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Sadoughi A, Sarkar A, Novotney C, Chan C, Moreno G, Oren S, Moss L, Aharoni K, Bari SE, Edery N, Ohri N. Bronchoscopic deployment and implantation of Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy into the lung and mediastinum for treatment of lung cancer: a pre-clinical safety and feasibility study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:60-75. [PMID: 38404993 PMCID: PMC10891399 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is a standard treatment modality in cancer therapy, particularly for lung cancer. Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy sources (hereafter, "Alpha DaRTs") are fixed with Ra-244 (half-life =3.6 days) that releases alpha-emitting atoms into the tumor tissue to an effective range of a few millimeters. Methods The feasibility, usability, and safety of Alpha DaRTs deployment and implantation via bronchoscopy into the lung parenchyma and mediastinum in a big animal model of healthy swine was studied in two phases: (I) inert and (II) active Alpha DaRTs deployment. The Alpha DaRTs were inserted in both individual and cluster patterns based on a predefined plan. Swine health was monitored throughout the study. The usability of bronchoscopic deployment and implantation was evaluated using a user questionnaire. The movement and migration of the Alpha DaRTs were assessed. Necropsy was performed, and lungs were evaluated via gross pathology and histopathology. Results A total of 158 Alpha DaRTs were inserted successfully in the lung parenchyma and mediastinum of five swine in two phases. It was possible to deliver and place the Alpha DaRTs in clusters of no more than 4 mm distance between the Alpha DaRTs. No adverse event or change in the health and general condition of animals was observed. Hematologic evaluation did not show any clinically significant abnormality related to the Alpha DaRTs. Histopathology demonstrated local mild inflammatory changes, minimal fibrosis, and dystrophic mineralization with giant cells. Minimal movement and no migration of Alpha DaRTs were observed. Conclusions Bronchoscopic deployment of Alpha DaRTs in the lung parenchyma and mediastinum of the porcine animal is feasible, precise, and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadoughi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Carol Novotney
- Center for Animal Resources and Education (C.A.R.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christine Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Center for Animal Resources and Education (C.A.R.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Shwartz D, Nachum-Biala Y, Oren S, Aharoni K, Edery N, Moss L, King R, Lapid R, Straubinger RK, Baneth G. Borrelia persica infection in wild carnivores in Israel: molecular characterization and new potential reservoirs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:337. [PMID: 37752595 PMCID: PMC10523677 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borrelia persica causes tick-borne relapsing fever in Israel, the eastern Mediterranean basin, and Asia. Relapsing fever is associated with severe illness and potentially death in humans and animals. Since B. persica infection has rarely been described in wild animals, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infection with B. persica in wild carnivores in Israel. METHODS Spleen and blood clot samples from wild carnivores, which underwent necropsy, were tested for the presence of Borrelia DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were sequenced, and the spirochete loads were quantified using a specific quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS A total of 140 samples from 74 wild carnivores were analyzed for the presence of Borrelia DNA. Six out of the 74 (8.1%) animals were found positive for B. persica by PCR and sequencing of the flagellin B gene, of which 4/74 (5.4%) were also positive by PCR for the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpQ) gene. Positive samples were obtained from three European badgers, and one striped hyena, golden jackal, and red fox each. All B. persica-positive animals were young males (P < 0.0001). Quantifiable results were obtained from 3/5 spleen and 4/5 blood samples. The spirochete loads in the blood were significantly higher than those found in the spleen (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of B. persica infection found in wild carnivores brought for necropsy was unexpectedly high, suggesting that this infection is widespread in some wild animal species in Israel. This is the first report of B. persica infection in the European badger and striped hyena. These carnivores have a wide geographical range of activity, and the results of this survey raise the possibility that they may serve as reservoir hosts for B. persica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Shwartz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stephanie Oren
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Pathology Department, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Kobi Aharoni
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Pathology Department, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Pathology Department, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Lior Moss
- Pathology Department, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Roni King
- Israeli National Parks and Nature Reserves, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roi Lapid
- Israeli National Parks and Nature Reserves, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reinhard K Straubinger
