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Rachwalski K, Tu MM, Madden SJ, French S, Hansen DM, Brown ED. A mobile CRISPRi collection enables genetic interaction studies for the essential genes of Escherichia coli. Cell Rep Methods 2024; 4:100693. [PMID: 38262349 PMCID: PMC10832289 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Advances in gene editing, in particular CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), have enabled depletion of essential cellular machinery to study the downstream effects on bacterial physiology. Here, we describe the construction of an ordered E. coli CRISPRi collection, designed to knock down the expression of 356 essential genes with the induction of a catalytically inactive Cas9, harbored on the conjugative plasmid pFD152. This mobile CRISPRi library can be conjugated into other ordered genetic libraries to assess combined effects of essential gene knockdowns with non-essential gene deletions. As proof of concept, we probed cell envelope synthesis with two complementary crosses: (1) an Lpp deletion into every CRISPRi knockdown strain and (2) the lolA knockdown plasmid into the Keio collection. These experiments revealed a number of notable genetic interactions for the essential phenotype probed and, in particular, showed suppressing interactions for the loci in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Rachwalski
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sean J Madden
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Shawn French
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Drew M Hansen
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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2
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Carfrae LA, Rachwalski K, French S, Gordzevich R, Seidel L, Tsai CN, Tu MM, MacNair CR, Ovchinnikova OG, Clarke BR, Whitfield C, Brown ED. Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis overcomes colistin resistance. Nat Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41564-023-01369-z. [PMID: 37127701 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Treating multidrug-resistant infections has increasingly relied on last-resort antibiotics, including polymyxins, for example colistin. As polymyxins are given routinely, the prevalence of their resistance is on the rise and increases mortality rates of sepsis patients. The global dissemination of plasmid-borne colistin resistance, driven by the emergence of mcr-1, threatens to diminish the therapeutic utility of polymyxins from an already shrinking antibiotic arsenal. Restoring sensitivity to polymyxins using combination therapy with sensitizing drugs is a promising approach to reviving its clinical utility. Here we describe the ability of the biotin biosynthesis inhibitor, MAC13772, to synergize with colistin exclusively against colistin-resistant bacteria. MAC13772 indirectly disrupts fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and restores sensitivity to the last-resort antibiotic, colistin. Accordingly, we found that combinations of colistin and other FAS inhibitors, cerulenin, triclosan and Debio1452-NH3, had broad potential against both chromosomal and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in chequerboard and lysis assays. Furthermore, combination therapy with colistin and the clinically relevant FabI inhibitor, Debio1452-NH3, showed efficacy against mcr-1 positive Klebsiella pneumoniae and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli systemic infections in mice. Using chemical genomics, lipidomics and transcriptomics, we explored the mechanism of the interaction. We propose that inhibiting FAS restores colistin sensitivity by depleting lipid synthesis, leading to changes in phospholipid composition. In all, this work reveals a surprising link between FAS and colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Carfrae
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rachwalski
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn French
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodion Gordzevich
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Seidel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caressa N Tsai
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig R MacNair
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga G Ovchinnikova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley R Clarke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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MacNair CR, Farha MA, Serrano-Wu MH, Lee KK, Hubbard B, Côté JP, Carfrae LA, Tu MM, Gaulin JL, Hunt DK, Hung DT, Brown ED. Preclinical Development of Pentamidine Analogs Identifies a Potent and Nontoxic Antibiotic Adjuvant. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:768-777. [PMID: 35319198 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty in treating Gram-negative bacteria can largely be attributed to their highly impermeable outer membrane (OM), which serves as a barrier to many otherwise active antibiotics. This can be overcome with the use of perturbant molecules, which disrupt OM integrity and sensitize Gram-negative bacteria to many clinically available Gram-positive-active antibiotics. Although many new perturbants have been identified in recent years, most of these molecules are impeded by toxicity due to the similarities between pathogen and host cell membranes. For example, our group recently reported the cryptic OM-perturbing activity of the antiprotozoal drug pentamidine. Its development as an antibiotic adjuvant is limited, however, by toxicity concerns. Herein, we took a medicinal chemistry approach to develop novel analogs of pentamidine, aiming to improve its OM activity while reducing its off-target toxicity. We identified the compound P35, which induces OM disruption and potentiates Gram-positive-active antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Relative to pentamidine, P35 has reduced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and hERG trafficking inhibition. Additionally, P35 outperforms pentamidine in a murine model of A. baumannii bacteremia. Together, this preclinical analysis supports P35 as a promising lead for further development as an OM perturbant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. MacNair
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Maya A. Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael H. Serrano-Wu
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Katie K. Lee
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian Hubbard
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Côté
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lindsey A. Carfrae
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Megan M. Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L. Gaulin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Diana K. Hunt
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deborah T. Hung
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eric D. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
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Tu MM, Abdel-Hafiz HA, Jones RT, Jean A, Hoff KJ, Duex JE, Chauca-Diaz A, Costello JC, Dancik GM, Tamburini BAJ, Czerniak B, Kaye J, Theodorescu D. Inhibition of the CCL2 receptor, CCR2, enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint therapy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:720. [PMID: 33247183 PMCID: PMC7699641 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are now a mainstay in the clinical management of multiple cancer types, however, many tumors still fail to respond. CCL2 is highly expressed in various cancer types and has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition or blockade of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis has thus been an area of interest for cancer therapy. Here we show across multiple murine tumor and metastasis models that CCR2 antagonism in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-PD-1 monotherapy. We show that enhanced treatment response correlates with enhanced CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation and a concomitant decrease in CD4+ regulatory T cell. These results provide strong preclinical rationale for further clinical exploration of combining CCR2 antagonism with PD-1/PD-L1-directed immunotherapies across multiple tumor types especially given the availability of small molecule CCR2 inhibitors and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Tu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Annie Jean
