1
|
Mercado-Hernandez R, Myers R, Carillo FB, Zambrana JV, López B, Sanchez N, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Kuan G, Harris E. Obesity is associated with increased pediatric dengue virus infection and disease: A 9-year cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua. medRxiv 2024:2024.04.02.24305219. [PMID: 38633790 PMCID: PMC11023673 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.24305219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Obesity is on the rise globally in adults and children, including in tropical areas where diseases such as dengue have a substantial burden, particularly in children. Obesity impacts the risk of severe dengue disease; however, the impact on dengue virus (DENV) infection and dengue cases remains an open question. Methods We used 9 years of data from 5,940 children in the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study in Nicaragua to examine whether pediatric obesity is associated with increased susceptibility to DENV infection and symptomatic presentation. Analysis was performed using Generalized Estimating Equations adjusted for age, sex, and pre-infection DENV antibody titers. Results From 2011 to 2019, children contributed 26,273 person-years of observation, and we observed an increase in the prevalence of overweight (from 12% to 17%) and obesity (from 7% to 13%). There were 1,682 DENV infections and 476 dengue cases in the study population. Compared to participants with normal weight, participants with obesity had higher odds of DENV infection (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.42) and higher odds of dengue disease given infection (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15-2.19). Children with obesity infected with DENV showed increased odds of presenting fever (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.02), headache (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07-2.14), and rash (aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.49-3.44) when compared with children with normal weight. Conclusions Our results indicate that obesity is associated with increased susceptibility to DENV infection and dengue cases in children, independently of age, sex, and pre-infection DENV antibody titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rachel Myers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Fausto Bustos Carillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - José Victor Zambrana
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brenda López
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Narvaez F, Montenegro C, Juarez JG, Zambrana JV, Gonzalez K, Arguello S, Barrios F, Ojeda S, Plazaola M, Sanchez N, Camprubi D, Kuan G, Bailey GP, Harris E, Balmaseda A. Dengue severity by serotype in 19 years of pediatric clinical studies in Nicaragua. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.11.24302393. [PMID: 38405964 PMCID: PMC10889012 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.24302393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Dengue virus, a major global health threat, consists of four serotypes (DENV1-4) that cause a range of clinical manifestations from mild to severe and potentially fatal disease. Methods This study, based on 19 years of data from the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study and Pediatric Dengue Hospital-based Study in Managua, Nicaragua, investigates the influence of serotype and immune status on dengue severity. Study participants 6 months to 17 years old were followed during their hospital stay or as ambulatory patients, with dengue cases confirmed by molecular, serological, and/or virological methods. Results We enrolled a total of 14071 participants, of whom 2954 (21%) were positive for DENV infection. Of 2425 cases with serotype result by RT-PCR, 541 corresponded to DENV1, 996 to DENV2, 718 to DENV3 and 170 to DENV4. Severe disease was more prevalent among secondary DENV2 and DENV4 cases, while similar disease severity was observed in both primary and secondary DENV1 and DENV3 cases. According to the 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) severity classification, both DENV2 and DENV3 had a higher proportion of severe disease compared to other serotypes, whereas DENV3 had the greatest percentage of severity under the WHO-2009 classification. DENV2 was associated with pleural effusion and low platelet count, while DENV3 correlated with both hypotensive and compensated shock. Conclusions These findings emphasize the critical need for a dengue vaccine with balanced efficacy against all four serotypes, particularly as existing vaccines show variable efficacy by serotype and immune status, posing challenges for comprehensive protection, particularly in dengue-naïve individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Narvaez
- Unidad de Infectología, Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | - Jose Victor Zambrana
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karla Gonzalez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Fanny Barrios
- Unidad de Infectología, Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Daniel Camprubi
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gabriela Paz Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serrudo VR, Saurral R, Pool R, Kruler A, Sanchez N, Carrio LM. Advanced wound healing in a patient with transmetatarsal amputation caused by severe diabetic foot infection: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 115:109180. [PMID: 38219509 PMCID: PMC10826814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance: Diabetic foot accounts for 50% to 95 % of non-traumatic amputations. The healing process of a surgical wound resulting from amputation in the diabetic foot is complex, and it is difficult to achieve an optimal outcome, which should include obtaining a functional stump for the patient. Healing is mainly hindered by infection, vascular disease, and wound size. In turn, biofilm formation significantly delays the healing process, increasing morbidity and impairing the amputee's quality of life. Case presentation: This study analyzes the case of an 80-year-old male patient with diabetes who had failed to respond to previous treatment on an infected wound from a transmetatarsal amputation. The new treatment involved spraying the wound with silver sulfadiazine, lidocaine, and vitamin A aerosol and covering it with gauze dressings soaked in silver sulfadiazine, lidocaine, and vitamin A. The case evolution indicators used were total wound area, percentage of granulation tissue, wound perimeter, and maximum distance between the wound edges. A 3D simulation was also used to assess the wound bed. Clinical Discussion: Biofilm is linked to slower wound healing and wound chronicity, as this community of microorganisms in the wound slows down healing even when there are no apparent signs of infection. Therefore, treatment should be geared toward preventing contamination from leading to biofilm formation. Conclusion: Our results show that silver sulfadiazine, lidocaine, vitamin A gauze dressings, and aerosol have promoted fast and effective healing in a diabetic patient with a wound at high risk of greater amputation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V R Serrudo
- Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr Federico Abete, Centro Municipal de Diabetes Dr. Alberto Maggio, Hospital de Día de Pie Diabético "Polo Sanitario", República Argentina
| | - R Saurral
- Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr Federico Abete, Centro Municipal de Diabetes Dr. Alberto Maggio, Hospital de Día de Pie Diabético "Polo Sanitario", República Argentina
| | - R Pool
- Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr Federico Abete, Centro Municipal de Diabetes Dr. Alberto Maggio, Hospital de Día de Pie Diabético "Polo Sanitario", República Argentina
| | - A Kruler
- Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr Federico Abete, Centro Municipal de Diabetes Dr. Alberto Maggio, Hospital de Día de Pie Diabético "Polo Sanitario", República Argentina
| | - N Sanchez
- Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr Federico Abete, Centro Municipal de Diabetes Dr. Alberto Maggio, Hospital de Día de Pie Diabético "Polo Sanitario", República Argentina
| | - L M Carrio
- Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr Federico Abete, Centro Municipal de Diabetes Dr. Alberto Maggio, Hospital de Día de Pie Diabético "Polo Sanitario", República Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Warnes CM, Bustos Carrillo FA, Zambrana JV, Lopez Mercado B, Arguello S, Ampié O, Collado D, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Kuan G, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Longitudinal analysis of post-acute chikungunya-associated arthralgia in children and adults: A prospective cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua (2014-2018). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011948. [PMID: 38416797 PMCID: PMC10962812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya can result in debilitating arthralgia, often presenting as acute, self-limited pain, but occasionally manifesting chronically. Little is known about differences in chikungunya-associated arthralgia comparing children to adults over time. To characterize long-term chikungunya-associated arthralgia, we recruited 770 patients (105 0-4 years old [y/o], 200 5-9 y/o, 307 10-15 y/o, and 158 16+ y/o) with symptomatic chikungunya virus infections in Managua, Nicaragua, during two consecutive chikungunya epidemics (2014-2015). Participants were assessed at ~15 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-fever onset. Following clinical guidelines, we defined participants by their last reported instance of arthralgia as acute (≤10 days post-fever onset), interim (>10 and <90 days), or chronic (≥90 days) cases. We observed a high prevalence of arthralgia (80-95%) across all ages over the study period. Overall, the odds of acute arthralgia increased in an age-dependent manner, with the lowest odds of arthralgia in the 0-4 y/o group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.51) and the highest odds of arthralgia in the 16+ y/o participants (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.42-30.95) relative to 10-15 y/o participants. Females had higher odds of acute arthralgia than males (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.65) across all ages. We found that 23-36% of pediatric and 53% of adult participants reported an instance of post-acute arthralgia. Children exhibited the highest prevalence of post-acute polyarthralgia in their legs, followed by the hands and torso - a pattern not seen among adult participants. Further, we observed pediatric chikungunya presenting in two distinct phases: the acute phase and the subsequent interim/chronic phases. Thus, differences in the presentation of arthralgia were observed across age, sex, and disease phase in this longitudinal chikungunya cohort. Our results elucidate the long-term burden of chikungunya-associated arthralgia among pediatric and adult populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Warnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aogo RA, Zambrana JV, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Gordon A, Harris E, Katzelnick LC. Effects of boosting and waning in highly exposed populations on dengue epidemic dynamics. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi1734. [PMID: 37967199 PMCID: PMC11001200 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infection with multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is thought to induce enduring protection against dengue disease. However, long-term antibody waning has been observed after repeated DENV infection. Here, we provide evidence that highly immune Nicaraguan children and adults (n = 4478) experience boosting and waning of antibodies during and after major Zika and dengue epidemics. We develop a susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS-type) model that tracks immunity by titer rather than number of infections to show that boosts in highly immune individuals can contribute to herd immunity, delaying their susceptibility to transmissible infection. In contrast, our model of lifelong immunity in highly immune individuals, as previously assumed, results in complete disease eradication after introduction. Periodic epidemics under this scenario can only be sustained with a constant influx of infected individuals into the population or a high basic reproductive number. We also find that Zika virus infection can boost DENV immunity and produce delays and then surges in dengue epidemics, as observed with real epidemiological data. This work provides insight into factors shaping periodicity in dengue incidence and may inform vaccine efforts to maintain population immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