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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David D, Asiku J, Storm N, Lapin K, Berkowitz A, Kovtunenko A, Edery N, King R, Sol A. Identification, Isolation, and Molecular Characterization of Betacoronavirus in Oryx leucoryx. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0484822. [PMID: 37428095 PMCID: PMC10433975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04848-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped viruses with a large RNA genome (26 to 32 kb) and are classified into four genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. CoV infections cause respiratory, enteric, and neurologic disorders in mammalian and avian species. In 2019, Oryx leucoryx animals suffered from severe hemorrhagic diarrhea and high morbidity rates. Upon initial diagnosis, we found that the infected animals were positive for coronavirus by pancoronavirus reverse transcriptase RT-PCR. Next, we detected the presence of CoV particles in these samples by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. CoV was isolated and propagated on the HRT-18G cell line, and its full genome was sequenced. Full-genome characterization and amino acid comparisons of this viral agent demonstrated that this virus is an evolutionarily distinct Betacoronavirus belonging to the subgenus Embecovirus and the Betacoronavirus 1 species. Furthermore, we found that it is most similar to the subspecies dromedary camel coronavirus HKU23 by phylogenetic analysis. Here, we present the first report of isolation and characterization of Betacoronavirus associated with enteric disease in Oryx leucoryx. IMPORTANCE CoVs cause enteric and respiratory infections in humans and animal hosts. The ability of CoVs to cross interspecies barriers is well recognized, as emphasized by the ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The identification of novel CoV strains and surveillance of CoVs in both humans and animals are relevant and important to global health. In this study, we isolated and characterized a newly identified Betacoronavirus that causes enteric disease in a wild animal, Oryx leucoryx (the Arabian oryx). This work is the first report describing CoV infection in Oryx leucoryx and provides insights into its origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan David
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Jimmy Asiku
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nick Storm
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Katya Lapin
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | | | | | - Nir Edery
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Roni King
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Sol
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
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Kalyesubula M, Mopuri R, Asiku J, Rosov A, Yosefi S, Edery N, Bocobza S, Moallem U, Dvir H. High-dose vitamin B1 therapy prevents the development of experimental fatty liver driven by overnutrition. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.048355. [PMID: 33608323 PMCID: PMC7988776 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is an abnormal metabolic condition of excess intrahepatic fat. This condition, referred to as hepatic steatosis, is tightly associated with chronic liver disease and systemic metabolic morbidity. The most prevalent form in humans, i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver, generally develops due to overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle, and has as yet no approved drug therapy. Previously, we have developed a relevant large-animal model in which overnourished sheep raised on a high-calorie carbohydrate-rich diet develop hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with thiamine (vitamin B1) can counter the development of hepatic steatosis driven by overnutrition. Remarkably, the thiamine-treated animals presented with completely normal levels of intrahepatic fat, despite consuming the same amount of liver-fattening diet. Thiamine treatment also decreased hyperglycemia and increased the glycogen content of the liver, but it did not improve insulin sensitivity, suggesting that steatosis can be addressed independently of targeting insulin resistance. Thiamine increased the catalytic capacity for hepatic oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. However, at gene-expression levels, more-pronounced effects were observed on lipid-droplet formation and lipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein, suggesting that thiamine affects lipid metabolism not only through its known classic coenzyme roles. This discovery of the potent anti-steatotic effect of thiamine may prove clinically useful in managing fatty liver-related disorders.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel.,Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Jimmy Asiku
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel.,Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Rosov
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sara Yosefi
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Pathology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Hay Dvir
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
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Mazuz ML, Laughery JM, Lebovitz B, Yasur-Landau D, Rot A, Bastos RG, Edery N, Fleiderovitz L, Levi MM, Suarez CE. Experimental Infection of Calves with Transfected Attenuated Babesia bovis Expressing the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86 Antigen and eGFP Marker: Preliminary Studies towards a Dual Anti-Tick/Babesia Vaccine. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020135. [PMID: 33572875 PMCID: PMC7911397 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, is a major tick-borne disease of cattle with global economic impact. The disease can be prevented using integrated control measures including attenuated Babesia vaccines, babesicidal drugs, and tick control approaches. Vaccination of cattle with the Rhipicephalus microplus Bm86-based recombinant vaccine reduces the fitness of R. microplus and R. annulatus, but several booster inoculations are required to maintain protection. Herein, we generated a stable transfected strain of B. bovis expressing an enhanced GFP (eGFP) and a chimeric version of Bm86 (B. bovis/Bm86/eGFP). The eGFP was expressed in the parasite cytoplasm, whereas Bm86 was displayed on the surface of merozoites. Three splenectomized calves experimentally infected with B. bovis/Bm86/eGFP showed mild signs of acute disease and developed long-lasting antibody responses to B. bovis and native Bm86. No evidence of sequestration of parasites in the cerebral capillaries was found upon postmortem analysis, confirming attenuation of the strain. This is the first report of transfected B. bovis expressing the tick antigen Bm86 on the merozoite surface that elicits an antibody response to native Bm86. These results represent a proof of concept for a novel live, attenuated, tagged dual-vaccine approach to attempt simultaneous control of babesiosis and tick infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Mazuz
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (B.L.); (D.Y.-L.); (A.R.); (L.F.); (M.M.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (C.E.S.); Tel.: +972-3-968-1690 (M.L.M.); Tel.: +1-509-335-6341 (C.E.S.)
