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Sarkar S, Koehler J, Vasudevan N. Ambulatory Risk Stratification for Worsening Heart Failure in Patients with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Diagnostic Parameters Available in Implantable Cardiac Monitors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:771. [PMID: 38611683 PMCID: PMC11012110 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambulatory risk stratification for worsening heart failure (HF) using diagnostics measured by insertable cardiac monitors (ICM) may depend on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We evaluated risk stratification performance in patients with reduced versus preserved LVEF. METHODS ICM patients with a history of HF events (HFEs) were included from the Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset merged with ICM device-collected data during 2007-2021. ICM measures nighttime heart rate (NHR), heart rate variability (HRV), atrial fibrillation (AF) burden, rate during AF, and activity duration (ACT) daily. Each diagnostic was categorized into high, medium, or low risk using previously defined features. HFEs were HF-related inpatient, observation unit, or emergency department stays with IV diuresis administration. Patients were divided into two cohorts: LVEF ≤ 40% and LVEF > 40%. A marginal Cox proportional hazards model compared HFEs for different risk groups. RESULTS A total of 1020 ICM patients with 18,383 follow-up months and 301 months with HFEs (1.6%) were included. Monthly evaluations with a high risk were 2.3, 4.2, 5.0, and 4.5 times (p < 0.001 for all) more likely to have HFEs in the next 30 days compared to those with a low risk for AF, ACT, NHR, and HRV, respectively. HFE rates were higher for patients with LVEF > 40% compared to LVEF ≤ 40% (2.0% vs. 1.3%), and the relative risk between high-risk and low-risk for each diagnostic parameter was higher for patients with LVEF ≤ 40%. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostics measured by ICM identified patients at risk for impending HFEs. Patients with preserved LVEF showed a higher absolute risk, and the relative risk between risk groups was higher in patients with reduced LVEF.
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Jachak GR, Kashinath K, Vasudevan N, Athawale PR, Choudhury R, Dange SS, Agarwal H, Barthwal MK, Reddy DS. Comprehensive Study on Solomonamides: Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Revision, and SAR Studies toward Identification of Simplified Lead. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17088-17133. [PMID: 38051995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Solomonamides, a pair of macrocyclic peptide natural products originating from marine sources, have garnered significant attention within the synthetic community owing to their marked anti-inflammatory efficacy and intricate molecular architectures. In this paper, we present a very detailed investigation into solomonamides, including the challenges associated with the total synthesis, the evolution of our synthetic strategies, structural reassignment, synthesis of all possible stereoisomeric macrocycles, biological assessment, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, etc. Within the ambit of this total synthesis, diverse strategies for macrocyclization were rigorously explored, encompassing the Friedel-Crafts acylation, cyclization involving the aniline NH2 moiety, macrolactamization utilizing Gly-NH2, and Heck macrocyclization methodologies. In addition, an array of intriguing chemical transformations were devised, including but not limited to photo-Fries rearrangement, Wacker oxidation, ligand-free Heck macrocyclization, oxidative cleavage of indole, synthesis of contiguous stereocenters via substrate/reagent-controlled protocols, and simultaneous making and breaking of olefinic moieties. The findings of this investigation revealed a structurally simplified lead compound. Remarkably, the lead compound, while possessing structural simplification in comparison to the intricate solomonamide counterparts, demonstrates equipotent in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorakhnath R Jachak
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K Kashinath
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - N Vasudevan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Paresh R Athawale
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rahul Choudhury
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Santoshkumar S Dange
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Heena Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
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Vasudevan N, Motiwala Z, Ramesh R, Wagh SB, Shingare RD, Katte R, Anand A, Choudhary S, Kumar A, Gokhale RS, Kulkarni KA, Reddy DS. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of silicon incorporated diarylpyrroles as MmpL3 inhibitors: An effective strategy towards development of potent anti-tubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115633. [PMID: 37524010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing global demand for new molecules to treat tuberculosis has created an urgent need to develop novel strategies to combat the menace. BM212 related compounds were found to be potent anti-TB agents and they inhibit mycolic acid transporter, MmpL3, a known potent drug target from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to enhance their inhibitory potency, several silicon analogues of diarylpyrroles related to BM212 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-tubercular activities. In Alamar blue assay, most of the silicon-incorporated compounds were found to be more potent than the parent compound (BM212), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC = 1.7 μM, H37Rv). Docking results from the crystal structure of MmpL3 and silicon analogues as pharmacophore model also strongly correlate with the biological assays and suggest that the incorporation of silicon in the inhibitor scaffold could enhance their potency by stabilizing the hydrophobic residues at the binding pocket. The best docking hit, compound 12 showed an MIC of 0.1 μM against H37Rv with an acceptable in vitro ADME profile and excellent selectivity index. Overall, the present study indicates that, the designed silicon analogues, especially compound 12 could be a good inhibitor for an intrinsically flexible drug-binding pocket of MmpL3 and has potential for further development as anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Zenia Motiwala
