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van Burgel E, Fairweather M, Hill A, Christian M, Ferguson M, Lee A, Funston S, Fredericks B, McMahon E, Pollard C, Brimblecombe J. Development of a survey tool to assess the environmental determinants of health-enabling food retail practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of remote Australia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:442. [PMID: 38347471 PMCID: PMC10863203 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors can impact the ability of food retail businesses to implement best practice health-enabling food retail. METHODS We co-designed a short-item survey on factors influencing food retail health-enabling practice in a remote Australian setting. Publicly available submissions to an Australian Parliamentary Inquiry into food pricing and food security in remote Indigenous communities were coded using an existing remote community food systems assessment tool and thematically analysed. Themes informed survey questions that were then prioritised, refined and pre-tested with expert stakeholder input. RESULTS One-hundred and eleven submissions were coded, and 100 themes identified. Supply chain related data produced the most themes (n = 25). The resulting 26-item survey comprised questions to assess the perceived impact of environmental factors on a store's health-enabling practice (n = 20) and frequency of occurrence (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS The application of this evidence-informed, co-designed survey will provide a first-time cross-sectional analysis and the potential for ongoing longitudinal data and advocacy on how environmental factors affect the operations of remote stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Burgel
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Molly Fairweather
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda Hill
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Meaghan Christian
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Megan Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Darwin, NT, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Funston
- Arnhem Land Progress Aboriginal Corporation, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Fredericks
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma McMahon
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Darwin, NT, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christina Pollard
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Darwin, NT, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Whelan J, Brimblecombe J, Christian M, Vargas C, Ferguson M, McMahon E, Lee A, Bell C, Boelsen-Robinson T, Blake MR, Lewis M, Alston L, Allender S. CO-Creation and Evaluation of Food Environments to Advance Community Health (COACH). AJPM Focus 2023; 2:100111. [PMID: 37790671 PMCID: PMC10546519 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Food environments are a key determinant of food intake and diet-related health. This paper describes the development of an iterative, adaptive, context-specific framework for health-enabling food environments embedded in cocreation theory. Methods A 3-stage multimethod framework for the coproduction and prototyping of public health interventions was followed in an iterative manner during the development of the framework. These 3 stages were (1) evidence review, including systematic review, consultation with experts, and observation of current work; (2) codesign of the framework prototype with multiple stakeholders; and (3) coproduction through refinement of the prototype through stakeholder workshops and expert reviews with incorporation of researcher notes and workshop evaluation. We use the term prototype during the development phase and the term framework to report on the final product. Results COACH (CO-creation and evaluation of food environments to Advance Community Health) is a process framework that describes what best practice application of cocreation in health-enabling food retail environments should involve. COACH consists of 10 interdependent factors within a 4-phase continuous quality improvement cycle. The 4 phases of the cycle are engagement and governance establishment, communication and policy alignment, codesign and implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Conclusions Utilizing cocreation theory represents an innovative step in research and practice to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. COACH provides a specific, unique, and comprehensive guide to the utilization of cocreation to improve the healthiness of food environments in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Whelan
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meaghan Christian
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmen Vargas
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Megan Ferguson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Emma McMahon
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Amanda Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tara Boelsen-Robinson
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Miranda R. Blake
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Meron Lewis
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura Alston
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Bennett CJ, Christian M, Phan S, McCabe M, Cornish K, Kleve S. Food insecurity during COVID-19: An Australian university experience. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e5401-e5411. [PMID: 35950351 PMCID: PMC9538495 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, severity, coping strategies and precipitating factors of food insecurity in university students in a large multi-campus Australian university during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, in context of providing information to inform institutional support. This was a cross-sectional analysis which was part of a larger university-led research project, the Thrive@Home study conducted at Monash University during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main outcome measures included: Sociodemographic characteristics, PROMIS anxiety, PROMIS depression and the six-item US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. All variables were reported according to the four levels of food security status (high (H), marginal (M), low (L) and very low (VL)). Chi-squared tests were used to compare all categorical variables including demographic, mental health and food security status. A multivariable regression was conducted between food security status and mental health variables. Overall, n = 1315 students were included in the analysis. Of which, 5% were classified as having VL food security, 13% L, 14% M and 68% H. As food security worsened the likelihood of being unemployed looking for work, living alone and deteriorating physical health, diet quality and mental health increased. As food security status deteriorated the prevalence of needing to ask family or friends for food, shopping at multiple outlets for discounts, accessing emergency food relief, subsidised meals and financial assistance from organisations increased (p < 0.002). In regression models adjusting for covariates, depression (b (95%CI): VL = 7.2(4.1-10.3), L = 3.7(1.7-5.7), M = 2.0(0.1-3.8)) and anxiety (VL = 7.4(4.5-10.4), L = 3.5(1.5-5.4) and M = 2.0(0.3-3.8)) were positively associated with worsening food security. Food insecurity during COVID-19 was associated with worsening mental health. This paper provides targets for future university-led initiatives to promote student food security and supporting better access to physical and mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Jane Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and FoodSchool of Clinical Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Meaghan Christian
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and FoodSchool of Clinical Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shirley Phan
- Buildings and Property DivisionMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Melinda McCabe
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kim Cornish
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sue Kleve
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and FoodSchool of Clinical Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Vargas C, Whelan J, Brimblecombe J, Brock J, Christian M, Allender S. Co-creation of healthier food retail environments: A systematic review to explore the type of stakeholders and their motivations and stage of engagement. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13482. [PMID: 35670030 PMCID: PMC9540769 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize peer-reviewed literature that utilize co-creation principles in healthy food retail initiatives. METHODS Systematic review of six databases from inception to September 2021. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by two authors independently. Studies were included if they were conducted in food retail stores, used a collaborative model, and aimed to improve the healthiness of the food retail environment. Studies excluded were implemented in restaurants, fast food chains, or similar or did not utilize some form of collaboration. Extracted data included the type of stakeholders engaged, level of engagement, stakeholder motivation, and barriers and enablers of the co-creation process. FINDINGS After screening 6951 articles by title and abstract, 131 by full text, 23 manuscripts that describe 20 separate studies from six countries were included. Six were implemented in low-income communities and eight among Indigenous people groups. A common aim was to increase access to, and availability of, healthy products. A diverse range of co-creation approaches, theoretical perspectives, and study designs were observed. The three most common stakeholders involved were researchers, corporate representatives or store owners, and governments. CONCLUSIONS Some evidence exists of the benefits of co-creation to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The field may benefit from structured guidance on the theory and practice of co-creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vargas
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian Whelan
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Brock
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Meaghan Christian
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Marsden M, Perkins Z, Marsh W, Christian M, Lyon R, Davenport R, Tai N. 92 Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) System to Augment Clinical Risk Prediction of Trauma Induced Coagulopathy: A Prospective Observational Study. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac041.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The potential of AI systems to support pre-hospital clinical decision-making is significant. However, whilst such algorithms are increasingly available, far less attention has been paid to understanding the impact of such systems on clinical performance. This study had two aims; first, to compare the performance of expert clinicians against an AI system in a real-world clinical setting and second, to assess the impact of augmenting expert clinical prediction with an AI system.
