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Sarfaraz Q, Drescher GL, Zafar M, Shah MN, Zhao F, Danish S, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS, Souza da Silva L. Nutrient retention after crop harvest in a typic hapludults amended with biochar types under no-tillage system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5126. [PMID: 38429337 PMCID: PMC10907612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biochar's as soil amendments for enhancing nutrient retention in subsoils present potential limitations. To address this issue, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to assess the effects of various biochar's derived from animal manures (swine manure, poultry litter, cattle manure) and plant residues (rice straw, soybean straw, corn straw) when applied to surface of an acidic soil. Our study focused on wheat crops under a no-tillage system, with a subsequent evaluation of the residual impacts on soybeans. The experimental design involved the application of biochar's at different rates i.e. 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, followed by the assessment of their influence on NPK levels, pH, and exchangeable Al in stratified soil layers (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, and 15-25 cm). Furthermore, we investigated the interplay between biochar doses and the application of nitrogen (N) in the top 5 cm of soil, specifically examining NO 3 - , NH 4 + , P and K levels. Our findings revealed that in the top 5 cm of soil, biochar doses and N application significantly affected NO 3 - , NH 4 + , P and K concentrations. However, in deeper soil layers, no significant differences were observed among biochar doses with or without N application. Interestingly, K levels were impacted throughout all soil depths, regardless of the presence or absence of N application. Moreover, biochar application up to a 5 cm depth induced favorable changes in soil pH and reduced exchangeable Al. In contrast, deeper layers experienced a decrease in soil pH and an increase in exchangeable Al following biochar treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that biochar's can effectively retain NPK nutrients, enhance soil pH, and decrease exchangeable Al, independent of the type and dosage of application under a no-tillage system. Nonetheless, the efficacy of biochar amendments may vary with soil depth and type of nutrient, warranting careful consideration for maximizing their benefits in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Sarfaraz
- Department of Soil Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbela, Uthal Balochistan, Pakistan.
- Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Gerson Laerson Drescher
- Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Shah
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, USA
| | - Fengliang Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Fakhoury JW, Lara JB, Manwar R, Zafar M, Xu Q, Engel R, Tsoukas MM, Daveluy S, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: a comprehensive review. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11518. [PMID: 38223680 PMCID: PMC10785699 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, but it can be cured if the primary lesion is detected and treated at an early stage. Imaging techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) have been studied and implemented to aid in the detection and diagnosis of CM. Aim Provide an overview of different PAI systems and applications for the study of CM, including the determination of tumor depth/thickness, cancer-related angiogenesis, metastases to lymph nodes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), virtual histology, and studies using exogenous contrast agents. Approach A systematic review and classification of different PAI configurations was conducted based on their specific applications for melanoma detection. This review encompasses animal and preclinical studies, offering insights into the future potential of PAI in melanoma diagnosis in the clinic. Results PAI holds great clinical potential as a noninvasive technique for melanoma detection and disease management. PA microscopy has predominantly been used to image and study angiogenesis surrounding tumors and provide information on tumor characteristics. Additionally, PA tomography, with its increased penetration depth, has demonstrated its ability to assess melanoma thickness. Both modalities have shown promise in detecting metastases to lymph nodes and CTCs, and an all-optical implementation has been developed to perform virtual histology analyses. Animal and human studies have successfully shown the capability of PAI to detect, visualize, classify, and stage CM. Conclusions PAI is a promising technique for assessing the status of the skin without a surgical procedure. The capability of the modality to image microvasculature, visualize tumor boundaries, detect metastases in lymph nodes, perform fast and label-free histology, and identify CTCs could aid in the early diagnosis and classification of CM, including determination of metastatic status. In addition, it could be useful for monitoring treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Fakhoury
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juliana Benavides Lara
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ricardo Engel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Maria M. Tsoukas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven Daveluy
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Zafar M, Manwar R, McGuire LS, Charbel FT, Avanaki K. Ultra-widefield and high-speed spiral laser scanning OR-PAM: System development and characterization. J Biophotonics 2023:e202200383. [PMID: 36998211 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a high-resolution imaging modality that has been mainly implemented with small field of view applications. Here, we developed a fast PAM system that utilizes a unique spiral laser scanning mechanism and a wide acoustic detection unit. The developed system can image an area of 12.5 cm2 in 6.4 s. The system has been characterized using highly detailed phantoms. Finally, the imaging capabilities of the system were further demonstrated by imaging a sheep brain ex vivo and a rat brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Zafar
- The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura S McGuire
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fady T Charbel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Jabeen S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Althobaiti AT, Ozdemir FA, Kutlu MA, Makhkamov TK, Sultana S, Ameen M, Majeed S. Ultra-sculpturing of seed morphotypes in selected species of genus Salvia L. and their taxonomic significance. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:96-106. [PMID: 36181702 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic importance of macromorphological and micromorphological seed characteristics was investigated using SEM of ten species of the Salvia genus from Pakistan. The aim was to identify diagnostic seed ultrastructural features that could aid in species delimitation, correct identification and phylogenetic position. The ultrastructure of Salvia varies greatly, and a wide range of unique micromorphological features have been observed. Seed micromorphological features were explored by SEM, including seed shape, colour, texture, cell outline, surface sculpturing, epidermal cell arrangement, anticlinal, and periclinal wall pattern. Seed shapes were categorized as obovate, spherical, spheroid, broadly elliptic, elliptic and oblong, mostly with a terminal hilum. Seed colours were black, light brown, dark brown, brown and yellow. Exo-morphological characters, i.e. epidermal cell arrangements, included irregular, wavy pentagonal-hexagonal, regular pentagonal-hexagonal. Cluster analysis was used to assess similar and distinct species within Salvia with a feasible explanation. Taxonomic keys were made based on micromorphological qualitative features that help to delimit species and identify them quickly within the Salvia genus. Seed morphology of ten Salvia species was described and investigated, and the diagnostic significance of features evaluated using SEM. This study analysed seed features, especially at the species level, which might provide much new taxonomic information. The results revealed that, in seed morphology, using SEM can help with taxon identification, especially at the genus and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jabeen
