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Oh S, Sang E, Stawnychy MA, Garren P, You SB, O'Connor M, Hirschman KB, Hodgson N, Cranston T, Jablonski J, O'Brien K, Newcomb M, Spahr M, Bowles KH. Application of a Human Factors and Systems Engineering Approach to Explore Care Transitions of Sepsis Survivors From Hospital to Home Health Care. Hum Factors 2024:187208231222399. [PMID: 38171592 DOI: 10.1177/00187208231222399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
STUDY AIM This study aims to describe the transition-in-care work process for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to home health care (HHC) and identify facilitators and barriers to enable practice change and safe care transitions using a human factors and systems engineering approach. BACKGROUND Despite high readmission risk for sepsis survivors, the transition-in-care work process from hospitals to HHC has not been described. METHODS We analyzed semi-structured needs assessment interviews with 24 stakeholders involved in transitioning sepsis survivors from two hospitals and one affiliated HHC agency participating in the parent implementation science study, I-TRANSFER. The qualitative data analysis was guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to describe the work process and identify work system elements. RESULTS We identified 31 tasks characterized as decision making, patient education, communication, information, documentation, and scheduling tasks. Technological and organizational facilitators lacked in HHC compared to the hospitals. Person and organization elements in HHC had the most barriers but few facilitators. Additionally, we identified specific task barriers that could hinder sepsis information transfer from hospitals to HHC. CONCLUSION This study explored the complex transition-in-care work processes for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to HHC. We identified barriers, facilitators, and critical areas for improvement to enable implementation and ensure safe care transitions. A key finding was the sepsis information transfer deficit, highlighting a critical issue for future study. APPLICATION We recommend using the SEIPS framework to explore complex healthcare work processes before the implementation of evidence-based interventions.
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Schrock JM, Ryan DT, Saber R, Benbow N, Vaught LA, Reiser N, Velez MP, Hsieh R, Newcomb M, Demonbreun AR, Mustanski B, McNally EM, D’Aquila R, McDade TW. Cohabitation With a Known Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Is Associated With Greater Antibody Concentration and Symptom Severity in a Community-Based Sample of Seropositive Adults. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab244. [PMID: 34316503 PMCID: PMC8302857 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a community-based sample of seropositive adults (n = 1101), we found that seropositive individuals who lived with a known coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case exhibited higher blood anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G concentrations and greater symptom severity compared to seropositive individuals who did not live with a known COVID-19 case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Schrock
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel T Ryan
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rana Saber
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nanette Benbow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren A Vaught
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nina Reiser
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew P Velez
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Hsieh
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard D’Aquila
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Schrock JM, Ryan DT, Saber R, Benbow N, Vaught LA, Reiser N, Velez MP, Hsieh R, Newcomb M, Demonbreun AR, Mustanski B, McNally EM, D’Aquila R, McDade TW. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the household is associated with greater symptom severity and stronger antibody responses in a community-based sample of seropositive adults. medRxiv 2021:2021.03.11.21253421. [PMID: 33758903 PMCID: PMC7987062 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.11.21253421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 virus exposure may contribute to symptom severity. In a sample of seropositive adults (n=1101), we found that individuals who lived with a known COVID-19 case exhibited greater symptom severity and IgG concentrations compared to individuals who were seropositive but did not live with a known case (P<0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Schrock
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - Daniel T. Ryan
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Rana Saber
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Nanette Benbow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Lauren A. Vaught
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Nina Reiser
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Matthew P. Velez
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Ryan Hsieh
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Michael Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University
| | - Richard D’Aquila
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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Li DH, Newcomb M, Macapagal K, Remble T, Mustanski B. Condom-Associated Erectile Function, But Not Other Domains of Sexual Functioning, Predicts Condomless Insertive Anal Sex Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. Arch Sex Behav 2020; 49:161-174. [PMID: 31980999 PMCID: PMC7018619 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Condoms effectively prevent against HIV, especially when used in conjunction with biomedical strategies such as PrEP and viral suppression. However, consistent use of condoms in the real world has been a continual health promotion challenge, even among populations at highest risk, such as young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Inconsistent condom use may be related to poor sexual functioning, but limited research exists. The analytic sample comprised 688 racially diverse YMSM aged 16-29 (M = 22.9 years) living in Chicago, IL (19.2% living with HIV). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined longitudinal associations between condom-associated sexual functioning (erectile function, orgasm satisfaction, global satisfaction, and anal discomfort) and condomless insertive anal sex (CIAS) and condomless receptive anal sex (CRAS) 6 months later. CIAS at Time 2 was associated with condom-associated erectile function at the bivariate and multivariable levels, even after controlling for CIAS at Time 1 (p < .05). Condom-associated erectile function, orgasm satisfaction, and global satisfaction predicted Time 2 CRAS in bivariate models, but none remained significant in the multivariable models. Age, having had a serious partner in the past 6 months, and HIV/PrEP status at Time 2 were significant predictors of CIAS/CRAS in some but not all models. Future interventions to improve consistent condom use should specifically highlight information and skills on how to use condoms within real-world contexts rather than from a clinical perspective. Our results also support the importance of biomedical strategies for those who have continued problems with sexual functioning when using condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Li