Method
We performed a prospective study at two UK Air Ambulances services over a six-month period. Expert pre-hospital clinicians’ judgement of the risk of Trauma Induced Coagulopathy (TIC) in injured patients was assessed and compared to the performance of an AI system. Two TIC risk predictions were generated for every patient: an AI prediction and a human prediction.
Results
Overall, 51 expert clinicians were enrolled in the study providing 184 patient interactions for analysis.
Aim 1
The AI system performed better than clinicians; higher discrimination [AUROC 0.87 (0.79, 0.95) versus 0.83 (0.74, 0.92)] better calibration [0.37 (-0.14, 0.89) versus -1.19 (-1.73, -0.65)] and more accurate [Brier Skill Score 0.34 (0.19, 0.48) versus 0.00 (-0.41, 0.30)].
Aim 2
Risk prediction was better in all performance metrics when clinicians were assisted with the AI system [AUROC 0.88 (0.80, 0.95) versus 0.83 (0.74, 0.92)]
Conclusions
AI systems can improve human risk prediction in the pre-hospital setting. In settings of low resources where a lack of senior clinical expertise may affect outcomes, the benefit of implementing predictive AI is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marsden
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Z. Perkins
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - W. Marsh
- School of Electronical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - R. Lyon
- Air Ambulance Kent Surrey Sussex, Redhill, United Kingdom
| | - R. Davenport
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N. Tai
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Castro Dopico X, Muschiol S, Christian M, Hanke L, Sheward DJ, Grinberg NF, Rorbach J, Bogdanovic G, Mcinerney GM, Allander T, Wallace C, Murrell B, Albert J, Karlsson Hedestam GB. Seropositivity in blood donors and pregnant women during the first year of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Stockholm, Sweden. J Intern Med 2021; 290:666-676. [PMID: 34008203 PMCID: PMC8242905 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sweden, social restrictions to contain SARS-CoV-2 have primarily relied upon voluntary adherence to a set of recommendations. Strict lockdowns have not been enforced, potentially affecting viral dissemination. To understand the levels of past SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Stockholm population before the start of mass vaccinations, healthy blood donors and pregnant women (n = 5,100) were sampled at random between 14 March 2020 and 28 February 2021. METHODS In this cross-sectional prospective study, otherwise-healthy blood donors (n = 2,600) and pregnant women (n = 2,500) were sampled for consecutive weeks (at four intervals) throughout the study period. Sera from all participants and a cohort of historical (negative) controls (n = 595) were screened for IgG responses against stabilized trimers of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein and the smaller receptor-binding domain (RBD). As a complement to standard analytical approaches, a probabilistic (cut-off independent) Bayesian framework that assigns likelihood of past infection was used to analyse data over time. SETTING Healthy participant samples were randomly selected from their respective pools through Karolinska University Hospital. The study was carried out in accordance with Swedish Ethical Review Authority: registration number 2020-01807. PARTICIPANTS No participants were symptomatic at sampling, and blood donors were all over the age of 18. No additional metadata were available from the participants. RESULTS Blood donors and pregnant women showed a similar seroprevalence. After a steep rise at the start of the pandemic, the seroprevalence trajectory increased steadily in approach to the winter second wave of infections, approaching 15% of all individuals surveyed by 13 December 2020. By the end of February 2021, 19% of the population tested seropositive. Notably, 96% of seropositive healthy donors screened (n = 56) developed neutralizing antibody responses at titres comparable to or higher than those observed in clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccination, supporting that mild infection engenders a competent B-cell response. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that in the first year since the start of community transmission, seropositivity levels in metropolitan in Stockholm had reached approximately one in five persons, providing important baseline seroprevalence information prior to the start of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Castro Dopico
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - S. Muschiol
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - M. Christian
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - L. Hanke
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - D. J. Sheward
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - N. F. Grinberg
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious DiseaseUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J. Rorbach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing‐Karolinska Institutet LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - G. Bogdanovic
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - G. M. Mcinerney
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - T. Allander
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - C. Wallace
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious DiseaseUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public HealthUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - B. Murrell
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - J. Albert
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - G. B. Karlsson Hedestam
- From theDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Tabuso M, Christian M, Kimani PK, Gopalakrishnan K, Arasaradnam RP. KRAS Status is Associated with Metabolic Parameters in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer According to Primary Tumour Location. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2537-2548. [PMID: 32594310 PMCID: PMC7471139 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by complex interplay between macroenvironmental factors and tumour microenvironment, leading to variable outcomes in CRC patients. To date, there is still a need to identify macroenvironment/microenvironment factors that could define subgroup of patients that would benefit from specific anti-cancer treatment in order to improve patient selection for individualized targeted-based therapy. Aim of this study was to evaluate associations between metabolic parameters and KRAS status in metastatic CRC (mCRC) according to a new tumour site classification. Retrospective data were extracted from a total of 201 patients diagnosed with mCRC between 2012 and 2017 extracted from an established CRC database at our tertiary institute. Clinical-pathological data, including age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, pre-CRC diagnosis serum lipid levels and KRAS status were recorded. Categorical characteristics