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Remya Ramesh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin B Wagh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Rahul D Shingare
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Revansiddha Katte
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Amitesh Anand
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sushil Choudhary
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Rd, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Rd, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Immunometabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kiran A Kulkarni
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Paymode DJ, Vasudevan N, Ahmad S, Kadam AL, Cardoso FS, Burns JM, Cook DW, Stringham RW, Snead DR. Toward a Practical, Two-Step Process for Molnupiravir: Direct Hydroxamination of Cytidine Followed by Selective Esterification. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh J. Paymode
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - N. Vasudevan
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Appasaheb L. Kadam
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Flavio S.P. Cardoso
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Justina M. Burns
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Daniel W. Cook
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Rodger W. Stringham
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David R. Snead
- Medicines For All Institute, 737 N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Paymode DJ, Chang L, Chen D, Wang B, Kashinath K, Gopalsamuthiram V, McQuade DT, Vasudevan N, Ahmad S, Snead DR. Application of Vinamidinium Salt Chemistry for a Palladium Free Synthesis of Anti-Malarial MMV048: A "Bottom-Up" Approach. Org Lett 2021; 23:5400-5404. [PMID: 34185545 PMCID: PMC9385109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
MMV390048 (1) is a clinical compound under investigation
for antimalarial activity. A new synthetic route was developed which
couples two aromatic fragments while forming the central pyridine
ring over two steps. This sequence takes advantage of raw materials
used in the existing etoricoxib supply chain and eliminates the need
for palladium catalysts, which were projected to be major cost-drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh J Paymode
- Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Co. Ltd., Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, P. R. of China
| | - Dan Chen
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Co. Ltd., Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, P. R. of China
| | - Binglin Wang
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Co. Ltd., Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, P. R. of China
| | - Komirishetty Kashinath
- Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | | | - D Tyler McQuade
- Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - N Vasudevan
- Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David R Snead
- Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Pachpande S, Somaraj N, Vasudevan N, Quadros G. New Distribution Record of Orchid Aerides maculosa on Mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa from ‘Dungobachi Rai’, Sindhudurg India. ambi 2021. [DOI: 10.21276/ambi.2021.08.2.aa02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Vasudevan N, Aka EC, Barré E, Wimmer E, Cortés-Borda D, Giraudeau P, Farjon J, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Felpin FX. Development of a continuous flow synthesis of FGIN-1-27 enabled by in-line 19F NMR analyses and optimization algorithms. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow synthesis of FGIN-1-27 has been developed using enabling technologies such as real-time in-line benchtop 19F NMR analysis and an optimization algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vasudevan
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Ehu C. Aka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Universidad del Atlántico, Facultad de ciencias básicas, Carrera 30 # 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | | | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
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8
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Vasudevan N, Wimmer E, Barré E, Cortés‐Borda D, Rodriguez‐Zubiri M, Felpin F. Direct C−H Arylation of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid Derivatives Enabled by an Autonomous Self‐Optimizing Flow Reactor. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Vasudevan
- Université de Nantes CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Université de Nantes CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Daniel Cortés‐Borda
- Université de Nantes CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
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9
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Vasudevan N, Sulaiman R, Chong G, Adzahan N, Shaari N. Development of foam mat dried soursop powder using arabic gum and fish gelatin as foaming agent. Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.4(s1).s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soursop is also known as Annona muricata from Annonaceae family. Soursop flavour has
been described as a combination of strawberry and pineapple, with sour citrus flavor. The
foam mat drying is a process in which the transformation of products from liquid to stable
foam followed by air drying. The foam mat drying process is reported to be considerably
cheaper than vacuum, freeze and spray drying methods. Foam mat drying was done using
different foaming agents at various concentration: fish gelatin (FG: 5, 10, 15, 20%) and
arabic gum (AG: 2, 4, 6, 8%). Foam properties and physicochemical properties such as
bulk density, tap density, pH, moisture content, water activity, total phenolic content,
color and flowability of powder were analyzed. Increasing the concentration of foaming
agents showed a decreasing trend of the total phenolic contents and the value ranges from
222 to 453 mg GAE/100 g. Soursop powder with fish gelatin has higher total phenolic
content compared to sample with Arabic gum. Soursop powder with both foaming agents
showed an excellent flowability.