| | - Jose Victor Zambrana
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, 12014, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Frutos AM, Kuan G, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Shotwell A, Sanchez N, Saborio S, Plazaola M, Barilla C, Kenah E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Infection-Induced Immunity Is Associated With Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Decreased Infectivity. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:2126-2133. [PMID: 36774538 PMCID: PMC10273383 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of infection-induced immunity on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission has not been well established. Here we estimate the effects of prior infection induced immunity in adults and children on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in households. METHODS We conducted a household cohort study from March 2020-November 2022 in Managua, Nicaragua; following a housheold SARS-CoV-2 infection, household members are closely monitored for infection. We estimate the association of time period, age, symptoms, and prior infection with secondary attack risk. RESULTS Overall, transmission occurred in 70.2% of households, 40.9% of household contacts were infected, and the secondary attack risk ranged from 8.1% to 13.9% depending on the time period. Symptomatic infected individuals were more infectious (rate ratio [RR] 21.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.4-60.7) and participants with a prior infection were half as likely to be infected compared to naïve individuals (RR 0.52, 95% CI:.38-.70). In models stratified by age, prior infection was associated with decreased infectivity in adults and adolescents (secondary attack risk [SAR] 12.3, 95% CI: 10.3, 14.8 vs 17.5, 95% CI: 14.8, 20.7). However, although young children were less likely to transmit, neither prior infection nor symptom presentation was associated with infectivity. During the Omicron era, infection-induced immunity remained protective against infection. CONCLUSIONS Infection-induced immunity is associated with decreased infectivity for adults and adolescents. Although young children are less infectious, prior infection and asymptomatic presentation did not reduce their infectivity as was seen in adults. As SARS-CoV-2 transitions to endemicity, children may become more important in transmission dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Frutos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Abigail Shotwell
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | - Eben Kenah
- Biostatistics Division, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Warnes CM, Carrillo FAB, Zambrana JV, Mercado BL, Arguello S, Ampié O, Collado D, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Kuan G, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Longitudinal Analysis of the Burden of Post-Acute Chikungunya-Associated Arthralgia in Children and Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Managua, Nicaragua (2014-2019). medRxiv 2023:2023.05.09.23289726. [PMID: 37214808 PMCID: PMC10197786 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.23289726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya can result in debilitating arthralgia, often presenting as acute, self-limited pain, but occasionally manifesting chronically. Little is known about differences in chikungunya-associated arthralgia comparing children to adults over time. To characterize long-term chikungunya-associated arthralgia, we recruited 770 patients (105 0-4 year olds [y/o], 200 5-9 y/o, 307 10-15 y/o, and 158 16+ y/o) with symptomatic chikungunya virus infections in Managua, Nicaragua, during two chikungunya epidemics (2014-2015). Participants were assessed at ~15 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-fever onset. Following clinical guidelines, we defined participants by their last reported instance of arthralgia as acute (≤10 days post-fever onset), interim (>10 and <90 days), or chronic (≥90 days) cases. We observed a high prevalence of arthralgia (80-95%) across all ages over the study period. Overall, the odds of acute arthralgia increased in an age-dependent manner, with the lowest odds of arthralgia in the 0-4 y/o group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.51) and the highest odds of arthralgia in the 16+ y/o participants (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.42-30.95) relative to 10-15 y/o participants. Females had a higher odds of acute arthralgia than males (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.65) across all ages. We found that 23-36% of pediatric and 53% of adult participants reported an instance of post-acute arthralgia. Children exhibited the highest prevalence of post-acute polyarthralgia in their legs, followed by the hands and torso - a pattern not seen among adult participants. Further, we observed pediatric chikungunya presenting in two distinct phases: the acute phase and the associated interim and chronic phases. Differences in the presentation of arthralgia were observed across age, sex, and disease phase in this longitudinal chikungunya cohort. Our results elucidate the long-term burden of chikungunya-associated arthralgia among pediatric and adult populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Warnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sanchez N, Savsani E, Bradigan K, Wessner C, Lyshchik A, Long S, Nazarian L, Eisenbrey J, Anton K. Abstract No. 118 Genicular Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Persistent Knee Pain Following Joint Replacement Surgery. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
|
9
|
Borjas G, Sanchez N, Urdaneta A, Gonzalez M, Ramos E, Maldonado A. Technical Aspects of Using a Second Magnetic Grasper to Improve the Surgical Field in Single Port Revisional Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2023; 33:984-985. [PMID: 36645558 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The future of minimally invasive surgery in revisional surgery is experiencing changes with new equipment such as the magnetic assistance that can be used with single port devices in order to perform an incisionless surgery (Luengas R, Galindo J, Castro M, et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2021;17(1):147-152). Magnetic assistance through an auxiliary grasper with two internal magnets serves beyond liver retraction in different steps of the surgery improving the surgical field by obtaining a better visualization and triangulation. PURPOSE Expose the feasibility of using two internal magnetic graspers by single port performing a conversion surgery of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS A 36-year-old female patient underwent a SG in 2015 and consults in 2021 because of severe GERD with a 33-point GERD-HRQL score. She has preoperative evaluation for a conversion surgery from SG to RYGB. Using a single port device through the umbilicus, an additional 5 mm trocar was placed in the left side of the abdomen. Two internal magnets were introduced through the umbilicus, and they were controlled by two external magnets placed over the abdomen with an articulated arm. The first magnet was used for liver retraction and the second one to perform both anastomoses, close the intermesenteric and Petersen defect, acting as an auxiliary grasper. The ethical committee approval was obtained through an informed consent from the participant included in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Borjas
- International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Centro Clinica "La Sagrada Familia", Prolongación Vial Amparo, Las Lomas Con Avenida 63, Maracaibo, Venezuela. .,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Grupo Medico Santa Paula, Av. Circunvalación del Sol, Sector F, Urb. Santa Paula, Caracas, Venezuela. .,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Clínica Portoazul, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - N Sanchez
- International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Centro Clinica "La Sagrada Familia", Prolongación Vial Amparo, Las Lomas Con Avenida 63, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Grupo Medico Santa Paula, Av. Circunvalación del Sol, Sector F, Urb. Santa Paula, Caracas, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Clínica Portoazul, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - A Urdaneta
- International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Centro Clinica "La Sagrada Familia", Prolongación Vial Amparo, Las Lomas Con Avenida 63, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Grupo Medico Santa Paula, Av. Circunvalación del Sol, Sector F, Urb. Santa Paula, Caracas, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Clínica Portoazul, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - M Gonzalez
- International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Centro Clinica "La Sagrada Familia", Prolongación Vial Amparo, Las Lomas Con Avenida 63, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Grupo Medico Santa Paula, Av. Circunvalación del Sol, Sector F, Urb. Santa Paula, Caracas, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Clínica Portoazul, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - E Ramos
- International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Centro Clinica "La Sagrada Familia", Prolongación Vial Amparo, Las Lomas Con Avenida 63, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Grupo Medico Santa Paula, Av. Circunvalación del Sol, Sector F, Urb. Santa Paula, Caracas, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Clínica Portoazul, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - A Maldonado