were compared using chi-squared test. Continuous characteristics were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Log rank test was used to compare hazards for survival. In all comparisons, a two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 201 patients, 170 patients with complete serum lipid profile were included in the analysis. In recto-sigmoid cancers there was a statistically significant association between high cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein (chol:HDL) ratio and KRAS mutation (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.1–6.4, p = 0,02). In non recto-sigmoid cancers, high cholesterol was associated with KRAS WT (OR 0.39, CI 0.15–0.97, p = 0.04). In 22 patients with KRAS mutated recto-sigmoid cancer stage IV at diagnosis normal chol:HDL ratio was associated with a trend to better survival (p = 0.06). High chol:HDL ratio was significantly associated with KRAS mutated metastatic recto-sigmoid cancers. A subgroup of mCRC patients with KRAS mutated recto-sigmoid cancer may benefit from optimal lipid lowering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tabuso
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - M Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - P K Kimani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - K Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - R P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,The University of Warwick, School of life Sciences, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Coventry, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5BF, UK.,University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Sahota P, Christian M, Day R, Cocks K. The feasibility and acceptability of a primary school-based programme targeting diet and physical activity: the PhunkyFoods Programme. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:152. [PMID: 31890264 PMCID: PMC6925414 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the PhunkyFoods Programme, a primary school-based intervention to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity knowledge and behaviours to assess outcomes to inform a phase 3 trial. Methods The cluster randomised feasibility trial recruited eight primary schools from the North of England. Elibility criteria included all primary schools in one town, excluding independent and special schools and schools that comprised of only key stage 2 pupils (years 3–6). Eight schools agreed to participate. Randomisation to intervention or control arms was in a 1:1 ratio. Intervention schools received PhunkyFoods over 17 months. Control schools continued with usual curriculum. Assessors were blinded to group assignment. Measures comprised of a Healthy Lifestyle Knowledge Questionnaire and Synchronised Nutrition and Activity Program to assess diet and physical activity, height, weight, and psychological wellbeing. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, attrition rates, interviews with teaching staff, focus groups with pupils to explore the acceptability of outcome measures, implementation, intervention content, and programme fidelity. Results Three hundred fifty-eight pupils, aged 6–9 years from eight schools were recruited at baseline (control n = 170, intervention n = 188); 337 (94.1%) at 6 months (control n = 163, intervention n = 181); and 331 (92.5%) at 18 months (control n = 152, intervention n = 179), and 6 pupils opted out. Trends in increased knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours, healthier eating, and liking of fruit and vegetables were reported in the intervention compared to the control group. Year 4 intervention pupils had significantly higher healthy balanced diet knowledge scores compared to control pupils, mean difference 5.1 (95% CI 0.1 to 10.1, p=0.05). At 18 months, the mean percentage of vegetables liked was higher (intervention 53.9% vs. 43.0% control). Similarly, percentage of fruits liked was also higher (intervention 76.9% vs. 67.2% control). Qualitative data showed that delivery of the intervention was feasible and acceptable to teachers and pupils. Lessons were learned to inform the phase 3 trial around the dietary assessment measure and timing of recruitment. Conclusions Whilst the study was not powered to detect a definitive effect, results suggest a potential to increase knowledge of healthy lifestyle behaviours and dietary behaviours, suggesting that with minor changes, a phase 3 trial is likely to be deliverable. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN15641330. Registered 8 May 2015—retrospectively registered, 10.1186/ISRCTN15641330
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Sahota
- 1School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Calverley Street, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
| | - Meaghan Christian
- 1School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Calverley Street, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
| | - Rhiannon Day
- 1School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Calverley Street, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
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Hennessy R, Rumble D, Sprigner C, Uzochukwu J, Christian M, David B, Trost Z. (380) Preliminary Feasibility of a Graded, Locomotor-Enabled, Whole-Body Virtual Reality Intervention for Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain. The Journal of Pain 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Simon J, Maingon P, Francois E, Labib E, Vincent M, Alain N, Mihaï L, Christian M, Didier P. 1PV-0251 Inuit radiotherapy utilization: a multinational study of low-income regions in highincome countries. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kluyts HL, le Manach Y, Munlemvo DM, Madzimbamuto F, Basenero A, Coulibaly Y, Rakotoarison S, Gobin V, Samateh AL, Chaibou MS, Omigbodun AO, Amanor-Boadu SD, Tumukunde J, Madiba TE, Pearse RM, Biccard BM, Abbas N, Abdelatif AI, Abdoulaye T, Abd-rouf A, Abduljalil A, Abdulrahman A, Abdurazig S, Abokris A, Abozaid W, Abugassa S, Abuhdema F, Abujanah S, Abusamra R, Abushnaf A, Abusnina S, Abuzalout T, Ackermann H, Adamu Y, Addanfour A, Adeleke D, Adigun T, Adisa A, Adjignon SV, Adu-Aryee N, Afolabi B, Agaba A, Agaba P, Aghadi K, Agilla H, Ahmed B, Ahmed EZ, Ahmed AJ, Ahmed M, Ahossi R, Aji S, Akanyun S, Akhideno I, Akhter M, Akinyemi O, Akkari M, Akodjenou J, AL Samateh A, al Shams E, Alagbe-Briggs O, Alakkari E, Alalem R, Alashhab M, Alatise O, Alatresh A, Alayeb Alayeb M, Albakosh B, Albert F, Alberts A, Aldarrat A, Alfari A, Alfetore A, Algbali M, Algddar A, Algedar H, Alghafoud I, Alghazali A, Alhajj M, Alhendery Alhendery A, Alhoty F, Ali A, Ali Y, Ali A, Alioune BS, Alkassem M, 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T, Mbuyi W, Mbuyisa M, Mbwele B, Mehyaoui R, Menkiti I, Mesarieki L, Metali A, Mewanou S, Mgonja L, Mgoqo N, Mhatu S, Mhlari T, Miima S, Milod I, Minani P, Mitema F, Mlotshwa A, Mmasi J, Mniki T, Mofikoya B, Mogale J, Mohamed A, Mohamed A, Mohamed A, Mohamed S, Mohamed S, Mohamed T, Mohamed A, Mohamed A, Mohamed