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katelyn J Hoff
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason E Duex
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Chauca-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Tu MM, Lee FYF, Jones RT, Kimball AK, Saravia E, Graziano RF, Coleman B, Menard K, Yan J, Michaud E, Chang H, Abdel-Hafiz HA, Rozhok AI, Duex JE, Agarwal N, Chauca-Diaz A, Johnson LK, Ng TL, Cambier JC, Clambey ET, Costello JC, Korman AJ, Theodorescu D. Abstract IA10: Developing rational combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.bladder19-ia10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeting antibodies to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is an effective treatment across multiple cancer types. While a subset of patients receiving these therapies experience favorable responses, many still show disease progression, highlighting the importance of other mechanisms influencing immune responsiveness in these tumors. Therefore, combining therapies that enhance antitumor immunity has been an area of great interest to the entire cancer community. We have recently tackled this challenge in the rapidly evolving field of cancer immunotherapy by using in vivo functional genomics to identify genes whose inhibition potentiates the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Using an in vivo screening approach with a customized shRNA pooled library, we identified a number of candidates including DDR2 as promising targets for the enhancement of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In the case of DDR2, using isogenic in vivo murine models across five different tumor histologies—bladder, breast, colon, sarcoma, and melanoma—we show that DDR2 depletion increases sensitivity to anti-PD-1 treatment compared to monotherapy. Combination treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-PD-1 and dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of DDR2, also led to tumor load reduction and in some cases, complete clearance. RNAseq and CyTOF analysis revealed higher CD8+ T-cell populations in tumors with DDR2 depletion and those treated with dasatinib when either was combined with anti-PD-1 treatment. Our work provides strong scientific rationale for targeting DDR2 in combination with PD-1 inhibitors. In addition, a number of other potential druggable targets have been identified in our screen that we are currently pursuing.
Citation Format: Megan M. Tu, Francis Y. F. Lee, Robert T. Jones, Abigail K. Kimball, Elizabeth Saravia, Robert F. Graziano, Brianne Coleman, Krista Menard, Jun Yan, Erin Michaud, Han Chang, Hany A. Abdel-Hafiz, Andrii I. Rozhok, Jason E. Duex, Neeraj Agarwal, Ana Chauca-Diaz, Linda K. Johnson, Terry L. Ng, John C. Cambier, Eric T. Clambey, James C. Costello, Alan J. Korman, Dan Theodorescu. Developing rational combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Tu
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
| | | | - Robert T. Jones
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Yan
- 2Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ,
| | | | - Han Chang
- 2Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ,
| | | | | | - Jason E. Duex
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
| | - Ana Chauca-Diaz
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
| | | | - Terry L. Ng
- 4The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Eric T. Clambey
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
| | | | | | - Dan Theodorescu
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
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Ng TL, Tu MM, Ibrahim MFK, Basulaiman BM, McGee S, Srikanthan A, Fernandes R, Vandermeer L, Stober C, Sienkiewicz M, Jeong A, Saunders D, Awan AA, Hutton B, Clemons MJ. Efficacy and toxicity of extending bone modifying agents beyond two years for bone metastases in breast or castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients: A systematic review. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e24083 Background: Randomized clinical trials evaluated bone modifying agents (BMAs) such as bisphosphonates and denosumab for bone metastases for 1-2 years in duration even though BMA therapy is commonly administered for much longer. A systematic review on the risk-benefit of continuing BMAs for longer than 2 years in breast cancer or castrate-resistant prostate cancer was conducted. Methods: Medline, Embase and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched (1970 - February 2019) for randomized studies, observational studies, and case series reporting on BMA efficacy and toxicity beyond 2 years. Efficacy was assessed by skeletal-related event (SRE) rates and quality of life metrics. Toxicity was assessed by rates of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), renal impairment, hypocalcemia, and atypical femoral fractures (AFF). Results: Of 2107 citations, 64 studies were identified. A total of 3 prospective and 9 retrospective studies were eligible. Data beyond 2 years was limited to subgroup analyses in all studies. Three studies [zoledronate (ZOL) (n = 481), pamidronate (PAM) (n = 87), PAM-ZOL (n = 43) ibandronate (n = 30)] reported on SRE-related endpoints. Only one study reported SRE rates based on duration of BMA exposure and showed reduced SRE rates from 27.6% (0-24 months) to 15.5% ( > 24 months) over time. None reported on quality of life. All 12 studies [denosumab (n = 948), ZOL (n = 1036), PAM (n = 163), PAM-ZOL (n = 522), ibandronate (n = 118)] reported on at least one toxicity outcome. Data from 7 bisphosphonate studies (n = 1077) and 1 denosumab study (n = 948) reported on ONJ incidence. In 3 studies (n = 67, n = 221, n = 948), ONJ incidence ranged from 1-4% in the first 2 years and from 3.8-18% beyond 2 years. In another study (n = 252), the cumulative hazard of ONJ was 0% (1% ZOL), 3% (7% ZOL), 7% (21% ZOL) and 11% (21% ZOL) at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively (p = 0.005); 4 remaining studies reported 1 (n = 181), 3 (n = 57), 7 (n = 99) and 2 (n = 200) cases of ONJ, all after 24 months. Incidence of clinically significant hypocalcemia ranged from 1-2%. Incidence of severe renal function decline was ≤ 3%. AFF occurred in two subjects in one of two studies after 37 and 79 months of BMA exposure. Conclusions: Although the evidence informing the use of BMA is heterogeneous and based on retrospective analysis, BMA exposure beyond 2 years is associated with reduced SRE risk and increased ONJ incidence. Prospective randomized studies addressing the use of BMA for more than 2 years is needed with greater emphasis on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Megan M. Tu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed FK Ibrahim
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Medical Oncology, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sharon McGee
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amirrtha Srikanthan
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Division of Medical Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carol Stober
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ahwon Jeong
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Arif Ali Awan