| | - Jacob M. Laughery
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA; (J.M.L.); (R.G.B.)
| | - Benjamin Lebovitz
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (B.L.); (D.Y.-L.); (A.R.); (L.F.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Daniel Yasur-Landau
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (B.L.); (D.Y.-L.); (A.R.); (L.F.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Assael Rot
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (B.L.); (D.Y.-L.); (A.R.); (L.F.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Reginaldo G. Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA; (J.M.L.); (R.G.B.)
| | - Nir Edery
- Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
| | - Ludmila Fleiderovitz
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (B.L.); (D.Y.-L.); (A.R.); (L.F.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Maayan Margalit Levi
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O.B. 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (B.L.); (D.Y.-L.); (A.R.); (L.F.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Carlos E. Suarez
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA; (J.M.L.); (R.G.B.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, WSU, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (C.E.S.); Tel.: +972-3-968-1690 (M.L.M.); Tel.: +1-509-335-6341 (C.E.S.)
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Mopuri R, Kalyesubula M, Rosov A, Edery N, Moallem U, Dvir H. Improved Folch Method for Liver-Fat Quantification. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:594853. [PMID: 33511163 PMCID: PMC7835396 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver represents a significant metabolic pathology of excess intrahepatic fat in domestic animals and humans. Quantification of hepatic-fat content is therefore essential for diagnosis and investigation of liver and metabolic disease. However, the reproducibility of hepatic steatosis analysis is often low due to subjective and technical factors. We hypothesized that improvement in tissue-lipids extraction efficiency would contribute to the accuracy and precision of liver-fat determination. To test it, we investigated the effect of standardized tissue sonication on liver-fat quantification by the Folch method in sheep. Liver samples from grownup lambs of lean (n = 16) and fatty (n = 15) livers, and from pregnant ewes (n = 6) who died from pregnancy toxemia (PT), were used for hepatic-fat content determination with or without tissue sonication. In the grown lambs, an average hepatic-fat content of 6.6% was determined in sonicated compared to 5.1% in non-sonicated specimens (P = 0.0002). Similarly, in ewes with PT, an average of 12.5% was determined with sonication compared to 10.8% without it (P = 0.0006), and the reproducibility was higher with sonication (CV of 3.1 vs. 6.1%, respectively). Thus, tissue sonication improved the efficiency of liver-lipids extraction and was significant to the accuracy and precision of hepatic-fat determination. Enzymatic quantification of triglycerides was moderately correlated with the results obtained gravimetrically (r = 0.632, P < 0.005). The reported data provide reliable reference values for pregnancy toxemic sheep. The significant improvement in liver-fat quantification observed with the reported revised protocol is likely applicable to most mammals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramgopal Mopuri
- Volcani Center-Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Volcani Center-Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Rishon LeZion, Israel.,Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Rosov
- Volcani Center-Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Pathology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Volcani Center-Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hay Dvir
- Volcani Center-Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Leszkowicz Mazuz M, Mimoun L, Schvartz G, Tirosh-Levy S, Savitzki I, Edery N, Blum SE, Baneth G, Pusterla N, Steinman A. Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110962. [PMID: 33228059 PMCID: PMC7699351 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In horses, Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of Neospora spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel. The presence of anti-Neospora spp. antibodies was evaluated in 31 aborting mares by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the presence of parasite DNA in their aborted fetuses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two target loci (ITS1 and Nc5). The seroprevalence found in aborting mares was 70.9% and the prevalence by DNA detection in the aborted fetuses was 41.9%. Transplacental transmission from positive mares to their fetuses was 45.4% (10/22), while 33.3% (3/9) of fetuses of seronegative mares also tested positive for Neospora. The use of two PCR targets improved the sensitivity of parasite detection, and positive samples were identified by sequence analyses as N. caninum. These finding suggest that N. caninum could be a significant cause of abortion in horses, and that transplacental transmission in horses is an important way of transmission of N.caninum. The results presented here demonstrated the necessity to use several tests concurrently, including serological and molecular assays in order to confirm the involvement of Neospora in mare abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (A.S.); Tel.: +972-3-968-1690 (M.L.M.); +972-3-968-8544 (A.S.)