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Zafar
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A T Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Ozdemir
- Bingöl University Faculty of Science and Literature - Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol, Turkey
| | - M A Kutlu
- Beekeeping Research Development Applications Centre Offices, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - T K Makhkamov
- Department of forestry and landscape design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - S Sultana
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ameen
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Majeed
- Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zafar M, Manwar R, Avanaki K. High-fidelity compression for high-throughput photoacoustic microscopy systems. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100350. [PMID: 35238158 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopic images can assist specialists in disease diagnosis by providing vascular information. However, the size of such data is usually extremely large (ie, gigabytes), and thus, a real-time, efficient compression method can facilitate easy storage and transportation of these images. We have implemented multiple data compression methods in LabVIEW with a high compression ratio and execution times below the repetition rate of the pulsed laser. The qualitative and quantitative results of ex vivo and in vivo imaging with compression showed near-identical images to uncompressed images, with significantly smaller size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Zafar
- The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA2 The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- The Richard and Loan Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Shoaib M, Chomayil Y, Zafar M. Corneal abrasion due to face mask in children: A novel and potential mechanism of injury related to COVID 19 pandemic. Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022; 27:101290. [PMID: 35308132 PMCID: PMC8920910 DOI: 10.1016/j.visj.2022.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Noman M, Ahmed T, Shahid M, Niazi MBK, Qasim M, Kouadri F, Abdulmajeed AM, Alghanem SM, Ahmad N, Zafar M, Ali S. Biogenic copper nanoparticles produced by using the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NST2 curtailed salt stress effects in maize by modulating the cellular oxidative repair mechanisms. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 217:112264. [PMID: 33915453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of salinity on plant growth and physiology are well-established, which is one of the major threats to food security in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The current research focuses on biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from a bacterial strain NST2, which was genetically identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae based on taxonomic identity of 16S rRNA gene. The strain was selected for bioprospecting of CuNPs owing to its Cu tolerance potential. The biologically-synthesized CuNPs were confirmed in culture by using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The material characteristics of green CuNPs were further investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, where crystallite size was ranged from 22.44 nm to 44.26 nm and particles were stabilized by various functional groups, such as carbonyl and amine groups. When 100 mg kg-1 of green CuNPs were mixed in saline soil in a pot experiment, the maize plants showed increased root and shoot length (43.52% and 44.06%, respectively), fresh weight (46.05% and 51.82%, respectively) and dry weight (47.69% and 30.63%, respectively) in comparison to control maize plants without CuNPs application. Moreover, green CuNPs at their highest treatment level (100 mg kg-1 of soil) counteracted the lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage in maize plants by promoting the activities of antioxidants and demoting the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species and ionic contents of Na+ and Cl-. Conclusively, biogenic CuNPs is an emerging and promising technique, which could replace traditional methods of salinity management in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fayza Kouadri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, AL-Madina AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif M Abdulmajeed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Umluj 46429, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Shehbaz Ali
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Khwaja Farid University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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Adnan M, Zafar M, Trivedi C, Beg U. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the management of autism spectrum disorder: Narrative review. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9475652 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fifty years ago, the estimated prevalence of autism was 30-60 per 10,000; now, it has increased to 18.5 per 1,000. Autism disorders are 4.3 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. Objectives This systematic review provides an overview of the management of AD with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Methods A systematic review was conducted using (“Autism spectrum disorder” AND “Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic stimulation” AND “RTMS” OR “Children and adolescent”) in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO, resulted in 453 hits and finally qualified 18 studies. Results We found 18 eligible studies, 8 randomize controlled clinical trials, 10 non-controlled clinical trials comparing TMS effects with waiting-list controls (n = 6), sham-treatment (n = 8) and no control group (n=4). There was a significant reduction of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors, irritability, social behavior, and executive function improvements with a medium-size effect. Eleven studies in this review had a moderate to high risk of bias due to small sample size, lack of blinding to treatment, and inadequate follow-up period. Four studies reported the stability of these gains in clinical outcomes for more than six months with no clarification after that. Conclusions The data encourages the potential safety and efficacy; it provides significant evidence to support TMS’s efficacy in symptom severity reductions and improved clinical outcomes in children with autism. Therefore, future large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to conclude intervention efficacy in a larger sample size further.