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J. Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wang Y, Jiang T, Qin Z, Jiang J, Wang Q, Yang S, Rivard C, Gao G, Ng TL, Tu MM, Yu H, Ji H, Zhou C, Ren S, Zhang J, Bunn P, Doebele RC, Camidge DR, Hirsch FR. HER2 exon 20 insertions in non-small-cell lung cancer are sensitive to the irreversible pan-HER receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pyrotinib. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:447-455. [PMID: 30596880 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations remains an unmet need. This study investigated the antitumor effect of an irreversible pan-HER receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, pyrotinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using patient-derived organoids and xenografts established from an HER2-A775_G776YVMA-inserted advanced lung adenocarcinoma patient sample, we investigated the antitumor activity of pyrotinib. Preliminary safety and efficacy of pyrotinib in 15 HER2-mutant NSCLC patients in a phase II clinical trial are also presented. RESULTS Pyrotinib showed significant growth inhibition of organoids relative to afatinib in vitro (P = 0.0038). In the PDX model, pyrotinib showed a superior antitumor effect than afatinib (P = 0.0471) and T-DM1 (P = 0.0138). Mice treated with pyrotinib displayed significant tumor burden reduction (mean tumor volume, -52.2%). In contrast, afatinib (25.4%) and T-DM1 (10.9%) showed no obvious reduction. Moreover, pyrotinib showed a robust ability to inhibit pHER2, pERK and pAkt. In the phase II cohort of 15 patients with HER2-mutant NSCLC, pyrotinib 400 mg resulted in a objective response rate of 53.3% and a median progression-free survival of 6.4 months. CONCLUSION Pyrotinib showed activity against NSCLC with HER2 exon 20 mutations in both patient-derived organoids and a PDX model. In the clinical trial, pyrotinib showed promising efficacy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02535507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - T Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Z Qin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Hengrui Pharmaceutical Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Hengrui Pharmaceutical Company, Shanghai, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - C Rivard
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - G Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - T L Ng
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - M M Tu
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora
| | - H Yu
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - H Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
| | - C Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - S Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.
| | - J Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - P Bunn
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - R C Doebele
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - D R Camidge
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - F R Hirsch
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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8
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Tu MM, Ng TL, De Jong FC, Zuiverloon TC, Fazzari FG, Theodorescu D. Molecular Biomarkers of Response to PD-1/ PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Advanced Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2019; 5:131-145. [PMID: 33365377 PMCID: PMC7747768 DOI: 10.3233/blc-190218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) is promising for many patients. However, a subset of patients do not benefit from treatment, thus leading to an effort to better identify predictive molecular biomarkers of response. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the literature on predictive molecular biomarkers associated with response to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, defined as locally-advanced, unresectable, or metastatic (mBC) disease. METHODS A search of the literature was performed using Embase (1947 - January 2019), Medline (1946 - January 2019), and EBM Reviews for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (as of December 2018). Studies examining the association of molecular biomarkers with clinical outcome in BC treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 monotherapy were included. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, and objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Using the study search criteria, 899 unique abstract citations were found, of which 834 did not meet the eligibility criteria. Full text of the remaining 65 citations were screened, and 50 studies excluded, including 18 review articles. Eight additional studies from the bibliography of the review papers were included, making a total of 23 studies. Five PD-1 / PD-L1 antibodies have been tested in BC immunohistochemistry (IHC). These studies used different expression scoring criteria and generally had poor ability to discriminate likelihood for response. Overall, the data suggests CD8+ T cell infiltration is necessary to mediate an antitumor immune response, but other immune cell populations, such as neutrophils may suppress T cell-mediated immunity and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. An IFNγ signature is a promising predictor, but there needs to be consensus on the optimal gene panel composition, and prospective validation. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a promising predictor in six studies reporting on 1200 patients, but there is not a consensus on the optimal definition of "high TMB". Detection of T cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion has only been conducted in small studies and so its predictive value remains inconclusive. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) are associated with poor prognosis and possibly intrinsic resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, but more work needs to be done to build upon and confirm the initial findings. CONCLUSIONS Currently no molecular biomarker is sufficiently mature for routine clinical use, while some candidates, or a combination show great promise and need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Tu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Terry L. Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Florus C. De Jong
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahlita C.M. Zuiverloon
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan Theodorescu
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Dan Theodorescu, Cedars-Sinai Health System, 8700 Beverly Blvd., OCC Mezz C2002, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. Tel.: +1 310 423 8431; E-mail:
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9
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Tu MM, Lee FY, Jones RT, Kimball AK, Saravia E, Graziano RF, Coleman B, Menard K, Yan J, Michaud E, Chang H, Abdel-Hafiz HA, Rozhok AI, Duex JE, Agarwal N, Chauca-Diaz A, Johnson LK, Ng TL, Cambier JC, Clambey ET, Costello JC, Korman AJ, Theodorescu D. Abstract 4085: DDR2 inhibition enhances response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Therapies targeting PD-1 are used in multiple cancer types. While a fraction of patients show durable therapeutic responses, most remain unresponsive, highlighting an urgent need to better understand and improve these therapies. Using an in vivo screening approach with a customized shRNA pooled library, we identified DDR2 as a leading target for the enhancement of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Using isogenic in vivo murine models across five different tumor histologies, bladder, breast, colon, sarcoma and melanoma, we show that DDR2 depletion increases sensitivity to anti-PD-1 treatment compared to monotherapy. Combination treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-PD-1 and dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of DDR2, also led to tumor load reduction and in some cases, complete clearance. RNAseq and CyTOF analysis revealed higher CD8+ T cell populations in tumors with DDR2 depletion and those treated with dasatinib when either was combined with anti-PD-1 treatment. Our work provides strong scientific rationale for targeting DDR2 in combination with PD-1 inhibitors.