A, Mohamed P, Mohammed I, Mohammed F, Mohammed M, Mohammed N, Mohlala M, Mokretar R, Molokoane F, Mongwe K, Montenegro L, Montwedi O, Moodie Q, Moopanar M, Morapedi M, Morulana T, Moses V, Mossy P, Mostafa H, Motilall S, Motloutsi S, Moussa K, Moutari M, Moyo O, Mphephu P, Mrara B, Msadabwe C, Mtongwe V, Mubeya F, Muchiri K, Mugambi J, Muguti G, Muhammad A, Mukama I, Mukenga M, Mukinda F, Mukuna P, Mungherera A, Munlemvo DM, Munyaradzi T, Munyika A, Muriithi J, Muroonga M, Murray R, Mushangwe V, Mushaninga M, Musiba V, Musowoya J, Mutahi S, Mutasiigwa M, Mutizira G, Muturi A, Muzenda T, Mvwala K, Mvwama N, Mwale A, Mwaluka C, Mwamba J, Mwanga H, Mwangi C, Mwansa S, Mwenda V, Mwepu I, Mwiti T, Mzezewa S, Nabela L, Nabukenya M, Nabulindo S, Naicker K, Naidoo D, Naidoo L, Naidoo L, Naidoo N, Naidoo R, Naidoo R, Naidoo S, Naidoo T, Naidu T, Najat N, Najm Y, Nakandungile F, Nakangombe P, Namata C, Namegabe E, Nansook A, Nansubuga N, Nantulu C, Nascimento R, Naude G, Nchimunya H, Ndaie M, Ndarukwa P, Ndasi H, Ndayisaba G, Ndegwa D, Ndikumana R, Ndonga AK, Ndung’u C, Neil M, Nel M, Neluheni E, Nesengani D, Nesengani N, Netshimboni L, Ngalala A, Ngari B, Ngari N, Ngatia E, Ngcobo G, Ngcobo T, Ngorora D, Ngouane D, Ngugi K, Ngumi ZW, Nibe Z, Ninise E, Niyondiko J, Njenga P, Njenga M, Njoroge M, Njoroge S, Njuguna W, Njuki P, Nkesha T, Nkuebe T, Nkuliyingoma N, Nkunjana M, Nkwabi E, Nkwine R, Nnaji C, Notoane I, Nsalamba S, Ntlhe L, Ntoto C, Ntueba B, Nyassi M, Nyatela-Akinrinmade Z, Nyawanda H, Nyokabi N, Nziene V, Obadiah S, Ochieng O, Odia P, Oduor O, Ogboli-Nwasor E, Ogendo S, Ogunbode O, Ogundiran T, Ogutu O, Ojewola R, Ojujo M, Ojuka D, Okelo O, Okiya S, Okonu N, Olang P, Omigbodun AO, Omoding S, Omoshoro-Jones J, Onyango R, Onyegbule A, Orjiako O, Osazuwa M, Oscar K, Osinaike B, Osinowo A, Othin O, Otman F, Otokwala J, Ouanes F, Oumar O, Ousseini A, Padayachee S, Pahlana S, Pansegrouw J, Paruk F, Patel M, Patel U, Patience A, Pearse RM, Pembe J, Pengemale G, Perez N, Aguilera Perez M, Peter AM, Phaff M, Pheeha R, Pienaar B, Pillay V, Pilusa K, Pochana M, Polishchuk O, Porrill OS, Post E, Prosper A, Pupyshev M, Rabemazava A, Rabiou M, Rademan L, Rademeyer M, Raherison R, Rajah F, Rajcoomar M, Rakhda Z, Rakotoarijaona A, Rakotoarisoa A, Rakotoarison SR, Rakotoarison R, Ramadan L, Ramananasoa M, Rambau M, Ramchurn T, Ramilson H, Ramjee RJ, Ramnarain H, Ramos R, Rampai T, Ramphal S, Ramsamy T, Ramuntshi R, Randolph R, Randriambololona D, Ras W, Rasolondraibe R, Rasolonjatovo J, Rautenbach R, Ray S, Rayne SR, Razanakoto F, Reddy S, Reed AR, Rian J, Rija F, Rink B, Robelie A, Roberts C, Rocher A, Rocher S, Rodseth RN, Rois I, Rois W, Rokhsi S, Roos J, Rorke NF, Roura H, Rousseau F, Rousseau N, Royas L, Roytowski D, Rungan D, Rwehumbiza S, Ryabchiy B, Ryndine V, Saaiman C, Sabwa H, Sadat S, Saed S, Salaheddin E, Salaou H, Saleh M, Salisu-Kabara H, Doles Sama H, Samateh AL, Sam-Awortwi W, Samuel N, Sanduku D, Sani CM, Sanyang L, Sarah H, Sarkin-Pawa A, Sathiram R, Saurombe T, Schutte H, Sebei M, Sedekounou M, Segooa M, Semenya E, Semo B, Sendagire C, Senoga S, Senusi F, Serdyn T, Seshibe M, Shah G, Shamamba R, Shambare C, Shangase T, Shanin S, Shefren I, Sheshe A, Shittu O, Shkirban A, Sholadoye T, Shubba A, Sigcu N, Sihope S, Sikazwe D, Sikombe B, Simaga Abdoul K, Simo W, Singata K, Singh A, Singh S, Singh U, Sinoamadi V, Sipuka N, Sithole N, Sitima S, Skinner DL, Skinner G, Smith O, Smits C, Sofia M, Sogoba G, Sohoub A, Sookun S, Sosinska O, Souhe R, Souley G, Souleymane T, Spicer J, Spijkerman S, Steinhaus H, Steyn A, Steyn G, Steyn H, Stoltenkamp HL, Stroyer S. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator: development and validation of a tool for identifying African surgical patients at risk of severe postoperative complications. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:1357-1363. [PMID: 30442264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) showed that surgical patients in Africa have a mortality twice the global average. Existing risk assessment tools are not valid for use in this population because the pattern of risk for poor outcomes differs from high-income countries. The objective of this study was to derive and validate a simple, preoperative risk stratification tool to identify African surgical patients at risk for in-hospital postoperative mortality and severe complications. METHODS ASOS was a 7-day prospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing surgery in Africa. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator was constructed with a multivariable logistic regression model for the outcome of in-hospital mortality and severe postoperative complications. The following preoperative risk factors were entered into the model; age, sex, smoking status, ASA physical status, preoperative chronic comorbid conditions, indication for surgery, urgency, severity, and type of surgery. RESULTS The model was derived from 8799 patients from 168 African hospitals. The composite outcome of severe postoperative complications and death occurred in 423/8799 (4.8%) patients. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator includes the following risk factors: age, ASA physical status, indication for surgery, urgency, severity, and type of surgery. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.805 and good calibration with c-statistic corrected for optimism of 0.784. CONCLUSIONS This simple preoperative risk calculator could be used to identify high-risk surgical patients in African hospitals and facilitate increased postoperative surveillance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03044899.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Kluyts
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Y le Manach
- Department of Anesthesia, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Perioperative Medicine and Surgical Research Unit, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Perioperative Medicine and Surgical Research Unit, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D M Munlemvo
- University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - F Madzimbamuto
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - A Basenero
- Ministry of Health and Social Services Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Y Coulibaly
- Department, Faculté de médicine de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - V Gobin
- Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital, Rose Belle, Grand Port, Mauritius
| | - A L Samateh
- Department of Surgery, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, Gambia
| | - M S Chaibou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - A O Omigbodun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - S D Amanor-Boadu
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J Tumukunde
- Makerere University, Makerere, Kampala, Uganda
| | - T E Madiba
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - R M Pearse
- Intensive Care Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - B M Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa.