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Michael Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Macapagal
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Remble
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Beloshapka AN, de Godoy MRC, Detweiler KB, Newcomb M, Ellegård KH, Fahey GC, Swanson KS. Apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations of healthy adult dogs fed bioprocessed soy protein. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3826-3834. [PMID: 27898907 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal proteins are commonly used in extruded dog foods. Plant-based proteins have a more consistent nutrient profile than animal sources but may contain antinutritional factors, including trypsin inhibitors and oligosaccharides. Bioprocessed soy protein (SP; HP-300; Hamlet Protein, Inc., Findlay, OH) is a processed soy-based product with low antinutritional factor concentrations and high protein quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of SP on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end products. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify if SP can be a replacement for poultry byproduct meal (PBPM) in dog food and determine if there are practical limits to its use. Three palatability experiments were conducted to evaluate 1) 0 vs. 12% SP, 2) 0 vs. 48% SP, and 3) 12 vs. 48% SP. For digestibility, 48 healthy adult Beagle dogs (20 females and 28 males; 3.4 yr mean age and 10.0 kg mean BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48% SP, in a completely randomized design. All diets were formulated to meet Association of American Feed Control Officials nutrient profiles and contained approximately 30% CP and 16% fat. The treatment period consisted of a 10-d diet adaptation phase followed by a 4-d fresh and total fecal collection phase. The palatability results suggest that of the 3 inclusion levels tested (0, 12, or 48% SP), the best inclusion of SP is 12%, which was preferred over 0 and 48% SP. Digestibility and fecal data were evaluated for linear and quadratic effects using SAS. Stool output (on both an as-is and a DM basis) did not differ from the control except for the 48% SP treatment ( < 0.01). Fecal output per unit food intake differed ( < 0.01) from the control only at the 24 and 48% SP inclusion rates. No significant effects of feeding SP were found on stool consistency scores. Digestibility of DM, OM, and energy did not differ from the control at any inclusion rate, except for a decrease ( < 0.01) at 48% SP. Apparent total tract CP digestibility was not affected by treatment and ranged from 82.9 to 86.2%. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were greater ( < 0.01) in dogs fed 24 and 48% SP compared with the control. Conversely, branched-chain fatty acid concentrations were lower ( < 0.01) in dogs fed 8 to 48% SP compared with the control. These data suggest that SP is a suitable replacement for PBPM in dog diets up to a 24% inclusion level.
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Babiker EM, Gordon TC, Bonman JM, Chao S, Rouse MN, Jin Y, Newcomb M, Wanyera R, Bhavani S. Genetic Loci Conditioning Adult Plant Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group and Seedling Resistance to Races TRTTF and TTTTF of the Stem Rust Pathogen in Wheat Landrace CItr 15026. Plant Dis 2017; 101:496-501. [PMID: 30677344 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-16-1447-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wheat landrace CItr 15026 previously showed adult plant resistance (APR) to the Ug99 stem rust race group in Kenya and seedling resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici races QFCSC, TTTTF, and TRTTF. CItr 15026 was crossed to susceptible accessions LMPG-6 and Red Bobs, and 180 double haploid (DH) lines and 140 recombinant inbred lines (RIL), respectively, were developed. The 90K wheat iSelect single-nucleotide polymorphism platform was used to genotype the parents and populations. Parents and 180 DH lines were evaluated in the field in Kenya for three seasons. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for APR was consistently detected on chromosome arm 6AS. This QTL was further detected in the RIL population screened in Kenya for one season. Parents, F1, and the two populations were tested as seedlings against races TRTTF and TTTTF. In addition, the DH population was tested against race QFCSC. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that the TRTTF resistance in CItr 15026 was controlled by two complementary genes whereas the TTTTF and QFCSC resistance was conditioned by one dominant gene. The TRTTF resistance loci mapped to chromosome arms 6AS and 6DS, whereas the TTTTF and QFCSC resistance locus mapped to the same region on 6DS as the TRTTF resistance. The APR identified in CItr 15026 should be useful in developing cultivars with durable stem rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Babiker
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - T C Gordon
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - J M Bonman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - S Chao
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - M N Rouse
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Y Jin
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - M Newcomb
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Maricopa
| | - R Wanyera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro 20107, Kenya
| | - S Bhavani
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abstract
Internal and external factors are examined as mediational processes and/or coping strategies that link four aspects of women's rape experiences to the initial and lasting effects on their post-rape adjustment, attitude toward sex and intimacy, and lifestyle changes to prevent future assaults. Data are from a multiethnic community sample of 55 women who had been victims of rape or attempted rape. A measured or observed variable simultaneous path analysis model was used to test the relationships among the traumatic circumstances, mediators, and outcome variables. More self-blame, high involvement of police or other agencies, a greater number of repeated rapes per incident, and severity of abuse predicted women's negative initial and lasting attitudes toward sex and intimacy. The implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to barriers in disclosing attempted and completed incidents of rape.