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Vasudevan N, Ahlqvist GP, McGeough CP, Paymode DJ, Cardoso FSP, Lucas T, Dietz JP, Opatz T, Jamison TF, Gupton FB, Snead DR. A concise route to MK-4482 (EIDD-2801) from cytidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13363-13364. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05944g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A two-step route to MK-4482 (EIDD-2801, 1) was developed consisting of an esterification and hydroxamination of cytidine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace P. Ahlqvist
- Department of Chemistry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Lucas
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- Mainz 55128
- Germany
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- Mainz 55128
- Germany
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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Diraviya Raj K, Mathews G, Selva Bharath M, Sawant RD, Bhave V, Apte D, Vasudevan N, Patterson Edward JK. Climate Change-Induced Coral Bleaching in Malvan Marine Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i02/384-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
A continuous flow ozonolysis method combined with a multi-step flow sequence is developed for the synthesis of the drug ivacaftor for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vasudevan
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Mrityunjay K. Sharma
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Amol A. Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
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Vasudevan N, Jachak GR, Reddy DS. Breaking and Making of Rings: A Method for the Preparation of 4-Quinolone-3-carboxylic Acid Amides and the Expensive Drug Ivacaftor. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Balakrishnan S, Vasudevan N, Ranganathan L, Govindarajan S, Arjundas D, Bhanu K. Study on clinical, MRI and Bbopsy correlation in inherited muscle disease. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Vasudevan N, Balakrishnan S, Ranganathan L, Leemapauline C, Arjundas D, Bhanu K. A case series of Joubert syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The objective of this review is to throw light upon the global concern of heavy metal-contaminated sites and their remediation through an ecofriendly approach. Accumulated heavy metals in soil and water bodies gain entry through the food chain and pose serious threat to all forms of life. This has engendered interest in phytoremediation techniques where hyperaccumulators are used. Constructed wetland has a pivotal role and is a cost-effective technique in the remediation of heavy metals. Metal availability and mobility are influenced by the addition of chelating agents, which enhance the availability of metal uptake. This review helps in identifying the critical knowledge gaps and areas to enhance research in the future to develop strategies such as genetically engineered hyperaccumulators to attain an environment devoid of heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Usharani
- a Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University , Chennai , India
| | - N Vasudevan
- a Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University , Chennai , India
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vasudevan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division
of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - K. Kashinath
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division
of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division
of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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Kashinath K, Vasudevan N, Reddy DS. Studies toward the Synthesis of Potent Anti-inflammatory Peptides Solomonamides A and B: Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Skeleton and Key Fragment 4-Amino-6-(2′-amino-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxohexanoic Acid (AHMOA). Org Lett 2012; 14:6222-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kashinath
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - N. Vasudevan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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Vasudevan N, Kanimozhi R. Decolourisation of azo dye, Acid Red-18 by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Environ Sci Eng 2011; 53:349-354. [PMID: 23029937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of wood rotting fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium to decolourise azo dye, Acid Red -18 was investigated. The optimal parameters (pH and cell load) required for effective decolourisation were determined. The strain was capable of decolourising dye over a pH range of 4-6 and decolourisation was rather fast, more than 90% in all cases. The optimal pH 5 and cell load of 2.4 x 10(6) spores/mL is required for complete decolourisation of 100 micromol of azo dye Acid Red-18 at a temperature of 37 degrees C. The fungus proved to be capable of both biodegradation and biosorption, and biosorption was found to be the major dye removal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai--600 025, India.
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Arulazhagan P, Vasudevan N. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a halotolerant bacterial strain Ochrobactrum sp. VA1. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:388-394. [PMID: 20934193 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment and are derived from both man-made and natural resources. The present study is focused on the degradation of PAHs by a halotolerant bacterial strain under saline conditions. The bacterial strain VA1 was isolated from a PAH-degrading consortium that was enriched from marine water samples that were collected from different sites at Chennai, India. In the present study, a clearing zone formed on PAH-amended mineral salt agar media confirmed the utilization of PAH by the bacterial strain VA1. The results show that the strain VA1 was able to degrade anthracene (88%), phenanthrene (98%), naphthalene (90%), fluorene (97%), pyrene (84%), benzo(k)fluoranthene (57%) and benzo(e)pyrene (50%) at a 30 g/L NaCl concentration. The present study reveals that the VA1 strain was able to degrade PAHs in petroleum wastewater under saline conditions. The promising PAH-degrading halotolerant bacterial strain, VA1, was identified as Ochrobactrum sp. using biochemical and molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arulazhagan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Arulazhagan P, Vasudevan N. Role of a moderately halophilic bacterial consortium in the biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Mar Pollut Bull 2009; 58:256-262. [PMID: 18995870 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, and most high molecular weight PAHs cause mutagenic, teratogenic and potentially carcinogenic effects. While several strains have been identified that degrade PAHs, the present study is focused on the degradation of PAHs in a marine environment by a moderately halophilic bacterial consortium. The bacterial consortium was isolated from a mixture of marine water samples collected from seven different sites in Chennai, India. The low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs phenanthrene and fluorine, and the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene were selected for the degradation study. The consortium metabolized both LMW and HMW PAHs. The consortium was also able to degrade PAHs present in crude oil-contaminated saline wastewater. The bacterial consortium was able to degrade 80% of HMW PAHs and 100% of LMW PAHs in the saline wastewater. The strains present in the consortium were identified as Ochrobactrum sp., Enterobacter cloacae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. This study reveals that these bacteria have the potential to degrade different PAHs in saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arulazhagan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai - 600 025, India.
