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Amsalu M, worku K, Ayalew M, Alamneh AA. Contraceptive use and associated factors among women of reproductive age on antiretroviral therapy in Awabel Woreda health centers, Northwest Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231190275. [PMID: 38020801 PMCID: PMC10640806 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231190275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The family planning options for reproductive-age women who are in antiretroviral therapy should consider different types of contraceptive methods including condom use. There is a high unmet need and unplanned pregnancies in Ethiopia among HIV-positive women. Attention was not given towards contraceptive use for HIV women in Ethiopia including the study area. The study aimed to assess contraceptive use and associated factors among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) on Antiretroviral therapy in Awabel Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 572 women of reproductive age who were receiving HIV care and treatment. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire, entered by Epidata3.1 and exported to IBM SPSS for statistics version 20 for analysis.Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with contraceptive use and the presence of significant association was declared at p-value <0.05 and 95% confidence level. Result A total of 526 out of 572 women have responded, with a response rate of 91.9%. Two-thirds (66.5% (95% CI: 63.5, 69.5)) of the study participants were using contraceptive methods at the time of the survey. Women living in areas (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.72), and those who disclosed their HIV status to their partner (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.37, 4.95) were more likely to use contraceptives. While Women (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.69) and their partners (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.97) who had desire to have a child were less likely to use contraceptives. Conclusions The prevalence of contraceptive use among reproductive-age women who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was lower than a systematic review done in Ethiopia and higher than the national target. Intervention targeting on implementation of contraceptive methods, and counseling about contraceptives to address their question of fertility desire and knowledge were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menichil Amsalu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan worku
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Federal Police Hospital Department of Disease Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Ashuro Z, Zeysse N, Ayalew M. Meat hygiene knowledge, handling practices and associated factors among meat handlers in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15149. [PMID: 37704708 PMCID: PMC10499888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 randomly selected meat handlers working in butcher shop in southern Ethiopia to assess factors associated with meat hygiene knowledge and practices. A binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value < 0.05 was used to identify factors that were significantly associated with good level of meat hygiene knowledge and practices. The findings revealed that 38.5% [95% CI: 32.2-44.8%] and 25.1% [95% CI: 19.7-30.5%] of meat handlers have good levels of meat hygiene knowledge and practices, respectively. Good level of meat hygiene knowledge was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with educational level, having meat hygiene training, and having regular supportive supervision by health workers, whereas good level of meat handling practice was significantly associated with work experience, educational level, have regular supportive supervision by health professionals, and having meat hygiene training. In conclusion, the majority of meat handlers have poor knowledge and practices regarding meat hygiene among meat handlers. Educational level, meat hygiene training, and supportive supervision by a health professionals were all independent predictors of meat hygiene knowledge and practice among meat handlers. As a result, health professionals should give regular training, butcher shop inspections, and supportive supervision for meat handlers in order to improve meat hygiene knowledge and practices among meat handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemachu Ashuro
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Nathnael Zeysse
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Eastern Africa GEO Health Hub for Research and Training Project, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Shita A, Teshome H, Ayalew M, Yesuf W, Getachew D. Metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia Region. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 2023; 4:1234674. [PMID: 37790676 PMCID: PMC10542573 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1234674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are prone to modifiable and non-modifiable complications, which can be grouped under metabolic syndrome (MetS). Evaluating MetS in patients with diabetes is critical for the prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with DM. In Ethiopia, more specifically in the southwest of Ethiopia, these kinds of information are lacking. Thus, this study estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic patients and its associated factors. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was done from May 1 to 30, 2021. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, laboratory investigations, and anthropometric measurements. MetS was diagnosed using the modified International Diabetic Federation guidelines (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The data was entered into Epidata and analyzed using SPSS software. Bivariable and multiple variable logistic regression was done to identify the factors associated with MetS. In multiple-variable logistic regression analysis, variables that have a p-value ≤ 0.05 were declared to have statistical significance. Result The majority (31.4%) of study participants were within the age group of 41-50 years and the mean ± SD of age is 51.75 ± 11.66, and 54.9% of them were men. In this study, the prevalence of MetS was 31.4% and 41.2% using the IDF and NCEP-ATP III criteria, respectively. Being a woman (AOR = 11.33, 95% CI; 3.73, 34.34; p < 0.001), having a lower level of education (AOR=7.10, 95% CI; 1.88, 26.70; p <0.004), and performing high physical activities (AOR=0.08, 95%CI; 0.01, 0.40; p <0.002) were significantly associated with MetS. Conclusion According to this study, the magnitude of Metabolic Syndrome in Mizan-Teppi University Teaching Hospital was 31.4% and 41.2% using IDF and NCEP-ATP III criteria, respectively. Being a woman and having a lower level of education increased the odds of MetS among patients with DM while performing high physical activities decreased the odds of MetS among patients with DM. Therefore, to prevent metabolic syndrome among type 2 DM patients in the study area, it is crucial to focus on women and individuals who have not had access to adequate education. One way to do this is by prioritizing interventions that involve physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Shita
- Department of Public Health, Mizan Aman College of Health Science, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Teshome
- Department of Public Health, Mizan Aman College of Health Science, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Department of Public Health, Mizan Aman College of Health Science, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Wudu Yesuf
- Department of Public Health, Mizan Aman College of Health Science, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Getachew
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Mizan Tepi University College of Health Science, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
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Gardie Y, Wassie M, Wodajo S, Giza M, Ayalew M, Sewale Y, Feleke Z, Dessie MT. Delay in diagnosis and associated factors among children with cancer admitted at pediatric oncology ward, University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:469. [PMID: 37217881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay in the diagnosis of childhood cancer is one of the major health problem that contribute to decreased survival rates of children particularly in developing nations. Despite advances in the field of pediatric oncology, cancer remains a leading cause of death in children. Diagnosis of childhood cancer as early as possible is crucial to reduce mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess delay in diagnosis and associated factors among children with cancer admitted to pediatric oncology ward, University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia 2022. METHOD Institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted from January1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. All 200 children were included in the study and Data were extracted through structured check-list. The data were entered using EPI DATA version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 14.0 for data analysis. RESULTS From the total of two hundred pediatric patients 44% had delayed diagnosis and the median delay diagnosis was 68 days. Rural residence (AOR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.08-3.58), absence of health insurance (AOR = 2.21; 95%CI = 1.21-4.04), Hodgkin lymphoma (AOR = 9.36; 95%CI = 2.1-41.72), Retinoblastoma (AOR = 4.09; 95%CI = 1.29-13.02), no referral (AOR = 6.3; 95%CI = 2.15-18.55) and absence of comorbid disease (AOR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.17-3.94) were significant factors associated with delay in diagnosis. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Delayed in diagnosis of childhood cancer was relatively lower than previous studies and most influenced by the child's residency, health insurance, type of cancer and comorbid disease. Thus; every effort should be made to promote public and parental understanding of childhood cancer, promote health insurance and referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimenu Gardie
- Department of Nursing, College of health sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mulugeta Wassie
- Department of medical nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Wodajo
- Department of Midwifery, College of health sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Giza
- Department of public health, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yihenew Sewale
- Department of nursing, College of health sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Feleke
- Department of Midwifery, College of health sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Tilahun Dessie