| | - Lea Mimoun
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Gili Schvartz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Sharon Tirosh-Levy
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (I.S.)
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Igor Savitzki
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (I.S.)
| | - Nir Edery
- Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel;
| | - Shlomo E. Blum
- Division of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel;
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Amir Steinman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (A.S.); Tel.: +972-3-968-1690 (M.L.M.); +972-3-968-8544 (A.S.)
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Schvartz G, Farnoushi Y, Berkowitz A, Edery N, Hahn S, Steinman A, Lublin A, Erster O. Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:528. [PMID: 33092614 PMCID: PMC7579921 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this report we describe the molecular and pathological characteristics of West Nile virus (WNV) infection that occurred during the summer and fall of 2018 in avian species and equines. WNV is reported in Israel since the 1950s, with occasional outbreaks leading to significant morbidity and mortality in birds, high infection in horses and humans, and sporadic fatalities in humans. METHODS Animal and avian carcasses in a suitable condition were examined by post-mortem analysis. Tissue samples were examined for WNV by RT-qPCR and the viral load was quantified. Samples with sufficient material quality were further analyzed by Endpoint PCR and sequencing, which was used for phylogenetic analysis. Tissue samples from positive animals were used for culturing the virus in Vero and C6/36 cells. RESULTS WNV RNA was detected in one yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), two long-eared owls (Asio otus), two domesticated geese (Anser anser), one pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), four hooded crows (Corvus cornix), three horses and one donkey. Pathological and histopathological findings were characteristic of viral infection. Molecular analysis and viral load quantification showed varying degrees of infection, ranging between 70-1.4 × 106 target copies per sample. Phylogenetic analysis of a 906-bp genomic segment showed that all samples belonged to Lineage 1 clade 1a, with the following partition: five samples from 2018 and one sample detected in 2016 were of Cluster 2 Eastern European, two of Cluster 2 Mediterranean and four of Cluster 4. Four of the positive samples was successfully propagated in C6/36 and Vero cell lines for further work. CONCLUSIONS WNV is constantly circulating in wild and domesticated birds and animals in Israel, necessitating constant surveillance in birds and equines. At least three WNV strains were circulating in the suspected birds and animals examined. Quantitative analysis showed that the viral load varies significantly between different organs and tissues of the infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Schvartz
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yigal Farnoushi
- Division of Avian diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Asaf Berkowitz
- Division of Avian diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Shelly Hahn
- Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Amir Steinman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avishai Lublin
- Division of Avian diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oran Erster
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Present Address: Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Tirosh-Levy S, Steinman A, Minderigiu A, Arieli O, Savitski I, Fleiderovitz L, Edery N, Schvartz G, Leszkowicz Mazuz M. High Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora Spp. in Donkeys in Israel: Serological Survey and Case Reports. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101921. [PMID: 33086723 PMCID: PMC7589725 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are major pathogenic parasites of animals worldwide, with the first also affecting humans. These parasites have two-host life cycles, with the cat and the dog being the definitive hosts of T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. Both parasites can infect various animal species, as intermediate hosts, in which they form tissue cysts and may cause abortions and neurological disease. Both parasites have been reported in wild and domestic animals in Israel. This study aimed to evaluate the serologic exposure of donkeys to these parasites. A total of 98 donkeys were examined. Half of them (n = 49) were from animal shelters in Israel, and the rest (n = 49) were working donkeys from the Palestinian Authority. Anti-T. gondii antibodies and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies were found in 94% and in 70% of the donkeys, respectively. In addition, two cases of donkeys presenting N. caninum tissue cysts, which were detected during post-mortem examination, were described. This is the first report of the exposure of donkeys to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in the area. The exposure of donkeys to both parasites was considerably higher than the exposure of other species in the area and may be the result of poor husbandry conditions and higher exposure to infection. These results indicate that donkeys may have an important role in the maintenance and transmission of these parasites. Abstract Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are closely related cyst-forming coccidian parasites, which infect various animal species and have considerable zoonotic and economic implications, respectively. Both parasites are endemic in Israel and have been reported to infect wild and domestic animals. This study was conceived to evaluate the serologic exposure of donkeys to these parasites. Serum samples were collected from 98 donkeys. Half of them (n = 49) were from animal shelters in Israel, and the rest (n = 49) were working donkeys from the Palestinian Authority. The donkeys were screened for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma and anti-Neospora antibodies by immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFATs). The seroprevalence of T. gondii and Neospora spp. was 94% and 70%, respectively, and 69% of the donkeys were exposed to both parasites. In addition, N. caninum tissue cysts were documented in two donkeys during post-mortem examination. This is the first report of the exposure of donkeys to T. gondii and Neospora spp. in the area. The high prevalence found in this study suggests that donkeys may have a role in the maintenance of these parasites in the area, thus serving as a source of infection for the definitive hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Tirosh-Levy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (I.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Amir Steinman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Avital Minderigiu