- International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Centro Clinica "La Sagrada Familia", Prolongación Vial Amparo, Las Lomas Con Avenida 63, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Grupo Medico Santa Paula, Av. Circunvalación del Sol, Sector F, Urb. Santa Paula, Caracas, Venezuela.,International Unit of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery Unit, Clínica Portoazul, Barranquilla, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maier HE, Kuan G, Gresh L, Chowell G, Bakker K, Lopez R, Sanchez N, Lopez B, Schiller A, Ojeda S, Harris E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. The Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort Study, 2011-2019: Influenza Incidence, Seasonality, and Transmission. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e1094-e1103. [PMID: 35639580 PMCID: PMC10169406 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children account for a large portion of global influenza burden and transmission, and a better understanding of influenza in children is needed to improve prevention and control strategies. METHODS To examine the incidence and transmission of influenza we conducted a prospective community-based study of children aged 0-14 years in Managua, Nicaragua, between 2011 and 2019. Participants were provided with medical care through study physicians and symptomatic influenza was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Wavelet analyses were used to examine seasonality. Generalized growth models (GGMs) were used to estimate effective reproduction numbers. RESULTS From 2011 to 2019, 3016 children participated, with an average of ∼1800 participants per year and median follow-up time of 5 years per child, and 48.3% of the cohort in 2019 had been enrolled their entire lives. The overall incidence rates per 100 person-years were 14.5 symptomatic influenza cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.9-15.1) and 1.0 influenza-associated acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) case (95% CI: .8-1.1). Symptomatic influenza incidence peaked at age 9-11 months. Infants born during peak influenza circulation had lower incidence in the first year of their lives. The mean effective reproduction number was 1.2 (range 1.02-1.49), and we observed significant annual patterns for influenza and influenza A, and a 2.5-year period for influenza B. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important information for understanding influenza epidemiology and informing influenza vaccine policy. These results will aid in informing strategies to reduce the burden of influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gerardo Chowell
- Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin Bakker
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Brenda Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maier HE, Plazaola M, Lopez R, Sanchez N, Saborio S, Ojeda S, Barilla C, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity and the duration of viral shedding: Results from a Nicaraguan household cohort study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13074. [PMID: 36457275 PMCID: PMC9835439 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the world's population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, immunity from prior infection will play a critical role in future SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We investigated the impact of infection-induced immunity on viral shedding duration and viral load. METHODS We conducted a household cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua, with an embedded transmission study that closely monitors participants regardless of symptoms. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure infections and seropositivity, respectively. Blood samples were collected twice annually and surrounding household intensive monitoring periods. We used accelerated failure time models to compare shedding times. Participants vaccinated ≥14 days prior to infection were excluded from primary analyses. RESULTS There were 600 RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated participants between May 1, 2020, and March 10, 2022, with prior ELISA data. Prior infection was associated with 48% shorter shedding times (event time ratio [ETR] 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39-0.69, mean shedding: 13.7 vs. 26.4 days). A fourfold higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike titer was associated with 17% shorter shedding (ETR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.90). Similarly, maximum viral loads (lowest cycle threshold [CT]) were lower for previously infected individuals (mean CT 29.8 vs. 28.0, p = 4.02 × 10-3 ), for adults and children ≥10 years, but not for children 0-9 years; there was little difference in CT levels for previously infected versus naïve adults aged above 60 years. CONCLUSIONS Prior infection-induced immunity was associated with shorter viral shedding and lower viral loads, which may be important in the transition from pandemic to endemicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Frutos AM, Balmaseda A, Vydiswaran N, Patel M, Ojeda S, Brouwer A, Tutino R, Cai S, Bakker K, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Kuan G, Gordon A. Burden and seasonality of primary and secondary symptomatic common cold coronavirus infections in Nicaraguan children. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13078. [PMID: 36494188 PMCID: PMC9835451 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the need for an increased understanding of coronavirus epidemiology. In a pediatric cohort in Nicaragua, we evaluate the seasonality and burden of common cold coronavirus (ccCoV) infection and evaluate likelihood of symptoms in reinfections. METHODS Children presenting with symptoms of respiratory illness were tested for each of the four ccCoVs (NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1). Annual blood samples collected before ccCoV infection were tested for antibodies against each ccCoV. Seasonality was evaluated using wavelet and generalized additive model (GAM) analyses, and age-period effects were investigated using a Poisson model. We also evaluate the risk of symptom presentation between primary and secondary infections. RESULTS In our cohort of 2576 children from 2011 to 2016, we observed 595 ccCoV infections and 107 cases of ccCoV-associated lower respiratory infection (LRI). The overall incidence rate was 61.1 per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval (CI): 56.3, 66.2). Children under two had the highest incidence of ccCoV infections and associated LRI. ccCoV incidence rapidly decreases until about age 6. Each ccCoV circulated throughout the year and demonstrated annual periodicity. Peaks of NL63 typically occurred 3 months before 229E peaks and 6 months after OC43 peaks. Approximately 69% of symptomatic ccCoV infections were secondary infections. There was slightly lower risk (rate ratio (RR): 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97) of LRI between secondary and primary ccCoV infections among participants under the age of 5. CONCLUSIONS ccCoV spreads annually among children with the greatest burden among ages 0-1. Reinfection is common; prior infection is associated with slight protection against LRI among the youngest children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Frutos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Health Center Sócrates Flores VivasMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnósticoy ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | - Nivea Vydiswaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Andrew Brouwer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Rebecca Tutino
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Shuwei Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin Bakker
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnósticoy ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores VivasMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wagner AL, Sanchez N, Kubale J, Kuan G, Gresh L, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Single-Dose Vaccination Among Infants and Toddlers Provides Modest Protection Against Influenza Illness, Which Wanes After 5 Months. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:87-91. [PMID: 35796722 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In their first season of vaccination, young children are recommended 2 doses of influenza vaccine, but a 2-dose schedule might be difficult to implement in many countries. Within a cohort study of 742 children aged 6 to <24 months in Managua, Nicaragua, this study estimated effectiveness of partial vaccination from 3 to 9 months postvaccination. Vaccine effectiveness was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24%-91%) within 3 months and 55% (95% CI, 10%-77%) within 4 months. There was not significant protection beyond 5 months. Partial vaccination might confer some benefits but should be followed by a second dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kubale JT, Frutos AM, Balmaseda A, Cerpas C, Saborio S, Ojeda S, Barilla C, Sanchez N, Vasquez G, Moreira H, Shotwell A, Meyers A, Lopez R, Plazaola M, Kuan G, Gordon A. High Co-circulation of Influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac642. [PMID: 36519125 PMCID: PMC9745763 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, influenza transmission decreased substantially worldwide, meaning that health systems were not faced with simultaneous respiratory epidemics. In 2022, however, substantial influenza transmission returned to Nicaragua where it co-circulated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, causing substantial disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Kubale
- ICPSR, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron M Frutos
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Cristhiam Cerpas
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Carlos Barilla
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gerald Vasquez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Hanny Moreira
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Abigail Shotwell
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alyssa Meyers
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith M, Kubale J, Kuan G, Ojeda S, Vydiswaran N, Sanchez N, Gresh L, Latta K, Lopez R, Patel M, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Incidence and Severity in a Community-Based Prospective Cohort of Children Aged 0-14 Years. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac598. [PMID: 36447616 PMCID: PMC9697591 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a substantial source of severe illnesses including acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) like pneumonia. However, its burden in older children remains less well understood. METHODS Using a community-based prospective cohort, we assessed the burden of symptomatic reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed RSV among Nicaraguan children aged 0-14 years from 2011 to 2016. ALRI was defined as physician diagnosis of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or bronchial hyperreactivity. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2016, 2575 children participated in the cohort. Of these, 630 (24.5%) had at least 1 episode of symptomatic RSV and 194 (7.5%) had multiple episodes. Subtype was identified in 571 (69.3%) episodes with 408 (71.5%) RSV-A, 157 (27.5%) RSV-B, and 6 (1%) positive for both. Children aged <2 years displayed the highest incidence of symptomatic RSV, with 269.3 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 242.1-299.5). Beyond 2 years, incidence (95% CI) of symptomatic RSV decreased rapidly: 145.6 (129.9-163.1), 37.9 (31.9-45.0), and 19.3 (14.9-25.0) cases per 1000 person-years among children aged 2-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, respectively. Incidence of RSV-associated ALRI was highest in children aged <2 years (85.95 per 1000 person-years [95% CI, 71.30-103.61]): 2.1, 9.5, and 17.3 times that of participants aged 2-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, respectively. Children <2 years old were significantly more likely to have an RSV-associated hospitalization (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS There is a substantial burden of symptomatic and severe RSV in children. While older children did present with RSV, the rates of symptomatic and severe RSV decreased by as much as 95% beyond age 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Kubale