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Babiker EM, Gordon TC, Chao S, Rouse MN, Wanyera R, Newcomb M, Brown-Guedira G, Pretorius ZA, Bonman JM. Genetic mapping of resistance to the Ug99 race group of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in a spring wheat landrace CItr 4311. Theor Appl Genet 2016; 129:2161-2170. [PMID: 27544524 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A gene for Ug99 resistance from wheat landrace CItr 4311 was detected on the long arm of chromosome 2B. Wheat landrace CItr 4311 has seedling resistance to stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK and field resistance to the Ug99 race group. Parents, F1 seedlings, 121 doubled haploid (DH) lines, and 124 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between CItr 4311 and the susceptible line LMPG-6 were evaluated for seedling resistance to race TTKSK. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that a single dominant gene in CItr 4311 conditioned the TTKSK resistance. The 90 K wheat iSelect SNP platform was used to genotype parents and the DH population. The seedling resistance locus was mapped to the chromosome arm 2BL. Parents and the DH population were evaluated for field resistance in Kenya. One major QTL for the field resistance was consistently detected in the same region on 2BL as the seedling resistance. Using KASP assays, five linked SNP markers were used to verify the result in the 124 RIL, 35 wheat accessions, 46 DH lines from the LMPG-6/PI 165194 cross and F1 seedlings, and susceptible bulks derived from crosses between six resistant landraces with LMPG-6. Race specificity, mapping results, and haplotype similarity with lines with Sr9h (Gabo 56, Timstein, and PI 670015), support the hypothesis that the Sr gene in CItr 4311 and the landraces is Sr9h. The KASP assays developed in this study will be useful for pyramiding the TTKSK resistance from CItr 4311 with other Sr genes effective against Ug99.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Babiker
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA.
| | - T C Gordon
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
| | - S Chao
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - M N Rouse
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1551 Lindig Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - R Wanyera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, 20107, Kenya
| | - M Newcomb
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - G Brown-Guedira
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Z A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - J M Bonman
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA.
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Babiker EM, Gordon TC, Chao S, Newcomb M, Rouse MN, Jin Y, Wanyera R, Acevedo M, Brown-Guedira G, Williamson S, Bonman JM. Mapping resistance to the Ug99 race group of the stem rust pathogen in a spring wheat landrace. Theor Appl Genet 2015; 128:605-12. [PMID: 25599859 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new gene for Ug99 resistance from wheat landrace PI 374670 was detected on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Wheat landrace PI 374670 has seedling and field resistance to stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici Eriks. & E. Henn (Pgt) race TTKSK. To elucidate the inheritance of resistance, 216 BC1F2 families, 192 double haploid (DH) lines, and 185 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed by crossing PI 374670 and the susceptible line LMPG-6. The parents and progeny were evaluated for seedling resistance to Pgt races TTKSK, MCCFC, and TPMKC. The DH lines were tested in field stem rust nurseries in Kenya and Ethiopia. The DH lines were genotyped with the 90K wheat iSelect SNP genotyping platform. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that a single dominant gene in PI 374670 conditioned seedling resistance to the three Pgt races. The seedling resistance locus mapped to the long arm of chromosome 7A and this result was verified in the RIL population screened with the flanking SNP markers using KASP assays. In the same region, a major QTL for field resistance was detected in a 7.7 cM interval and explained 34-54 and 29-36% of the variation in Kenya and Ethiopia, respectively. Results from tests with specific Pgt races and the csIH81 marker showed that the resistance was not due to Sr22. Thus, a new stem rust resistance gene or allele, either closely linked or allelic to Sr15, is responsible for the seedling and field resistance of PI 374670 to Ug99.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Babiker
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA,
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Newcomb M, Acevedo M, Bockelman HE, Brown-Guedira G, Goates BJ, Jackson EW, Jin Y, Njau P, Rouse MN, Singh D, Wanyera R, Bonman JM. Field Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group of the Stem Rust Pathogen in Spring Wheat Landraces. Plant Dis 2013; 97:882-890. [PMID: 30722524 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-12-0200-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wheat landraces provide a source of genetic variability for breeding. The emergence and spread of highly virulent races of the stem rust pathogen (Ug99 race group of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) threaten wheat production globally. Spring wheat landraces were screened for resistance in eight field seasons at the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Njoro, where the Ug99 race group has become endemic. Accessions showing resistance in one season were retested and screened with molecular markers associated with resistance genes Sr2, Sr24, Sr36, and Lr34/Yr18; two height-reducing genes; and a photoperiod insensitivity allele. Of 2,509 accessions tested, 278 were categorized as resistant based on results from at least two seasons. Of these resistant accessions, 32 were positive for one or more markers for Sr2, Sr36, Rht-B1b, or Rht-D1b, indicating that they do not fit the definition of "landrace" because these genes were likely introduced via modern breeding practices. Thus, 246 resistant "landrace" accessions were identified. Of countries with more than five tested accessions, Afghanistan, Iran, Portugal, Ethiopia, Uzbekistan, Greece, Tajikistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia had at least 10% of tested accessions that were resistant to the Ug99 race group. Future research will characterize the resistance to determine its novelty and incorporate novel genes into improved lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Newcomb