Citation Format: Megan M. Tu, Francis Y. Lee, Robert T. Jones, Abigail K. Kimball, Elizabeth Saravia, Robert F. Graziano, Brianne Coleman, Krista Menard, Jun Yan, Erin Michaud, Han Chang, Hany A. Abdel-Hafiz, Andrii I. Rozhok, Jason E. Duex, Neeraj Agarwal, Ana Chauca-Diaz, Linda K. Johnson, Terry L. Ng, John C. Cambier, Eric T. Clambey, James C. Costello, Alan J. Korman, Dan Theodorescu. DDR2 inhibition enhances response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Tu
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry L. Ng
- 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO
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10
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Tu MM, Lee FYF, Jones RT, Kimball AK, Saravia E, Graziano RF, Coleman B, Menard K, Yan J, Michaud E, Chang H, Abdel-Hafiz HA, Rozhok AI, Duex JE, Agarwal N, Chauca-Diaz A, Johnson LK, Ng TL, Cambier JC, Clambey ET, Costello JC, Korman AJ, Theodorescu D. Targeting DDR2 enhances tumor response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2437. [PMID: 30801016 PMCID: PMC6382401 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While a fraction of cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 show durable therapeutic responses, most remain unresponsive, highlighting the need to better understand and improve these therapies. Using an in vivo screening approach with a customized shRNA pooled library, we identified DDR2 as a leading target for the enhancement of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Using isogenic in vivo murine models across five different tumor histologies-bladder, breast, colon, sarcoma, and melanoma-we show that DDR2 depletion increases sensitivity to anti-PD-1 treatment compared to monotherapy. Combination treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-PD-1 and dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of DDR2, led to tumor load reduction. RNA-seq and CyTOF analysis revealed higher CD8+ T cell populations in tumors with DDR2 depletion and those treated with dasatinib when either was combined with anti-PD-1 treatment. Our work provides strong scientific rationale for targeting DDR2 in combination with PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Tu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Robert T. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Abigail K. Kimball
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Brianne Coleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Jun Yan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Han Chang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Hany A. Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrii I. Rozhok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason E. Duex
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Chauca-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Linda K. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Terry L. Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John C. Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric T. Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C. Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Ng TL, Smith DE, Mushtaq R, Patil T, Dimou A, Yang S, Liu Q, Li X, Zhou C, Jones RT, Tu MM, Yan F, Bowman IA, Liu SV, Newkirk S, Bauml J, Doebele RC, Aisner DL, Gao D, Ren S, Camidge DR. ROS1 Gene Rearrangements Are Associated With an Elevated Risk of Peridiagnosis Thromboembolic Events. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:596-605. [PMID: 30543838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to determine whether advanced ROS1 gene-rearranged NSCLC (ROS1+ NSCLC) has a higher than expected thromboembolic event (TEE) rate. METHODS Venous and arterial TEEs within ±365 days of diagnosis of ROS1+, ALK+, EGFR+, or KRAS+ advanced NSCLC at five academic centers in the United States and China were captured (October 2002-April 2018). The primary endpoint was incidence of TEE in ROS1+ compared to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+, EGFR+, and KRAS+ NSCLC within ±90 days of diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to assess if the odds of TEE differed among oncogene drivers. RESULTS Eligible data from 95 ROS1+, 193 ALK+, 300 EGFR+, and 152 KRAS+ NSCLC patients were analyzed. The incidence rate of TEE was 34.7% (n = 33), 22.3% (n = 43), 13.7% (n = 41), and 18.4% (n = 28), respectively. In univariate analysis, the odds of a TEE in ROS1+ NSCLC were higher than ALK+, EGFR+, and KRAS+ cohorts. In multivariable analysis, the odds of a TEE were significantly higher for ROS1+ compared to EGFR+ and KRAS+ cohorts, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.44, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.31-4.57 (p = 0.005), and OR: 2.62, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.26-5.46 (p = 0.01), respectively. Although numerically superior, the odds for a TEE with ROS1+ compared to ALK+ was not statistically significant (OR: 1.45, p = 0.229). Overall survival was not significantly different in patients with or without TEE within ±90 days of diagnosis in the overall study cohort or within each molecular group. CONCLUSIONS The risk of peridiagnostic TEEs is significantly elevated in patients with advanced ROS+ NSCLC compared to EGFR+ and KRAS+ cases. TEE risk may be similarly elevated in ALK+ NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Derek E Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rao Mushtaq
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tejas Patil
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anastasios Dimou
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shuo Yang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Megan M Tu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, and University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Flora Yan
- University of Texas at Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Siera Newkirk
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua Bauml
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dara L Aisner
- University of Colorado, Department of Pathology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - D Ross Camidge