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Munir M, Ahmad M, Rehan M, Saeed M, Lam SS, Nizami AS, Waseem A, Sultana S, Zafar M. Production of high quality biodiesel from novel non-edible Raphnus raphanistrum L. seed oil using copper modified montmorillonite clay catalyst. Environ Res 2021; 193:110398. [PMID: 33127396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on producing high quality and yield of biodiesel from novel non-edible seed oil of abundantly available wild Raphnus raphanistrum L. using an efficient, recyclable and eco-friendly copper modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay catalyst. The maximum biodiesel yield of 83% was obtained by base catalyzed transesterification process under optimum operating conditions of methanol to oil ratio of 15:1, reaction temperature of 150 °C, reaction time of 5 h and catalyst loading of 3.5%. The synthesized catalyst and biodiesel were characterized for their structural features and chemical compositions using various state-of-the-art techniques, including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were estimated including kinematic viscosity (4.36 cSt), density (0.8312 kg/L), flash point (72 °C), acid value (0.172 mgKOH/g) and sulphur content (0.0002 wt.%). These properties were compared and found in good agreement with the International Biodiesel Standards of American (ASTM-951, 6751), European Committee (EN-14214) and China GB/T 20828 (2007). The catalyst was re-used in five consecutive transesterification reactions without losing much catalytic efficiency. Overall, non-edible Raphnus raphanistrum L.. seed oil and Cu doped MMT clay catalyst appeared to be highly active, stable, and cheap contenders for future biofuel industry. However, detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of Raphnus raphanistrum L. seed oil biodiesel are highly recommended to assess the technical, ecological, social and economic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Pakistan.
| | - M Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Saeed
- Analytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - A S Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - A Waseem
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Zafar
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Dogar A, Ullah K, Uddin S, Memon Y, Zafar M, Bilal H, Shoaib A, Ghaffar A, Hasnain S, Soomro Q. Per-Cutaneous Trans-splenic Vein Thrombolysis of Acute Major Portal Vein Thrombosis in Post-Liver Transplant Recipient: A Unique Experience. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2021; 12:32-36. [PMID: 35509724 PMCID: PMC9013494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal venous thrombosis (PVT) is an uncommon complication in post-liver transplant recipients. The reported incidence is 1-4%. It may occur within a month, called early or after one month of transplantation, known as late PVT. Early PVT has a poor prognosis, leading to graft failure in most cases. Treatment of such cases is quite challenging because of difficult alternative portal inflow establishment. We performed successful thrombolysis of acute major PVT with a unique technique using ultrasound-guided percutaneous trans-splenic vein access in a post-liver transplant recipient. The per-cutaneous trans- splenic vein approach-based thrombolysis described here in this report might be very helpful in similar cases. This technique minimizes the potential risk of graft loss, avoids re-exploration, has a low risk of bleeding, and is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dogar
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - K. Ullah
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Sh. Uddin
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Y. Memon
- Radiology Unit, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. Zafar
- Radiology Unit, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - H. Bilal
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Shoaib
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Ghaffar
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Hasnain
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Q. Soomro
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
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Kenaan K, Zafar M, Bond R, Gracious BL. Perampanel-Induced Cataplexy in a Young Male with Generalized Epilepsy. HCA Healthc J Med 2020; 1:283-288. [PMID: 37426610 PMCID: PMC10324743 DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Description Perampanel (Fycompa) is a newer anti-epileptic drug believed to exert its effects in the central nervous system by inhibiting post-synaptic glutamate receptors. However, the precise therapeutic mechanism is unknown. The most common neuropsychiatric side effect is affective dysregulation; there are also reports of psychosis. We describe a 32 year old African American male with recurring generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures, who presented to our hospital with onset of mood lability for several months, after Perampanel was added to his antiepileptic medications. Perampanel administration was temporarily withheld, and subsequently on restarting, noted to be coincident with neuropsychiatric symptomatology, including motor weakness in emotional contexts. The mechanisms underlying cataplexy are complex and, in our patient, most likely induced by an interaction between Perampanel and the wakeful inhibition of the sublaterodorsal nucleus projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Kenaan
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL
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Shakil M, Arshad H, Zafar M, Rizwan M, Gillani SSA, Ahmed S. First-principles computation of new series of quaternary Heusler alloys CoScCrZ (Z = Al, Ga, Ge, In): a study of structural, magnetic, elastic and thermal response for spintronic devices. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1789770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shakil
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Arshad
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - M. Zafar
- Department of Physics, Govt. Rizviya Islamia Post Graduate College Haroon Abad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M. Rizwan
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - S. S. A. Gillani
- Department of Physics, Govt. College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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de Castro Lima JAM, Labanowski J, Bastos MC, Zanella R, Prestes OD, de Vargas JPR, Mondamert L, Granado E, Tiecher T, Zafar M, Troian A, Le Guet T, Dos Santos DR. "Modern agriculture" transfers many pesticides to watercourses: a case study of a representative rural catchment of southern Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:10581-10598. [PMID: 31942716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The total cultivated area in Brazil reached to 62 million ha in 2018, with the predominance of genetically modified soybean and corn (36 and 17 million ha, respectively) in no-tillage systems. In 2018, 5.3 × 105 Mg of active ingredient of pesticides was applied in cropfields, representing about 7.3 L of commercial product by habitant. However, the monitoring of water courses contamination by pesticides remains scarce and is based on traditional grab sampling systems. In this study, we used the grab (water) and passive sampling (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler-POCIS) to monitor