1
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Singh B, Kim J, Shukla N, Lee J, Kim K, Park MH. Smart Delivery Platform Using Core-Shell Nanofibers for Sequential Drug Release in Wound Healing. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023. [PMID: 37254937 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An effective approach to accelerating wound healing is through a smart delivery platform that releases drugs according to the needs of different healing periods. With the growing demand for wound care and treatment, electrospun nanofibers have attracted considerable attention owing to their simple and versatile method of manufacturing, unique structure, and biological functions similar to those of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, nanofibers can be loaded with active substances that promote targeted wound healing. In this study, we investigated the performance of a core-shell nanofiber platform loaded with two drugs in the core and shell, respectively. The shell polymer, poly-l-lactic acid, initially releases the encapsulated drug into an aqueous solution at room temperature. Gold nanorods with near-infrared absorbance were incorporated in the core polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to produce localized heat by plasmon resonance when exposed to light. This allows the thermally responsive core polymer to swell and shrink for programmable drug release. Our study provides a versatile platform for controlled and safe drug delivery to wound sites and could be applied to the treatment of other topical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Junkee Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Nutan Shukla
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Kibeom Kim
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, South Korea
- N to B Co., Ltd., Business Incubator Center #5002, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, South Korea
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2
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Park Y, Shin S, Shukla N, Kim K, Park MH. Effects of Nanobubbles in Dermal Delivery of Drugs and Cosmetics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3286. [PMID: 36234414 PMCID: PMC9565345 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dermal delivery, which delivers drugs and cosmetics through the skin, has attracted significant attention due to its non-invasive and simple administration compared with oral or injectable administration. However, delivery of the ingredients through the skin barrier is difficult because the primary function of the skin is to protect the human body by preventing the invasion of contaminants. Although various techniques have been developed to overcome skin barriers, chemical toxicity, complicated processes, and expensive equipment still remain as obstacles. Moreover, green chemistry, which minimizes or eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, is required in the cosmetic industry. Thus, the development of a new method for dermal delivery is required. In this study, we provide a new method for dermal delivery using nanobubbles (NBs). NBs generated in oil improve the delivery effect of the active ingredients through the high Brownian motion and charge-balancing effect. Franz cell experiments and depigmentation experiments using the B16F10 melanoma cells were conducted to confirm the enhanced delivery effects. The system using NBs will contribute to the advancement of the dermal delivery of drugs and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Park
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Nutan Shukla
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Kibeom Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- N to B Co., Ltd., Business Incubator Center #5002, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Korea
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3
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Shukla N, Levine MF, Gundem G, Domenico D, Spitzer B, Bouvier N, Arango-Ossa JE, Glodzik D, Medina-Martínez JS, Bhanot U, Gutiérrez-Abril J, Zhou Y, Fiala E, Stockfisch E, Li S, Rodriguez-Sanchez MI, O'Donohue T, Cobbs C, Roehrl MHA, Benhamida J, Iglesias Cardenas F, Ortiz M, Kinnaman M, Roberts S, Ladanyi M, Modak S, Farouk-Sait S, Slotkin E, Karajannis MA, Dela Cruz F, Glade Bender J, Zehir A, Viale A, Walsh MF, Kung AL, Papaemmanuil E. Feasibility of whole genome and transcriptome profiling in pediatric and young adult cancers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2485. [PMID: 35585047 PMCID: PMC9117241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of cancer whole genome and transcriptome sequencing (cWGTS) in oncology is increasingly recognized. However, implementation of cWGTS is challenged by the need to deliver results within clinically relevant timeframes, concerns about assay sensitivity, reporting and prioritization of findings. In a prospective research study we develop a workflow that reports comprehensive cWGTS results in 9 days. Comparison of cWGTS to diagnostic panel assays demonstrates the potential of cWGTS to capture all clinically reported mutations with comparable sensitivity in a single workflow. Benchmarking identifies a minimum of 80× as optimal depth for clinical WGS sequencing. Integration of germline, somatic DNA and RNA-seq data enable data-driven variant prioritization and reporting, with oncogenic findings reported in 54% more patients than standard of care. These results establish key technical considerations for the implementation of cWGTS as an integrated test in clinical oncology. Cancer whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing (cWGTS) has been challenging to implement in clinical settings. Here, the authors develop a workflow to deliver robust cWGTS analyses and reports within clinically-relevant timeframes for paediatric, adolescent and young adult solid tumour patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M F Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Gundem
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Domenico
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Spitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Bouvier
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J E Arango-Ossa
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Glodzik
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J S Medina-Martínez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - U Bhanot
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Precision Pathology Biobanking Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Gutiérrez-Abril
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Fiala
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Stockfisch
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - T O'Donohue
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Cobbs
- Integrated Genomics Operation Core, Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M H A Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Precision Pathology Biobanking Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Benhamida
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Iglesias Cardenas
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Kinnaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Farouk-Sait
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Glade Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Viale
- Integrated Genomics Operation Core, Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M F Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E Papaemmanuil
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Shukla N, Schoeffler K, Vieira J, Fonseca R, Boella E, Silva LO. Slowdown of interpenetration of two counterpropagating plasma slabs due to collective effects. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:035204. [PMID: 35428146 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.035204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic instabilities driven by the interpenetration of two e^{-},e^{+} plasma clouds is explored using ab initio kinetic plasma simulations. We show that the plasma clouds slow down due to both oblique and Weibel generated electromagnetic fields, which deflect the particle trajectories, transferring bulk forward momentum into transverse momentum and thermal velocity spread. This process causes the flow velocity v_{inst} to decrease approximately by a factor of sqrt[1/3] in a time interval Δt_{αB}ω_{p}∼c/(v_{fl}sqrt[α_{B}]), where α_{B} is the magnetic equipartition parameter determined by the nonlinear saturation of the instabilities, v_{fl} is the initial flow speed, and ω_{p} is the plasma frequency. For the α_{B} measured in our simulations, Δt_{αB} is close to 10 times the instability growth time. We show that as long as the plasma slab length L>v_{fl}Δt_{αB}, the plasma flow is expected to slow down by a factor close to sqrt[1/3].