- ICPSR, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nivea Vydiswaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Krista Latta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - May Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hacker K, Kuan G, Vydiswaran N, Chowell‐Puente G, Patel M, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Lopez B, Mousa J, Maier HE, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Pediatric burden and seasonality of human metapneumovirus over 5 years in Managua, Nicaragua. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:1112-1121. [PMID: 35965382 PMCID: PMC9530515 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of pediatric respiratory infection. We leveraged the Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort Study (NPICS) to assess the burden and seasonality of symptomatic hMPV infection in children. METHODS NPICS is an ongoing prospective study of children in Managua, Nicaragua. We assessed children for hMPV infection via real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We used classical additive decomposition analysis to assess the temporal trends, and generalized growth models (GGMs) were used to estimate effective reproduction numbers. RESULTS From 2011 to 2016, there were 564 hMPV symptomatic infections, yielding an incidence rate of 5.74 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI 5.3, 6.2). Children experienced 3509 acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), of which 160 (4.6%) were associated with hMPV infection. Children under the age of one had 55% of all symptomatic hMPV infections (62/112) develop into hMPV-associated ALRIs and were five times as likely as children over one to have an hMPV-associated ALRI (rate ratio 5.5 95% CI 4.1, 7.4 p < 0.001). Additionally, symptomatic reinfection with hMPV was common. In total, 87 (15%) of all observed symptomatic infections were detected reinfections. The seasonality of symptomatic hMPV outbreaks varied considerably. From 2011 to 2016, four epidemic periods were observed, following a biennial seasonal pattern. The mean ascending phase of the epidemic periods were 7.7 weeks, with an overall mean estimated reproductive number of 1.2 (95% CI 1.1, 1.4). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic hMPV infection was associated with substantial burden among children in the first year of life. Timing and frequency of symptomatic hMPV incidence followed biennial patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hacker
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores VivasMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | - Nivea Vydiswaran
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gerardo Chowell‐Puente
- School of Public Health, Department of Population Health SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Mayuri Patel
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | | | | | - Jarrod Mousa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Vaccines and ImmunologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hannah E. Maier
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences InstituteManaguaNicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y ReferenciaMinistry of HealthManaguaNicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- School of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kubale JT, Frutos AM, Balmaseda A, Saborio S, Ojeda S, Barilla C, Sanchez N, Shotwell A, Meyers A, Lopez R, Plazaola M, Kuan G, Gordon A. High co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2.. [PMID: 36299425 PMCID: PMC9603835 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.13.22279740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza transmission decreased substantially worldwide meaning that health systems were not faced with simultaneous respiratory epidemics. In 2022, however, substantial influenza transmission returned to Nicaragua where it co-circulated with SARS-CoV-2 causing substantial disease burden.
Collapse
|
18
|
Maier HE, Kuan G, Saborio S, Carrillo FAB, Plazaola M, Barilla C, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Smith M, Kubale J, Ojeda S, Zuniga-Moya JC, Carlson B, Lopez B, Gajewski AM, Chowdhury M, Harris E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Clinical Spectrum of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Protection From Symptomatic Reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e257-e266. [PMID: 34411230 PMCID: PMC8499752 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few data on the full spectrum of disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across the lifespan from community-based or nonclinical settings. METHODS We followed 2338 people in Managua, Nicaragua, aged <94 years from March 2020 through March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disease presentation was assessed at the time of infection or retrospectively by survey at the time of blood collection. RESULTS There was a large epidemic that peaked between March and August 2020. In total, 129 RT-PCR-positive infections were detected, for an overall incidence rate of 5.3 infections per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4-6.3). Seroprevalence was 56.7% (95% CI, 53.5%-60.1%) and was consistent from age 11 through adulthood but was lower in children aged ≤10 years. Overall, 31.0% of the infections were symptomatic, with 54.7% mild, 41.6% moderate, and 3.7% severe. There were 2 deaths that were likely due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, yielding an infection fatality rate of 0.2%. Antibody titers exhibited a J-shaped curve with respect to age, with the lowest titers observed among older children and young adults and the highest among older adults. When compared to SARS-CoV-2-seronegative individuals, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity at the midyear sample was associated with 93.6% protection from symptomatic reinfection (95% CI, 51.1%-99.2%). CONCLUSIONS This population exhibited a very high SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity with lower-than-expected severity, and immunity from natural infection was protective against symptomatic reinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Matt Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Julio C Zuniga-Moya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brenda Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maier HE, Balmaseda A, Saborio S, Ojeda S, Barilla C, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Plazaola M, Cerpas C, van Bakel H, Kubale J, Harris E, Kuan G, Gordon A. Protection Associated with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Nicaragua. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:568-570. [PMID: 35857652 PMCID: PMC9342422 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2203985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | | | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Frutos AM, Kubale J, Kuan G, Ojeda S, Vydiswaran N, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Patel M, Lopez R, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses: Comparing symptom presentation and severity of symptomatic illness among Nicaraguan children. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2. [PMID: 35785016 PMCID: PMC9245908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that as SARS-CoV-2 transitions to endemicity, children will represent the greatest proportion of SARS-Co-V-2 infections as they currently do with endemic coronavirus infections. While SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is low for children, it is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 infections are distinct in symptom presentation, duration, and severity from endemic coronavirus infections in children. We compared symptom risk and duration of endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) infections from 2011–2016 with SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 2020-September 2021 in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort. Blood samples were collected from study participants annually in February-April. Respiratory samples were collected from participants that met testing criteria. Blood samples collected in were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a subset of 2011–2016 blood samples from four-year-old children were tested for endemic HCoV antibodies. Respiratory samples were tested for each of the endemic HCoVs from 2011–2016 and for SARS-CoV-2 from 2020–2021 via rt-PCR. By April 2021, 854 (49%) cohort participants were ELISA positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most participants had antibodies against one alpha and one beta coronavirus by age four. We observed 595 symptomatic endemic HCoV infections from 2011–2016 and 121 symptomatic with SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 2020-September 2021. Symptom presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and endemic coronavirus infections were very similar, and SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infections were as or less severe on average than endemic HCoV infections. This suggests that, for children, SARS-CoV-2 may be just another endemic coronavirus. However, questions about the impact of variants and the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Frutos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nivea Vydiswaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Miguel Plazaola
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - May Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kubale J, Balmaseda A, Frutos AM, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Ojeda S, Saborio S, Lopez R, Barilla C, Vasquez G, Moreira H, Gajewski A, Campredon L, Maier HE, Chowdhury M, Cerpas C, Harris E, Kuan G, Gordon A. Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity and Symptomatic Reinfection in Children in Nicaragua. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2218794. [PMID: 35759261 PMCID: PMC9237791 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on children remains unclear. Better understanding of the burden of COVID-19 among children and their risk of reinfection is crucial, as they will be among the last groups vaccinated. Objective To characterize the burden of COVID-19 and assess how risk of symptomatic reinfection may vary by age among children. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective, community-based pediatric cohort study conducted from March 1, 2020, to October 15, 2021, 1964 nonimmunocompromised children aged 0 to 14 years were enrolled by random selection from the Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort, a community-based cohort in District 2 of Managua, Nicaragua. Additional newborn infants aged 4 weeks or younger were randomly selected and enrolled monthly via home visits. Exposures Prior COVID-19 infection as confirmed by positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (receptor binding domain and spike protein) or real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 infection at least 60 days before current COVID-19 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures Symptomatic COVID-19 cases confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and hospitalization within 28 days of symptom onset of a confirmed COVID-19 case. Results This cohort study assessed 1964 children (mean [SD] age, 6.9 [4.4] years; 985 [50.2%] male). Of 1824 children who were tested, 908 (49.8%; 95% CI, 47.5%-52.1%) were seropositive during the study. There were also 207 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases, 12 (5.8%) of which were severe enough to require hospitalization. Incidence of COVID-19 was highest among children younger than 2 years (16.1 cases per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 12.5-20.5 cases per 100 person-years), which was approximately 3 times the incidence rate in any other child age group assessed. In addition, 41 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 episodes (19.8%; 95% CI, 14.4%-25.2%) were reinfections. Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective, community-based pediatric cohort study, rates of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 were highest among the youngest participants, with rates stabilizing at approximately 5 years of age. In addition, symptomatic reinfections represented a large proportion of symptomatic COVID-19 cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aaron M. Frutos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Carlos Barilla