pesticide contamination in the river network of a representative agricultural catchment of southern Brazil. We selected 18 sampling sites located in tributaries and in the main course of the Guaporé River, in Rio Grande do Sul State, with different land use predominance including forest, urban, and agricultural areas. Altogether, 79 and 23 pesticides were, respectively, analyzed in water and POCIS samples. The water of Guaporé River and its tributaries were highly contaminated by many pesticides, especially by four herbicides (2,4-D, atrazine, deethyl-atrazine, and simazine), three fungicides (carbendazim, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole), and one insecticide (imidacloprid). The amount, type, and concentration of pesticides detected were completely different depending on the sampling technic used. POCIS was effective to discriminate the contamination according to the main land use of each sampling site. The monitored areas with the predominance of soybean cultivation under no-tillage tended to have higher concentrations of fungicide, while in the more diversified region, the herbicides showed higher values. The presence of five herbicides used in corn and grassland forage production was correlated with areas of integrated crop-livestock systems, in contrast to higher contamination by 2,4-D in areas of intensive production of soybean and winter cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Marília Camotti Bastos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Leslie Mondamert
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Eugenie Granado
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Tales Tiecher
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Alexandre Troian
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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14
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Zafar M, Rana M, Zahid M, Malik M, Lodhi M. Mathematical Analysis of Roll Coating Process by Using Couple Stress Fluid. j nanofluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2019.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, an incompressible isothermal model of a couple stress fluid between two rotating rolls is developed. Lubrication approximation theory is applied to simplify the flow equations. Exact solutions for velocity and pressure profiles are derived. Parameters of an industrial
interest like pressure, separating force, coating thickness, detachment point and power transmitted by the rolls to the fluid are computed numerically. It is observed that the flow parameter is a controlling parameter for an exiting coating thickness. As the problem is symmetric, only one
half of the geometry is considered.
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15
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Fatima A, Kratkiewicz K, Manwar R, Zafar M, Zhang R, Huang B, Dadashzadeh N, Xia J, Avanaki K(M. Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography. Photoacoustics 2019; 15:100137. [PMID: 31428558 PMCID: PMC6693691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) is a major configuration of photoacoustic imaging, a hybrid noninvasive modality for both functional and molecular imaging. PACT has rapidly gained importance in the field of biomedical imaging due to superior performance as compared to conventional optical imaging counterparts. However, the overall cost of developing a PACT system is one of the challenges towards clinical translation of this novel technique. The cost of a typical commercial PACT system originates from optical source, ultrasound detector, and data acquisition unit. With growing applications of photoacoustic imaging, there is a tremendous demand towards reducing its cost. In this review article, we have discussed various approaches to reduce the overall cost of a PACT system, and provided a cost estimation to build a low-cost PACT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Fatima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karl Kratkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Bin Huang
- 3339 Northwest Ave, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kamran (Mohammad) Avanaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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16
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Shahid M, Hameed S, Zafar M, Tahir M, Ijaz M, Tariq M, Hussain K, Ali A. Enterobacter sp. strain Fs-11 adapted to diverse ecological conditions and promoted sunflower achene yield, nutrient uptake, and oil contents. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:459-469. [PMID: 30830602 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are under extensive investigation to supplement the chemical fertilizers due to cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. However, their consistency in heterogeneous soil and diverse ecological settings is unclear. The current study presents in vitro and field evaluation of pre-characterized PGPR strain Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 (GenBank accession # GQ179978) in terms of its potential to enhance sunflower yield and oil contents under diverse environmental conditions. Under in vitro conditions, strain Fs-11 showed optimal growth at a range of temperature (15 to 40 °C) and pH values (6.5 to 8.5). Extracellular and intracellular localizations of the strain Fs-11 in sunflower root cortical cells through transmission electron microscopy confirmed its epiphytic and endophytic colonization patterns, respectively. In field experiments, conducted at three different agro-climatic locations, inoculation of strain Fs-11 at 50% reduced NP fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in growth, achene yield, nutrient uptake, and oil contents. Inoculation also responded significantly in terms of increase in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids, respectively) without rising saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acids) contents. We concluded that Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 is a potential candidate for biofertilizer formulations to supplement chemical fertilizer requirements of sunflower crop under diverse climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. .,Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Hameed
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.,Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Hussain
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amanat Ali
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Soil Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
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17
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Tes D, Aber A, Zafar M, Horton L, Fotouhi A, Xu Q, Moiin A, Thompson AD, Moraes Pinto Blumetti TC, Daveluy S, Chen W, Nasiriavanaki M. Granular Cell Tumor Imaging Using Optical Coherence Tomography. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2018; 9:1179597218790250. [PMID: 30116105 PMCID: PMC6088518 DOI: 10.1177/1179597218790250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor that may affect the skin. The tumor can develop anywhere on the body, although it is predominately seen in oral cavities and in the head and neck regions. Here, we present the results of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of a large GCT located on the abdomen of a patient. We also present an analytical method to differentiate between healthy tissue and GCT tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multibeam, Fourier domain, swept source OCT was used for imaging. The OCT had a central wavelength of 1305 ± 15 nm and lateral and axial resolutions of 7.5 and 10 µm, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the tumor and healthy skin are reported. RESULTS Abrupt changes in architectures of the dermal and epidermal layers in the GCT lesion were observed. These architectural changes were not observed in healthy skin. DISCUSSION To quantitatively differentiate healthy skin from tumor regions, an optical attenuation coefficient analysis based on single-scattering formulation was performed. The methodology introduced here could have the capability to delineate boundaries of a tumor prior to surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Aber