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Ori Arieli
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Igor Savitski
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (I.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Ludmila Fleiderovitz
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (I.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Nir Edery
- Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
| | - Gili Schvartz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.T.-L.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (I.S.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-1690
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10
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Kalyesubula M, Mopuri R, Rosov A, Alon T, Edery N, Moallem U, Dvir H. Hyperglycemia-stimulating diet induces liver steatosis in sheep. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12189. [PMID: 32699301 PMCID: PMC7376193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with chronic liver disease and systemic metabolic disorder. Adipose lipolysis is a recognized principal source of intrahepatic fat in various metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We hypothesized that, in the premorbid state, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) driven by excess carbohydrates abundance might play a more significant role. We employed a novel nutritional model in sheep of two distinct carbohydrates abundances. During 4 months of the dietary treatment, lambs were monitored for metabolic and terminal liver parameters. Lambs grown on the high-calorie (HC) diet were consistently more hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic than lambs grown on the lower-calorie (LC) diet (P < 0.0001). As a result, the HC lambs developed systemic- (HOMA-IR of 7.3 vs. 3.1; P < 0.0001), and adipose- (ADIPO-IR of 342.7 vs. 74.4; P < 0.0001) insulin resistance, significant adiposity (P < 0.0001), and higher plasma triglycerides (P < 0.05). Circulating leukocytes in the HC lambs had higher mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory markers CCL2 (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.04), and IL1B trended higher (P < 0.1). Remarkably, lambs on the HC diet developed substantial liver steatosis (mean fat content of 8.1 vs. 5.3% in the LC group; P < 0.0001) with a higher histological steatosis score (2.1 vs. 0.4; P < 0.0002). Hepatic steatosis was most-strongly associated with blood glucose and insulin levels but negatively correlated with circulating fatty acids-indicating a more significant contribution from hepatic DNL than from adipose lipolysis. Sheep may prove an attractive large-animal model of fatty liver and metabolic comorbidities resulting from excess carbohydrate-based energy early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Alexander Rosov
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tamir Alon
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Pathology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hay Dvir
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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11
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Blum SE, Heller DE, Jacoby S, Krifuks O, Merin U, Silanikove N, Lavon Y, Edery N, Leitner G. Physiological response of mammary glands to Escherichia coli infection:A conflict between glucose need for milk production and immune response. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9602. [PMID: 32541828 PMCID: PMC7296043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary immune and physiological responses to distinct mammary-pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) strains were studied. One gland in each of ten cows were challenged intra-mammary and milk composition (lactose, fat, total protein, casein), biochemical (glucose, glucose-6-phosphate (Glu6P), oxalate, malate, lactate, pyruvate and citrate, malate and lactate dehydrogenases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitrite, lactic peroxidase, catalase, albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin) and clotting parameters were followed for 35 days post-challenge. Challenge lead to clinical acute mastitis, with peak bacterial counts in milk at 16-24 h post-challenge. Biochemical and clotting parameters in milk reported were partially in accord with lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis, but increased Glu6P and LDH activity and prolonged lactate dehydrogenase and Glu6P/Glu alterations were found. Some alterations measured in milk resolved within days after challenge, while others endured for above one month, regardless of bacterial clearance, and some reflected physiological responses to mastitis such as the balance between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism (citrate to lactate ratios). The results suggest that E. coli mastitis can be divided into two stages: an acute, clinical phase, as an immediate response to bacterial infection in the mammary gland, and a chronic phase, independent of bacteria clearance, in response to tissue damage caused during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo E Blum
- National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dan E Heller
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Shamay Jacoby
- Institute of Animal Science, A.R.O. The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Oleg Krifuks
- National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Uzi Merin
- Food Quality and Safety, Postharvest and Food Sciences, A.R.O. The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Nissim Silanikove
- Institute of Animal Science, A.R.O. The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lavon
- Israel Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea, 38900, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Gabriel Leitner
- National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.