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Jayashree R, Vasudevan N. Persistence and distribution of endosulfan under field condition. Environ Monit Assess 2007; 131:475-87. [PMID: 17171258 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increase in industrialization and agricultural activities to meet the population need has led to environmental pollution. The major revolution in agricultural production is mainly due to increased use of pesticides and fertilizers. Soil act as a major sink for majority of pesticides applied on agricultural crops. Among the organochlorines, endosulfan is the most commonly used pesticide, hence this study concentrates on the persistence and distribution behaviour of endosulfan under field conditions. The result showed that the alpha endosulfan concentrations were very minimum (0.98 mg/kg of soil) in all the four fields under study (Nazarath, Othikadu, Ekkadu and Ekkadukandigai of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu). Where as beta endosulfan concentration at the time of application was 6.39 mg/kg and declined to 0.8 mg/kg on soil at 150th day. The endosulfan sulfate concentration was 11.8 mg/kg in soil at 15th day and then concentration declined to 2.2 mg/kg at 150th day. Field run-off samples showed maximum residue levels (0.024 mg/l) at the early irrigation period. While plant foliar parts showed maximum concentrations of alpha-endosulfan (43.4 mg/kg), beta-endosulfan (40.6 mg/kg) and endosulfan sulfate (20.1 mg/kg). At harvest stage, rice grain and husk also had lower concentrations of endosulfan sulfate (2.2 and 0.09 mg/kg), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayashree
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lefebvre O, Vasudevan N, Thanasekaran K, Moletta R, Godon JJ. Microbial diversity in hypersaline wastewater: the example of tanneries. Extremophiles 2007; 10:505-13. [PMID: 16738814 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to conventional wastewater treatment plants and saline environments, little is known regarding the microbial diversity of hypersaline wastewater. In this study, the microbial communities of a hypersaline tannery effluent, and those of three treatment systems operating with the tannery effluent, were investigated using 16S rDNA phylogenetic markers. The comparative analysis of 377 bacterial sequences revealed the high diversity of this type of hypersaline environment, clustering within 193 phylotypes (> or = 97% similarity) and covering 14 of the 52 divisions of the bacterial domain, i.e. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes, Synergistes, Chloroflexi, Thermotogae, Verrucomicrobia, OP3, OP11 and TM7. Most of the phylotypes were related to halophilic and pollutant-degrading bacteria. Using statistical analysis, the diversity of this type of environment was compared to that of other environmental samples selected on the basis of their salinity, oxygen content and organic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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Vasudevan N, Bharathi S, Arulazhagan P. Role of plasmid in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by Pseudomonas fluorescens NS1. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2007; 42:1141-6. [PMID: 17616886 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701418649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study the role of plasmid in Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolated from petroleum contaminated soil on hexadecane degradation was assessed. The organism was able to utilize hexadecane as sole carbon source and also reduce surface tension up to 27 mN/m. The organism harboured a plasmid of approximately 1.8 kb. Plasmid curing and transformation of plasmid DNA into E. coli revealed that the plasmid was involved in hexadecane degradation. When compared to P. fluorescens, no significant growth was observed with wild-type E. coli strain. P. fluorescens degraded 95% of hexadecane (0.4% (v/v)) whereas the transformed strain degraded 92% of hexadecane in 120 h, which was almost equivalent to the degradation by P. fluorescens. The wild-type E. coli showed no significant degradation of hexadecane whereas, the plasmid transformed E. coli was able to degrade hexadecane, which indicates the expression of the catabolic genes in the transformed E. coli strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India.
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Jayashree R, Vasudevan N. Organochlorine pesticide residues in ground water of Thiruvallur district, India. Environ Monit Assess 2007; 128:209-15. [PMID: 17016752 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture practices reveal an increase in use of pesticides and fertilizers to meet the food demand of increasing population which results in contamination of the environment. In India crop production increased to 100% but the cropping area has increased marginally by 20%. Pesticides have played a major role in achieving the maximum crop production, but maximum usage and accumulation of pesticide residues was highly detrimental to aquatic and other ecosystem. The present study was chosen to know the level of organochlorines contamination in ground water of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The samples were highly contaminated with DDT, HCH, endosulfan and their derivatives. Among the HCH derivatives, Gamma HCH residues was found maximum of 9.8 microg/l in Arumbakkam open wells. Concentrations of pp-DDT and op-DDT were 14.3 microg/l and 0.8 microg/l. The maximum residue (15.9 microg/l) of endosulfan sulfate was recorded in Kandigai village bore well. The study showed that the ground water samples were highly contaminated with organochlorine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayashree
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lefebvre O, Vasudevan N, Torrijos M, Thanasekaran K, Moletta R. Anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor with an aerobic post-treatment. Water Res 2006; 40:1492-500. [PMID: 16563462 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The leather industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy due to its massive potential for employment, growth and exports. The potential environmental impact of tanning is significant. This study focuses on tannery soak liquor, generated by the soaking of hides and skins, which is characterised by high organic load and high salinity. For these reasons, the soak liquor should be segregated and pre-treated separately before being mixed with the composite wastewater, made of all other streams mixed together. The anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor was studied using a UASB. COD removal reached 78% at an OLR of 0.5 kg COD m(-3) d(-1), a HRT of 5 days and a TDS concentration of 71 gl(-1). The combination of the UASB with an aerobic post-treatment enhanced the performance of the overall wastewater treatment process and the COD removal efficiency of the combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment system reached 96%. However, for effective operation, the system had to be operated at very low OLRs, which affects the economic viability of such a process.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Avenue des Etangs, 11 100 Narbonne, France