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luke Horton
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Audrey Fotouhi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ali Moiin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Thompson
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Steven Daveluy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Nasiriavanaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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18
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Tes D, Kratkiewicz K, Aber A, Horton L, Zafar M, Arafat N, Fatima A, Avanaki MR. Development and Optimization of a Fluorescent Imaging System to Detect Amyloid-β Proteins: Phantom Study. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2018; 9:1179597218781081. [PMID: 29977121 PMCID: PMC6024282 DOI: 10.1177/1179597218781081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting more than 5 million people in the United States. During the progression of Alzheimer disease, a particular protein begins to accumulate in the brain and also in extensions of the brain, ie, the retina. This protein, amyloid-β (Aβ), exhibits fluorescent properties. The purpose of this research article is to explore the implications of designing a fluorescent imaging system able to detect Aβ proteins in the retina. We designed and implemented a fluorescent imaging system with a range of applications that can be reconfigured on a fluorophore to fluorophore basis and tested its feasibility and capabilities using Cy5 and CRANAD-2 imaging probes. The results indicate a promising potential for the imaging system to be used to study the Aβ biomarker. A performance evaluation involving ex vivo and in vivo experiments is planned for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karl Kratkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Aber
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke Horton
- Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nour Arafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Afreen Fatima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammad Rn Avanaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Zafar M, Baber U, Smith D, Sartori S, Contreras J, Rey-Mendoza J, Linares-Koloffon C, Escolar G, Mehran R, Fuster V, Badimon J. Antithrombotic potency of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in type-2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1981-1988. [DOI: 10.1160/th17-04-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryType-2 Diabetes Mellitus [T2DM] is associated with increased platelet reactivity and hypo-response to antiplatelet drugs. Ticagrelor, with its faster and more potent antiplatelet effects, was shown to reduce adverse events more than clopidogrel in the overall CAD patient population of PLATO trial, but the benefits did not reach statistical significance in the T2DM subgroup. To better understand these findings, we compared the antithrombotic effects of ticagrelor versus with clopidogrel in T2DM patients with cardiovascular disease. In a randomized, 2 treatment-sequence, crossover-design, T2DM patients (n=20, 57±8 years, 60% male) received a loading-dose [LD] plus one week of daily-therapy [DT] of clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Treatment effects were assessed by measuring thrombus formation (Badimon Chamber) and platelet aggregation (Multiple Electrode Aggregometry (MEA) Analyzer and VerifyNow®) at 2- and 6-hour post-LD and on Day-7 of DT, in comparison with pre-treatment baseline. After 2 weeks of washout, patients switched to the second treatment under identical testing conditions. Ticagrelor significantly reduced thrombus formation versus baseline at 2- and 6-hour post-LD and Day-7 of DT (33%, 40% and 31%, respectively, p<0.01 for all) whereas thrombus reductions with clopidogrel were much lower and significant only at 6-hour post-LD (16%, 20% and 17%, respectively). Antithrombotic effect of ticagrelor at 6-hour was significantly stronger than clopidogrel (p<0.05). Platelet aggregation (MEA and VerifyNow®) was inhibited by both treatments but effects of ticagrelor were significantly stronger at each time-point. Ticagrelor exhibits a faster and more potent antithrombotic effect than clopidogrel in T2DM patients with cardiovascular disease, supporting its use in this population.Clinical Trial Registration: Unique Identifier: NCT01823510.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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20
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Zafar M, Tiecher T, de Castro Lima JAM, Schaefer GL, Santanna MA, Dos Santos DR. Phosphorus seasonal sorption-desorption kinetics in suspended sediment in response to land use and management in the Guaporé catchment, Southern Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:643. [PMID: 27796828 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate sorption-desorption parameters like maximum phosphorus (P) adsorption capacity (P max), equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC), water desorbable P (α), potentially bioavailable P (β), and mobility index (α/β ratio) were determined in order to understand the sediment source-sink nature in Guaporé catchment in southern Brazil during summer and winter 2013 and 2014. The result showed a significant (p = 0.05) variation across sediment site or seasons and revealed the most sorption-desorption parameters (P max, α, β) with the increments following the order urban sediments > intensive agriculture under CT > intensive agriculture under NT > low agriculture sub-catchments (sub1 and sub2) > native forest. In the main river points, these parameters decreased along the river (P1 to P5). The results were more obvious in winter than the summer season. In contrast, the low values of λ and α/β ratio in the sediment from native forest and relatively less polluted catchment (sub1) during summer season show the quick P desorption when compared to specific Fe and Al oxides bound to stable P in intensive agriculture sediments. These findings clearly indicated that agricultural practices, sediment characteristics, and hydrological factors have a major impact on seasonal sediment P bioavailability and mobility. The urban untreated discharges may be a single major P source and, if it is not wisely managed, proves a major threat to water quality. These results have serious implications for the river ecosystem and will be of great importance to improve the environmental and economic performance of agricultural practices aiming to reduce soil-based P legacy to surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Zafar
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan.
