20 to +10 mV, had significantly different time constants at a given membrane potential, the time course of re-inhibition being faster than that of de-inhibition. The kinetics of de-inhibition at -20 mV and of reinhibition at -40 mV were also concentration dependent, both processes becoming slower at lower agonist concentrations. The rate of de-inhibition at +80/+120 mV was similar to that of Ca2+ channel activation at the same potentials measured during application of DPDPE (approximately 7 ms), both processes being much slower than channel activation in controls (<1 ms). Moreover, the amplitude but not the time course of tail currents changed as the depolarization to +80/+120 mV was made longer. The state-dependent properties of DPDPE Ca2+ channel inhibition could be simulated by a model that assumes that inhibition by DPDPE results from voltage- and concentration-dependent binding of an inhibitory molecule to the N-type channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Toselli
- Istituto di Fisiologia Generale, Universita' di Pavia and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Pavia Unit, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The ability of action-potential-like waveforms (APWs) to attenuate opioid-induced inhibition of N-type Ca2+ channels was investigated in the neuroblastoma x glioma cell line NG108-15 using whole-cell voltage clamp methods. In in vitro differentiated NG108-15 cells, the opioid agonist [d-ala2]-methionine-enkephalin (DAME) reversibly decreased omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive Ba2+ currents (N-type currents). Agonist-mediated inhibition of N-type currents could be transiently relieved by strong unphysiological depolarizing prepulses to +80 mV (facilitation). Significant facilitation was also achieved by conditioning the cell with a train of 15 APWs, which roughly mimicked physiological action potentials (1- to 6-ms-long depolarizations to +30 mV from a holding potential of -40 mV). The APW-induced facilitation depended on both conditioning pulse frequency and duration. Summation of the disinhibition produced by each APW was possible because reinhibition following repolarization to -40 mV was a much slower process (tau=88 ms) than the onset of facilitation at +80 mV (tau=7 ms). These results provide evidence that N-type Ca2+ channel facilitation may be a physiologically relevant process, and suggest that neuronal firing may relieve agonist-induced inhibition of N-type currents to an extent depending on both the shape of action potentials and the frequency of firing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Tosetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Generale, Universita' di Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bottino FA, Di Pasquale G, Pollicino A, Pilati F, Toselli M, Tonelli C. XPS Study on Surface Segregation in Poly(ethylene-iso/terephthalate)−Perfluoropolyether Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9700183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. A. Bottino
- Istituto Chimico, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - G. Di Pasquale
- Istituto Chimico, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Pollicino
- Istituto Chimico, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - F. Pilati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Modena, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - M. Toselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Applicata e Scienza dei Materiali, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Tonelli
- R and D Center, Ausimont Spa, Via S. Pietro 50/A, Bollate, 20021 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|