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID, 83210
| | - M Acevedo
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108
| | - H E Bockelman
- USDA-ARS, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit
| | - G Brown-Guedira
- USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Genotyping Laboratory, Raleigh, NC, 27695
| | - B J Goates
- USDA-ARS, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit
| | - E W Jackson
- USDA-ARS, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit
| | - Y Jin
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108
| | - P Njau
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Njoro, Kenya
| | | | - D Singh
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Wanyera
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
| | - J M Bonman
- USDA-ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit
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Newcomb M, Millen J, Chen CY, Wu JHD. Co-transcription of the celC gene cluster in Clostridium thermocellum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:625-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mustanski B, Newcomb M, Garofalo R. Mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: A developmental resiliency perspective. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv 2011; 23:204-225. [PMID: 21731405 PMCID: PMC3126101 DOI: 10.1080/10538720.2011.561474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth are at increased risk for both victimization and internalizing mental health problems, but limited research has studied their association or factors that increase resilience. The sample included 425 LGBs between the ages of 16 and 24 year. The majority had disclosed their sexual orientation to family or friends (98%) and 97% had someone in their lives who was accepting. Racial/ethnic minority and female participants in general reported lower levels of disclosure and acceptance. Most participants reported some form of sexual orientation-related victimization (94%). Victimization was associated with psychological distress, but a compensatory model indicated that in the context of this victimization both peer and family support had significant promotive effects. A test of a protective model found social support did not ameliorate negative effects of victimization. The positive effects of family support decreased with age. Peer and family support were particularly important, but they did not significantly dampen the negative effects of victimization. Our findings suggest that mental health professionals working with LGB youth should address social support and that public health approaches are needed to reduce levels of victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mustanski
- University of Illinois, Department of Psychiatry, Office #252, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd., Chicago, IL 60608
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13
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Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic, cellulolytic, and ethanogenic bacterium. It produces an extracellular multiprotein complex termed the cellulosome, which consists of >70 subunits, most of them glycosyl hydrolases. It also produces many free glycosyl hydrolases. How the organism commands such a large number of genes and proteins for biomass degradation is an intriguing yet unresolved question. We identified glyR3, which is cotranscribed with the cellulase/hemicellulase genes celC and licA, as a potential cellulase transcription regulator. The gel-shift assay (EMSA) revealed that the recombinant GlyR3 bound specifically to the celC promoter region. GlyR3 was also identified from the lysate of the lichenan-grown cells, which bound to the same sequence. DNase I footprinting and competitive EMSA showed the binding site to be an 18-bp palindromic sequence with one mismatch. The DNA-binding activity was specifically inhibited by laminaribiose, a beta-1-3 linked glucose dimer, in a dose-dependent manner. In in vitro transcription analysis, celC expression was repressed by rGlyR3 in a dose-dependent manner. The repression was relieved by laminaribiose, also in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that GlyR3 is a negative regulator of the celC operon consisting of celC, glyR3, and licA, and inducible by laminaribiose. Thus, the bacterium may modulate the biosynthesis of its enzyme components to optimize its activity on an available biomass substrate, in this case, beta-1-3 glucan, because both CelC and LicA are active on the substrate. The results further indicate that, despite the insolubility of the biomass substrate, regulation of the degradative enzymes can be accomplished through soluble sugars generated by the action of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Newcomb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0166
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0166
| | - J. H. David Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0166
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Gavett Hall, Room 206, Rochester, NY 14627-0166. E-mail:
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] N-Aryl-5,5-diphenyl-4-pentenamidyl radicals (3) were produced by 266 nm laser-flash photolysis of the corresponding N-(phenylthio) derivatives, and the rate constants for the cyclizations of these radicals were measured directly. The 5-exo cyclization reactions were fast (k(c) > 2 x 10(5) s(-1)), and radicals 3 generally behaved as electrophilic reactants with a Hammett correlation of rho = 1.9 for five of the six radicals studied. However, the p-methoxyphenyl-substituted radical 3f cyclized much faster than expected from the Hammett analysis. Variable temperature studies of parent radical 3a (aryl = phenyl) gave an Arrhenius function with log k = 9.2 - 4.4/2.3RT (kcal/mol). The rate constant for the reaction of p-ethylphenyl-substituted anilidyl radical 3b with Bu(3)SnH at 65 degrees C was k(T) = 4 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Abstract