| | - Tales Tiecher
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gilmar Luiz Schaefer
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Santanna
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo Rheinheimer Dos Santos
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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21
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Rashed-Nizam Q, Rahman M, Tafader M, Zafar M, Bhuian A, Khan R, Kamal M, Chowdhury M, Alam M. Radiological risk analysis of sediment from Kutubdia island, Bangladesh due to natural and anthropogenic radionuclides. INT J RADIAT RES 2016. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Rizwan MS, Imtiaz M, Huang G, Chhajro MA, Liu Y, Fu Q, Zhu J, Ashraf M, Zafar M, Bashir S, Hu H. Immobilization of Pb and Cu in polluted soil by superphosphate, multi-walled carbon nanotube, rice straw and its derived biochar. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:15532-15543. [PMID: 27121017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) contamination in croplands pose severe health hazards and environmental concerns throughout soil-food chain transfer. In the present study, BCR, TCLP, CaCl2, and SBET techniques were employed to evaluate the simultaneous effectiveness of rice straw (RS) and its derived biochar (BC), multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and single superphosphate (SSP) to immobilize the Pb and Cu in co-contaminated soil. The BCR sequential extraction results suggested that with increasing BC and SSP amount, the acid-soluble fractions decreased while oxidizable and residual proportions of Pb and Cu were increased significantly. Compared to SSP, the application of BC amendment substantially modified partitioning of Cu from easily exchangeable phase to less bioavailable residual bound fraction. The immobilized Pb and Cu were mainly transformed to reducible forms. The TCLP and CaCl2-extracted Pb and Cu were reduced significantly by the addition of BC compared to RS and MWCNT, whereas the bio-accessibility of Pb significantly reduced with RS addition. SSP showed better results for Pb immobilization while marginal for Cu in co-contaminated soil. Overall, the addition of BC offered the best results and could be effective in both Pb and Cu immobilization thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability in the co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Afzal Chhajro
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, University road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- Soil & Water Chemistry Lab. Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, 91105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P. R. China.
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Younus M, Abbas T, Zafar M, Raza S, Khan A, Saleem AH, Idrees MA, Nisa QU, Akhtar R, Saleem G. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in raw milk for human consumption. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v46i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Fabry T, Peterss S, Luehr M, Zafar M, Guenther S, Dumfarth J, Ziganshin B, Pichlmaier M, Hagl C, Elefteriades J. Aortic Root Reoperation after Aortic and Aortic Valve Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Zaben M, Zafar M, Bukhari S, Leach P, Hayhurst C. Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for resection of malignant pituitary blastoma in an 18-month-old infant: a technical note. Neurosurgery 2015; 10 Suppl 4:649-53. [PMID: 24978649 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sella and suprasellar tumors are increasingly managed via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, but infant endoscopic surgery has not been reported. Pituitary blastoma is a rare sellar malignant tumor that primarily occurs in infants and is managed by surgical resection (cytoreduction) followed by adjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVE To describe the technique and feasibility of resection of a pituitary blastoma via endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in an 18-month-old infant. METHODS Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for resection of a pituitary malignant tumor in an infant. RESULTS Near-total tumor resection was achieved. The skull base was reconstructed by using a nasoseptal flap with no cerebrospinal fluid leak or any other intraoperative complications. The postoperative course was uneventful. One-year follow-up showed complete resolution of the tumor. CONCLUSION The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach with nasoseptal flap reconstruction could be used as a safe, yet minimally invasive and innovative technique for the resection of pituitary blastoma in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Zaben
- *Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; ‡Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; §Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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A S, Rahim S, Bhatti KH, Khan A, Din N, Imran M, Mohsin M, Ishtiaq M, Nabila A, Ansari A, Hussain S, Zafar M, Mushtaq M, Mumtaz E, Iqbal J. Ethnobotanical study and conservation status of trees in the district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2015.84.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shahid M, Hameed S, Tariq M, Zafar M, Ali A, Ahmad N. Characterization of mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for enhanced sunflower growth and yield-attributing traits. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Zafar M, Kumar S, Kumar S, Dhiman AK, Park HS. Maintenance-energy-dependent dynamics of growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] production by Azohydromonas lata MTCC 2311 using simple and renewable carbon substrates. Braz J Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140312s00002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zafar
- Shobhit University, India; University of Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
| | - S. Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
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Yasin S, Luckham PF, Iqbal T, Zafar M, Ramzan N. Adsorption and Rheology of Graphitic Carbon Black Nonaqueous Dispersions Prepared Using Nonionic Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.683978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yasin S, Luckham PF, Iqbal T, Zafar M. Scaling in Electrical Conductivity Measurements and Rheological Measurements of Monarch 700 Dispersions Stabilized by Polymers. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.635525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zafar
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