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gerald Vasquez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Hanny Moreira
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Lora Campredon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Hannah E. Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Cristhiam Cerpas
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bustos Carrillo FA, Mercado BL, Monterrey JC, Collado D, Saborio S, Miranda T, Barilla C, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Laguna HS, Elizondo D, Arguello S, Gajewski AM, Maier HE, Latta K, Carlson B, Coloma J, Katzelnick L, Sturrock H, Balmaseda A, Kuan G, Gordon A, Harris E. Epidemics of chikungunya, Zika, and COVID-19 reveal bias in case-based mapping. medRxiv 2022:2021.07.23.21261038. [PMID: 34341804 PMCID: PMC8328077 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.23.21261038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate tracing of epidemic spread over space enables effective control measures. We examined three metrics of infection and disease in a pediatric cohort (N≈3,000) over two chikungunya and one Zika epidemic, and in a household cohort (N=1,793) over one COVID-19 epidemic in Managua, Nicaragua. We compared spatial incidence rates (cases/total population), infection risks (infections/total population), and disease risks (cases/infected population). We used generalized additive and mixed-effects models, Kulldorf's spatial scan statistic, and intracluster correlation coefficients. Across different analyses and all epidemics, incidence rates considerably underestimated infection and disease risks, producing large and spatially non-uniform biases distinct from biases due to incomplete case ascertainment. Infection and disease risks exhibited distinct spatial patterns, and incidence clusters inconsistently identified areas of either risk. While incidence rates are commonly used to infer infection and disease risk in a population, we find that this can induce substantial biases and adversely impact policies to control epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Krista Latta
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Josefina Coloma
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Leah Katzelnick
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hugh Sturrock
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Locational, Poole, UK
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wraith S, Balmaseda A, Carrillo FAB, Kuan G, Huddleston J, Kubale J, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Schiller A, Lopez B, Sanchez N, Webby R, Nelson MI, Harris E, Gordon A. Homotypic protection against influenza in a pediatric cohort in Managua, Nicaragua. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1190. [PMID: 35246548 PMCID: PMC8897407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The period of protection from repeat infection following symptomatic influenza is not well established due to limited availability of longitudinal data. Using data from a pediatric cohort in Managua, Nicaragua, we examine the effects of natural influenza virus infection on subsequent infection with the same influenza virus subtype/lineage across multiple seasons, totaling 2,170 RT-PCR-confirmed symptomatic influenza infections. Logistic regression models assessed whether infection in the prior influenza season protected against homologous reinfection. We sequenced viruses from 2011-2019 identifying dominant clades and measuring antigenic distances between hemagglutinin clades. We observe homotypic protection from repeat infection in children infected with influenza A/H1N1pdm (OR 0.12, CI 0.02-0.88), A/H3N2 (OR 0.41, CI 0.24-0.73), and B/Victoria (OR 0.00, CI 0.00-0.14), but not with B/Yamagata viruses (OR 0.60, CI 0.09-2.10). Overall, protection wanes as time or antigenic distance increases. Individuals infected with one subtype or lineage of influenza virus have significantly lower odds of homologous reinfection for the following one to two years; after two years this protection wanes. This protection is demonstrated across multiple seasons, subtypes, and lineages among children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steph Wraith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brenda Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Richard Webby
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kubale J, Balmaseda A, Frutos AM, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Ojeda S, Saborio S, Lopez R, Barilla C, Vasquez G, Moreira H, Gajewski A, Campredon L, Maier H, Chowdhury M, Cerpas C, Harris E, Kuan G, Gordon A. Burden of SARS-CoV-2 and protection from symptomatic second infection in children. medRxiv 2022:2022.01.03.22268684. [PMID: 35018380 PMCID: PMC8750653 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.03.22268684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on children remains unclear. Better understanding of the burden of COVID-19 among children and their protection against re-infection is crucial as they will be among the last groups vaccinated. OBJECTIVE To characterize the burden of COVID-19 and assess how protection from symptomatic re-infection among children may vary by age. DESIGN A prospective, community-based pediatric cohort study conducted from March 1, 2020 through October 15, 2021. SETTING The Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort is a community-based cohort in District 2 of Managua, Nicaragua. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1964 children aged 0-14 years participated in the cohort. Non-immunocompromised children were enrolled by random selection from a previous pediatric influenza cohort. Additional newborn infants aged ≤4 weeks were randomly selected and enrolled monthly, via home visits. EXPOSURES Prior COVID-19 infection as confirmed by positive anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (receptor binding domain [RBD] and spike protein) or real time RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection ≥60 days prior to current COVID-19. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Symptomatic COVID-19 cases confirmed by real time RT-PCR and hospitalization within 28 days of symptom onset of confirmed COVID-19 case. RESULTS Overall, 49.8% of children tested were seropositive over the course of the study. There were also 207 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases, 12 (6.4%) of which were severe enough to require hospitalization. Incidence of COVID-19 was highest among children aged <2 years-16.1 per 100 person-years (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 12.5, 20.5)-approximately three times that of children in any other age group assessed. Additionally, 41 (19.8%) symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 episodes were re-infections, with younger children slightly more protected against symptomatic reinfection. Among children aged 6-59 months, protection was 61% (Rate Ratio [RR]:0.39, 95% CI:0.2,0.8), while protection among children aged 5-9 and 10-14 years was 64% (RR:0.36,0.2,0.7), and 49% (RR:0.51,0.3-0.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this prospective community-based pediatric cohort rates of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 were highest among the youngest participants, with rates stabilizing around age 5. Reinfections represent a large proportion of PCR-positive cases, with children <10 years displaying greater protection from symptomatic reinfection. A vaccine for children <5 years is urgently needed. KEY POINTS Question: What is the burden of COVID-19 among young children and how does protection from re-infection vary with age?Findings: In this study of 1964 children aged 0-14 years children <5 years had the highest rates of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 while also displaying greater protection against re-infection compared to children ≥10 years.Meaning: Given their greater risk of infection and severe disease compared to older children, effective vaccines against COVID-19 are urgently needed for children under 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aaron M Frutos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Carlos Barilla
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Gerald Vasquez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Hanny Moreira
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Lora Campredon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hannah Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristhiam Cerpas
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Frutos AM, Kubale J, Kuan G, Ojeda S, Vydiswaran N, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Patel M, Lopez R, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses: Comparing symptom presentation and severity of symptomatic illness among Nicaraguan children.. [PMID: 35075460 PMCID: PMC8786229 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.09.21267537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that as SARS-CoV-2 transitions to endemicity, children will represent the greatest proportion of SARS-Co-V-2 infections as they currently do with endemic coronavirus infections. While SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is low for children, it is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 infections are distinct in symptom presentation, duration, and severity from endemic coronavirus infections in children. We compared symptom risk and duration of endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) infections from 2011–2016 with SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 2020-September 2021 in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort. Blood samples were collected from study participants annually in February-April. Respiratory samples were collected from participants that met testing criteria. Blood samples collected in were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a subset of 2011–2016 blood samples from four-year-old children were tested for endemic HCoV antibodies. Respiratory samples were tested for each of the endemic HCoVs from 2011–2016 and for SARS-CoV-2 from 2020–2021 via rt-PCR. By April 2021, 854 (49%) cohort participants were ELISA positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most participants had antibodies against one alpha and one beta coronavirus by age four. We observed 595 symptomatic endemic HCoV infections from 2011–2016 and 121 symptomatic with SARS-CoV-2 infections from March 2020-September 2021. Symptom presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and endemic coronavirus infections were very similar, and SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infections were as or less severe on average than endemic HCoV infections. This suggests that, for children, SARS-CoV-2 may be just another endemic coronavirus. However, questions about the impact of variants and the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 remain.