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Abou-Samra E, Hickey Z, Aguilar OA, Scur M, Mahmoud AB, Pyatibrat S, Tu MM, Francispillai J, Mortha A, Carlyle JR, Rahim MMA, Makrigiannis AP. NKR-P1B expression in gut-associated innate lymphoid cells is required for the control of gastrointestinal tract infections. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:868-877. [PMID: 30275537 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper-type innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play an important role in intestinal homeostasis. Members of the NKR-P1 gene family are expressed in various innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, and their cognate Clr ligand family members are expressed in various specialized tissues, including the intestinal epithelium, where they may play an important role in mucosal-associated innate immune responses. In this study, we show that the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor, but not the Ly49 receptor, is expressed in gut-resident NK cells, ILC, and a subset of γδT cells in a tissue-specific manner. ILC3 cells constitute the predominant cell subset expressing NKR-P1B in the gut lamina propria. The known NKR-P1B ligand Clr-b is broadly expressed in gut-associated cells of hematopoietic origin. The genetic deletion of NKR-P1B results in a higher frequency and number of ILC3 and γδT cells in the gut lamina propria. However, the function of gut-resident ILC3, NK, and γδT cells in NKR-P1B-deficient mice is impaired during gastrointestinal tract infection by Citrobacter rodentium or Salmonella typhimurium, resulting in increased systemic bacterial dissemination in NKR-P1B-deficient mice. Our findings highlight the role of the NKR-P1B:Clr-b recognition system in the modulation of intestinal innate immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abou-Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Zachary Hickey
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergey Pyatibrat
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Francispillai
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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13
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Tu MM, Rahim MMA, Sayed C, Mahmoud AB, Makrigiannis AP. Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting of Breast Cancer via Class I MHC Receptors. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:1016-1028. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Aguilar OA, Berry R, Rahim MMA, Reichel JJ, Popović B, Tanaka M, Fu Z, Balaji GR, Lau TNH, Tu MM, Kirkham CL, Mahmoud AB, Mesci A, Krmpotić A, Allan DSJ, Makrigiannis AP, Jonjić S, Rossjohn J, Carlyle JR. A Viral Immunoevasin Controls Innate Immunity by Targeting the Prototypical Natural Killer Cell Receptor Family. Cell 2017; 169:58-71.e14. [PMID: 28340350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in innate immunity by detecting alterations in self and non-self ligands via paired NK cell receptors (NKRs). Despite identification of numerous NKR-ligand interactions, physiological ligands for the prototypical NK1.1 orphan receptor remain elusive. Here, we identify a viral ligand for the inhibitory and activating NKR-P1 (NK1.1) receptors. This murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded protein, m12, restrains NK cell effector function by directly engaging the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor. However, m12 also interacts with the activating NKR-P1A/C receptors to counterbalance m12 decoy function. Structural analyses reveal that m12 sequesters a large NKR-P1 surface area via a "polar claw" mechanism. Polymorphisms in, and ablation of, the viral m12 protein and host NKR-P1B/C alleles impact NK cell responses in vivo. Thus, we identify the long-sought foreign ligand for this key immunoregulatory NKR family and reveal how it controls the evolutionary balance of immune recognition during host-pathogen interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Johanna J Reichel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gautham R Balaji
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Timothy N H Lau
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Christina L Kirkham
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, 30001 Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aruz Mesci
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - David S J Allan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Carlyle JR, Berry R, Rahim MMA, Reichel JJ, Popovic B, Tanaka M, Fu Z, Balaji GR, Lau TNH, Tu MM, Kirkham CL, Mahmoud AB, Mesci A, Krmpotic A, Allan DS, Makrigiannis AP, Jonjic S, Rossjohn J, Aguilar OA. A viral immunoevasin controls innate immunity by targeting the prototypical natural killer cell receptor family (NK1.1/NKR-P1). The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.70.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in innate immunity by detecting alterations in self and non-self ligands via paired NK cell receptors (NKR). Despite identification of numerous NKR-ligand interactions, physiological ligands for the prototypical NK1.1 orphan receptor remain elusive. Here, we identify a viral ligand for the inhibitory and activating NKR-P1 (NK1.1) receptors. This murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded protein, m12, restrains NK effector function by directly engaging the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor. However, m12 also interacts with the activating NKR-P1A/C receptors to counterbalance m12 decoy function. Structural analyses reveal that m12 sequesters a large NKR-P1 surface area via a “polar claw” mechanism. Polymorphisms in, and ablation of, the viral m12 protein and host NKR-P1B/C alleles impact NK cell responses in vivo. Thus, we identify the long-sought foreign ligand for this key immunoregulatory NK cell receptor family and reveal how it controls the evolutionary balance of immune recognition during host-pathogen interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Miho Tanaka
- 1Univ. of Toronto, Canada
- 2Sunnybrook Res. Inst., Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aruz Mesci
- 1Univ. of Toronto, Canada
- 2Sunnybrook Res. Inst., Canada
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Mahmoud AB, Tu MM, Wight A, Zein HS, Rahim MMA, Lee SH, Sekhon HS, Brown EG, Makrigiannis AP. Correction: Influenza Virus Targets Class I MHC-Educated NK Cells for Immunoevasion. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006021. [PMID: 27814389 PMCID: PMC5096694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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17