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Zafar N, Zafar M. P685 A study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer and its prevention among a diverse group of Pakistani women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shafiq M, Tanwir M, Tariq A, Kasi PM, Zafar M, Saleem A, Rehman R, Zaidi SZ, Taj F, Khuwaja AA, Shaikh KS, Khuwaja AK. Epilepsy: public knowledge and attitude in a slum area of Karachi, Pakistan. Seizure 2007; 16:330-7. [PMID: 17379542 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common but widely misunderstood illness. Consequently, epileptics suffer from considerable stigmatization in society. Since no studies have detailed the misperceptions about epilepsy in our community, it is not possible to provide focused intervention aimed at eliminating this prejudice. PURPOSE To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding epilepsy in an adult population of a Karachi slum area. METHODS A face-to-face interview was conducted on 487 consenting adult non-epileptics (305 males; 182 females) who were conveniently sampled. Chi-square test was employed to calculate the variability in knowledge and attitude with demographic and other variables. RESULTS In all, 12.5% had never heard about epilepsy. Among the rest, 66.7% identified epilepsy as being non-infectious, while 28.2% were unaware of any treatment available for it. Among the other 71.8%, 62.7% were aware of the existence of anti-epileptic drugs. Religious/spiritual treatment was chosen as the most effective treatment by 33.1%. Males were more likely to identify epilepsy as being non-infectious (p=0.02). Nearly 18% of the respondents would not object to their child marrying an epileptic, 69.5% did not want to socially isolate the epileptics, 83.1% said epileptics could receive academic education, 85.6% said they could perform activities of daily life and 62.4% said they could become useful members of the society. Those who considered epilepsy to be infectious were more likely to carry negative attitudes towards epilepsy (p<0.01 with four attitudes). CONCLUSIONS Considerable gaps exist in the community's knowledge about epilepsy. Some of these may explain the prevalence of negative attitudes towards this ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiq
- Class of 2006, Aga Khan University Medical College, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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Zafar M, Alappat BJ. Landfill surface runoff and its effect on water quality on river Yamuna. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2004; 39:375-384. [PMID: 15027821 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120027529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During 2000, the estimated quantity of solid waste generated in Delhi, India was more than 9000 tones per day. This is one of the biggest sources of environmental degradation in capital city of India. Since 1950's over 12 large landfill have been packed with all kinds of nonbiodegradable and toxic waste of Delhi. The area covered is at least 1% (14.83 square kilometer) of total Delhi's area. All the landfill sites except Tilak Nagar, Hastal, and Chattarpur are located very closely (0.5-6 km) to the river Yamuna. It contributes the pollution to river Yamuna in a significant way in a form of surface runoff from landfill site especially in rainy season. The chemical analysis of leachate produced by these landfill sites and corresponding river section (at five river points) has been performed for 16 selected parameter (Temperature, Odor, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, COD, Total Solids, Sulphide, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron) in the first stage and for 8 parameters (pH, Conductivity, COD, Total Solids, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron) in second stage. The study was conducted between August to October, 2000 (rainy season). It is clear from the study that the river water quality is affected by the presence of landfill surface runoff. Its impact can be seen in the region where the drains are meeting the river. This is one of the causes of river pollution apart from other major municipal and industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zafar
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Turgay A, Tong L, Ansari R, Khosroshahi H, Ng D, Zafar M, Jagdeo J, Azzopardi P. Age, Gender, Subtype and Comorbidity Relations in 1000 Children and Adolescents with Adhd. Paediatr Child Health 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/7.suppl_a.34ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that supplemental grasp-force feedback can improve control for users of a hand prosthesis or neuroprosthesis under conditions where vision provides little force information. Visual cues of force are widely available in everyday use, however, and may obviate the utility of supplemental force information. The purpose of the present study was to use a video-based hand neuroprosthesis simulator to determine whether grasp-force feedback can improve control in the presence of realistic visual information. Seven able-bodied subjects used the simulator to complete a simple grasp-and-hold task while controlling and viewing pre-recorded, digitised video clips of a neuroprosthesis user's hand squeezing a compliant object. The task was performed with and without supplemental force feedback presented via electrocutaneous stimulation. Subjects had to achieve and maintain the (simulated) grasp force within a target window of variable size (+/- 10-40% of full scale). Force feedback improved the success rate significantly for all target window sizes (8-16%, on average), and improved the success rate at all window sizes for six of the seven subjects. Overall, the improvement was equivalent functionally to a 35% increase in the window size. Feedback also allowed subjects to identify the direction of grasp errors more accurately, on average by 10-15%. In some cases, feedback improved the failure identification rate even if success rates were unchanged. It is thus concluded that supplemental grasp-force feedback can improve grasp control even with access to rich visual information from the hand and object.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Sharma AK, Shekhawat NS, Sharma SB, Upadhyay A, Agarwal RK, Zafar M, Harjai MM. Fixation anomaly at duodenojejunal junction. Indian Pediatr 1996; 33:600-2. [PMID: 8979575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, S.P. Mother and Child Health Institute, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur
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Abstract
Estrogen affects the synthesis and release of several pituitary hormones. The estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the steroid hormone receptor family, is thought to mediate transcriptional effects in a cell-specific fashion. We investigated whether ER is expressed in specific hormone-producing cell types in the human pituitary and its adenomas. Pituitary adenomas (n = 34) were collected at the time of surgery, and normal glands were obtained from autopsy. Expression of ER messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. ER was also localized with immunohistochemistry and protein extraction. By RT-PCR, ER mRNA was found in the nontumorous pituitary and in pituitary adenomas expressing only PRL, in those producing GH and PRL, and in adenomas expressing the gonadotropic hormones. No ER mRNA was detected in adenomas expressing only GH without PRL or gonadotropins, nor in tumors producing ACTH without PRL or gonadotropins. In situ hybridization was not as sensitive or specific as RT-PCR. Biochemical analysis performed on seven tumors that were positive for ER mRNA by RT-PCR detected ER protein in only one PRL adenoma and one oncocytoma and yielded negative or equivocal results in one PRL adenoma, three GH-PRL adenomas, and one null cell adenoma. ER protein was localized by immunohistochemistry in scattered cells of the nontumorous adenohypophysis and in a few PRL and gonadotroph adenomas. We conclude that ER expression, as determined by RT-PCR, correlates with the expression of PRL or gonadotropins; in contrast, ER mRNA was not detected in adenomas that express only GH or ACTH. These findings implicate ER as a cell-specific transcription factor that may regulate cytodifferentiation in the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zafar