- Department of pediatrics and child health nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mediratta RP, Rajamani M, Ayalew M, Shehibo A, Tazebew A, Teklu A. Overnight admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit in Ethiopia are not associated with increased mortality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264926. [PMID: 35324936 PMCID: PMC8947129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2019, 2.4 million neonates died globally, with most deaths occurring in low-resource settings. Despite the introduction of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in these settings, neonatal mortality remains high, and caring for sick neonates around the clock can be challenging due to limited staff and resources. Objective To evaluate whether neonatal intensive care admissions during daytime and overnight hours affects in-hospital neonatal mortality. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted using 2016 chart data at a University hospital in Ethiopia. Cases were defined as neonates who died in the NICU, and controls were defined as neonates who survived. Overnight hours were defined as 17:00 to 07:59, and day hours were defined as 08:00 to 16:59. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between time of admission and mortality, along with perinatal characteristics. Results A total of 812 neonates, 207 cases and 605 controls, met inclusion criteria. There were 342 admissions during the day and 470 overnight. Neonatal mortality (aOR 1.02, 95% CI [0.64–1.62], p = 0.93) was not associated with overnight admissions after controlling for maternal age, parity, C-section, birthweight, and gestational age, respiratory distress, and admission level of consciousness. Admission heart rate >160 (aOR 0.52, 95% CI [0.30–0.91], p = 0.02) was the only variable significantly associated with overnight admissions. Conclusion Being admitted overnight to the NICU in Gondar, Ethiopia was not associated with increased mortality, consistent with a constant level of care, regardless of the time of admission. Further qualitative and implementation research are needed to understand contextual factors that have affected these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi P. Mediratta
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mallika Rajamani
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulkadir Shehibo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Tazebew
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Teklu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Enawgaw B, Aynalem M, Melku M, Asrie F, Abebe M, Yalew A, Bekele T, Mesfin N, Ayalew M, Shiferaw E. Hematological malignancies in the Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260639. [PMID: 34852010 PMCID: PMC8635328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of malignant diseases is increasing globally, particularly in developing countries as shown by recent cancer statistics from the world health organization reports. It is anticipated that with an increase in life expectancy consequent upon the improved standard of living and increasing urbanization, the burden of hematological malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Ethiopia is likely to increase recently. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and trend of hematological malignancy in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2019 at the University of Gondar and Bahir-Dar Felegehiwot comprehensive specialized hospitals. Hematological malignancy data were collected by using a data collection sheet that was consisted of patients' socio-demography, clinical, and laboratory data. Then, data were entered into Epi-info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Skewness and kurtosis were used to check data distribution. Descriptive statistics were summarized as percentages, means, and standard deviations of background variables, and the trend were analyzed. RESULTS In this study, a total of 1,342 study participants were included. The mean age of study participants was 41.49 ± 16.3 years with a range of 1 to 92 years. About 58.3%, 52.2%, and 80% of the cases were observed among males, 18-45 age group, and urban residences, respectively. Of the total cases, 92.9% and 7.1% were lymphoma and leukemia, respectively. On the other hand, from lymphoma cases, 72.3% and 27.7% were HL and NHL, respectively while from leukemic cases, 61.1%, 23.2, 6.3%, 4.2%, and 5.3% were CLL, ALL, CML, AML, and other HM types, respectively. In this study, there was no trend. CONCLUSION We concluded that lymphoma was the dominant type of hematological malignancy observed in northwest Ethiopia. The study indicated that the majority of cases were observed among male, urban residents, and adult populations aged 18-45 years. Therefore, special focus should be given to the highly affected population. Further, a prospective cohort study should be conducted for a better understanding of the prevalence and associated factors to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamlaku Enawgaw
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melak Aynalem
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fikir Asrie
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Abebe
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aregawi Yalew
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tiruzer Bekele
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Mesfin
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Unit of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Shiferaw