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Tu MM, Mahmoud AB, Makrigiannis AP. Licensed and Unlicensed NK Cells: Differential Roles in Cancer and Viral Control. Front Immunol 2016; 7:166. [PMID: 27199990 PMCID: PMC4852173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are known for their well characterized ability to control viral infections and eliminate tumor cells. Through their repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are able to survey different potential target cells for various surface markers, such as MHC-I – which signals to the NK cell that the target is healthy – as well as stress ligands or viral proteins, which alert the NK cell to the aberrant state of the target and initiate a response. According to the “licensing” hypothesis, interactions between self-specific MHC-I receptors – Ly49 in mice and KIR in humans – and self-MHC-I molecules during NK cell development is crucial for NK cell functionality. However, there also exists a large proportion of NK cells in mice and humans, which lack self-specific MHC-I receptors and are consequentially “unlicensed.” While the licensed NK cell subset plays a major role in the control of MHC-I-deficient tumors, this review will go on to highlight the important role of the unlicensed NK cell subset in the control of MHC-I-expressing tumors, as well as in viral control. Unlike the licensed NK cells, unlicensed NK cells seem to benefit from the lack of self-specific inhibitory receptors, which could otherwise be exploited by some aberrant cells for immunoevasion by upregulating the expression of ligands or mimic ligands for these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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Mahmoud AB, Tu MM, Wight A, Zein HS, Rahim MMA, Lee SH, Sekhon HS, Brown EG, Makrigiannis AP. Influenza Virus Targets Class I MHC-Educated NK Cells for Immunoevasion. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005446. [PMID: 26928844 PMCID: PMC4771720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to influenza virus infection comprises both innate and adaptive defenses. NK cells play an early role in the destruction of tumors and virally-infected cells. NK cells express a variety of inhibitory receptors, including those of the Ly49 family, which are functional homologs of human killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Like human KIR, Ly49 receptors inhibit NK cell-mediated lysis by binding to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules that are expressed on normal cells. During NK cell maturation, the interaction of NK cell inhibitory Ly49 receptors with their MHC-I ligands results in two types of NK cells: licensed (“functional”), or unlicensed (“hypofunctional”). Despite being completely dysfunctional with regard to rejecting MHC-I-deficient cells, unlicensed NK cells represent up to half of the mature NK cell pool in rodents and humans, suggesting an alternative role for these cells in host defense. Here, we demonstrate that after influenza infection, MHC-I expression on lung epithelial cells is upregulated, and mice bearing unlicensed NK cells (Ly49-deficient NKCKD and MHC-I-deficient B2m-/- mice) survive the infection better than WT mice. Importantly, transgenic expression of an inhibitory self-MHC-I-specific Ly49 receptor in NKCKD mice restores WT influenza susceptibility, confirming a direct role for Ly49. Conversely, F(ab’)2-mediated blockade of self-MHC-I-specific Ly49 inhibitory receptors protects WT mice from influenza virus infection. Mechanistically, perforin-deficient NKCKD mice succumb to influenza infection rapidly, indicating that direct cytotoxicity is necessary for unlicensed NK cell-mediated protection. Our findings demonstrate that Ly49:MHC-I interactions play a critical role in influenza virus pathogenesis. We suggest a similar role may be conserved in human KIR, and their blockade may be protective in humans. Influenza virus has developed a number of immune-evasion mechanisms to prolong its survival within the host. Development of functional NK cells is dependent on multiple factors such as the interaction between MHC-I and Ly49 receptors. NK cells that develop in the absence of these interactions are referred to as ‘unlicensed’ and represent up to half of the total number of NK cells. We show that significant MHC-I upregulation on lung epithelial cells following influenza virus infection most likely allows influenza virus to evade detection by licensed NK cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that unlicensed NK cells play a major role in protecting mice from influenza infection. Both Ly49- and MHC-I-deficient mice, which possess unlicensed NK cells, exhibit better survival than WT mice when infected with a lethal dose of influenza virus. Survival of Ly49-deficient mice is associated with reduced viral titers and lung pathology, compared to the infected WT mice. Moreover, disrupting the interaction between MHC-I and inhibitory Ly49 receptors protects WT mice from a lethal influenza virus infection. These results suggest that the so-called unlicensed NK cells, previously characterized as being hyporesponsive, actually possess potent antiviral activity, and are crucial for protection from influenza virus and possibly other viral infections.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Crosses, Genetic
- Immune Evasion
- Immunity, Innate
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/agonists
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/antagonists & inhibitors
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/genetics
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR/agonists
- Receptors, KIR/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Respiratory Mucosa/virology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Survival Analysis
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
- beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan M. Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Wight