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- CINECA High-Performance Computing Department, Casalecchio di Reno, 40033 Bologna, Italy
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K Schoeffler
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Fonseca
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- DCTI/ISCTE, Instituto Universitario de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Boella
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YW Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, WA4 4AD Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Shukla N, Yu M, Pradhan A, Han Y, Gellman AJ. Chirality Retention in Aqueous Propylene Oxide Hydration: Chirality of the Transition State. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Shukla
- Institute of Complex Engineered Systems
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - M. Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | | | - Y. Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - A. J. Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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6
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Singh B, Shukla N, Kim J, Kim K, Park MH. Stimuli-Responsive Nanofibers Containing Gold Nanorods for On-Demand Drug Delivery Platforms. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1319. [PMID: 34452280 PMCID: PMC8400774 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
On-demand drug delivery systems using nanofibers have attracted significant attention owing to their controllable properties for drug release through external stimuli. Near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanofibers provide a platform where the drug release profile can be achieved by the on-demand supply of drugs at a desired dose for cancer therapy. Nanomaterials such as gold nanorods (GNRs) exhibit absorbance in the NIR range, and in response to NIR irradiation, they generate heat as a result of a plasmon resonance effect. In this study, we designed poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) composite nanofibers containing GNRs. PNIPAM is a heat-reactive polymer that provides a swelling and deswelling property to the nanofibers. Electrospun nanofibers have a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, which is used to effectively deliver large quantities of drugs. In this platform, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be introduced and manipulated. On-demand drug delivery systems were obtained through stimuli-responsive nanofibers containing GNRs and PNIPAM. Upon NIR irradiation, the heat generated by the GNRs ensures shrinking of the nanofibers owing to the thermal response of PNIPAM, thereby resulting in a controlled drug release. The versatility of the light-responsive nanofibers as a drug delivery platform was confirmed in cell studies, indicating the advantages of the swelling and deswelling property of the nanofibers and on-off drug release behavior with good biocompatibility. In addition, the system has potential for the combination of chemotherapy with multiple drugs to enhance the effectiveness of complex cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; (B.S.); (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Nutan Shukla
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; (B.S.); (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Junkee Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; (B.S.); (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kibeom Kim
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; (B.S.); (N.S.); (J.K.)
- Convergence Research Center, Nanobiomaterials Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- N to B Co., Ltd., Business Incubator Center, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Korea
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7
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Sworder B, Kurtz DM, Alig S, Frank MJ, Macauley CW, Garofalo A, Shukla N, Sahaf B, Esfahani MS, Sheybani N, Schroers-Martin J, Liu CL, Olsen M, Spiegel JY, Oak J, Jin MC, Beygi S, Khodadoust MS, Natkunam Y, Majzner R, Mackall CL, Diehn M, Miklos DM, Alizadeh AA. DETERMINANTS OF RESISTANCE TO ENGINEERED T‐CELL THERAPIES TARGETING CD19 IN LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.6_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Sworder
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - D. M Kurtz
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - S Alig
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - M. J Frank
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation Palo Alto California USA
| | - C. W Macauley
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - A Garofalo
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - N Shukla
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - B Sahaf
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation Palo Alto California USA
| | - M. S Esfahani
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - N Sheybani
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - J Schroers-Martin
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - C. L Liu
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - M. Olsen
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - J. Y Spiegel
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation Palo Alto California USA
| | - J Oak
- Stanford University Department of Pathology Palo Alto California USA
| | - M. C Jin
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - S Beygi
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - M. S Khodadoust
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - Y Natkunam
- Stanford University Department of Pathology Palo Alto California USA
| | - R Majzner
- Stanford University Department of Pediatrics Palo Alto California USA
| | - C. L Mackall
- Stanford University Department of Pediatrics Palo Alto California USA
| | - M Diehn
- Stanford University Department of Radiation Oncology Palo Alto California USA
| | - D. M Miklos
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation Palo Alto California USA
| | - A. A Alizadeh
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Palo Alto California USA
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Boella E, Bingham R, Cairns RA, Norreys P, Trines R, Scott R, Vranic M, Shukla N, Silva LO. Collisionless shock acceleration in the corona of an inertial confinement fusion pellet with possible application to ion fast ignition. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200039. [PMID: 33280562 PMCID: PMC7741008 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to explore collisionless shock acceleration in the corona plasma surrounding the compressed core of an inertial confinement fusion pellet. We show that an intense laser pulse interacting with the long scale-length plasma corona is able to launch a collisionless shock around the critical density. The nonlinear wave travels up-ramp through the plasma reflecting and accelerating the background ions. Our results suggest that protons with characteristics suitable for ion fast ignition may be achieved in this way. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Boella
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
- The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - R. Bingham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R. A. Cairns
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - P. Norreys
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Trines
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - R. Scott
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - M. Vranic
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N. Shukla
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. O. Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Shukla N, Jia J, Admassu N, Linos E, Naik H. 452 Limited readability and accuracy of patient facing google search results for Hidradenitis Suppurativa. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Martins DB, Ayanruoh L, Paul M, Shukla N, Naik HB. Hidradenitis suppurativa publications are sparse in frontline specialties. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:770-771. [PMID: 32294228 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D B Martins
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Ayanruoh
- State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Paul
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Shukla
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H B Naik
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Shukla N, Paul M, Halley M, Lowes MA, Hester V, Aguilar C, Guilbault S, Long TS, Taylor A, Thompson AC, Yannuzzi CA, Linos E, Naik HB. Identifying barriers to care and research in hidradenitis suppurativa: findings from a patient engagement event. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1490-1492. [PMID: 31883104 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - M Paul