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mediratta RP, Amare AT, Behl R, Efron B, Narasimhan B, Teklu A, Shehibo A, Ayalew M, Kache S. Derivation and validation of a prognostic score for neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32434513 PMCID: PMC7237621 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early warning scores for neonatal mortality have not been designed for low income countries. We developed and validated a score to predict mortality upon admission to a NICU in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study at the University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. Neonates hospitalized in the NICU between January 1, 2016 to June 31, 2017. Cases were neonates who died and controls were neonates who survived. Results Univariate logistic regression identified variables associated with mortality. The final model was developed with stepwise logistic regression. We created the Neonatal Mortality Score, which ranged from 0 to 52, from the model’s coefficients. Bootstrap analysis internally validated the model. The discrimination and calibration were calculated. In the derivation dataset, there were 207 cases and 605 controls. Variables associated with mortality were admission level of consciousness, admission respiratory distress, gestational age, and birthweight. The AUC for neonatal mortality using these variables in aggregate was 0.88 (95% CI 0.85–0.91). The model achieved excellent discrimination (bias-corrected AUC) under internal validation. Using a cut-off of 12, the sensitivity and specificity of the Neonatal Mortality Score was 81 and 80%, respectively. The AUC for the Neonatal Mortality Score was 0.88 (95% CI 0.85–0.91), with similar bias-corrected AUC. In the validation dataset, there were 124 cases and 122 controls, the final model and the Neonatal Mortality Score had similar discrimination and calibration. Conclusions We developed, internally validated, and externally validated a score that predicts neonatal mortality upon NICU admission with excellent discrimination and calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi P Mediratta
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Ashenafi Tazebew Amare
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rasika Behl
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bradley Efron
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Alemayehu Teklu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulkadir Shehibo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Ayalew
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Saraswati Kache
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Stanford, California, USA
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Ayalew M, Le-Niculescu H, Levey DF, Jain N, Changala B, Patel SD, Winiger E, Breier A, Shekhar A, Amdur R, Koller D, Nurnberger JI, Corvin A, Geyer M, Tsuang MT, Salomon D, Schork NJ, Fanous AH, O'Donovan MC, Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomics of schizophrenia: from comprehensive understanding to genetic risk prediction. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:887-905. [PMID: 22584867 PMCID: PMC3427857 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used a translational convergent functional genomics (CFG) approach to identify and prioritize genes involved in schizophrenia, by gene-level integration of genome-wide association study data with other genetic and gene expression studies in humans and animal models. Using this polyevidence scoring and pathway analyses, we identify top genes (DISC1, TCF4, MBP, MOBP, NCAM1, NRCAM, NDUFV2, RAB18, as well as ADCYAP1, BDNF, CNR1, COMT, DRD2, DTNBP1, GAD1, GRIA1, GRIN2B, HTR2A, NRG1, RELN, SNAP-25, TNIK), brain development, myelination, cell adhesion, glutamate receptor signaling, G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and cAMP-mediated signaling as key to pathophysiology and as targets for therapeutic intervention. Overall, the data are consistent with a model of disrupted connectivity in schizophrenia, resulting from the effects of neurodevelopmental environmental stress on a background of genetic vulnerability. In addition, we show how the top candidate genes identified by CFG can be used to generate a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) to aid schizophrenia diagnostics, with predictive ability in independent cohorts. The GRPS also differentiates classic age of onset schizophrenia from early onset and late-onset disease. We also show, in three independent cohorts, two European American and one African American, increasing overlap, reproducibility and consistency of findings from single-nucleotide polymorphisms to genes, then genes prioritized by CFG, and ultimately at the level of biological pathways and mechanisms. Finally, we compared our top candidate genes for schizophrenia from this analysis with top candidate genes for bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders from previous CFG analyses conducted by us, as well as findings from the fields of autism and Alzheimer. Overall, our work maps the genomic and biological landscape for schizophrenia, providing leads towards a better understanding of illness, diagnostics and therapeutics. It also reveals the significant genetic overlap with other major psychiatric disorder domains, suggesting the need for improved nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ayalew
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B Changala
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E Winiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Amdur
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A H Fanous