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kubale J, Kuan G, Gresh L, Ojeda S, Schiller A, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Wraith S, Harris E, Balmaseda A, Zelner J, Gordon A. Individual-level Association of Influenza Infection With Subsequent Pneumonia: A Case-control and Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e4288-e4295. [PMID: 32717069 PMCID: PMC8662761 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Influenza may result in primary pneumonia or be associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia. While the association with secondary pneumonia has been established ecologically, individual-level evidence remains sparse and the risk period for pneumonia following influenza poorly defined. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study and a prospective cohort study among Nicaraguan children aged 0-14 years from 2011 through 2018. Physicians diagnosed pneumonia cases based on Integrated Management for Childhood Illness guidelines. Cases were matched with up to 4 controls on age (months) and study week. We fit conditional logistic regression models to assess the association between influenza subtype and subsequent pneumonia development, and a Bayesian nonlinear survival model to estimate pneumonia hazard following influenza. RESULTS Participants with influenza had greater risk of developing pneumonia in the 30 days following onset compared to those without influenza (matched odds ratio [mOR], 2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.9-3.9]). Odds of developing pneumonia were highest for participants following A(H1N1)pdm09 illness (mOR, 3.7 [95% CI, 2.0-6.9]), followed by influenza B and A(H3N2). Participants' odds of pneumonia following influenza were not constant, showing distinct peaks 0-6 days (mOR, 8.3 [95% CI, 4.8-14.5] days) and 14-20 (mOR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.1-5.5] days) after influenza infection. CONCLUSIONS Influenza is a significant driver of both primary and secondary pneumonia among children. The presence of distinct periods of elevated pneumonia risk in the 30 days following influenza supports multiple etiological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sócrates Flores Vivas Health Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Steph Wraith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Jon Zelner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maier HE, Balmaseda A, Ojeda S, Cerpas C, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, van Bakel H, Kubale J, Lopez R, Saborio S, Barilla C, Harris E, Kuan G, Gordon A. An immune correlate of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of reinfections. medRxiv 2021:2021.11.23.21266767. [PMID: 34845458 PMCID: PMC8629202 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.23.21266767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background An immune correlate of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Methods We used an ongoing household cohort with an embedded transmission study that closely monitors participants regardless of symptom status. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure infections and seropositivity. Sequencing was performed to determine circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the protection associated with seropositivity resulting from prior infection, the anti-spike antibody titers needed for protection, and we compared the severity of first and second infections. Results In March 2021, 62.3% of the cohort was seropositive. After March 2021, gamma and delta variants predominated. Seropositivity was associated with 69.2% protection from any infection (95% CI: 60.7%-75.9%), with higher protection against moderate or severe infection (79.4%, 95% CI: 64.9%-87.9%). Anti-spike titers of 327 and 2,551 were associated with 50% and 80% protection from any infection; titers of 284 and 656 were sufficient for protection against moderate or severe disease. Second infections were less severe than first infections (Relative Risk (RR) of moderated or severe disease: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98; RR of subclinical disease:1.9, 95% CI: 1.33-2.73). Conclusions Prior infection-induced immunity is protective against infection when predominantly gamma and delta SARS-CoV-2 circulated. The protective antibody titers presented may be useful for vaccine policy and control measures. While second infections were somewhat less severe, they were not as mild as ideal. A strategy involving vaccination will be needed to ease the burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia at the Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas at the Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Cristiam Cerpas
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia at the Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | - John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia at the Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Saira Saborio
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia at the Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | | | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas at the Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Katzelnick LC, Zambrana JV, Elizondo D, Collado D, Garcia N, Arguello S, Mercado JC, Miranda T, Ampie O, Mercado BL, Narvaez C, Gresh L, Binder RA, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Latta K, Schiller A, Coloma J, Carrillo FB, Narvaez F, Halloran ME, Gordon A, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Dengue and Zika virus infections in children elicit cross-reactive protective and enhancing antibodies that persist long term. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg9478. [PMID: 34613812 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg9478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.,Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nadezna Garcia
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sonia Arguello
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Juan Carlos Mercado
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | | | | | | | - César Narvaez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Raquel A Binder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | | | - Krista Latta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Fausto Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | | | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1617, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua 12014, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Napoli S, Sanchis M, Baraibar I, Garcia A, Ann Wornham N, Sanchez N, Piris A, Garralda E, Elez Fernandez E, Tabernero J, Nuciforo P, Bayo N. P-112 Compliance analysis of biological samples and questionnaire collection in a colorectal cancer microbiome study: The VHIO experience. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
30
|
Wagner AL, Gresh L, Sanchez N, Kuan G, Kubale J, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Influenza Illness and Partial Vaccination in the First Two Years of Life. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060676. [PMID: 34203000 PMCID: PMC8235291 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More information about influenza in low- and middle-income countries could guide the establishment of pediatric influenza vaccine programs. This study (1) characterizes the burden of influenza in infants, and (2) compares signs and symptoms by prior influenza vaccination or influenza illness. Newborns from Managua, Nicaragua, were followed for two years. Data came from primary medical appointments, PCR testing, and parents’ daily symptom diaries. Logistic regression models estimated associations between preceding vaccination or illness and influenza incidence. Linear models compared duration of illness by prior vaccination or influenza illness. Among 833 infants, 31% had PCR-positive influenza, and 28% were vaccinated against influenza. Four (<0.5%) were fully vaccinated. Overall, influenza incidence was 21.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.8, 23.2) per 100 person-years. Incidence was lower among those with prior influenza compared with those without preceding illness or vaccination (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94). Partially vaccinated children had 1 day less fever than those without prior illness or vaccination (p = 0.049). A large proportion of children <2 years in Nicaragua contract influenza. Illness was attenuated for those partially vaccinated. Since few children were fully vaccinated, future studies will need to consider the effectiveness of a two-dose vaccination schedule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.L.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua; (L.G.); (N.S.); (G.K.); (R.L.); (S.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua; (L.G.); (N.S.); (G.K.); (R.L.); (S.O.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua 12014, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua; (L.G.); (N.S.); (G.K.); (R.L.); (S.O.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua 12014, Nicaragua
| | - John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.L.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua; (L.G.); (N.S.); (G.K.); (R.L.); (S.O.); (A.B.)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua; (L.G.); (N.S.); (G.K.); (R.L.); (S.O.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua 12014, Nicaragua
| | | | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua; (L.G.); (N.S.); (G.K.); (R.L.); (S.O.); (A.B.)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.L.W.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tricoche AD, Wagner AL, Balmaseda A, Sanchez N, Patel M, Lopez R, Schiller A, Ojeda S, Frutos AM, Kuan G, Gordon A. Symptoms, Infection Duration, and Hemagglutinin Inhibition Antibody Response in Influenza A Infections. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:838-842. [PMID: 32668454 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many influenza studies assume that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have equivalent antibody responses. METHODS This study examines the relationship between influenza symptoms and serological response. Influenza-positive index cases and household members in Managua, Nicaragua, during 2012-2017 were categorized by symptom status. RESULTS Antibody response was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI). Among 510 cases, 74.5% had ≥4-fold increase in HAI antibodies, and 75.3% had febrile illness. In a logistic regression model, febrile cases had 2.17 times higher odds of a ≥4-fold titer rise compared to asymptomatic cases (95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.64). CONCLUSIONS Studies relying on serological assays may not generalize to asymptomatic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria D Tricoche