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - M Halley
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A
| | - M A Lowes
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - V Hester
- Community Partnerships Team, Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E Linos
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A
| | - H B Naik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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12
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Shukla N, Wehner M, Morrison L, Naik H, Linos E. 207 Gender equality among award winners and leaders at the Society for Investigative Dermatology meetings. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Gogia A, Raina V, Deo S, Shukla N, Mohanti B, Sharma D, Mathur S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for young (</ = 35 years) locally advanced breast cancer patients: association of pathological complete response with survival. An Institutional analysis from developing country. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Kumar N, Deo S, Shukla N, Bhoriwal S, Sharma A, Pramanik R, Sahoo R, Kumar S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus: Clinical profile and outcomes from tertiary care cancer centre. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Tanwar P, Das P, Barwad A, Shukla N, Ramteke P. Aspirate from an abdominal lump in a known case of breast carcinoma. Cytopathology 2018; 29:394-395. [PMID: 29732667 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology, Dr B.R.A., I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Das
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Barwad
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Shukla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Ramteke
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Gallego Mélcon S, Casanova M, Bielack S, Chisholm J, van Tilburg C, Federman N, Albert C, Mascarenhas L, Turpin B, Nagasubramanian R, Shukla N, Spunt S, Cox M, Hawkins D, Pappo A, Doz F, Bisogno G, Dubois S, Laetsch T, Geoerger B. Phase 1/2 study of the selective TRK inhibitor larotrectinib, in pediatric patients with cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx367.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Heilmann AM, Schrock AB, He J, Nahas M, Curran K, Shukla N, Cramer S, Draper L, Verma A, Erlich R, Ross J, Stephens P, Miller VA, Ali SM, Verglio JA, Tallman MS, Mughal TI. Novel PDGFRB fusions in childhood B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:1989-1992. [PMID: 28552906 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A B Schrock
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J He
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Nahas
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Curran
- Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Shukla
- Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Cramer
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, MS, USA
| | - L Draper
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Verma
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Erlich
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.,Albany College of Medicine, Albany, NY, USA
| | - P Stephens
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V A Miller
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S M Ali
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J-A Verglio
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M S Tallman
- Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T I Mughal
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.,Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Laetsch T, Nagasubramanian R, Dubois S, Mascarenhas L, Hawkins D, Shukla N, Turpin B, Smith S, Reynolds M, Cruickshank S, Donahue L, Cox M, Pappo A. 164TiP Phase I study of LOXO-101, a selective TRK inhibitor, in pediatric patients with cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw579.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Laetsch T, Nagasubramanian R, Dubois S, Mascarenhas L, Hawkins D, Shukla N, Turpin B, Smith S, Reynolds M, Cruickshank S, Donahue L, Cox M, Pappo A. Phase 1 study of LOXO-101, a selective TRK inhibitor, in pediatric patients with cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw368.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Bhoriwal S, Sultania M, Kumar S, Deo S, Shukla N, Pandey D, Sharma A, Sahoo R, Pathy S, Thulkar S, Pathak M. RM-063 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for unresectable carcinoma gall bladder: our experience. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw201.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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White LS, Echard DR, Bertino MF, Gao X, Donthula S, Leventis N, Shukla N, Kośny J, Saeed S, Saoud K. Fabrication of native silica, cross-linked, and hybrid aerogel monoliths with customized geometries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1613/3/1/015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Martens K, Jeong JW, Aetukuri N, Rettner C, Shukla N, Freeman E, Esfahani DN, Peeters FM, Topuria T, Rice PM, Volodin A, Douhard B, Vandervorst W, Samant MG, Datta S, Parkin SSP. Field Effect and Strongly Localized Carriers in the Metal-Insulator Transition Material VO(2). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:196401. [PMID: 26588400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.196401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic field effect, the change in surface conductance with an applied transverse electric field, of prototypal strongly correlated VO(2) has remained elusive. Here we report its measurement enabled by epitaxial VO(2) and atomic layer deposited high-κ dielectrics. Oxygen migration, joule heating, and the linked field-induced phase transition are precluded. The field effect can be understood in terms of field-induced carriers with densities up to ∼5×10(13) cm(-2) which are trongly localized, as shown by their low, thermally activated mobility (∼1×10(-3) cm(2)/V s at 300 K). These carriers show behavior consistent with that of Holstein polarons and strongly impact the (opto)electronics of VO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Martens
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
- ESAT Department, KU Leuven, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
| | - J W Jeong
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - N Aetukuri
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - C Rettner
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - N Shukla
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Freeman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D N Esfahani
- Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020, Antwerp BE-2020, Belgium
| | - F M Peeters
- Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171 BE-2020, Antwerp BE-2020, Belgium
| | - T Topuria
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - P M Rice
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - A Volodin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
| | - B Douhard
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
| | - W Vandervorst
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
| | - M G Samant
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - S Datta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S S P Parkin
- IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, California 95120, USA
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Major D, Armstrong D, Bryant H, Cheung W, Decker K, Doyle G, Mai V, McLachlin CM, Niu J, Payne J, Shukla N. Recent trends in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening test utilization in Canada, using self-reported data from 2008 and 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:297-302. [PMID: 26300668 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, self-reported data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2008 and 2012 provide an opportunity to examine overall utilization of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening tests for both programmatic and opportunistic screening. Among women 50-74 years of age, utilization of screening mammography was stable (62.0% in 2008 and 63.0% in 2012). Pap test utilization for women 25-69 years of age remained high and stable across Canada in 2008 and 2012 (78.9% in 2012). The percentage of individuals 50-74 years of age who reporting having at least 1 fecal test within the preceding 2 years increased in 2012 (to 23.0% from 16.9% in 2008), but remains low. Stable rates of screening mammography utilization (about 30%) were reported in 2008 and 2012 among women 40-49 years of age, a group for which population-based screening is not recommended. Although declining over time, cervical cancer screening rates were high for women less than 25 years of age (for whom screening is not recommended). Interestingly, an increased percentage of women 70-74 years of age reported having a Pap test. In 2012, a smaller percentage of women 50-69 years of age reported having no screening test (5.9% vs. 8.5% in 2008), and more women reported having the three types of cancer screening tests (19.0% vs. 13.2%). Efforts to encourage use of screening within the recommended average-risk age groups are needed, and education for stakeholders about the possible harms of screening outside those age groups has to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Major