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Fadda M, Zafar M, Ayub A, al-Kahtani K. Idiopathic chronic active hepatitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19:313-7. [PMID: 7876513 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199412000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 56-year-old Saudi male was admitted with abnormal liver chemistry values and a > 5-month history of lethargy, malaise, anorexia, and jaundice. Extensive investigations did not establish an etiological diagnosis. Liver histology confirmed the clinically apparent aggressive hepatitis with fibrosis but gave no clue to its etiology. The patient was empirically treated with alpha-interferon for presumed non-A, non-B hepatitis, with clinical and biochemical worsening. Interferon was discontinued and the patient was started on immunosuppression. Dramatic clinical and biochemical improvement occurred, with normalization of the liver chemistry within 4 weeks. The patient has been followed-up for 12 months and has not suffered a relapse. This case highlights the etiological heterogeneity of chronic active hepatitis. The entity of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis is unclear, and perhaps it is better defined as steroid-responsive hepatitis. Steroid-responsive hepatitis should always be considered in cases of cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Fadda
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ayub
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sieck JO, Ellis ME, Alfurayh O, Ali MA, Ali HA, Ayub A, al-Fadda M, Zafar M, Halim M, Bernvil SS. Histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha-interferon: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study. J Hepatol 1993; 19:418-23. [PMID: 7512110 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is common in Saudi Arabia and most often presents in an advanced stage. To assess the response of patients to interferon, a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study was undertaken. All but 1 patient had cirrhosis or fibrosis before interferon. After a 24-week observation period patients received alpha 2a interferon, 3 mega units sc tiw or placebo for 24 weeks, then the opposite treatment for another 24 weeks followed by 24 weeks of observation. Liver biopsies were performed before and after each of the treatment phases. Twenty-two out of 24 patients completed the study. The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels fell from 150.7 +/- 118.7 units/l to 91.0 +/- 42.6 units/l after 6 months interferon treatment (P = 0.03) but only 3 patients (14%) had complete normalization of mean ALT levels and 4 (18%) had > 50% reduction. The mean hepatitis activity index fell from 12.2 +/- 2.6 immediately before to 11.6 +/- 2.5 just after interferon (P = 0.4). After interferon there was an insignificant raise in 6-month mean ALT. Hepatitis C virus-RNA was positive in all 17 patients tested and remained so after treatment. Side-effects were mild and well tolerated. Alpha interferon 3 mega units tiw for 24 weeks is not an effective treatment of histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Sieck
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ayub A, Zafar M, Abdulkareem A, Ali MA, Lingawi T, Harbi A. Primary hepatic vipoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:958-61. [PMID: 8389095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 35-yr-old male presented with a 3-yr history of voluminous watery diarrhea. He had episodes of severe generalized weakness which responded to fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy. Investigations revealed a solitary liver mass and an elevated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. An extensive work-up did not show any other extrahepatic primary lesion. Surgical resection ameliorated all of his symptoms, accompanied by a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. We believe that this patient represents a case of primary hepatic vipoma syndrome. To our present knowledge, this has not been reported previously. We discuss the clinical manifestations, investigations, and management of the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ayub
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zafar M. Re: Chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis: report from Pakistan. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:788-9. [PMID: 8480757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zafar M, Reid ME. Review: The Diego blood group system. Immunohematology 1993; 9:35-40. [PMID: 15946085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zafar
- Immunohematology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
A total of 27,480 stool specimens from 15,548 patients with gastroenteritis were analyzed for bacterial enteropathogens during a 4-year period between 1986-89 at a major referral center in Saudi Arabia. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 1,152 patients, Salmonella being the most frequent, followed by Campylobacter, Shigella, and Aeromonas hydrophila. The latter bacterium was found in 58 patients; seven of them were associated with other enteric pathogens, but A. hydrophila was the only organism in 51 patients. All had gastrointestinal symptoms, the most common being diarrhea (92%), followed by abdominal pain (68%), fever (37%), and vomiting (27%). Stool specimens from 1,368 control patients were negative for A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Qadri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tufail A, Ahmad S, Khan AR, Zafar M, Shafi M. Nuclear interactions of 340-GeV pions in emulsion. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1990; 42:2187-2193. [PMID: 10013072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.42.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Cooke RP, Zafar M, Haeney MR. Recurrent meningococcal meningitis associated with deficiencies of C8 and anti-meningococcal antibody. J Clin Lab Immunol 1987; 23:53-6. [PMID: 3112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A patient with fatal recurrent meningococcal meningitis is described. Detailed complement and immunological investigation revealed a combined deficiency of C8 and anti-meningococcal antibody. An inability to make anti-meningococcal antibody in C8 deficient patients has not been previously reported.
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Thies PW, Zafar M. Metoclopramide-induced fever. Clin Pharm 1986; 5:342-4. [PMID: 3709083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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