Biomass conversion to ethanol as a liquid fuel by the thermophilic and anaerobic clostridia offers a potential partial solution to the problem of the world's dependence on petroleum for energy. Coculture of a cellulolytic strain and a saccharolytic strain of Clostridium on agricultural resources, as well as on urban and industrial cellulosic wastes, is a promising approach to an alternate energy source from an economic viewpoint. This review discusses the need for such a process, the cellulases of clostridia, their presence in extracellular complexes or organelles (the cellulosomes), the binding of the cellulosomes to cellulose and to the cell surface, cellulase genetics, regulation of their synthesis, cocultures, ethanol tolerance, and metabolic pathway engineering for maximizing ethanol yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold L Demain
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti, HS-330, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
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Locke TF, Newcomb M. Child maltreatment, parent alcohol and drug-related problems, polydrug problems, and parenting practices: a test of gender differences and four theoretical perspectives. J Fam Psychol 2004; 18:120-134. [PMID: 14992615 DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The authors tested how adverse childhood experiences (child maltreatment and parent alcohol- and drug-related problems) and adult polydrug use (as a mediator) predict poor parenting in a community sample (237 mothers and 81 fathers). These relationships were framed within several theoretical perspectives, including observational learning, impaired functioning, self-medication, and parentification-pseudomaturity. Structural models revealed that child maltreatment predicted poor parenting practices among mothers. Parent alcohol- and drug-related problems had an indirect detrimental influence on mothers' parenting and practices through self-drug problems. Among fathers, emotional neglect experienced as a child predicted lack of parental warmth more parental neglect, and sexual abuse experienced as a child predicted a rejecting style of parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Locke
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095-1563, USA.
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Wayment HA, Wyatt GE, Tucker MB, Romero GJ, Carmona JV, Newcomb M, Solis BM, Riederle M, Mitchell-Kernan C. Predictors of Risky and Precautionary Sexual Behaviors Among Single and Married White Women1. J Appl Social Pyschol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Bernardo GL, Newcomb M, Toth A, Richey G, Mendoza R. Comorbid psychiatric and alcohol abuse/dependence disorders: psychosocial stress, abuse, and personal history factors of those in treatment. J Addict Dis 2003; 21:43-59. [PMID: 12094999 DOI: 10.1300/j069v21n03_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Factors related to comorbid versus only substance disorders are essential to understanding and treating these complex problems. Medical records of sixty-nine inpatients at a private rehabilitation hospital in Southern California were reviewed to determine the associations between personal history factors and (1) comorbid psychiatric and substance abuse disorders and (2) participant's self-assessed progress in treatment. Results revealed significant differences between dual diagnosis patients (alcohol abuse/dependence and an affective disorder) and alcohol abuse/dependence only in regard to gender, previous diagnosis, length of illness, suicide attempts, psychotropic medication history, maternal emotional, physical and sexual abuse, paternal abuse, legal difficulties, and psychosocial stressors. No significant differences between substance abusing patients and dually diagnosed patients were found in terms of self-assessment of progress in treatment. Significant correlations were found between self-assessed progress in treatment and major depression (versus bipolar disorder), use of psychotropic medication, and less abuse from mother or primary caretaker. Identification of these personal history factors may be useful in developing and implementing treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Horner
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Bales BC, Horner JH, Huang X, Newcomb M, Crich D, Greenberg MM. Product studies and laser flash photolysis on alkyl radicals containing two different beta-leaving groups are consonant with the formation of an olefin cation radical. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3623-9. [PMID: 11457093 DOI: 10.1021/ja0042938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Bromo-2-methoxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl (3) and 2-methoxy-1-phenyl-1-diphenylphosphatopropan-2-yl (4) were generated under continual photolysis from the respective PTOC precursors in a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol. The radicals undergo heterolytic fragmentation of the substituent in the beta-position to generate the olefin cation radical (5). Z-2-Methoxy-1-phenylpropene (15) is the major product formed in the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and is believed to result from hydrogen atom transfer to the oxygen of the olefin cation radical, followed by deprotonation. Laser flash photolysis experiments indicate that reaction between 5 and 1,4-cyclohexadiene occurs with a rate constant of approximately 6 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1). 2,2-Dimethoxy-1-phenylpropane (18) is observed as a minor product. Laser flash photolysis experiments place an upper limit on methanol trapping of 5 at k <1 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) and do not provide any evidence for the formation of reactive intermediates other than 5. The use of two PTOC precursors containing different leaving groups to generate a common olefin cation radical enables one to utilize product analysis to probe for the intermediacy of other reactive intermediates. The ratio of 15:18 is dependent upon hydrogen atom donor concentration, but is independent of the PTOC precursor. These observations are consistent with the proposal that both products result from trapping of 5 that is formed via heterolysis of 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bales