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David D, Davidson I, Berkowitz A, Karniely S, Edery N, Bumbarov V, Laskar O, Elazari-Volcani R. A novel poxvirus isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat in Israel. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:587-590. [PMID: 32100464 PMCID: PMC7397903 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) from the Zoological Gardens, at Tel Aviv, Israel, showed pox‐like clinical signs including vesicular and nodular skin lesions on the wings. Cell culture isolation, histopathology, electron microscopy and molecular analysis, revealed the presence of a novel bat poxvirus. Future research is needed to determine whether this virus can affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan David
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Nir Edery
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Orly Laskar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR, Ness Ziona, Israel
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13
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Golender N, Bumbarov V, Assis I, Beer M, Khinich Y, Koren O, Edery N, Eldar A, Wernike K. Shuni virus in Israel: Neurological disease and fatalities in cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1126-1131. [PMID: 30864252 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The insect-transmitted Shuni virus (SHUV) belongs to the Simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses and it is known to induce abortions, stillbirths and severe congenital malformations in ruminants and may cause neurological signs in infected horses. Here, SHUV was detected in brain samples of two Israeli cattle, which suffered from severe neurological signs that led to the deaths of the animals. During histopathological examination of the first case, a 5-month-old calf, small perivascular cuffs, composed mainly of neutrophils with few lymphocytes were observed in the brain stem and cerebrum. Similar infiltrates were also found to a lesser extent in the cerebellar meninges leading to the diagnosis of acute-subacute meningoencephalitis. The histological examination of the brainstem from the second case, a 16-month-old heifer, revealed perivascular infiltration composed of equal numbers of macrophages and neutrophils associated with cerebral and meningeal haemorrhages. In this case encephalitis was diagnosed. Viral RNA was extracted from brain samples of both cattle that suffered from severe neurological signs and was subsequently tested by a polymerase chain reaction PCR assay specific for Simbu serogroup viruses and found positive. The presence of SHUV was subsequently confirmed by the isolation of the virus from one sample and sequence analysis of both brain samples. The comparison of the complete sequences of the coding regions of all three genome segments from both cases revealed a close relationship to Shuni viruses detected in tissue samples of aborted or malformed calves or lambs born during the last years in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golender
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Velizar Bumbarov
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Itay Assis
- "Hachaklait", Mutual Society for Veterinary Services, Caesaria, Israel
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yevgeny Khinich
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ori Koren
- "Hachaklait", Mutual Society for Veterinary Services, Caesaria, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Avi Eldar
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Simbu serogroup are arbo- viruses which are mainly transmitted by Culicoides. Two members of the Simbu serogroup, Akabane and Shuni viruses, have been isolated from congenitally malformed ruminants in Israel. A recent serosurvey revealed that Israeli ruminants have been exposed to several additional Simbu viruses, including Shamonda and Sathuperi that seems to be circulating in Israel. In April 2017, an apparently healthy one-month-old male calf was transferred to the Kimron Veterinary Institute. A few days later, the calf was reported to be slow to respond to its surroundings and was not able to feed on its own. Blindness was observed upon clinical examination. RNA of the small, medium and large segments of Simbu serogroup viruses were amplified and sequenced from the testis tissues and from the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). During post-mortem examination, hydranencephaly was defined. Phylogenetic analysis of all three segments of Simbu serogroup viruses showed that the sequences detected in the Israeli calf were virtually identical to Peaton virus (PEAV). PEAV was also detected in two pools of Culicoides imicola trapped at two different locations in Israel. This is the first genomic detection of PEAV outside Australia and Japan. These results are of epidemiological significance, as they demonstrate that PEAV is circulating in Israel and affects cattle. Consequently, these results are also of relevance to a potential spread of Simbu serogroup viruses into Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Behar
- Division of ParasitologyKimron Veterinary InstituteBeit DaganIsrael
| | | | - Nir Edery