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON; ; Département médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec, QC
| | - D Armstrong
- Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON
| | - H Bryant
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON; ; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - W Cheung
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Decker
- CancerCare Manitoba and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - G Doyle
- Breast Screening Program for Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL
| | - V Mai
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON
| | - C M McLachlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON
| | - J Niu
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON
| | - J Payne
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, and Nova Scotia Breast Screening Program, Halifax, NS
| | - N Shukla
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON
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24
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Singhbabu YN, Choudhary SK, Shukla N, Das S, Sahu RK. Observation of large positive magneto-resistance in bubble decorated graphene oxide films derived from shellac biopolymer: a new carbon source and facile method for morphology-controlled properties. Nanoscale 2015; 7:6510-6519. [PMID: 25788392 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a large positive magneto-resistance (MR) in bubble decorated graphene oxide films that are derived from shellac biopolymer as a carbon source. These films were produced on a quartz substrate by heating the biopolymer coated substrate at 900 °C in an argon atmosphere. The characterization data of the films using Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal that shellac can be used as a new carbon source to produce transparent bubble decorated graphene oxide films. The magneto-resistance results show a 130% change in the resistance of the films at 3 K under a perpendicular magnetic field of 15 T, and the value decreases exponentially up to 50 K. The observed MR properties of the bubble decorated graphene oxide films are explained using a weak anti-localization and quantum interference model in the low magnetic field region, while the Lorentz force accounts for the MR properties well in the high magnetic field region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Singhbabu
- Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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25
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Iqbal N, Shukla N, Deo S, Agarwala S, Sharma M, Bakhshi S. Evaluation of Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Synovial Sarcoma: a Single Large Institutional Study of 139 Cases. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu354.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeremy
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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27
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Gogia A, Raina V, Mohanti B, Deo S, Shukla N. 96PD PATTERN AND SURVIVAL OF LUNG METASTASIS IN YOUNG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Desai D, Patel G, Shukla N, Rajput S. Development and validation of stability-indicating HPLC method for solifenacin succinate: Isolation and identification of major base degradation product. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Fe2O3 shells have been synthesized around Pt cores to create Pt@Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. The synthesis conditions allow control of the shell shape and allow the preparation of both hexagonal shells and spherical shells. 2D cross-sectional TEM images show that the cores are not positioned at the centers of the shells. By rotating the nanoparticles and monitoring the apparent motions of the cores in the 2D cross-sectional images, it is possible to determine quantitatively the radial position of the Pt core with respect to the center of the Fe2O3 shell. The distribution of core positions within the core-shell structures is bimodal. These observations suggest that the Fe2O3 shells grow on the Pt cores by a nucleation process, rather than layer-by-layer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- US DOE - National Energy and Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd., Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940, USA
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30
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Negi D, Kumar A, Sharma R, Shukla N, Negi N, Tamta M, Bansal Y, Prasert PG, Cairns JK. Structure Confirmation of Rare Conjugate Glycosides from Glycosmis arborea (Roxb.) with the Action of β-Glucosidases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2011.32.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Bloor J, Shukla N, Smith FCT, Angelini GD, Jeremy JY. Folic acid administration reduces neointimal thickening, augments neo-vasa vasorum formation and reduces oxidative stress in saphenous vein grafts from pigs used as a model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53:980-8. [PMID: 20182861 PMCID: PMC3596781 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is evidence that plasma homocysteine augments vein graft failure and that it augments both micro- and macro-angiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is therefore suggested that homocysteine may augment vein graft thickening, a major cause of vein graft failure, in diabetic patients, as well as impairing adaptive growth of a new vasa vasorum, possibly through overproduction of superoxide. In order to test these proposals, the effect of folic acid administration, which lowers plasma homocysteine, on vein graft thickening and microvessel density was studied in pigs used as a model of diabetes. METHODS Non-ketotic hyperglycaemia was induced in Landrace pigs by intravenous injection of streptozotocin, and folic acid was fed daily for 1 month. Vein grafts were excised and the thickness of the neointima and media and microvessel density were assessed by planimetry and superoxide formation. RESULTS Plasma total homocysteine was significantly reduced by folic acid in both control and diabetic pigs, whereas glucose was unchanged. Compared with controls, diabetic pigs showed increased neointimal thickness and superoxide formation and decreased adventitial microvessel density. Folic acid reduced neointimal thickness and superoxide formation and augmented microvessel density in diabetic but not in control pigs. CONCLUSIONS Folic acid administration reduces neointimal thickening, augments vasa vasorum neoformation and reduces oxidative stress in saphenous vein grafts from diabetic pigs. Folic acid may therefore be particularly effective in reducing vein graft failure in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bloor
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N. Shukla
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - F. C. T. Smith
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G. D. Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - J. Y. Jeremy
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK,