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Latimer WW, Newcomb M, Winters KC, Stinchfield RD. Adolescent substance abuse treatment outcome: the role of substance abuse problem severity, psychosocial, and treatment factors. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68:684-96. [PMID: 10965643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A structural equation model incorporating substance abuse problem severity, psychosocial risk and protection, and treatment variables examined adolescent drug abuse treatment outcome pathways across 6- and 12-month follow-up points. Findings on resiliency factors and an empirical method adapted from previous research were used to select and assign 10 psychosocial factors to either a multiple protective factor index or a risk factor index. Gender, substance abuse problem severity, treatment modality, treatment length, and aftercare participation were also examined as outcome predictors. The findings suggest that treatment intensity decisions may be better informed by pretreatment psychosocial risk level rather than by substance abuse problem severity. The present study also suggests that drug-abusing adolescents who receive sufficiently long treatment, participate in aftercare, and possess at least 1 individual or interpersonal protective factor during their recovery process have the best chance to maintain gains made during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Latimer
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
The title probes are precursors to kinetically calibrated, aryl-substituted cyclopropylcarbinyl radicals that rearrange with picosecond lifetimes. Applications in studies of cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions are reviewed. Initially confusing results regarding lifetimes of radicals in the hydroxylation reactions were resolved when second-generation probes that distinguish between radicals and cations were employed. The results indicate that two electrophilic oxidizing species are involved in P450-catalyzed hydroxylations, an iron-oxo species that inserts oxygen and a hydroperoxo-iron species that inserts OH(+). The cationic rearrangement products are ascribed to reactions of the protonated alcohol products formed from the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Newcomb
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Abstract
This article describes a continuous quality improvement team's efforts to reduce the number of patients at risk for developing a postoperative ileus. This study was limited to patients who underwent a surgical procedure that did not involve the bowel. Patients who developed an ileus after the surgical procedure (study group) were compared with patients who did not develop an ileus after the same procedure (control group). Principal factors associated with a postoperative ileus included a low serum albumin level, excessive use of narcotics, and a history of a previous gastrointestinal condition. Practice changes were made as a result of these findings. A follow-up chart review revealed a decrease in the postoperative ileus rate.
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Whitted PO, Horner JH, Newcomb M, Huang X, Crich D. Heterolytic cleavage of a beta-phosphatoxyalkyl radical resulting in phosphate migration or radical cation formation as a function of solvent polarity. Org Lett 1999; 1:153-6. [PMID: 10822551 DOI: 10.1021/ol990054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] The 2-(diethylphosphatoxy)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl radical (1) reacted to give the benzylic radical product from phosphate migration or a radical cation (or a mixture of the two) as a function of solvent. Smooth acceleration in rates of reactions of 1 in solvents of increasing polarity and consistent entropies of activation indicate that radical 1 reacts by common mechanism irrespective of the final products formed, specifically by initial heterolysis to a radical cation-phosphate anion pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Whitted
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Valentine AM, LeTadic-Biadatti MH, Toy PH, Newcomb M, Lippard SJ. Oxidation of ultrafast radical clock substrate probes by the soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). J Biol Chem 1999; 274:10771-6. [PMID: 10196150 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical clock substrate probes were used to assess the viability of a discrete substrate radical species in the mechanism of hydrocarbon oxidation by the soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). New substituted cyclopropane probes were used with very fast ring-opening rate constants and other desirable attributes, such as the ability to discriminate between radical and cationic intermediates. Oxidation of these substrates by a reconstituted sMMO system resulted in no rearranged products, allowing an upper limit of 150 fs to be placed on the lifetime of a putative radical species. This limit strongly suggests that there is no such substrate radical intermediate. The two enantiomers of trans-1-methyl-2-phenyl-cyclopropane were prepared, and the regioselectivity of their oxidation to the corresponding cyclopropylmethanol and cyclopropylphenol products was determined. The results are consistent with selective orientation of the two enantiomeric substrates in the hydrophobic cavity at the active site of sMMO, specific models for which were examined by molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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29
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Abstract