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M C O'Donovan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Le-Niculescu H, Balaraman Y, Patel SD, Ayalew M, Gupta J, Kuczenski R, Shekhar A, Schork N, Geyer MA, Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomics of anxiety disorders: translational identification of genes, biomarkers, pathways and mechanisms. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e9. [PMID: 22832404 PMCID: PMC3309477 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent and disabling yet understudied from a genetic standpoint, compared with other major psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The fact that they are more common, diverse and perceived as embedded in normal life may explain this relative oversight. In addition, as for other psychiatric disorders, there are technical challenges related to the identification and validation of candidate genes and peripheral biomarkers. Human studies, particularly genetic ones, are susceptible to the issue of being underpowered, because of genetic heterogeneity, the effect of variable environmental exposure on gene expression, and difficulty of accrual of large, well phenotyped cohorts. Animal model gene expression studies, in a genetically homogeneous and experimentally tractable setting, can avoid artifacts and provide sensitivity of detection. Subsequent translational integration of the animal model datasets with human genetic and gene expression datasets can ensure cross-validatory power and specificity for illness. We have used a pharmacogenomic mouse model (involving treatments with an anxiogenic drug--yohimbine, and an anti-anxiety drug--diazepam) as a discovery engine for identification of anxiety candidate genes as well as potential blood biomarkers. Gene expression changes in key brain regions for anxiety (prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus) and blood were analyzed using a convergent functional genomics (CFG) approach, which integrates our new data with published human and animal model data, as a translational strategy of cross-matching and prioritizing findings. Our work identifies top candidate genes (such as FOS, GABBR1, NR4A2, DRD1, ADORA2A, QKI, RGS2, PTGDS, HSPA1B, DYNLL2, CCKBR and DBP), brain-blood biomarkers (such as FOS, QKI and HSPA1B), pathways (such as cAMP signaling) and mechanisms for anxiety disorders--notably signal transduction and reactivity to environment, with a prominent role for the hippocampus. Overall, this work complements our previous similar work (on bipolar mood disorders and schizophrenia) conducted over the last decade. It concludes our programmatic first pass mapping of the genomic landscape of the triad of major psychiatric disorder domains using CFG, and permitted us to uncover the significant genetic overlap between anxiety and these other major psychiatric disorders, notably the under-appreciated overlap with schizophrenia. PDE10A, TAC1 and other genes uncovered by our work provide a molecular basis for the frequently observed clinical co-morbidity and interdependence between anxiety and other major psychiatric disorders, and suggest schizo-anxiety as a possible new nosological domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y Balaraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Ayalew
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Kuczenski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Shekhar
- Indiana Clinical Translational Science Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N Schork
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. E-mail:
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Tadesse N, Ali K, Gorfu D, Abraham A, Lencho A, Ayalew M, Yusuf A, Makkouk KM, Kumari SG. First Report of Soybean Dwarf Virus Infecting Lentil and Beet Western Yellows Virus Infecting Lentil and Chickpea Crops in Ethiopia. Plant Dis 1999; 83:589. [PMID: 30849845 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.589b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A survey conducted during November 14-23, 1998, to identify viruses infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and lentil (Lens culinaris) crops in the Shewa province of Ethiopia covered 33 chickpea and 32 lentil fields randomly selected. Identity of the viruses present and virus incidence were determined on the basis of laboratory testing of 100 to 200 randomly collected samples in addition to 15 to 20 symptomatic samples from each field. A total of 5,427 lentil and 3,836 chickpea samples were collected and tested for the presence of 12 different viruses by tissue blot immunoassay (1) at the Plant Pathology Laboratory in Debre Zeit Agriculture Research Center, Ethiopia. All antisera were virus specific, including those for beet western yellows virus (BWYV; ATCC PVAS-647) and soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; ATCC PVAS-650). More than 21% of the samples from 5 chickpea fields were infected; the most common virus was BWYV. Also, at least 21% of the samples from 11 lentil fields were virus positive; the most widespread virus was PSbMV. Highest rates of infection: of lentil in a single field, PSbMV in 58.5% of the samples; in a chickpea field, 41.3% of the samples positive for BWYV. Other viruses such as faba bean necrotic yellows nanovirus (FBNYV) and broad bean wilt fabavirus in chickpea and FBNYV, broad bean stain comovirus, bean yellow mosaic potyvirus, and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus in lentil were detected at very low incidence. Reference: (1) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Ali
- EARO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - A Yusuf
- Alemaya University of Agriculture, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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