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Litteljohn D, Mangano E, Shukla N, Hayley S. Interferon-gamma deficiency modifies the motor and co-morbid behavioral pathology and neurochemical changes provoked by the pesticide paraquat. Neuroscience 2009; 164:1894-906. [PMID: 19782123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to nigrostriatal pathology and corresponding motor disturbances, Parkinson's disease (PD) is often characterized by co-morbid neuropsychiatric symptoms, most notably anxiety and depression. Separate lines of evidence indicate that inflammatory processes associated with microglial activation and cytokine release may be fundamental to the progression of both PD and its co-morbid psychiatric pathology. Accordingly, we assessed the contribution of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), to a range of PD-like pathology provoked by the ecologically relevant herbicide and dopamine (DA) toxin, paraquat. To this end, paraquat provoked overt motor impairment (reduced home-cage activity and impaired vertical climbing) and signs of anxiety-like behavior (reduced open field exploration) in wild-type but not IFN-gamma-deficient mice. Correspondingly, paraquat promoted somewhat divergent variations in neurochemical activity among wild-type and IFN-gamma null mice at brain sites important for both motor (striatum) and co-morbid affective pathologies (dorsal hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and locus coeruleus). Specifically, the herbicide provoked a dosing regimen-dependent reduction in striatal DA levels that was prevented by IFN-gamma deficiency. In addition, the herbicide influenced serotonergic and noradrenergic activity within the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex; and elevated noradrenergic activity within the locus coeruleus. Although genetic ablation of IFN-gamma had relatively few effects on monoamine variations within the locus coeruleus and prefrontal cortex, loss of the pro-inflammatory cytokine did normalize the paraquat-induced noradrenergic alterations within the hippocampus. These findings further elucidate the functional implications of paraquat intoxication and suggest an important role for IFN-gamma in the striatal and motor pathology, as well as the co-morbid behavioral and hippocampal changes induced by paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Litteljohn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Life Sciences Research Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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Abstract
Fe(x)Pt(100-x) nanoparticles of varying composition have been synthesized with various shapes and sizes using a high pressure synthesis method which allows control of synthesis conditions, in particular the reaction temperature. Tailoring the shapes and sizes of Fe(x)Pt(1-x) nanoparticles allows one to control a variety of properties that are relevant to the many potential applications of metallic nanoparticles. Shape and composition can be used to control catalytic activity and to achieve high packing density in self-assembled films. Variation of both nanoparticle size and shape has been achieved by using various different solvents. The solvents used in the nanoparticle synthesis can influence the product because they can play a role as surfactants. Using solvents of various types it has been possible to synthesize Fe(x)Pt(100-x) nanoparticles with a variety of shapes including spherical, rod-like, cubic, hexagonal and high aspect ratio wires. Control of nanoparticle shape opens the door to their being used in various technological applications for which spherical nanoparticles are ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- Institute for Complex Engineered System, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Muzaffar S, Jeremy JY, Sparatore A, Del Soldato P, Angelini GD, Shukla N. H2S-donating sildenafil (ACS6) inhibits superoxide formation and gp91phox expression in arterial endothelial cells: role of protein kinases A and G. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:984-94. [PMID: 18846041 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Superoxide (O(2)(*-)), derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). NADPH oxidase activity and expression are blocked by nitric oxide (NO) and sildenafil. As another gas, hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) is formed by blood vessels, the effect of sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) and the H(2)S-donating derivative of sildenafil, ACS6, on O(2)(*-) formation and the expression of gp91(phox) (a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase) in porcine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PAECs were incubated with 10 ng mL(-1) tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) (+/-NaHS or ACS6), both of which released H(2)S, for 2 h or 16 h. O(2)(*-) was measured. Expression of gp91(phox) was measured by western blotting and the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and/or cyclic GMP was assessed using protein kinase inhibitors. KEY RESULTS After either 2- or 16-h incubations, O(2)(*-) formation by PAECs was inhibited by NaHS or ACS6, with IC(50) values of about 10 nM and less than 1 nM, respectively. Both 100 nM NaHS and 1 nM ACS6 completely inhibited gp91(phox) expression induced by TNFalpha. The effects of NaHS were blocked by the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), but not PKG, and not by the inhibition of guanylyl cyclase. Effects of ACS6 were blocked by inhibition of both PKA and PKG. Both NaHS and ACS6 augmented cAMP formation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS H(2)S inhibited O(2)(*-) formation and upregulation of NADPH oxidase in PAECs through the adenylyl cyclase-PKA pathway. ACS6 may be effective in treating ARDS through both elevation of cAMP and inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muzaffar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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35
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Singh SV, Singh AV, Singh R, Sharma S, Shukla N, Misra S, Singh PK, Sohal JS, Kumar H, Patil PK, Misra P, Sandhu KS. Sero-prevalence of Bovine Johne's disease in buffaloes and cattle population of North India using indigenous ELISA kit based on native Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ‘Bison type’ genotype of goat origin. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 31:419-33. [PMID: 17854892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Present pilot study is the first attempt in the country to estimate sero-prevalence of Bovine Johne's disease (BJD) by screening cattle and buffaloes representing large population belonging to farmer's and farm herds in the home tracts (Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Punjab) of Hariana cattle and Murrah buffaloes in North India. Indigenous and in-house plate ELISA kit (using protoplasmic antigen from native Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 'Bison type' strain of goat origin), originally developed for goats and sheep was standardized in bovines and used for screening. For this study, 33 villages of south and west UP were randomly selected and surveyed from 2001 to 2003. There were 7943 farmer's families having 38,251 livestock, including cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep (per family 4.8% livestock). Numerically, buffaloes and cattle were 54.7% and 22.1%, respectively. Serum samples were collected from 726 animals (4.2% of 16, 981 livestock with 4375 farmer's families) located in 33 randomly surveyed villages. Serum samples (699), submitted to Epidemiology Department of Veterinary College (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana), in the year 2004 by farmer's and organized farm herds (Buffaloes, 372, Cattle, 327), were screened by this ELISA kit. Soluble protoplasmic antigen was prepared from Map (S 5) 'Bison type' strain isolated from a terminally sick goat with Johne's disease. Of the total 1425 bovine (Buffaloes and cattle) serum samples screened using indigenous ELISA kit, sero-prevalence of Johne's disease was 29.0% (28.6% in buffalo and 29.8% in cattle) in Northern India. State-wise sero-prevalence was 31.9% and 23.3% in UP and Punjab, respectively. In UP, of the 601 randomly sampled buffaloes, sero-prevalence was 40.3% (16.6% in young and 40.9% adults) and 25.5% (10.5% in young and 26.3% adults) in south and west UP, respectively. Of the 125 cattle screened, sero-prevalence was 42.6% (nil in young and 44.4% adults) and 30.0% (nil in young and 30.6% adults) in south and west UP, respectively. Of the 699 serum samples screened from Ludhiana, Punjab, sero-prevalence of BJD was 23.0%. Sero-prevalence was 23.3% (12.1% in young and 24.4% in adults) and 26.9% (27.2% in young and 26.8% in adults) in buffaloes and cattle, respectively. High prevalence of BJD in buffaloes in native tract of Murrah breed, and Hariana breed of cattle correlated with poor per-animal productivity and BJD may be the major cause. Indigenous ELISA kit was rapid, economic and sensitive test for large-scale screening of buffaloes and cattle population against incurable BJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Singh
- Microbiology Lab, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP 281 122, India.