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Lefebvre O, Vasudevan N, Torrijos M, Thanasekaran K, Moletta R. Halophilic biological treatment of tannery soak liquor in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Res 2005; 39:1471-80. [PMID: 15878018 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Revised: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline wastewater (i.e. wastewater containing more than 35 gl(-1) total dissolved solids (TDS)) is generated by various industrial activities. This wastewater, rich in both organic matter and TDS, is difficult to treat using conventional biological wastewater treatment processes. Among the industries generating hypersaline effluents, tanneries are prominent in India. In this study, tannery wastewater from soak pit was treated in a lab-scale SBR for the removal of organic matter. The characterisation of the soak liquor showed that this effluent is biodegradable, though not easily, and highly variable, depending on the origin and the nature of the hides. TDS was in the range of 21-57 gl(-1) and COD was in the range of 1.5-3.6 gl(-1). This soak liquor was biologically treated in an aerobic sequencing batch reactor seeded with halophilic bacteria, and the performance of the system was evaluated under different operating conditions with changes in hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate and salt concentration. The changes in salinity appeared to affect the removal of organic matter more than the changes in hydraulic retention time or organic loading rate. Despite the variations in the characteristics of the soak liquor, the reactor achieved proper removal of organic matter, once the acclimation of the microorganisms was achieved. Optimum removal efficiencies of 95%, 93%, 96% and 92% on COD, PO4 3-, TKN and SS, respectively, could be reached with 5 days hydraulic retention time (HRT), an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.6 kg COD m(-3)d(-1) and 34 g NaCl l(-1). The organisms responsible for nitrogen removal appeared to be the most sensitive to the modifications of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avenue des Etangs, 11 100 Narbonne, France
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Mutnuri S, Vasudevan N, Kaestner M. Degradation of anthracene and pyrene supplied by microcrystals and non-aqueous-phase liquids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 67:569-76. [PMID: 15729557 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are worldwide environmental pollutants. Their bioavailability is limited by a low aqueous solubility, which causes specific adaptations in degrading bacteria. To compare bacterial degrading behavior, a study was conducted on the mineralization, metabolization and formation of biomass from (14)C-anthracene by Sphingomonas sp. BA2 compared with those from (14)C-pyrene by Gordonia-like strain BP9 and Mycobacterium gilvum VF1. Different conditions of PAH supply were used in the medium: crystals <0.5 mm, microcrystals <<0.1 mm formed by sonication, or PAH solubilized in 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) or silicone oil. Anthracene supply by crystals and silicone oil led to similar maximum mineralization rates 33 ng ml(-1) h(-1) and the same amount of mineralization (24%) after 168 h. Microcrystals increased the rates and amounts only slightly. HMN decreased the values to less than one-third. In comparison with crystals, microcrystals increased overall pyrene mineralization by strain BP9 from 53% to 58%, with maximum mineralization rates of 160 ng ml(-1) h(-1) and 166 ng ml(-1) h(-1). Silicone oil heavily increased the rate to 292 ng ml(-1) h(-1) and the amount mineralized to 71%, whereas HMN inhibited the degradation by one order of magnitude. A similar degradation behavior showing lower mineralization rates and extent was observed with strain VF1. However, inhibition by HMN was less pronounced. Sonication, leading to decreased PAH crystal size, increased the mass transfer and mineralization rates. PAH supply by silicone oil led to a much higher mass transfer, which may be due to emulsification of the oil, whereas such effects were not observed with HMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Mutnuri
- Department of Bioremediation, UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
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Mutnuri S, Vasudevan N, Kastner M, Heipieper HJ. Changes in fatty acid composition of Chromohalobacter israelensis with varying salt concentrations. Curr Microbiol 2005; 50:151-4. [PMID: 15717227 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-004-4396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation of fatty acid composition of Chromohalobacter israelensis, a euryhalophilic bacterium, grown at different salt concentrations was studied. C. israelensis tolerated NaCl up to concentrations of 20% (w/v) and showed optimal growth at 7% (w/v). Major fatty acids of this bacterium were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), palmetoleic acid (16:1cisDelta9), and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1Delta11). The salt concentration strongly influenced the fatty acid composition. In the presence of sub-optimal salt concentrations, the degree of saturation decreased, suggesting the importance of salt in maintaining the osmotic balance of the cell with its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Mutnuri
- Department of Bioremediation, UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Barathi S, Vasudevan N. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil by bioaugmentation of Pseudomonas fluorescens NS1. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2003; 38:1857-1866. [PMID: 12940487 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120022884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Pseudomonas fluorescens NS1 bioaugmented to stimulate in situ bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil with different amendments in treatment units. Pure culture of P. fluorescens NS1 was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil. The rate of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by the indigenous soil microflora and in the presence of P. fluorescens NS1 was assessed with the addition of nutrients and bulking agents for a period of about 35 days. The study showed that addition of wheat bran as bulking agent rapidly enhanced bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil compared to amendments in other treatment units.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barathi