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haggag S. Zein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Cairo University Research Park, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mir Munir A. Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harman S. Sekhon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Earl G. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chen P, Aguilar OA, Rahim MMA, Allan DSJ, Fine JH, Kirkham CL, Ma J, Tanaka M, Tu MM, Wight A, Kartsogiannis V, Gillespie MT, Makrigiannis AP, Carlyle JR. Genetic investigation of MHC-independent missing-self recognition by mouse NK cells using an in vivo bone marrow transplantation model. J Immunol 2015; 194:2909-18. [PMID: 25681346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC-I-specific receptors play a vital role in NK cell-mediated "missing-self" recognition, which contributes to NK cell activation. In contrast, MHC-independent NK recognition mechanisms are less well characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of NKR-P1B:Clr-b (Klrb1:Clec2d) interactions in determining the outcome of murine hematopoietic cell transplantation in vivo. Using a competitive transplant assay, we show that Clr-b(-/-) bone marrow (BM) cells were selectively rejected by wild-type B6 recipients, to a similar extent as H-2D(b-/-) MHC-I-deficient BM cells. Selective rejection of Clr-b(-/-) BM cells was mitigated by NK depletion of recipient mice. Competitive rejection of Clr-b(-/-) BM cells also occurred in allogeneic transplant recipients, where it was reversed by selective depletion of NKR-P1B(hi) NK cells, leaving the remaining NKR-P1B(lo) NK subset and MHC-I-dependent missing-self recognition intact. Moreover, competitive rejection of Clr-b(-/-) hematopoietic cells was abrogated in Nkrp1b-deficient recipients, which lack the receptor for Clr-b. Of interest, similar to MHC-I-deficient NK cells, Clr-b(-/-) NK cells were hyporesponsive to both NK1.1 (NKR-P1C)-stimulated and IL-12/18 cytokine-primed IFN-γ production. These findings support a unique and nonredundant role for NKR-P1B:Clr-b interactions in missing-self recognition of normal hematopoietic cells and suggest that optimal BM transplant success relies on MHC-independent tolerance mechanisms. These findings provide a model for human NKR-P1A:LLT1 (KLRB1:CLEC2D) interactions in human hematopoietic cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chen
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David S J Allan
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jason H Fine
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christina L Kirkham
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jaehun Ma
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrew Wight
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Vicky Kartsogiannis
- Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and
| | - Matthew T Gillespie
- Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada;
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Tu MM, Mahmoud AB, Wight A, Mottashed A, Bélanger S, Rahim MMA, Abou-Samra E, Makrigiannis AP. Ly49 family receptors are required for cancer immunosurveillance mediated by natural killer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3684-94. [PMID: 24802191 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the missing-self hypothesis, natural killer (NK) cells survey for target cells that lack MHC-I molecules. The Ly49 receptor family recognizes loss of MHC-I and is critical for educating NK cells, conferring the ability to eliminate transformed or infected cells. In this study, we evaluated their requirement in innate immune surveillance of cancer cells using genetically manipulated mice with attenuated expression of Ly49 receptors (NKC(KD)) in several models of carcinoma and metastasis. We found that NKC(KD) mice exhibited uncontrolled tumor growth and metastases. Expression of two MHC-I alleles, H-2K(b) and H-2D(b), was decreased in tumors from NKC(KD) mice in support of the likelihood of NK-mediated tumor immunoediting. These tumor cells exhibited directed alterations to their cell surface expression in response to the genetically altered immune environment to evade host recognition. Immunoediting in NKC(KD) mice was restricted to MHC-I molecules, which are ligands for Ly49 receptors, while expression of Rae-1 and Mult1, ligands for another NK cell receptor, NKG2D, were unaffected. Restoring NK cell education in NKC(KD) mice with a transgene for the inhibitory self-MHC-I receptor Ly49I restored suppression of cancer onset and growth. Interestingly, immune surveillance mediated by activating Ly49 receptors remained intact in NKC(KD) mice, as demonstrated by the ability to stimulate the NKG2D receptor with tumor cells or splenocytes expressing Rae-1. Together, our results genetically establish the integral role of Ly49 in NK cell-mediated control of carcinogenesis through MHC-I-dependent missing-self recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Tu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew Wight
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Amelia Mottashed
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Simon Bélanger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Elias Abou-Samra
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario;
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Rahim MMA, Tu MM, Mahmoud AB, Wight A, Abou-Samra E, Lima PDA, Makrigiannis AP. Ly49 receptors: innate and adaptive immune paradigms. Front Immunol 2014; 5:145. [PMID: 24765094 PMCID: PMC3980100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ly49 receptors are type II C-type lectin-like membrane glycoproteins encoded by a family of highly polymorphic and polygenic genes within the mouse natural killer (NK) gene complex. This gene family is designated Klra, and includes genes that encode both inhibitory and activating Ly49 receptors in mice. Ly49 receptors recognize class I major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) and MHC-I-like proteins on normal as well as altered cells. Their functional homologs in humans are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, which recognize HLA class I molecules as ligands. Classically, Ly49 receptors are described as being expressed on both the developing and mature NK cells. The inhibitory Ly49 receptors are involved in NK cell education, a process in which NK cells acquire function and tolerance toward cells that express “self-MHC-I.” On the other hand, the activating Ly49 receptors recognize altered cells expressing activating ligands. New evidence shows a broader Ly49 expression pattern on both innate and adaptive immune cells. Ly49 receptors have been described on multiple NK cell subsets, such as uterine NK and memory NK cells, as well as NKT cells, dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and cells of the adaptive immune system, such as activated T cells and regulatory CD8+ T cells. In this review, we discuss the expression pattern and proposed functions of Ly49 receptors on various immune cells and their contribution to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Megan M Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University , Madinah Munawwarah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew Wight