The oxidation of hypersensitive radical probes by chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago (CPO) was studied in an attempt to "time" a putative radical intermediate. Oxidation of (trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)methane, previously studied by Zaks and Dodds [Zaks, A., and Dodds, D. R. (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 10419-10424] was reinvestigated. Unrearranged oxidation products were found as previously reported, and control experiments demonstrated that the cyclic alcohol from oxidation at the cyclopropylcarbinyl position, while subject to further oxidation, survives CPO oxidation as detectable species. However, in contrast to the report by Zaks and Dodds, the rearranged alcohol product expected from ring opening of a cyclopropylcarbinyl radical intermediate was shown to be unstable toward the enzyme oxidation reaction. Because of this instability, two new hypersensitive radical probes, (trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)ethane and 2-(trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)propane, and their potential cyclic and acyclic products from oxidation at the cyclopropylcarbinyl position were synthesized and tested. Oxidation of both of these probes at the cyclopropylcarbinyl position by CPO gave unrearranged alcohol products only, but control experiments again demonstrated that the rearranged alcohol products were unstable toward CPO oxidation conditions. From the combination of the probe and control studies, the lifetime of a putative radical intermediate must be less than 3 ps. Whereas the results are consistent with an insertion mechanism for production of alcohol product, they do not exclude a very short-lived intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Toy
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Shapiro S, Newcomb M, Loeb TB. Fear of fat, disregulated-restrained eating, and body-esteem: prevalence and gender differences among eight- to ten-year-old children. J Clin Child Psychol 1997; 26:358-65. [PMID: 9418174 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2604_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Examined whether: (a) societal directives to be thin are perceived among children, (b) discontent with body and attitudes and behaviors associated with eating disorders begin before adolescence, and (c) these differ by sex. These issues were assessed in 239 Grade 3 students. Scales of eating and weight attitudes and behaviors for this under-studied population were either created or modified from existing instruments. These 8- to 10-year-old children expressed weight, dieting, and physique concerns that reflect Western sociocultural values and preoccupation with body weight and dieting. Sex differences were examined and revealed several but not very reliable distinctions at this young age. These findings appear to be consistent with research on adolescents. The components that may lead to the development of an eating disorder or disregulated-restrained eating in a vulnerable adolescent may be both internalized and expressed at a very early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shapiro
- Division of Counseling Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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31
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Atkinson JK, Hollenberg PF, Ingold KU, Johnson CC, Le Tadic MH, Newcomb M, Putt DA. Cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of hydrocarbons: kinetic deuterium isotope effects for the hydroxylation of an ultrafast radical clock. Biochemistry 1994; 33:10630-7. [PMID: 8075063 DOI: 10.1021/bi00201a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast radical clock probe trans-1-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane (1CH3) and its mono-, di-, and trideuteriomethyl analogues were oxidized by phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomal enzymes. This cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of 1CH3 gave three products: the alcohol trans-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methanol (2), the rearranged alcohol 1-phenylbut-3-en-1-ol (3), and the phenol trans-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclopropane (4). The identification of both the unrearranged and rearranged products of oxidation, 2 and 3, is consistent with the formation of a radical intermediate via a hydrogen atom abstraction from the methyl group by the catalytically active iron-oxo center. Hydroxylation of three deuteriomethyl forms of 1CH3 produced the analogous deuterated products, although in different amounts of each. Perdeuteration of the methyl group (1CD3) disfavored oxidation at the methyl group and caused an increase in the oxidation of the phenyl ring (metabolic switching). By comparing the amounts of alcohols and phenol formed from the individual, noncompetitive oxidation of 1CH3 and 1CD3 the overall (i.e., combined primary and secondary) deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE) was found to be 12.5. Intramolecular DKIEs for 1CHD2 and 1CH2D were 2.9 and 13.2, respectively. From these results, the primary and secondary DKIEs were calculated to be 7.87 and 1.26, respectively, values that indicate that there is extensive C--H bond stretching in the transition state for the rate-controlling step in P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of 1CH3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Atkinson
- National Research Council of Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario
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Newcomb M. Hypersensitive radical probes. J Inorg Biochem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(93)85254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