- Division of PathologyKimron Veterinary InstituteBeit DaganIsrael
| | - Tohru Yanase
- National Institute of Animal HealthNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationKagoshimaJapan
| | - Jacob Brenner
- Division of VirologyKimron Veterinary InstituteBeit DaganIsrael
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15
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Edery N, Revol M, Geffrier A, Rem K, Kerfant N, Cristofari S. [Evolution of surgical indications in upper limb functional surgery for tetraplegic patients: Retrospective study of 428 procedures]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2018; 64:178-188. [PMID: 30528908 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regarding surgical strategy for upper limb functional rehabilitation in patients with traumatic tetraplegia, there are few publications and the case series are quite small. PATIENTS AND METHOD We reviewed all traumatic quadriplegic patients, operated one by one surgeon, professor Marc Revol, for functional surgery of the upper limb in the same department from 1989 to 2018. For each patient, we recorded their gender, their group according to the international classification, their age at the time of the first surgical procedure, the length of time between the accident and the first surgery and between two procedures, the average duration of the whole surgical program, and the surgical technique used for the elbow, the wrist, the long fingers and the thumb. RESULTS We reviewed 158 cases, representing 428 surgical procedures. Some surgical principles have remained unchanged through the years: the hand opening stage comes before the closing one, and systematically includes intrinsic active palliative procedures using lassos; and restoration of long fingers grasping is consistently associated with restoration of thumb gripping and with flexor tendons tenolysis in the lassos region. Other strategic points have evolved over time: restoration of active elbow extension now systematically uses the biceps over the deltoid transfer; brachio radialis (BR) to extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and to extensor pollicis longus (EPL) transfer has been replaced by tenodesis; in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5, the hand opening stage has been consistently associated with the biceps transfer, thus shortening the surgical program to two procedures instead of three for each upper limb; split distal flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tenodesis has replaced thumb arthrodesis; and, whenever it was possible, BR has been spared from group 3 and beyond. CONCLUSION In groups 2 to 5, the indications have evolved towards the following strategy. The first surgical step includes restoration of elbow extension using biceps transfer and hand opening reinforcement through four lassos, one split distal FPL tenodesis for the thumb, and EDC and EPL tenodesis to the retinaculum. The second surgical procedure consists of restoration of long fingers and thumb flexion using one unique motor (BR or extensor carpi radialis longus), and closed tenolysis of the flexor tendons in case of adhesions in the lassos area.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Edery
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - M Revol
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Geffrier
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - K Rem
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - N Kerfant
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29200 Brest, France
| | - S Cristofari
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
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Margalit Levi M, Tirosh-Levy S, Dahan R, Berlin D, Steinman A, Edery N, Savitski I, Lebovich B, Knowles D, Suarez CE, Baneth G, Mazuz ML. First Detection of Diffuse and Cerebral Theileria equi Infection in Neonatal Filly. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Fu PP, Xia Q, He X, Barel S, Edery N, Beland FA, Shimshoni JA. Detection of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid DNA Adducts in Livers of Cattle Poisoned with Heliotropium europaeum. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:851-858. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Qingsu Xia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Xiaobo He
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Shimon Barel
- Department
of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Department
of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Frederick A. Beland
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Jakob A. Shimshoni
- Department
of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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18