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aaron M Frutos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maier HE, Nachbagauer R, Kuan G, Ng S, Lopez R, Sanchez N, Stadlbauer D, Gresh L, Schiller A, Rajabhathor A, Ojeda S, Guglia AF, Amanat F, Balmaseda A, Krammer F, Gordon A. Pre-existing Antineuraminidase Antibodies Are Associated With Shortened Duration of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm Virus Shedding and Illness in Naturally Infected Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2290-2297. [PMID: 31300819 PMCID: PMC7245146 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza causes a substantial burden worldwide, and current seasonal influenza vaccine has suboptimal effectiveness. To develop better, more broadly protective vaccines, a more thorough understanding is needed of how antibodies that target the influenza virus surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) (including head and stalk regions) and neuraminidase (NA), impact influenza illness and virus transmission. Methods We used a case-ascertained, community-based study of household influenza virus transmission set in Managua, Nicaragua. Using data from 170 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm infections and 45 household members with serologically confirmed infection, we examined the association of pre-existing NA, hemagglutination inhibiting, and HA stalk antibody levels and influenza viral shedding and disease duration using accelerated failure time models. Results Among RT-PCR–confirmed infections in adults, pre-existing anti-NA antibody levels ≥40 were associated with a 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34–85%) shortened shedding duration (mean, 1.0 vs 3.2 days). Neuraminidase antibody levels ≥80 were associated with further shortened shedding and significantly shortened symptom duration (influenza-like illness, 82%; 95% CI, 39–95%). Among RT-PCR–confirmed infections in children, hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥1:20 were associated with a 32% (95% CI, 13–47%) shortened shedding duration (mean, 3.9 vs 6.0 days). Conclusions Our results suggest that anti-NA antibodies play a large role in reducing influenza illness duration in adults and may impact transmission, most clearly among adults. Neuraminidase should be considered as an additional target in next-generation influenza virus vaccine development. We found that antibodies against neuraminidase were associated with significantly shortened viral shedding, and among adults they were also associated with shortened symptom duration. These results support neuraminidase as a potential target of next-generation influenza virus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sophia Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arvind Rajabhathor
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Andrea F Guglia
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kubale J, Balmaseda A, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Gresh L, Ojeda S, Harris E, Kuan G, Zelner J, Gordon A. Pneumonia following symptomatic influenza infection among Nicaraguan children before and after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 2020; 224:643-647. [PMID: 33351091 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is associated with primary viral and secondary bacterial pneumonias; however, the dynamics of this relationship in populations with varied levels of pneumococcal vaccination remain unclear. We conducted nested matched case-control studies in two prospective cohorts of Nicaraguan children aged 2-14 years: one before PCV introduction (2008-2010) and one following its introduction and near universal adoption (2011-2018). The association between influenza and pneumonia was similar in both cohorts. Participants with influenza (across types/subtypes) had higher odds of developing pneumonia in the month following influenza infection. These findings underscore the importance of considering influenza in interventions to reduce global pneumonia burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnósticoy Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnósticoy Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Jon Zelner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wagner A, Gresh L, Sanchez N, Kuan G, Lopez R, Ojeda S, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. A longitudinal study of influenza among infants in Managua, Nicaragua. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
35
|
Katzelnick LC, Narvaez C, Arguello S, Lopez Mercado B, Collado D, Ampie O, Elizondo D, Miranda T, Bustos Carillo F, Mercado JC, Latta K, Schiller A, Segovia-Chumbez B, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Coloma J, Halloran ME, Premkumar L, Gordon A, Narvaez F, de Silva AM, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Zika virus infection enhances future risk of severe dengue disease. Science 2020; 369:1123-1128. [PMID: 32855339 PMCID: PMC8274975 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Zika pandemic sparked intense interest in whether immune interactions among dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV1 to -4) extend to the closely related Zika virus (ZIKV). We investigated prospective pediatric cohorts in Nicaragua that experienced sequential DENV1 to -3 (2004 to 2015), Zika (2016 to 2017), and DENV2 (2018 to 2020) epidemics. Risk of symptomatic DENV2 infection and severe disease was elevated by one prior ZIKV infection, one prior DENV infection, or one prior DENV infection followed by one ZIKV infection, compared with being flavivirus-naïve. By contrast, multiple prior DENV infections reduced dengue risk. Further, although high preexisting anti-DENV antibody titers protected against DENV1, DENV3, and ZIKV disease, intermediate titers induced by previous ZIKV or DENV infection enhanced future risk of DENV2 disease and severity, as well as DENV3 severity. The observation that prior ZIKV infection can modulate dengue disease severity like a DENV serotype poses challenges to development of dengue and Zika vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fausto Bustos Carillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Mercado
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Krista Latta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Segovia-Chumbez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tsang TK, Lee KH, Foxman B, Balmaseda A, Gresh L, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Lopez R, Yang Y, Kuan G, Gordon A. Association Between the Respiratory Microbiome and Susceptibility to Influenza Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1195-1203. [PMID: 31562814 PMCID: PMC7442850 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that the nose/throat microbiome may play an important role in shaping host immunity and modifying the risk of respiratory infection. Our aim is to quantify the association between the nose/throat microbiome and susceptibility to influenza virus infection. METHODS In this household transmission study, index cases with confirmed influenza virus infection and their household contacts were followed for 9-12 days to identify secondary influenza infections. Respiratory swabs were collected at enrollment to identify and quantify bacterial species via high-performance sequencing. Data were analyzed by an individual hazard-based transmission model that was adjusted for age, vaccination, and household size. RESULTS We recruited 115 index cases with influenza A(H3N2) or B infection and 436 household contacts. We estimated that a 10-fold increase in the abundance in Streptococcus spp. and Prevotella salivae was associated with 48% (95% credible interval [CrI], 9-69%) and 25% (95% CrI, 0.5-42%) lower susceptibility to influenza A(H3N2) infection, respectively. In contrast, for influenza B infection, a 10-fold increase in the abundance in Streptococcus vestibularis and Prevotella spp. was associated with 63% (95% CrI, 17-83%) lower and 83% (95% CrI, 15-210%) higher susceptibility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to influenza infection is associated with the nose/throat microbiome at the time of exposure. The effects of oligotypes on susceptibility differ between influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses. Our results suggest that microbiome may be a useful predictor of susceptibility, with the implication that microbiome could be modulated to reduce influenza infection risk, should these associations be causal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim K Tsang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kyu Han Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maier HE, Kuan G, Gresh L, Lopez R, Sanchez N, Schiller A, Ojeda S, Harris E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Obesity is associated with increased susceptibility to influenza A (H1N1pdm) but not H3N2 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e4345-e4352. [PMID: 32642771 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been shown to increase the risk of severe outcomes and death for influenza virus infections. However, we don't understand the influence of obesity on susceptibility to infection or on non-severe influenza outcomes. METHODS We performed a case-ascertained, community-based study of influenza transmission within households in Nicaragua. To investigate whether obesity increases the likelihood of influenza infection and symptomatic infection we use logistic regression models. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 335 index cases with influenza A and 1,506 of their household contacts were enrolled. Obesity was associated with increased susceptibility to symptomatic H1N1pdm infection among adults (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.08-4.06), but not children, and this association increased with age. Among adults with H1N1pdm infection, obesity was associated with increased likelihood of symptoms (OR: 3.91, 95%CI: 1.55-9.87). For middle aged and older adults with obesity there was also a slight increase in susceptibility to any H1N1pdm infection (OR: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.62-2.34). Body Mass Index (BMI) was also linearly associated with increased susceptibility to symptomatic H1N1pdm infection, primarily among middle aged and older adult women (5-unit BMI increase OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.00-1.97). Obesity was not associated with increased H3N2 susceptibility or associated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We found that among adults obesity is associated with susceptibility to H1N1pdm infection and with symptoms associated with H1N1pdm infection, but not with susceptibility to H3N2 infection or associated symptoms. These findings will help target prevention efforts and therapeutics to this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fayne R, Castillo D, Sanchez N, Burroway B, Nanda S, De Bedout V, Stratman S, Rosen J, Darwin E, Nagrani N, Gonzalez A, Paul S, Maderal A, Elgart G, Kirsner R, Nichols A. Dermatology consultation service at a large metropolitan hospital system serving minority populations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2120-2126. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Fayne
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - D.E. Castillo
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - N. Sanchez
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - B. Burroway
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - S. Nanda
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - V. De Bedout
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - S. Stratman
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - J. Rosen
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - E. Darwin
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - N. Nagrani
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - A. Gonzalez
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - S. Paul
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - A. Maderal
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - G. Elgart
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - R. Kirsner
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - A. Nichols