A community sample of 111 women's retrospective reports of childhood sexual abuse was examined in an effort to understand the circumstances and coping strategies that mediated the immediate and lasting effects of those stressful experiences. Aspects of single or multiple abuse incidents were captured in 11 variables, each reflecting 1 of 3 domains: circumstances of abuse, mediators, and outcomes (the negative effects of abuse). Observed variable simultaneous path analysis models revealed several direct and mediated influences on the outcomes. Long-term negative outcomes of abuse were directly affected by a close relationship to the perpetrator and severity of abuse from the circumstance of abuse domain, and immediate negative responses, self-blame, and nondisclosure regarding the incident from the mediational domain. The importance of examining factors that mediate the negative effects of child sexual abuse is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Wyatt
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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34
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Abstract
A community sample of 111 women's retrospective reports of childhood sexual abuse was examined in an effort to understand the circumstances and coping strategies that mediated the immediate and lasting effects of those stressful experiences. Aspects of single or multiple abuse incidents were captured in 11 variables, each reflecting 1 of 3 domains: circumstances of abuse, mediators, and outcomes (the negative effects of abuse). Observed variable simultaneous path analysis models revealed several direct and mediated influences on the outcomes. Long-term negative outcomes of abuse were directly affected by a close relationship to the perpetrator and severity of abuse from the circumstance of abuse domain, and immediate negative responses, self-blame, and nondisclosure regarding the incident from the mediational domain. The importance of examining factors that mediate the negative effects of child sexual abuse is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Wyatt
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Khansur T, Patel V, Newcomb M, Balducci L. Hepatic intra-arterial adriamycin in metastatic leiomyosarcoma: exploiting the steep dose-response curve. J Surg Oncol 1987; 36:76-9. [PMID: 3626566 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930360118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of extensive leiomyosarcoma of the liver that failed on systemic Adriamycin. Hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy with Adriamycin has resulted in a lasting clinical remission. This report illustrates the importance of the dose-response curve of drug to tumor in regional chemotherapy as with Adriamycin used in sarcoma, and the need to further explore such therapy in moderately chemosensitive tumors that are surgically unresectable for anatomic reasons.
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Newcomb M, Gibson K, Periat M, Harris P. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in the rat myocardial cytosol. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1980; 27:409-12. [PMID: 6245438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The optimal assay conditions for rat myocardial cytosol protein kinases have been determined. The assay medium contained in 0.25 ml: 40 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl2, 600 micrograms histone f1, 10--30 micrograms enzyme protein, 32 microM [gamma-32P]-ATP, with or without additions of 1 microM cAMP. The incubation time at 37 degrees C was 5 minutes. The protein kinase activity in the absence of cAMP decreased with development, while the activity in the presence of cAMP remained unchanged. The protein kinase activity of the left ventricle was higher than that in the right ventricle.
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Newcomb M, Gibson K, Harris P. Effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine induced cardiac hypertrophy on cytosolic protein kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 81:596-601. [PMID: 208530 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Caspari PG, Newcomb M, Gibson K, Harris P. Myocardial collagen, the effects of right ventricular hypertrophy and its involution induced by changes in atmospheric pressure. Cardiovasc Res 1978; 12:173-8. [PMID: 148322 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/12.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular hypertrophy induced by hypobaric conditions was accompanied by an increased collagen mass. Left ventricular collagen was unaffected. Right ventricular mass remained unchanged after involution of right ventricular hypertrophy on return to normobaric conditions. Dietary restriction limited the size and collagen mass of both ventricles.
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Abstract
Estimates of the collagen concentration in human ventricles have been made from measurements of the hydroxyproline concentration. In the normal heart the concentration of collagen was higher in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle. Age had no effect on the ventricular concentration of collagen. Hypertrophy in the absence of a valvar lesion was not associated with an increased concentration of collagen but, owing to the increased size of the ventricle, there was an increase in the estimated total mass of ventricular collagen. The concentration of collagen in the left ventricle of patients with aortic stenosis was higher than normal. Ventricular hypertrophy seems to be accompanied by an increase in the total mass of collagen whatever the cause. Whether the concentration changes or not depends on the proportion in which the mass of collagen increases relative to the mass of muscle cells.
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Gibson K, Newcomb M. Characterisation of myocardial protein kinases into cAMP dependent and cAMP independent enzymes using a heat stable inhibitor protein. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1976; 08:733-9. [PMID: 184292 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2828(76)90015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cram DJ, Helgeson RC, Sousa LR, Timko JM, Newcomb M, Moreau P, de Jong F, Gokel GW, Hoffman DH, Domeier LA, Peacock SC, Madan K, Kaplan L. Chiral recognition in complexation of guests by designed host molecules. PURE APPL CHEM 1975. [DOI: 10.1351/pac197543030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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