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12
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Durso M, Borrachero-Conejo AI, Bettini C, Treossi E, Scidà A, Saracino E, Gazzano M, Christian M, Morandi V, Tuci G, Giambastiani G, Ottaviano L, Perrozzi F, Benfenati V, Melucci M, Palermo V. Biomimetic graphene for enhanced interaction with the external membrane of astrocytes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5335-5342. [PMID: 32254499 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene substrates display huge potential as material interfaces for devices and biomedical tools targeting the modulation or recovery of brain functionality. However, to be considered reliable neural interfaces, graphene-derived substrates should properly interact with astrocytes, favoring their growth and avoiding adverse gliotic reactions. Indeed, astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human brain and they have a crucial physiological role to maintain its homeostasis and modulate synaptic transmission. In this work, we describe a new strategy based on the chemical modification of graphene oxide (GO) with a synthetic phospholipid (PL) to improve interaction of GO with brain astroglial cells. The PL moieties were grafted on GO sheets through polymeric brushes obtained by atom-transfer radical-polymerization (ATRP) between acryloyl-modified PL and GO nanosheets modified with a bromide initiator. The adhesion of primary rat cortical astrocytes on GO-PL substrates increased by about three times with respect to that on glass substrates coated with standard adhesion agents (i.e. poly-d-lysine, PDL) as well as with respect to that on non-functionalized GO. Moreover, we show that astrocytes seeded on GO-PL did not display significant gliotic reactivity, indicating that the material interface did not cause a detrimental inflammatory reaction when interacting with astroglial cells. Our results indicate that the reported biomimetic approach could be applied to neural prosthesis to improve cell colonization and avoid glial scar formation in brain implants. Additionally, improved adhesion could be extremely relevant in devices targeting neural cell sensing/modulation of physiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Vijayan S, Foxon P, Christian M. Outcome following switch between brand name and generic tacrolimus in paediatric population. Arch Pediatr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Christian M, Venturi L, Ortolani L, Liscio F, Rizzoli R, Palermo V, Morandi V. Synthesis of High-Density Graphene Foams Using Nanoparticle Templates. GraphITA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58134-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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15
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Brew O, Nikolopoulou E, Hughes A, Christian M, Lee Y, Oduwole O, Sullivan M, Woodman A. Quality of placental RNA: Effects of explant size and culture duration. Placenta 2016; 46:45-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Christian M. Primary school education programmes can decrease child salt intake. Evid Based Nurs 2016; 19:15. [PMID: 26156775 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2015-102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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17
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Christian M, Verma M, Eguale T, Buckeridge L. O3.17: Natural language processing of electronic health record data can accurately identify hospitalized elderly patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Calay D, Dufton N, Christian M, Parker M, Haskard DO, Mason JC. P622The transcriptional co-regulator RIP140 regulates endothelial inflammation by controlling the expression of A20 and repressing NFkB activation. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Fayrer-Hosken R, Christian M. Improved techniques for freezing stallion semen as assessed by post-thaw parameters. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Shibly S, Klang A, Galler A, Schwendenwein I, Christian M, Guija A, Tichy A, Hirt RA. Architecture and inflammatory cell composition of the feline lung with special consideration of eosinophil counts. J Comp Pathol 2013; 150:408-15. [PMID: 24529513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is a hallmark of feline asthma; however, a wide range in the percentage of eosinophils in BALF has been documented in healthy cats. In this study, BALF and lung tissue were collected from 15 cats without respiratory disease, BALF was taken from 15 cats with asthma and lung tissue was collected from six different asthmatic cats. Total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and inflammatory cell percentages were measured in BALF and lung tissue was evaluated microscopically. Asthmatic cats had a significantly higher eosinophil count in lung tissue, but BALF TNCC did not differ significantly between groups. Cats without respiratory signs had significantly more numerous macrophages and lymphocytes in BALF than asthmatics, but significantly lower percentages of eosinophils (4.2 ± 7.8% versus 49.4 ± 20.6%, P <0.001). In healthy feline airways a BALF eosinophil percentage of <5% can be expected. Dominant microscopical findings in feline asthma include high eosinophil counts, airway remodelling and inflammation. There is good correlation between the findings in BALF and tissue in feline asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shibly
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - A Klang
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Galler
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Schwendenwein
- Department for Pathobiology, Central Diagnostic Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Christian
- Department for Pathobiology, Central Diagnostic Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Guija
- Department for Pathobiology, Central Diagnostic Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Platform of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - R A Hirt
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Künzel F, Hierlmeier B, Christian M, Reifinger M. Hyperthyroidism in four guinea pigs: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:667-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Künzel
- Clinical Department for Companion Animals and Horses; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - B. Hierlmeier
- Department for Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; 30559 Hannover Germany
| | - M. Christian
- LABOKLIN; Laboratory for Clinical Diagnostics; 4040 Linz Austria
| | - M. Reifinger
- Department for Pathobiology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienne; 1210 Vienna Austria
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22
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Fayrer-Hosken R, Stanley A, Hill N, Heusner G, Christian M, De La Fuente R, Baumann C, Jones L. Effect of feeding fescue seed containing ergot alkaloid toxins on stallion spermatogenesis and sperm cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:1017-26. [PMID: 22524585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cellular effects of tall fescue grass-associated toxic ergot alkaloids on stallion sperm and colt testicular tissue were evaluated. This was a continuation of an initial experiment where the effects of toxic ergot alkaloids on the stallion spermiogram were investigated. The only spermiogram parameter in exposed stallions that was affected by the toxic ergot alkaloids was a decreased gel-free volume of the ejaculate. This study examined the effect of toxic ergot alkaloids on chilling and freezing of the stallion sperm cells. The effect of toxic ergot alkaloids on chilled extended sperm cells for 48 h at 5°C was to make the sperm cells less likely to undergo a calcium ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. The toxic ergot alkaloids had no effect on the freezability of sperm cells. However, if yearling colts were fed toxic ergot alkaloids, then the cytological analysis of meiotic chromosome synapsis revealed a significant increase in the proportion of pachytene spermatocytes showing unpaired sex chromosomes compared to control spermatocytes. There was little effect of ergot alkaloids on adult stallions, but there might be a significant effect on yearling colts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fayrer-Hosken
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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23
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Chauvin A, Guyader N, Braun MN, Quetard B, Christian M. Reliability and sensitivity of anti saccade in a block versus mixed paradigm. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Edgar DH, de Graaff AA, D'Hooghe TM, Dunselman GAJ, Dirksen CD, Hummelshoj L, EndoCost Consortium WERF, Simoens S, Garcia-Cerrudo E, Martinez-Conejero JA, Herrero L, Rodriguez S, Horcajadas JA, Remohi J, Garcia-Velasco JA, Salker MS, Christian M, Steel JH, Nautiyal J, Lang F, Brosens JJ, Mitra A, Bhattacharya J, Kundu S, Pal M, Mukhopadhyay D, Komsky A, Ben-Ami I, Strassburger D, Kasterstein E, Komarovsky D, Bern O, Maslansky B, Raziel A, Friedler S, Gidoni YS, Ron-El R, Finas D, Hunold P, Koester F, Altevogt P, Hornung D. SELECTED ORAL COMMUNICATION SESSION, SESSION 62: ENDOMETRIUM, IMPLANTATION AND ENDOMETRIOSIS Wednesday 6 July 2011 10:00 - 11:45. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Zhang R, Lu P, Wang T, Zhang D, Zou L, Sheng J, Huang H, Petitbarat M, Dubanchet S, Serazin V, Morvan C, Wainer R, Chaouat G, Ledee N, Lalitkumar S, Menezes J, Wramsby H, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Lalitkumar PGL, Cloke B, Shah K, Kaneda H, Lavery S, Trew G, Fusi L, Higham J, Dina R, Ghaem-Maghami S, Ellis P, Christian M, Brosens J. Session 46: Endometrial Function During Implantation Window. Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Jerabek-Klestil S, Ramoni A, Schweigmann U, Reiter G, Christian M. Idiopathischer prämaturer intrauteriner Verschluss des Ductus arteriosus: Ein Fallbericht. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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27
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Nicolle LE, Perkins P, Gravel D, Paton S, Christian M, Ofner M, Henry B, McGeer A, Vearncombe M, Simor A, Barry C, Mederski B. Caring for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients in acute care institutions in the greater Toronto area. Can Commun Dis Rep 2008; 34:1-17. [PMID: 19374001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L E Nicolle
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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28
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Ali S, Periyasamy M, Lopez-Garcia J, Thomas RS, Christian M, Parker MG, Buluwela L. ZNF366 is a novel corepressor for estrogen receptor alpha that mediates its effects through interaction with CtBP. Breast Cancer Res 2008. [PMCID: PMC3300710 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