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kubale J, Kuan G, Gresh L, Ojeda S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Sanchez N, Lopez R, Harris E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Assessing the Incidence of Symptomatic Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness Within a Prospective Birth Cohort in Managua, Nicaragua. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 70:2029-2035. [PMID: 31257406 PMCID: PMC7201406 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, commonly through acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). To assess the incidence rate of symptomatic RSV illness among young children, we conducted a prospective birth cohort study following children from 0-2 years of age in Managua, Nicaragua. METHODS Children meeting the testing criteria (fever, history of fever, or severe respiratory symptoms [apnea, stridor, nasal flaring, wheezing, chest indrawing, and/or central cyanosis]) were tested for RSV infections using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. An acute lower respiratory infection was defined as a diagnosis of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or bronchial hyperreactivity. The incidence rate was calculated, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a Poisson distribution. RESULTS A total of 833 children participated in the cohort: 289 (34.7%) had at least 1 episode of laboratory-confirmed RSV, and 156 (18.7%) of had an episode of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI). The incidence rate of symptomatic RSV was 248.1 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 223.2-275.7). While infants aged 6-11 months had the highest incidence of symptomatic RSV (361.3/1000 person-years, 95% CI 304.4-428.8), infants <3 months had the highest incidence of severe RSV (RSV-associated hospitalizations and/or severe ALRI). RSV was also associated with 25.0-37.5% of deaths from medical causes (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS A substantial burden of RSV exists among children aged <2 years in Nicaraguan communities. RSV was also a leading cause of infant mortality among study participants. The development and implementation of effective RSV prevention and treatment measures represent an opportunity to substantially reduce severe illness and death among children worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Kubale
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sócrates Flores Vivas Health Center, Ministry of Health
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Burger-Calderon R, Bustos Carrillo F, Gresh L, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Katzelnick L, Mercado BL, Monterrey JC, Elizondo D, Arguello S, Nuñez A, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Kuan G, Harris E. Age-dependent manifestations and case definitions of paediatric Zika: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:371-380. [PMID: 31870907 PMCID: PMC7085943 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paedeatric Zika remains an understudied topic. WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Zika case definitions have not been assessed in children. We aimed to characterise clinical profiles and evaluate the diagnostic performance of the WHO and PAHO case definitions in a large cohort of paediatric Zika cases. METHODS From January, 2016 to February, 2017, encompassing the major 2016 Zika epidemic, participants in the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study (PDCS) in Managua, Nicaragua, were encouraged to visit the study health centre at first indication of any illness. PDCS participants were aged 2-14 years, healthy at enrolment, and recruited before the initiation of the present study. Molecular and serological assays were used to test participants exhibiting any of four broad clinical profiles suspected of resulting from a symptomatic Zika virus infection. These clinical profiles were: fever and at least two of headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, haemorrhagic manifestations, and leukopenia; fever and at least two of nausea or vomiting, rash, aches and pains, positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and any dengue warning sign; undifferentiated fever without evident cause, with or without any other clinical finding; and afebrile rash with or without any other clinical finding. We characterised acute clinical findings (signs, symptoms, and complete blood counts) in both Zika cases and non-Zika cases. FINDINGS We prospectively followed a cohort of about 3700 children, of which 1110 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Four participants with laboratory-confirmed Zika (three co-infections with dengue virus, one missing complete blood count data) and two participants who were non-Zika cases (missing complete blood count data) were excluded from analysis. We analysed 556 laboratory-confirmed Zika and 548 non-Zika cases. The WHO case definition captured 176 confirmed Zika cases, and the PAHO definition 109 confirmed Zika cases, who presented with the most clinical findings and a dengue-like clinical profile. The remaining two thirds of Zika cases, principally characterised by undifferentiated fever or afebrile rash, were missed. Among Zika cases, rash (n=440)-particularly generalised erythematous rash (n=334)-fever (n=333), leukopenia (n=217), and headache (n=203) were most common and peaked within 3 days of illness onset. The most common Zika presentation over the first week of illness was rash only (n=80). The sensitivity of Zika case definitions increased across paediatric age (from 11·3% to 56·1% for the WHO case definition and from 6·0% to 36·6% for the PAHO case definition), as the prevalence of most clinical findings (particularly arthralgia) increased with age, irrespective of previous dengue virus infection. Consequently, Zika manifested differently across paediatric age; older Zika cases presented with a dengue-like clinical profile while younger Zika cases presented with undifferentiated fever or afebrile rash. INTERPRETATION We provide the most thorough description of paediatric Zika to date. Most paediatric Zika cases go undetected under the WHO and PAHO case definitions, suggesting that current standards for Zika case ascertainment require revision. Zika manifests with mild but differing clinical profiles across paediatric age, presenting major challenges to diagnosis, surveillance, and efforts to control future Zika epidemics. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Burger-Calderon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Fausto Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Leah Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Nuñez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua; National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua; National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maier HE, Lopez R, Sanchez N, Ng S, Gresh L, Ojeda S, Burger-Calderon R, Kuan G, Harris E, Balmaseda A, Gordon A. Obesity Increases the Duration of Influenza A Virus Shedding in Adults. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1378-1382. [PMID: 30085119 PMCID: PMC6151083 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies indicate that obesity increases the risk of severe complications and death from influenza virus infections, especially in elderly individuals. This work investigates the effect of obesity on the duration of viral shedding within household transmission studies in Managua, Nicaragua, over 3 seasons (2015–2017). Symptomatic obese adults were shown to shed influenza A virus 42% longer than nonobese adults (adjusted event time ratio [ETR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.89); no association was observed with influenza B virus shedding duration. Even among paucisymptomatic and asymptomatic adults, obesity increased the influenza A shedding duration by 104% (adjusted ETR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.35–3.09). These findings suggest that obesity may play an important role in influenza transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Maier
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Roger Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sophia Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Raquel Burger-Calderon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Burroway B, Sanchez N, Le J, Kirsner R, Nichols A. LB1132 Inspiring the next generation of dermatologists: A simple, easily reproducible way to increase diversity within dermatology. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Fayne R, Nanda S, Castillo D, De Bedout V, Sanchez N, Williams N, Ahern E, Shen J, Nichols A. LB1091 A retrospective study of combination field therapy for the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
De Bedout V, Sanchez N, Fayne R, Castillo D, Nanda S, Paul S, Kirsner R, Nichols A. LB1065 Review of admissions to an inpatient dermatology service in a large, academic hospital setting. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Ng S, Nachbagauer R, Balmaseda A, Stadlbauer D, Ojeda S, Patel M, Rajabhathor A, Lopez R, Guglia AF, Sanchez N, Amanat F, Gresh L, Kuan G, Krammer F, Gordon A. Novel correlates of protection against pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection. Nat Med 2019; 25:962-967. [PMID: 31160818 PMCID: PMC6608747 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,St. Jude Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN, USA.,Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,St. Jude Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN, USA.,Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arvind Rajabhathor
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Andrea F Guglia
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Florian Krammer
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,St. Jude Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gordon A, Tsang TK, Cowling BJ, Kuan G, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Gresh L, Lopez R, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Urban Households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1882-1888. [PMID: 30226161 PMCID: PMC6154158 DOI: 10.3201/eid2410.161258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this low-income country setting, ≈16% of household contacts acquired infections from index patients, despite high oseltamivir use. During August 2012–November 2014, we conducted a case ascertainment study to investigate household transmission of influenza virus in Managua, Nicaragua. We collected up to 5 respiratory swab samples from each of 536 household contacts of 133 influenza virus–infected persons and assessed for evidence of influenza virus transmission. The overall risk for influenza virus infection of household contacts was 15.7% (95% CI 12.7%–19.0%). Oseltamivir treatment of index patients did not appear to reduce household transmission. The mean serial interval for within-household transmission was 3.1 (95% CI 1.6–8.4) days. We found the transmissibility of influenza B virus to be higher than that of influenza A virus among children. Compared with households with <4 household contacts, those with >4 household contacts appeared to have a reduced risk for infection. Further research is needed to model household influenza virus transmission and design interventions for these settings.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sanchez N, Burroway B, Nichols A. 222 Dermatologist healthy habit counseling. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
48
|
Sanchez N, Burroway B, Cassidy V, Nichols A. 186 Factors causing lack of diversity in dermatology residency programs: Medical students’ perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
49
|
Burroway B, Sanchez N, Nichols A. 224 Patient preferences when choosing a dermatologist. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
50
|
Burroway B, Sanchez N, De Bedout V, Nichols A. 177 Counseling in dermatology: Patients’ perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|