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Golender N, Brenner J, Valdman M, Khinich Y, Bumbarov V, Panshin A, Edery N, Pismanik S, Behar A. Malformations Caused by Shuni Virus in Ruminants, Israel, 2014-2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:2267-8. [PMID: 26583957 PMCID: PMC4672418 DOI: 10.3201/eid2112.150804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Shimshoni JA, Britzi M, Sobol E, Willenz U, Nutt D, Edery N. 3-Methyl-methcathinone: Pharmacokinetic profile evaluation in pigs in relation to pharmacodynamics. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:734-43. [PMID: 25804420 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115576687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Methyl-methcathinone (3-MMC) is a novel, synthetic cathinone analog, recently linked to poisoning events among recreational users. The lack of pharmacological data on 3-MMC, prompted us to explore its pharmacokinetic profile as well as its effect on feeding behavior, weight gain, and serum biochemistry. 3-MMC was administered to male pigs (n=3, three months old) as a single intravenous dose (0.3 mg/kg), followed by a multiple oral dose administration (3 mg/kg) for five days and plasma and tissue concentrations determined. Concomitantly a control group consisting of two healthy male pigs received saline solution instead of 3-MMC according to the same administration schedule. 3-MMC effects on complete blood count, biochemistry, feed intake, and body weight were examined. The pigs were sacrificed and submitted to a pathological and histopathological examination. 3-MMC displayed rapid absorption with a peak concentration achieved within 5-10 min after oral ingestion and a plasma half-life of 0.8 h. The bioavailability was about 7%. 3-MMC tissue levels were below detectable levels 24 h after the last oral dosage. No treatment-related clinical signs were observed and no histopathological findings were detected. 3-MMC caused significant change in daily feed intake and weight gain over time. The animals treated with 3-MMC displayed a lower rate of increase in mean body weight. Caution needs to be practiced in terms of extrapolating the present data to human safety, due to the low sample size, low dosage, and the relatively short study duration as well as the lack of data on abuse potential of 3-MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob A Shimshoni
- Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Malka Britzi
- National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Eyal Sobol
- National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Udi Willenz
- The Institute of Animal Research, Kibbutz Lahav, Israel
| | - David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nir Edery
- Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
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20
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Shimshoni JA, Mulder PPJ, Bouznach A, Edery N, Pasval I, Barel S, Abd-El Khaliq M, Perl S. Heliotropium europaeum poisoning in cattle and analysis of its pyrrolizidine alkaloid profile. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:1664-1672. [PMID: 25591008 DOI: 10.1021/jf5052199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are carcinogenic and genotoxic phytochemicals found exclusively in angiosperms. The ingestion of PA-containing plants often results in acute and chronic toxicities in man and livestock, targeting mainly the liver. During February 2014, a herd of 15-18-month-old mixed-breed beef cattle (n = 73) from the Galilee region in Israel was accidently fed hay contaminated with 12% Heliotropium europaeum (average total PA intake was 33 mg PA/kg body weight/d). After 42 d of feed ingestion, sudden death occurred over a time period of 63 d with a mortality rate of 33%. Necropsy and histopathological examination revealed fibrotic livers and moderate ascites, as well as various degrees of hyperplasia and fibrosis of bile duct epithelial cells. Elevated γ-glutamyl-transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were indicative of severe liver damage. Comprehensive PA profile determination of the contaminated hay and of native H. europaeum by LC-MS/MS revealed the presence of 30 PAs and PA-N-oxides, including several newly reported PAs and PA-N-oxides of the rinderine and heliosupine class. Heliotrine- and lasiocarpine-type PAs constituted 80% and 18% of the total PAs, respectively, with the N-oxides being the most abundant form (92%). The PA profile of the contaminated hay showed very strong resemblance to that of H. europaeum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Avi Shimshoni
- Department of Toxicology and ‡Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute , Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Elad D, Frishling A, Edery N, Levy T. Mycetyoma in a horse--curtains. Med Mycol 2014; 52:331-2. [PMID: 24577009 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Elad
- Kimron Veterinary Institute
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Talmi-Frank D, Kedem-Vaanunu N, King R, Bar-Gal GK, Edery N, Jaffe CL, Baneth G. Leishmania tropica infection in golden jackals and red foxes, Israel. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 16:1973-5. [PMID: 21122235 PMCID: PMC3294571 DOI: 10.3201/eid1612.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During a survey of wild canids, internal transcribed spacer 1 real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis identified Leishmania tropica in samples from jackals and foxes. Infection was most prevalent in ear and spleen samples. Jackals and foxes may play a role in the spread of zoonotic L. tropica.
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