This study describes a novel approach to generate conditionally immortalized preadipocyte cell lines from white adipose tissue (IMWAT) that can be induced to differentiate into white adipocytes even after expansion in culture. Such adipocytes express markers of white fat such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and aP2 but not brown fat markers, have an intact insulin signaling pathway, and express proinflammatory cytokines. They can be readily transduced with adenoviral vectors, allowing them to be used to investigate the consequences of the depletion of specific adipocyte factors using short hairpin RNA. This approach has been used to study the effect of reduced expression of the nuclear receptor corepressor receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140), a regulator of adipocyte function. The depletion of RIP140 results in changes in metabolic gene expression that resemble those in adipose tissue of the RIP140 null mouse. Thus, IMWAT cells provide a novel model for adipocytes that are derived from preadipocytes rather than fibroblasts and provide an alternative system to primary preadipocytes for the investigation of adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Morganstein
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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30
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Anderson BD, Goldberg J, Adler J, Covington L, Olson D, Gordon B, Reaman G, Everett J, Smith M, Christian M. The NCI pediatric central institutional review board (PedCIRB) initiative: Progress and impact. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6632 NCI has developed a central IRB (PedCIRB) to review NCI-sponsored pediatric clinical trials conducted by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). COG comprises ∼200 U.S. medical institutions and protocol activation traditionally requires separate protocol review by each local IRB (LIRB) and, subsequently, a review of each protocol amendment and significant adverse event. The PedCIRB model seeks to increase patient protection by improving the expertise of protocol reviewers and making their review available to all PedCIRB participating institutions. The PedCIRB consists of experts in pediatric oncology, pediatric medicine, nursing, pharmacy, bioethics, biostatistics, as well as patient advocates and childhood cancer survivors. The PedCIRB model also eliminates redundant reviews, reduces administrative burdens on local COG investigators and LIRBs, and can accelerate the pace of local protocol activation, thus increasing the availability of clinical trials to children with cancer. The PedCIRB conducts a full board protocol review that is available via a confidential website to participating LIRBs. LIRBs can choose to perform a facilitated review, using PedCIRB materials, that focuses on local concerns, rather than a full LIRB protocol review. If the LIRB accepts the PedCIRB review, the PedCIRB becomes the IRB of record for that protocol and takes responsibility for the review of subsequent protocol amendments, adverse events and continuing reviews. Since starting in November 2004, the PedCIRB has reviewed 59 protocols. Initial reviews resulted in 44 approvals pending modification and 15 protocols being tabled for further information. The time from protocol submission to final approval by the PedCIRB has ranged from 3 to 28 weeks with an average time of 16.9 weeks during year one and 12.7 weeks during year two of the project. As of November 2006, 117 of a possible 197 U.S. COG institutions (59%) have signed on to the PedCIRB initiative and 70% of the participating institutions have conducted facilitated reviews (total 750) for the 30 protocols available on the PedCIRB website. The PedCIRB's influence on protocol development and patient accrual timelines will be discussed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. D. Anderson
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - J. Goldberg
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - J. Adler
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - L. Covington
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - D. Olson
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - B. Gordon
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - G. Reaman
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - J. Everett
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - M. Smith
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
| | - M. Christian
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD; CTIS, Rockville, MD; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA
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Abstract
NRs (nuclear receptors) regulate the expression of specific gene networks in target cells by recruiting cofactor complexes involved in chromatin remodelling and in the assembly of transcription complexes. The importance of activating gene expression, in metabolic tissues, is well established, but the contribution of transcriptional inhibition is less well defined. In this review, we highlight a crucial role for RIP140 (receptor-interacting protein 140), a transcriptional co-repressor for NR, in the regulation of metabolic gene expression. Many genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are repressed by RIP140 in adipose and muscle. The repressive function of RIP140 results from its ability to bridge NRs to repressive enzyme complexes that modify DNA and histones. In the absence of RIP140, expression from many metabolic genes is increased so that mice exhibit a lean phenotype and resistance to high-fat-diet-induced obesity and display increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We propose that a functional interplay between transcriptional activators and the co-repressor RIP140 is an essential process in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Ansher S, Cristofaro J, Shoemaker D, Christian M. 540 POSTER Novel investigational agent clinical trials: cancer therapy evaluation program initiatives to enhance combination studies. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Christian M, Steffens B, Schenck D, Burmester S, Böttger M, Lüthen H. How does auxin enhance cell elongation? Roles of auxin-binding proteins and potassium channels in growth control. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2006; 8:346-52. [PMID: 16807827 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-923965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Elongation growth and a several other phenomena in plant development are controlled by the plant hormone auxin. A number of recent discoveries shed light on one of the classical problems of plant physiology: the perception of the auxin signal. Two types of auxin receptors are currently known: the AFB/TIR family of F box proteins and ABP1. ABP1 appears to control membrane transport processes (H+ secretion, osmotic adjustment) while the TIR/AFBs have a role in auxin-induced gene expression. Models are proposed to explain how membrane transport (e.g., K+ and H+ fluxes) can act as a cross-linker for the control of more complex auxin responses such as the classical stimulation of cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Physiologie, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Berges G, Davidson HC, Chapman B, Cannon G, Christian M, Harnsberger D, Harnsberger HR. A comparison of two methods of analog-to-digital medical video conversion. J Digit Imaging 2004; 13:109-13. [PMID: 15359748 PMCID: PMC3452967 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare 2 methods of analog-to-digital video conversion in anticipation of improving, refining, and standardizing digital video production for medical education, diagnosis support, and telemedicine. A video workstation was devised containing 2 analog-to-digital video conversion systems: a digital video media converter with fire wire card and a video capture card. A procedure for final digital video production was created that used equivalent compression, pixel resolution, frame rate, and data rate for both systems. A subjective test was performed in which 12 archived analog videotapes, consisting of magnetic resonance angiograms, ultrasounds, neurosurgeries, and telemedicine applications, were converted digitally using the 2 methods. Randomized side by side video comparisons were analyzed and rated by subjective quality. An objective test was performed by videotaping a gray-scale test pattern off a computer monitor, digitally converting it by the 2 methods, and comparing the gray-scale values to the original pattern. There was no significant difference in overall video quality (P = .31) or grayscale reproduction using the 2 methods of analog-to-digital conversion. When performing simple analog-to-digital video conversion, a video capture card is equal in quality and costs less than a digital video (DV) media converter or fire wire card. If a digital video camera is available for use, then a DV media converter or fire wire card is more advantageous because it enables full operation of the digital video camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berges
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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35
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Ansher S, Shoemaker D, Christian M. 598 The cancer therapy evaluation program, National Cancer Institute initiative to enhance combination investigational agent clinical trials. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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36
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Wallington T, Berger L, Henry B, Shahin R, Yaffe B, Mederski B, Berall G, Christian M, McGeer A, Low D, Wong T, Tam T, Ofner M, Hansen L, Gravel D, King A. Update: severe acute respiratory syndrome--Toronto, 2003. Can Commun Dis Rep 2003; 29:113-7. [PMID: 12861660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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37
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Shaw IN, Christian M, Jesudasan K, Kurian N, Rao GS. Effectiveness of multidrug therapy in multibacillary leprosy: a long-term follow-up of 34 multibacillary leprosy patients treated with multidrug regimens till skin smear negativity. LEPROSY REV 2003; 74:141-7. [PMID: 12862255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) Field Trials of multidrug therapy (MDT) started at Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre (SLR & IC), Karigiri, India in December 1981. The patients were treated with two MDT regimens. The first (regimen A) consisted of 600mg rifampicin and 300mg of clofazimine given under supervision on 2 consecutive days monthly, 225mg injection of acedapsone bimonthly and dapsone 100mg daily. The second regimen (regimen B) was the conventional MDT (WHO/MDT), rifampicin 600mg and clofazimine 300mg supervised once a month, dapsone 100mg and clofazimine 50mg daily, unsupervised. Both the regimens were administered for a minimum period of 2 years or until skin smear negativity, whichever occurred later. Thirty-four newly detected previously untreated MB patients, 16 of whom received regimen A and 18 regimen B, were reassessed. Both regimens were well accepted and well tolerated by the patients. Clofazimine discolouration was the only adverse effect of MDT seen in these patients. After completion of treatment with MDT, the patients were followed up for a total duration of 466 person-years with a mean of 13.7 +/- 1.4 years per patient. No relapse was seen.