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Muzaffar S, Shukla N, Bond M, Sala-Newby G, Angelini GD, Newby AC, Jeremy JY. Acute inhibition of superoxide formation and Rac1 activation by nitric oxide and iloprost in human vascular smooth muscle cells in response to the thromboxane A2 analogue, U46619. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:247-55. [PMID: 18420399 PMCID: PMC2850987 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The over-production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a central role in cardiovascular diseases. By contrast, nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI(2)) are vasculoprotective. The effect of the NO donor, NONOate and iloprost on O(2)(-) formation, p47(phox) and Rac(1) activation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) was investigated. METHODS hVSMCs were incubated with 10nM thromboxane A(2) analogue, U46619 for 16h, and then with apocynin (a NOX inhibitor), NONOate or iloprost for 1h and O(2)(-) measured spectrophometrically. The role of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was examined by co-incubation of drugs with protein kinase (PK) A and G inhibitors listed above. Rac(1) was studied using pull-down assays. RESULTS NONOate and iloprost inhibited O(2)(-) formation, acutely, effects blocked by inhibition of PKG and PKA, respectively. Rac(1) and p47(phox) activation and translocation to the plasma membrane was completely inhibited by NONOate and iloprost, effects again reversed by co-incubation with PKG or PKA inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS NO and PGI(2) block the acute activity of NOX in hVSMCs via the cGMP-PKG axis (for NO) and by the cAMP-PKA axis (for iloprost) through inhibition of Rac(1) and p47(phox) translocation. These findings have implications in the pathophysiology and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muzaffar
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.
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Kumar Prof L, Hariprasad R, Kumar S, Bhatla N, Thulkar S, Vijayaraghavan M, Deo S, Shukla N, Singh R. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery versus upfront surgery followed by chemotherapy (CT) in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC): A prospective randomized study—Interim results. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5531 Background: To determine the impact of NACT on surgical debulking rate, overall and disease-free survival and quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced EOC. Methods: Between Oct 2001 and Dec 2006, 128 previously untreated EOC patients (median age- 50 years, range 30 to 65) with FIGO stage III C & IV (pleural effusion only) have been randomized into - Arm A (n=65) upfront debulking Surgery followed by 6 cycles of Paclitaxel & carboplatin (PC) and Arm B (n=63): NACT with 3 cycles of PC followed by debulking Surgery then 3 more cycles. Eligibility criteria include - age 18 to 65 years, biopsy / cytological proven EOC, adequate hematological, renal, liver & cardiac functions, normal upper & lower GI endoscopy & CEA levels. Both groups were compared for debulking rate, duration of surgery, blood loss, intra & postoperative morbidity & mortality, overall response to treatment and QOL (FACT- O questionnaire). Results: 100 of 128 patients have completed treatment (arm A- 56, B-44). 7 patients were not evaluable; (Germ cell tumor-1, mixed Mullerian tumor-2, dual primary-1 and krukenburg-3). 93 patients are evaluable. Patients’ characteristics are similar in both arms. Grade III-IV - GIT (3% vs. 4%) & bone marrow (9% Vs 7%, p=ns) toxicity was similar in arm A & B, among 463 CT cycles administered. Patients in NACT arm had higher optimum debulking rate, p<. 0001, decreased blood loss during surgery (mean vol 520 vs 373 ml p<0.003) and reduced postoperative infections 14.8 % vs. 2.5%, p<0.04. Mean operative time (110 vs 95 minutes, p=0.12) and hospital stay (12 Vs 9.4 days, p=0.1) were similar in arm A & B. The median overall survival (arm A & B: 42 vs 29 months, p=0.07) and disease free survival (20 vs 25 months, p=0.11) is not different at a median follow up of 41 months. QOL score was significantly better in NACT arm at the end of treatment. (93 vs 114, p<. 001). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is associated with higher optimum debulking rate with reduced postoperative morbidity and improved quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kumar Prof
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Hariprasad
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N. Bhatla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Thulkar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S. Deo
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N. Shukla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Cheung IY, Feng Y, Danis K, Shukla N, Meyers P, Ladanyi M, Cheung N. STEAP1: A potential marker of metastatic disease for Ewing family tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10028 Background: Ewing Family Tumors (EFTs) metastasize by hematogeneous spread. Because of its dismal cure rate, targeting subclinical disease is particularly relevant. Genome-wide gene expression array analysis can uncover novel genes differentially expressed in tumors over normal marrow/blood, which may have clinical potentials as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD). Methods: Gene expression array data were obtained on 28 EFT tumors and 10 EFT cell lines using the Affymetrix U133 gene chip. Ten genes with high tumor to blood ratios were identified. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to study (1) the dynamic range of detection of rare tumor cells (frequency of 10-7 to 10-4), (2) the gene expression in normal blood and marrow samples, (3) the gene expression among EFT tumors, and (4) the prognostic impact of marker positivity in EFT patients with histologically negative marrows. Results: Of the 10 genes, 5 genes, namely six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 [STEAP1], cyclin D1 [CCND1], plakophilin 1 [PKP1], transmembrane protein 47 [TMEM47], and NKX2.2 transcription factor [NKX2.2] were chosen for further analyses. This was based on their steep linear dynamic range in tumor cells seeded in normal mononuclear cells and consistently high expression among EFT tumor samples. Among 53 EFT patients with histologically negative marrow samples, a marker was classified as positive if the gene transcript level was above the upper limit of normal, defined as mean + 2SD of 26 normal blood and marrow samples. Of the 5 markers tested, STEAP1 positivity in marrow samples was highly correlated with survival with new metastasis in Kaplan Meier analysis (p=0.001). Conclusions: This gene expression array-based approach identified STEAP1 as a promising surrogate MRD marker of metastatic EFT with potential prognostic importance. Its clinical utility will need to be further tested in large patient cohorts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Feng
- Memor Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY
| | - K. Danis
- Memor Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY
| | - N. Shukla
- Memor Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY