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Vasudevan N, Kia HK, Inoue S, Muramatsu M, Pfaff D. Isoform specificity for oestrogen receptor and thyroid hormone receptor genes and their interactions on the NR2D gene promoter. J Neuroendocrinol 2002; 14:836-42. [PMID: 12372009 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogens are critical for the display of lordosis behaviour and, in recent years, have also been shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity. In the brain, the regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors has consequences for excitatory neurotransmission. Oestrogen regulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2D (NR2D) has generated considerable interest as a possible molecular mechanism by which synaptic plasticity can be modulated. Since more than one isoform of the oestrogen receptor (ER) exists in mammals, it is possible that oestrogen regulation via the ERalpha and ERbeta isoforms on the NR2D oestrogen response element (ERE) is not equivalent. In the kidney fibroblast (CV1) cell line, we show that in response to 17beta-oestradiol, only ERalpha, not ERbeta, could upregulate transcription from the ERE which is in the 3' untranslated region of the NR2D gene. When this ERE is in the 5' position, neither ERalpha nor ERbeta showed transactivation capacity. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) modulation of ER mediated induction has been shown for other ER target genes, such as the preproenkephalin and oxytocin receptor genes. Since the various TR isoforms exhibit distinct roles, we hypothesized that TR modulation of ER induction may also be isoform specific. This is indeed the case. The TRalpha1 isoform stimulated ERalpha mediated induction from the 3'-ERE whereas the TRbeta1 isoform inhibited this induction. This study shows that isoforms of both the ER and TR have different transactivation properties. Such flexible regulation and crosstalk by nuclear receptor isoforms leads to different transcriptional outcomes and the combinatorial logic may aid neuroendocrine integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Vasudevan N, Davidkova G, Zhu YS, Koibuchi N, Chin WW, Pfaff D. Differential interaction of estrogen receptor and thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on the rat oxytocin receptor promoter leads to differences in transcriptional regulation. Neuroendocrinology 2001; 74:309-24. [PMID: 11694763 DOI: 10.1159/000054698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both the estrogen receptor (ER) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Two isoforms of the ER, alpha and beta, exist. The TRalpha and beta isoforms are products of two distinct genes that are further differentially spliced to give TRalpha1 and alpha2, TRbeta1 and beta2. The TRs have been shown to interfere with ER-mediated transcription from both the consensus estrogen response element (ERE) and the rat preproenkephalin (PPE) promoter, possibly by competing with ER binding to the ERE or by squelching coactivators essential for ER-mediated transcription. The rat oxytocin receptor (OTR) gene is thought to be involved in several facets of reproductive and affiliative behaviors. 17beta-Estradiol-bound ERs upregulate the OTR gene in the ventromedial hypothalamus, a region critical for the induction of lordosis behavior in several species. We investigated the effects of the ligand-binding TR isoforms on the ER-mediated transcription from a physiological promoter of a behaviorally relevant gene such as the OTR. Only ERalpha could induce the OTR gene in two cell lines tested, the CV-1 and the SK-N-BE2C neuroblastoma cell lines. ERbeta was incapable of inducing the gene in either cell line. ERalpha is therefore not equivalent to ERbeta on this physiological promoter. Indeed, in the neural cell line, ERbeta can inhibit ERalpha-mediated induction from the OTR promoter. While the TRalpha1 isoform inhibited ERalpha-mediated induction in the neural cell line, the TRbeta1 isoform stimulated induction, thus demonstrating isoform specificity in the interaction. The use of a DNA-binding mutant, the TR P box mutant, showed that inhibition of ERalpha-mediated induction of the rat OTR gene promoter by the TRalpha1 isoform does not require DNA-binding ability. SRC-1 overexpression relieved TRalpha1-mediated inhibition in both cell lines, suggesting that squelching for coactivators is an important molecular mechanism in TRalpha-mediated inhibition. Such interactions between TR and ER isoforms on the rat OTR promoter provide a mechanism to achieve neuroendocrine integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10021, USA.
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Vasudevan N, Koibuchi N, Chin WW, Pfaff DW. Differential crosstalk between estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and ERbeta and the thyroid hormone receptor isoforms results in flexible regulation of the consensus ERE. Molecular Brain Research 2001; 95:9-17. [PMID: 11687272 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between nuclear receptors is important for conversion of external and internal stimuli to a physiologically meaningful response by cells. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated crosstalk between the estrogen (ER) and thyroid hormone receptors (TR) on two estrogen responsive physiological promoters, the preproenkephalin and oxytocin receptor gene promoter. Since ERalpha and ERbeta are isoforms possessing overlapping and distinct transactivation properties, we hypothesized that the interaction of ERalpha and beta with the various TR isoforms would not be equivalent. To explore this hypothesis, the consensus estrogen response element (ERE) derived from the Xenopus vitellogenin gene is used to investigate the differences in interaction between ERalpha and beta isoforms and the different TR isoforms in fibroblast cells. Both the ER isoforms transactivate from the consensus ERE, though ERalpha transactivates to a greater extent than ERbeta. Although neither of the TRbeta isoforms have an effect on ERalpha transactivation from the consensus ERE, the liganded TRalpha1 inhibits the ERalpha transactivation from the consensus ERE. In contrast, the liganded TRalpha1 facilitates ERbeta-mediated transactivation. The crosstalk between the TRbeta isoforms with the ERalpha isoform, on the consensus ERE, is different from that with the ERbeta isoform. The use of a TRalpha1 mutant, which is unable to bind DNA, abolishes the ability of the TRalpha1 isoform to interact with either of the ER isoforms. These differences in nuclear receptor crosstalk reveal an important functional difference between isoforms, which provides a novel mechanism for neuroendocrine integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Vasudevan N, Kow LM, Pfaff DW. Early membrane estrogenic effects required for full expression of slower genomic actions in a nerve cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12267-71. [PMID: 11572951 PMCID: PMC59803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221449798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpretations of steroid hormone actions as slow, nuclear, transcriptional events have frequently been seen as competing against inferences of rapid membrane actions. We have discovered conditions where membrane-limited effects potentiate later transcriptional actions in a nerve cell line. Making use of a two-pulse hormonal schedule in a transfection system, early and brief administration of conjugated, membrane-limited estradiol was necessary but not sufficient for full transcriptional potency of the second estrogen pulse. Efficacy of the first pulse depended on intact signal transduction pathways. Surprisingly, the actions of both pulses were blocked by a classical estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist. Thus, two different modes of steroid hormone action can synergize.