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Shaw IN, Christian M, Jesudasan K, Kurian N, Rao GS. Effectiveness of multidrug therapy in multibacillary leprosy: a long-term follow-up of 34 multibacillary leprosy patients treated with multidrug regimens till skin smear negativity. LEPROSY REV 2003. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.74.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Terzidou V, Christian M, Loudon JAZ, Thornton S, Bennett PR. Nuclear receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP 140) may be involved with the onset of human labour. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/718591693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mak IYH, Brosens JJ, Christian M, Hills FA, Chamley L, Regan L, White JO. Regulated expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription, Stat5, and its enhancement of PRL expression in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:2581-8. [PMID: 12050218 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.87.6.8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of human endometrium during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by expression of a variety of genes implicated in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. An increased abundance of signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) in the secretory phase suggests Stat5 as a component of the differentiation of endometrium in response to ovarian hormone stimulation in vivo. Decidualization is initiated in a subset of endometrial stromal cells (ESC) in vivo during the secretory phase, but it is unclear whether regulated expression of Stat5 is a feature of these cells. Here, therefore, the abundance and subcellular distribution of Stat5 in ESC after a decidualization stimulus of cAMP plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has been investigated in vitro. Western blotting revealed an increase in the apparent abundance of Stat5a and Stat5b, in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions, at 2, 3, and 4 d after stimulation. The potential functional relevance of this increase in Stat5 is suggested by the ability of transiently transfected Stat5a or Stat5b to significantly enhance the response of the decidual PRL promoter to cAMP/MPA and attenuation of the response to cAMP/MPA by dominant negative Stat5. Recent evidence suggests endometrial differentiation, including PRL production, as a possible target of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) prevalent in recurrent miscarriage. Monoclonal antibody, ID2, which has similar reactivity as human aPL, significantly decreased the apparent abundance of nuclear Stat5b in response to cAMP/MPA and was associated with decreased decidual PRL promoter activation and PRL secretion. Regulated expression of Stat5 is therefore a component of decidual differentiation of human ESC and contributes significantly to activation of the decidual PRL promoter. Alteration of this process by an aPL component suggests decidual differentiation as a potential clinical target in recurrent early miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y H Mak
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Wolfson and Weston Research Centre for Family Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
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41
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Christian M. Functional Association of PR and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Isoforms: Promoter-Dependent Cooperation between PR-B and Liver-Enriched Inhibitory Protein, or Liver-Enriched Activatory Protein and PR-A in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2002. [DOI: 10.1210/me.16.1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Leprinc AS, Grandbastien MA, Christian M. Retrotransposons of the Tnt1B family are mobile in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and can induce alternative splicing of the host gene upon insertion. Plant Mol Biol 2001; 47:533-41. [PMID: 11669578 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011846910918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Active retrotransposons have been identified in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia by their ability to disrupt the nitrate reductase gene in chlorate-resistant mutants selected from protoplast-derived cultures. In mutants E23 and F97, two independent insertions of Tnp2, a new retrotransposon closely related to the tobacco Tnt1 elements, were detected in the nitrate reductase gene. These two Tnp2 elements are members of the Tnt1B subfamily which shows that Tnt1B elements can be active and mutagenic in the N. plumbaginifolia genome. Furthermore, these results suggest that Tnt1B is the most active family of Tntl elements in N. plumbaginifolia, whereas in tobacco only members of the Tnt1A subfamily were found inserted in the nitrate reductase gene. The transcriptional regulations of Tnp2 and Tnt1A elements are most probably different due to non-conserved U3 regions. Our results thus support the hypothesis that different Nicotiana species contain different active Tntl subfamilies and that only one active Tntl subfamily might be maintained in each of these species. The Tnp2 insertion found in the F97 mutant was found to be spliced out of the nitrate reductase mRNA by activation of cryptic donor and acceptor sites in the nitrate reductase and the Tnp2 sequences respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leprinc
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, Centre de Versailles, France
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43
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Abstract
Protoplasts of corn coleoptiles and Arabidopsis hypocotyls respond to the plant hormone auxin with a rapid change in volume. We checked the effect of antibodies directed against epitopes of auxin-binding protein 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtERabp1) and Zea mays (ZmERabp1), respectively. Antibodies raised against the C-terminus of AtERabp1 inhibited the response to auxin, while antibodies raised against a part of box a, the putative auxin-binding domain, induced a swelling response similar to that caused by auxin treatment. Synthetic C-terminal oligopeptides of ZmERabp1 also caused a swelling response. These effects occurred regardless of whether the experiments were carried out with homologous (anti-AtERabp1 antibodies on Arabidopsis protoplasts or anti-ZmERabp1 antibodies in maize protoplasts) or heterologous immunological tools. The results indicate that the auxin signal for protoplast swelling is perceived by extracellular ABP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Steffens
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
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Christian M, Marangos P, Mak I, McVey J, Barker F, White J, Brosens JJ. Interferon-gamma modulates prolactin and tissue factor expression in differentiating human endometrial stromal cells. Endocrinology 2001; 142:3142-51. [PMID: 11416037 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.7.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) released by resident uterine immune cells are thought to influence the expression of differentiated function in the human endometrium. Decidualization of the stromal cell compartment is confined to the superficial endometrial layer in the nonpregnant uterus. To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the spatial expression of the decidual phenotype, the effect of IFNgamma on the induction of two well characterized markers of endometrial stromal (ES) cell differentiation, PRL and tissue factor (TF), has been investigated. IFNgamma antagonizes cAMP-mediated PRL protein and messenger RNA expression in primary ES cell cultures through inhibition of decidual PRL promoter activity. In parallel, IFNgamma stimulates Stat-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) expression, phosphorylation, and translocation to the nucleus. Exogenously expressed Stat-1 potently represses decidual PRL promoter activation, indicating the potential for the inhibitory effects of IFNgamma to be mediated by Stat-1. We demonstrate that although the coactivator CREB-binding protein/p300 is essential for decidual PRL transcription, this coactivator does not appear to be the target for IFNgamma-mediated repression. By contrast, IFNgamma has little effect on cAMP-mediated TF expression, but induces TF in ES cells not exposed to a decidualizing stimulus. This suggested that in vivo TF expression may not be restricted to decidualizing cells of the superficial layer and was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis demonstrating intense TF staining in the basal stromal compartment during the regeneration phase of the cycle. The differential sensitivity of decidualization-associated genes to IFNgamma illustrates its potential role as a selective biological response modifier that influences regional function within the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, and Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Center, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom W12 ONN