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Elias Abou-Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Patricia D A Lima
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, ON , Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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McFall E, Tu MM, Al-Khattabi N, Tai LH, St-Laurent AS, Tzankova V, Hall CW, Belanger S, Troke AD, Wight A, Mahmoud AB, Zein HS, Rahim MMA, Carlyle JR, Makrigiannis AP. Optimized tetramer analysis reveals Ly49 promiscuity for MHC ligands. J Immunol 2013; 191:5722-9. [PMID: 24154624 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Murine Ly49 receptors, which are expressed mainly on NK and NKT cells, interact with MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules with varying specificity. Differing reports of Ly49/MHC binding affinities may be affected by multiple factors, including cis versus trans competition and species origin of the MHC-I L chain (β2-microglobulin). To determine the contribution of each of these factors, Ly49G, Ly49I, Ly49O, Ly49V, and Ly49Q receptors from the 129 mouse strain were expressed individually on human 293T cells or the mouse cell lines MHC-I-deficient C1498, H-2(b)-expressing MC57G, and H-2(k)-expressing L929. The capacity to bind to H-2D(b)- and H-2K(b)-soluble MHC-I tetramers containing either human or murine β2-microglobulin L chains was tested for all five Ly49 receptors in all four cell lines. We found that most of these five inhibitory Ly49 receptors show binding for one or both self-MHC-I molecules in soluble tetramer binding assays when three conditions are fulfilled: 1) lack of competing cis interactions, 2) tetramer L chain is of mouse origin, and 3) Ly49 is expressed in mouse and not human cell lines. Furthermore, Ly49Q, the single known MHC-I receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, was shown to bind H-2D(b) in addition to H-2K(b) when the above conditions were met, suggesting that Ly49Q functions as a pan-MHC-Ia receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In this study, we have optimized the parameters for soluble tetramer binding analyses to enhance future Ly49 ligand identification and to better evaluate specific contributions by different Ly49/MHC-I pairs to NK cell education and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McFall
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Zhang Q, Rahim MMA, Allan DSJ, Tu MM, Belanger S, Abou-Samra E, Ma J, Sekhon HS, Fairhead T, Zein HS, Carlyle JR, Anderson SK, Makrigiannis AP. Mouse Nkrp1-Clr gene cluster sequence and expression analyses reveal conservation of tissue-specific MHC-independent immunosurveillance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50561. [PMID: 23226525 PMCID: PMC3514311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nkrp1 (Klrb1)-Clr (Clec2) genes encode a receptor-ligand system utilized by NK cells as an MHC-independent immunosurveillance strategy for innate immune responses. The related Ly49 family of MHC-I receptors displays extreme allelic polymorphism and haplotype plasticity. In contrast, previous BAC-mapping and aCGH studies in the mouse suggest the neighboring and related Nkrp1-Clr cluster is evolutionarily stable. To definitively compare the relative evolutionary rate of Nkrp1-Clr vs. Ly49 gene clusters, the Nkrp1-Clr gene clusters from two Ly49 haplotype-disparate inbred mouse strains, BALB/c and 129S6, were sequenced. Both Nkrp1-Clr gene cluster sequences are highly similar to the C57BL/6 reference sequence, displaying the same gene numbers and order, complete pseudogenes, and gene fragments. The Nkrp1-Clr clusters contain a strikingly dissimilar proportion of repetitive elements compared to the Ly49 clusters, suggesting that certain elements may be partly responsible for the highly disparate Ly49 vs. Nkrp1 evolutionary rate. Focused allelic polymorphisms were found within the Nkrp1b/d (Klrb1b), Nkrp1c (Klrb1c), and Clr-c (Clec2f) genes, suggestive of possible immune selection. Cell-type specific transcription of Nkrp1-Clr genes in a large panel of tissues/organs was determined. Clr-b (Clec2d) and Clr-g (Clec2i) showed wide expression, while other Clr genes showed more tissue-specific expression patterns. In situ hybridization revealed specific expression of various members of the Clr family in leukocytes/hematopoietic cells of immune organs, various tissue-restricted epithelial cells (including intestinal, kidney tubular, lung, and corneal progenitor epithelial cells), as well as myocytes. In summary, the Nkrp1-Clr gene cluster appears to evolve more slowly relative to the related Ly49 cluster, and likely regulates innate immunosurveillance in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A. Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S. J. Allan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan M. Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elias Abou-Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaehun Ma
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harman S. Sekhon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Fairhead
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haggag S. Zein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - James R. Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (APM); (JRC); (SKA)
| | - Stephen K. Anderson
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (APM); (JRC); (SKA)
| | - Andrew P. Makrigiannis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (APM); (JRC); (SKA)
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Yee HY, Tu MM. The xylose tolerance test and renal function in the tropics. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1974; 5:593-8. [PMID: 4281936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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