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Vasudevan N, Zhu YS, Daniel S, Koibuchi N, Chin WW, Pfaff D. Crosstalk between oestrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptor isoforms results in differential regulation of the preproenkephalin gene. J Neuroendocrinol 2001; 13:779-90. [PMID: 11578528 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors, which have the potential to integrate internal metabolic events in an organism, with consequences for control of behaviour. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms can inhibit oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha-mediated induction of preproenkephalin (PPE) gene expression in the hypothalamus. Also, thyroid hormone administration inhibits lordosis, a behaviour facilitated by PPE expression. We have examined the effect of multiple ligand-binding TR isoforms on the ER-mediated induction of the PPE gene in transient transfection assays in CV-1 cells. On a natural PPE gene promoter fragment containing two putative oestrogen response elements (EREs), both ER alpha and beta isoforms mediate a four to five-fold induction by oestrogen. Cotransfection of TR alpha 1 along with ER alpha inhibited the ER alpha transactivation of PPE by approximately 50%. However, cotransfection with either TR beta 1 or TR beta 2 expression plasmids produced no effect on the ER alpha or ER beta mediated induction of PPE. Therefore, under these experimental conditions, interactions with a single ER isoform are specific to an individual TR isoform. Transfection with a TR alpha 1 DNA-binding mutant could also inhibit ER alpha transactivation, suggesting that competition for binding on the ERE may not be the exclusive mechanism for inhibition. Data with the coactivator, SRC-1, suggested that coactivator squelching may participate in the inhibition. In dramatic contrast, when ER beta is cotransfected, TR alpha 1 stimulated ER beta-mediated transactivation of PPE by approximately eight-fold over control levels. This is the first study revealing specific interactions among nuclear receptor isoforms on a neuroendocrine promoter. These data also suggest that the combinatorics of ER and TR isoforms allow multiple forms of flexible gene regulations in the service of neuroendocrine integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess outcome and identify predictors of survival of adults with rhabdomyosarcoma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The literature on adult rhabdomyosarcoma is limited. Few studies have identified predictors of long-term survival in this patient population. METHODS Thirty-nine adults with rhabdomyosarcoma were treated between 1973 and 1996 and prospectively followed. Outcomes were assessed with respect to patient and tumor characteristics, local treatment, and response to chemotherapy. RESULTS Twenty-six patients had localized/locoregional disease and 13 patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Twenty-one patients underwent attempted curative resection, 27 received radiotherapy, and 37 received chemotherapy. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 152 months. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 31% and 27%, respectively. Five-year survival rates for patients with tumors less than 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and more than 10 cm were 60%, 14%, and 0%, respectively. Patients with localized/locoregional disease at presentation had a 44% 5-year survival rate; there were no 5-year survivors among patients with metastatic disease. Patients who had a complete response to chemotherapy had a 5-year survival rate of 57%, compared with a rate of only 7% for poor responders. Metastatic disease at presentation and poor response to chemotherapy were independent predictors of death on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Age, location, nodal status, and histologic subtype do not appear be associated with survival in adults with rhabdomyosarcoma treated with multimodal therapy. Metastatic disease at presentation and poor response to chemotherapy are strongly associated with poor prognosis. Future systemic therapies should be targeted to patients with localized/locoregional disease and partial responders to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Esnaola
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Bioremediation has become an important method for the restoration of oil-polluted environments by the use of indigenous or selected microbial flora. Several factors such as aeration, use of inorganic nutrients or fertilizers and the type of microbial species play a major role in the remediation of oil-contaminated sites. Experiments were undertaken for bioremediation of oil sludge-contaminated soil in the presence of a bacterial consortium, inorganic nutrients, compost and a bulking agent (wheat bran). Experiments were conducted in glass troughs for the 90-day period. Bulked soil showed more rapid degradation of oil compared to all other amendments. During the experimental period, wheat bran-amended soil showed 76% hydrocarbon removal compared to 66% in the case of inorganic nutrients-amended soil. A corresponding increase in the number of bacterial populations was also noticed. Addition of the bacterial consortium in different amendments significantly enhanced the removal of oil from the petroleum sludge from different treatment units.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Abstract
A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was examined for its ability to utilize a variety of hydrocarbon substrates. Surface tension measurements indicated the production of biosurfactant during the microbial degradation of hydrocarbon. The organism utilized both short and long chain n-alkanes. It emulsified a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barathi
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
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Abstract