| | - P. Meyers
- Memor Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY
| | - M. Ladanyi
- Memor Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY
| | - N. Cheung
- Memor Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY
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Gupta S, Avramoff V, Rauhila K, Rana N, Shukla N, Ladyzhenksiy E, Perl R, Ahmed S. The Total Lymphocyte Count and Albumin as Measures of Protein Malnutrition in the Elder Emergency Department Patient. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gilden JL, Garbharran A, Patel S, Patil P, Shah J, Vartanian V, Shukla N, Singh SP. 41 POSTPRANDIAL HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. J Investig Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-55-02-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gilden J, Garbharran A, Patel S, Patil P, Shah J, Vartanian V, Shukla N, Singh S. Postprandial Hemodynamic Responses in Younger Patients with Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension. J Investig Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890705500241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Gilden
- RFUMS/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL
| | | | - S. Patel
- RFUMS/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL
| | - P. Patil
- RFUMS/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL
| | - J. Shah
- RFUMS/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL
| | | | - N. Shukla
- RFUMS/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL
| | - S.P. Singh
- RFUMS/Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL
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Jeremy JY, Jones RA, Koupparis AJ, Hotston M, Persad R, Angelini GD, Shukla N. Reactive oxygen species and erectile dysfunction: possible role of NADPH oxidase. Int J Impot Res 2006; 19:265-80. [PMID: 17053777 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a widespread condition, the incidence of which is increasing globally. ED is also indicative of underlying vasculopathy and represents a predictor of more serious cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the aetiology of ED may therefore provide invaluable pointers to the pathobiology of other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and syndromes. It follows, too, that therapeutic interventions that are successful in treating ED may, ipso facto, be effective in treating the early stages of conditions that include atherosclerosis, angina, plaque rupture and diabetic angiopathy. One common pathological denominator in both CVD and ED is oxidative stress, that is, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In this review, therefore, we consider the aetiology and pathobiology of O(2)(*-) in promoting ED and focus on NADPH oxidase as an inducible source of O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2). Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing oxidative stress to improve erectile function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeremy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Kumar L, Hariprasad R, Kumar S, Bhatla N, Shukla N, Thulkar S, Singh R. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian oancer (EOC): A phase III randomized study. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15000 Background: We compared upfront surgery to upfront chemotherapy in patients with advanced EOC (stage IIIC and IV (pleural effusion only). Factors- optimum debulking (residual disease ≤1cm) rate, surgical morbidity, chemotherapy toxicity, survival and quality of life (QOL) were analyzed. Methods: Between Oct.2001 and Oct. 2005, 90 newly diagnosed patients with advanced EOC have been randomized to upfront surgery followed by six cycles of paclitaxel + carboplatin (TC) (Arm A) or upfront chemotherapy - 3 cycles (TC) followed by surgery then 3 more cycles of TC. Eligibility criteria included- age 18 to 65 years, biopsy or cytological proven diagnosis of EOC and adequate hematological, renal, liver and cardiac functions. Upper and lower GI endoscopy and serum CEA was done in all patients to rule out GIT primary. QOL was assessed using FACT-O questionnaire at baseline, postop, post 3 cycles and post 6 cycles chemotherapy. Results: 78 of 90 patients have completed the treatment. Among 74 evaluable patients, optimal debulking rate was higher in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy arm (83% vs 13%, p < .001). Blood loss during surgery (340 ml vs.485 ml, p < . 008), mean operating time (69 minutes vs. 77 minutes, p = 0.22), post op infection rate (3% vs 17.5%, p < .07), & hospital stay (9 days vs. 12.4 days, P = 0.04) were lower in the chemotherapy arm. Operative mortality was higher in upfront surgery arm (7.7% vs 3.3%, p = .38). QOL score was higher post 3 cycles and post 6 cycles in the upfront chemotherapy arm (p < . 0001). Grade III-IV GI toxicity (4.5% vs 3.8%) and myelo-suppression (7% vs 9%) was similar in two arms. At a median follow up of 33 months, Overall (41 vs 42 months) & progression-free survival (35.3 vs 29 months,p = ns) are not significantly different in upfront chemotherapy vs upfront surgery arms, respectively. Conclusions: Upfront chemotherapy in advanced EOC results in significantly higher optimum debulking rate with reduced surgical morbidity and mortality, Quality of life score was also higher. Present study favors role of “upfront chemotherapy” in patients likely to have residual disease >1cm and higher morbidity with upfront surgery. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Hariprasad
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N. Bhatla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N. Shukla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Thulkar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Muzaffar S, Shukla N, Angelini GD, Jeremy JY. Acute hypoxia simultaneously induces the expression of gp91phox and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the porcine pulmonary artery. Thorax 2005; 60:305-13. [PMID: 15790986 PMCID: PMC1747371 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.018796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of hypoxia on the formation of superoxide (O2-), the expression of gp91phox and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were studied in pig intact pulmonary artery (PA) segments and PA vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) and PA endothelial cells (PAECs). METHODS Segments and cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions for 2 hours (with or without enzyme inhibitors) and the formation of O2- measured spectrophotometrically. Protein expression was assessed using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Hypoxia promoted the formation of O2- in PA segments, PAVSMCs and PAECs, an effect inhibited by diphenylene iodonium and apocynin (NAD[P]H oxidase inhibitors). Hypoxia induced O2- formation was enhanced by inhibition of eNOS and augmented by endotoxin and cytokines and re-oxygenation. Hypoxia also promoted the expression of gp91phox and eNOS. In intact PA segments hypoxia induced the expression of nitrotyrosine and eNOS in the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous upregulation of NAD[P]H oxidase and eNOS in response to hypoxia in the PA results in the simultaneous formation of O2-, NO, and ONOO-. This may represent either a protective mechanism designed to counter the pro-oxidant effect of hypoxia or a novel pathological mechanism underlying the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muzaffar