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Johnson JI, Decker S, Zaharevitz D, Rubinstein LV, Venditti JM, Schepartz S, Kalyandrug S, Christian M, Arbuck S, Hollingshead M, Sausville EA. Relationships between drug activity in NCI preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and early clinical trials. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:1424-31. [PMID: 11355958 PMCID: PMC2363645 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the activity of compounds tested in pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro assays by the National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program was performed. For 39 agents with both xenograft data and Phase II clinical trials results available, in vivo activity in a particular histology in a tumour model did not closely correlate with activity in the same human cancer histology, casting doubt on the correspondence of the pre-clinical models to clinical results. However, for compounds with in vivo activity in at least one-third of tested xenograft models, there was correlation with ultimate activity in at least some Phase II trials. Thus, an efficient means of predicting activity in vivo models remains desirable for compounds with anti-proliferative activity in vitro. For 564 compounds tested in the hollow fibre assay which were also tested against in vivo tumour models, the likelihood of finding xenograft activity in at least one-third of the in vivo models tested rose with increasing intraperitoneal hollow fibre activity, from 8% for all compounds tested to 20% in agents with evidence of response in more than 6 intraperitoneal fibres (P< 0.0001). Intraperitoneal hollow fibre activity was also found to be a better predictor of xenograft activity than either subcutaneous hollow fibre activity or intraperitoneal plus subcutaneous activity combined. Since hollow fibre activity was a useful indicator of potential in vivo response, correlates with hollow fibre activity were examined for 2304 compounds tested in both the NCI 60 cell line in vitro cancer drug screen and hollow fibre assay. A positive correlation was found for histologic selectivity between in vitro and hollow fibre responses. The most striking correlation was between potency in the 60 cell line screen and hollow fibre activity; 56% of compounds with mean 50% growth inhibition below 10–7.5 M were active in more than 6 intraperitoneal fibres whereas only 4% of compounds with a potency of 10–4 M achieved the same level of hollow fibre activity (P< 0.0001). Structural parameters of the drugs analysed included compound molecular weight and hydrogen-bonding factors, both of which were found to be predictive of hollow fibre activity. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign www.bjcancer.com
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Johnson
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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46
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Freed ML, Freed L, Chatburn RL, Christian M. Electrical stimulation for swallowing disorders caused by stroke. Respir Care 2001; 46:466-74. [PMID: 11309186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 15 million adults in the United States are affected by dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Severe dysphagia predisposes to medical complications such as aspiration pneumonia, bronchospasm, dehydration, malnutrition, and asphyxia. These can cause death or increased health care costs from increased severity of illness and prolonged length of stay. Existing modalities for treating dysphagia are generally ineffective, and at best it may take weeks to months to show improvement. One common conventional therapy, application of cold stimulus to the base of the anterior faucial arch, has been reported to be somewhat effective. We describe an alternative treatment consisting of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) applied through electrodes placed on the neck. OBJECTIVE Compare the effectiveness of ES treatment to thermal-tactile stimulation (TS) treatment in patients with dysphagia caused by stroke and assess the safety of the technique. METHODS In this controlled study, stroke patients with swallowing disorder were alternately assigned to one of the two treatment groups (TS or ES). Entry criteria included a primary diagnosis of stroke and confirmation of swallowing disorder by modified barium swallow (MBS). TS consisted of touching the base of the anterior faucial arch with a metal probe chilled by immersion in ice. ES was administered with a modified hand-held battery-powered electrical stimulator connected to a pair of electrodes positioned on the neck. Daily treatments of TS or ES lasted 1 hour. Swallow function before and after the treatment regimen was scored from 0 (aspirates own saliva) to 6 (normal swallow) based on substances the patients could swallow during a modified barium swallow. Demographic data were compared with the test and Fisher exact test. Swallow scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS The treatment groups were of similar age and gender (p > 0.27), co-morbid conditions (p = 0.0044), and initial swallow score (p = 0.74). Both treatment groups showed improvement in swallow score, but the final swallow scores were higher in the ES group (p > 0.0001). In addition, 98% of ES patients showed some improvement, whereas 27% of TS patients remained at initial swallow score and 11% got worse. These results are based on similar numbers of treatments (average of 5.5 for ES and 6.0 for TS, p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS ES appears to be a safe and effective treatment for dysphagia due to stroke and results in better swallow function than conventional TS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Freed
- Respiratory Care Department, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106, USA.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
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Shaw IN, Natrajan MM, Rao GS, Jesudasan K, Christian M, Kavitha M. Long-term follow up of multibacillary leprosy patients with high BI treated with WHO/MDT regimen for a fixed duration of two years. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2000; 68:405-9. [PMID: 11332283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Forty-six, newly detected, previously untreated multibacillary (MB) patients with a bacterial index (BI) of > or = 3+ who had received WHO/MDT for 2 years were followed up for a total duration of 424 person-years and a mean duration of 9.26 +/- 2.98 years per patient. The BIs of the patients continued to fall, and all of the patients, except one, reached skin-smear negativity. WHO/MDT was well accepted and well tolerated. Relapse, which was defined as an increase in the BI of 1+ or more with or without clinical evidence of activity, was observed in only one patient, giving a relapse rate of 2.2% or 0.23 per 100 person-years in patients with a BI of > or = 3+ after long-term follow up. This patient was started on a second course of WHO/MDT to which he responded favorably. WHO/MDT for a fixed duration of 2 years for MB patients as recommended by the WHO is vindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Shaw
- Department of Community Health, Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Center, Karigiri, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu 632 106, India
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen is an essential element for collagen synthesis and reepithelialization. The use of topical oxygen after CO2 laser resurfacing has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To compare the rate and quality of healing in wounds treated with an oxygen mist to those treated with occlusive dressing following CO2 laser resurfacing. METHODS Three patients underwent CO2 laser resurfacing to each half of the face 3 weeks apart. Postoperatively, half of the face was treated with an oxygen mist protocol for 5 days, while the other half was treated with occlusive dressing for 4 days. RESULTS At postoperative day 5, significantly less crusting was observed on the half of the face treated with the oxygen mist protocol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The oxygen mist postoperative protocol may offer patients similar overall healing rates and significantly less crusting compared to occlusive dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Onouye
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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