The chicken riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) is an estrogen induced egg yolk and white protein. Eggs from hens which have a splice mutation in RCP gene fail to hatch, indicating an absolute requirement of RCP for the transport of riboflavin to the oocyte. In order to understand the mechanism of regulation of this gene by estrogen, the chicken RCP gene including 1 kb of the 5' flanking region has been isolated. Characterization of the gene structure shows that it contains six exons and five introns, including an intron in the 5' untranslated region. Sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region does not show the presence of any classical, palindromic estrogen response element (ERE). However, there are six half site ERE consensus elements. Four deletion constructs of the 5' flanking region with varying number of ERE half sites were made in pGL3 basic vector upstream of the luciferase-coding region. Transient transfection of these RCP promoter deletion constructs into a chicken hepatoma cell line (LMH2A) showed 6-12-fold transcriptional induction by a stable estrogen analogue, moxesterol. This suggests that the RCP gene is induced by estrogen even in the absence of a classical ERE and the half sites of ERE in this promoter may be important for estrogen induction
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 02, India
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Pfaff DW, Vasudevan N, Kia HK, Zhu YS, Chan J, Garey J, Morgan M, Ogawa S. Estrogens, brain and behavior: studies in fundamental neurobiology and observations related to women's health. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 74:365-73. [PMID: 11162946 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(00)00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms and consequences of the effects of estrogen on the brain have been studied both at the fundamental level and with therapeutic applications in mind. Estrogenic hormones binding in particular neurons in a limbic-hypothalamic system and their effects on the electrophysiology and molecular biology of medial hypothalamic neurons were central in establishing the first circuit for a mammalian behavior, the female-typical mating behavior, lordosis. Notably, the ability of estradiol to facilitate transcription from six genes whose products are important for lordosis behavior proved that hormones can turn on genes in specific neurons at specific times, with sensible behavioral consequences. The use of a gene knockout for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) revealed that homozygous mutant females simply would not do lordosis behavior and instead were extremely aggressive, thus identifying a specific gene as essential for a mammalian social behavior. In dramatic contrast, ERbeta knockout females can exhibit normal lordosis behavior. With the understanding, in considerable mechanistic detail, of how the behavior is produced, now we are also studying brain mechanisms for the biologically adaptive influences which constrain reproductive behavior. With respect to cold temperatures and other environmental or metabolic circumstances which are not consistent with successful reproduction, we are interested in thyroid hormone effects in the brain. Competitive relations between two types of transcription factors - thyroid hormone receptors and estrogen receptors have the potential of subserving the blocking effects of inappropriate environmental circumstances on female reproductive behaviors. TRs can compete with ERalpha both for DNA binding to consensus and physiological EREs and for nuclear coactivators. In the presence of both TRs and ERs, in transfection studies, thyroid hormone coadministration can reduce estrogen-stimulated transcription. These competitive relations apparently have behavioral consequences, as thyroid hormones will reduce lordosis, and a TRbeta gene knockout will increase it. In sum, we not only know several genes that participate in the selective control of this sex behavior, but also, for two genes, we know the causal routes. Estrogenic hormones are also the foci of widespread attention for their potential therapeutic effects improving, for example, certain aspects of mood and cognition. The former has an efficient animal analog, demonstrated by the positive effects of estrogen in the Porsolt forced swim test. The latter almost certainly depends upon trophic actions of estrogen on several fundamental features of nerve cell survival and growth. The hypothesis is raised that the synaptic effects of estrogens are secondary to the trophic actions of this type of hormone in the nucleus and nerve cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, NY 10021, New York, USA.
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Abstract
Chemical industries produce wastewater that contains large amount of aromatic substances including chlorinated compounds. Moraxella sp. isolated from a petroleum refinery unit efficiently used a variety of benzene derivatives bearing hydroxyl, methoxyl, carboxyl, and chloro- groups as the sole carbon source. The isolate harbored two plasmids of high mobility that are responsible for the utilization of these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Madras, India
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Abstract
Acinetobacter sp. utilized non-phenolic beta-o-4-model compounds, 2-methoxy-4-formylphenoxyacetic acid and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (VGE) as sole carbon source. Vanillin, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechol were detected in the 2-methoxy-4-formylphenoxyacetic acid amended culture. Veratryl alcohol, veratraldehyde, veratric acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechol and guaiacol were identified from veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether culture. Acinetobacter sp. produced catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase that cleaved catechol and protocatechuic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, India
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Vasudevan N, Mahadevan A. Degradation of labelled lignins and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether by Acinetobacter sp. Ital J Biochem 1990; 39:285-93. [PMID: 2128084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter sp. evolved 14CO2 from 14C-(ring)DHP lignin and 14C-teakwood lignin. Veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether, a lignin model compound with beta-o-4 linkage was cleaved by Acinetobacter sp. Veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether into 2(o-methoxyphenoxy) ethanol and veratrylalcohol 2(o-methoxyphenoxy) ethanol was degraded to guaiacol and then to catechol whereas veratrylalcohol was converted to veratraldehyde, veratric acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechol. Both catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase were detected in veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether grown cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, India
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Vasudevan N. Infant mortality in Madras city. Sample Regist Bull 1976; 10:22-5. [PMID: 12262613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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