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Shukla N, Thompson CS, Angelini GD, Mikhailidis DP, Jeremy JY. Low micromolar concentrations of copper augment the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortae from diabetic rabbits. Metabolism 2004; 53:1315-21. [PMID: 15375788 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and elevated plasma copper concentrations are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). DM is associated with impaired endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and with excess superoxide (O2*-) formation. Copper is also elevated in DM and is also associated with the generation of O2*-. To explore possible interactions between DM and copper, the effect of exogenous copper (CuCl2) on endothelium-dependent relaxation and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) formation was investigated in aortae from diabetic rabbits. Rabbits were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of alloxan. Six months after induction of DM, the aortae were excised, cut into rings, and mounted in an organ bath for isometric measurement of acetylcholine (Ach)-evoked relaxation in rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE). In parallel studies, cyclic (c)GMP formation by aortic rings following stimulation with Ach, calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was assessed using radioimmunoassay. The effect of copper on these parameters was then studied using the same methods. Ach-evoked relaxation and Ach- and A23187-evoked cGMP formation were significantly impaired in aortae from diabetic rabbits compared to controls, effects that were reversed with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In contrast, there were no significant differences in SNP-stimulated relaxation or cGMP formation in aortae from diabetic rabbits compared to controls. Copper (1 to 10 micromol/L) promoted a further significant inhibition of Ach-stimulated relaxation in aortae from diabetic but not control rabbits. This reduction by copper was again reversed by SOD and CAT. We conclude that copper augments the reduction of NO bioavailability, which is already impaired in aortae from diabetic rabbits due to excess production of O2*- and H2O2. These results indicate that patients with DM may be susceptible to copper-mediated vasculopathy at much lower concentrations than those that promote vasculopathy in nondiabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
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Jeremy JY, Angelini GD, Shukla N. Hyperhomocysteinemia due to Helicobacter pylori? Atherosclerosis 2004; 176:201-2. [PMID: 15306196 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mukherjee G, Shukla N, Singh R, Mathur G. Thermoplastic Epoxide Resin in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol as Hot-melt Adhesive in Clean Technology. DEFENCE SCI J 2004. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.54.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shukla N, Angelini GD, Jeremy JY. To: Looker HC, Fagot-Campagna A, Gunter EW et al. (2003) Homocysteine as a risk factor for nephropathy and retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 46:766-772. Diabetologia 2004; 47:140-1. [PMID: 14628110 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Revised: 08/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Muzaffar S, Jeremy JY, Angelini GD, Stuart-Smith K, Shukla N. Role of the endothelium and nitric oxide synthases in modulating superoxide formation induced by endotoxin and cytokines in porcine pulmonary arteries. Thorax 2003; 58:598-604. [PMID: 12832676 PMCID: PMC1746752 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.7.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interactive roles of cytokines, endotoxins, superoxide (O(2)(*-) ) and nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have not been fully elucidated. The effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the role of NO and the endothelium in mediating O(2)(*-) formation were therefore investigated in intact porcine pulmonary arteries in vitro. METHODS Intrapulmonary artery (PA) segments were obtained from White Landrace pigs (25-35 kg) and incubated with LPS, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha and O(2)(*-) release was measured by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. The source of O(2)(*-) formation was determined using a number of enzyme inhibitors. The role of NO was explored using NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors and the distribution of NOS isoforms and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-), an index of NO-O(2)(*-) interactions) assessed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS LPS, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha promoted the formation of O(2)(*-) from PA compared with untreated controls in a time and dose dependent manner, an effect markedly enhanced by removal of the endothelium but completely inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI). L-NAME and the eNOS inhibitor N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine (L-NIO) enhanced O(2)(*-) formation from PA (with endothelium) in response to IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha but had no effect on LPS mediated O(2)(*-) formation, whereas L-NAME and the iNOS inhibitor L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine-HCl (L-NIL) enhanced O(2)(*-) formation only in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS LPS, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha promote O(2)(*-) formation through an upregulation of NADPH oxidase activity which is augmented by removal of the endothelium, as well as the inhibition of eNOS (in the case of cytokines) and iNOS (in the case of LPS). The concomitant expression of NOS isoforms (and NO formation) with that of NADPH oxidase may therefore constitute a protective system designed to remove O(2)(*-) through the formation of ONOO(-). If this is so, the integrity of the endothelium may be axiomatic in the progression and severity of ARDS.
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Shukla N, Chan YC, Stansby G, Singh M, Stanford J, Jeremy JY. Heat Shock Protein (65 kDa) – Stimulated Proliferation of Human Saphenous Vein Smooth Muscle Cells is Inhibited by Thapsigargin. J Card Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8191.2002.101430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Shukla
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - YC Chan
- Academic Surgical Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - G Stansby
- Academic Surgical Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M Singh
- Department of Gene Expression, GBF, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Stanford
- Department of Microbiology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - JY Jeremy
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
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