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Dwir O, Grabovsky V, Pasvolsky R, Manevich E, Shamri R, Gutwein P, Feigelson SW, Altevogt P, Alon R. Membranal cholesterol is not required for L-selectin adhesiveness in primary lymphocytes but controls a chemokine-induced destabilization of L-selectin rolling adhesions. J Immunol 2007; 179:1030-8. [PMID: 17617595 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains regulate L-selectin signaling, but the role of membrane cholesterol in L-selectin adhesion is unclear. Arrest chemokines are a subset of endothelial chemokines that rapidly activate leukocyte integrin adhesiveness under shear flow. In the absence of integrin ligands, these chemokines destabilize L-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. In the present study, we investigated how cholesterol extraction from the plasma membrane of peripheral blood T or B cells affects L-selectin adhesions and their destabilization by arrest chemokines. Unlike the Jurkat T cell line, whose L-selectin-mediated adhesion is cholesterol dependent, in primary human PBLs and in murine B cells and B cell lines, cholesterol depletion did not impair any intrinsic adhesiveness of L-selectin, consistent with low selectin partitioning into lipid rafts in these cells. However, cholesterol raft disruption impaired the ability of two arrest chemokines, CXCL12 and CXCL13, but not of a third arrest chemokine, CCL21, to destabilize L-selectin-mediated rolling of T lymphocytes. Actin capping by brief incubation with cytochalasin D impaired the ability of all three chemokines to destabilize L-selectin rolling. Blocking of the actin regulatory phosphatidylinositol lipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, did not affect chemokine-mediated destabilization of L-selectin adhesions. Collectively, our results suggest that L-selectin adhesions are inhibited by actin-associated, cholesterol-stabilized assemblies of CXCL12- and CXCL13-binding receptors on both T and B lymphocytes. Thus, the regulation of L-selectin by cholesterol-enriched microdomains varies with the cell type as well as with the identity of the destabilizing chemokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Mowery P, Yang ZQ, Gordon EJ, Dwir O, Spencer AG, Alon R, Kiessling LL. Synthetic glycoprotein mimics inhibit L-selectin-mediated rolling and promote L-selectin shedding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:725-32. [PMID: 15157883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
L-selectin is a leukocyte cell-surface protein that facilitates the rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium, a process that leads to leukocyte migration to a site of infection. Preventing L-selectin-mediated rolling minimizes leukocyte adhesion and extravasation; therefore, compounds that inhibit rolling may act as anti-inflammatory agents. To investigate the potential role of multivalent ligands as rolling inhibitors, compounds termed neoglycopolymers were synthesized that possess key structural features of physiological L-selectin ligands. Sulfated neoglycopolymers substituted with sialyl Lewis x derivatives (3',6-disulfo Lewis x or 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x) or a sulfatide analog (3,6-disulfo galactose) inhibited L-selectin-mediated rolling of lymphoid cells. Functional analysis of the inhibitory ligands indicates that they also induce proteolytic release of L-selectin. Thus, their inhibitory potency may arise from their ability to induce shedding. Our data indicate that screening for compounds that promote L-selectin release can identify ligands that inhibit rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mowery
- Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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3
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Dwir O, Grabovsky V, Alon R. Selectin avidity modulation by chemokines at subsecond endothelial contacts: a novel regulatory level of leukocyte trafficking. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 2004:109-35. [PMID: 14579777 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05397-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Dwir O, Solomon A, Mangan S, Kansas GS, Schwarz US, Alon R. Avidity enhancement of L-selectin bonds by flow: shear-promoted rotation of leukocytes turn labile bonds into functional tethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 163:649-59. [PMID: 14597772 PMCID: PMC2173661 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200303134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
L-selectin is a key lectin essential for leukocyte capture and rolling on vessel walls. Functional adhesion of L-selectin requires a minimal threshold of hydrodynamic shear. Using high temporal resolution videomicroscopy, we now report that L-selectin engages its ligands through exceptionally labile adhesive bonds (tethers) even below this shear threshold. These tethers share a lifetime of 4 ms on distinct physiological ligands, two orders of magnitude shorter than the lifetime of the P-selectin–PSGL-1 bond. Below threshold shear, tether duration is not shortened by elevated shear stresses. However, above the shear threshold, selectin tethers undergo 14-fold stabilization by shear-driven leukocyte transport. Notably, the cytoplasmic tail of L-selectin contributes to this stabilization only above the shear threshold. These properties are not shared by P-selectin– or VLA-4–mediated tethers. L-selectin tethers appear adapted to undergo rapid avidity enhancement by cellular transport, a specialized mechanism not used by any other known adhesion receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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5
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Shamri R, Grabovsky V, Feigelson SW, Dwir O, Van Kooyk Y, Alon R. Chemokine stimulation of lymphocyte alpha 4 integrin avidity but not of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 avidity to endothelial ligands under shear flow requires cholesterol membrane rafts. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:40027-35. [PMID: 12163503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206806200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
VLA-4 and LFA-1 are the major vascular integrins expressed on circulating lymphocytes. Previous studies suggested that intact cholesterol rafts are required for integrin adhesiveness in different leukocytes. We found the alpha(4) integrins VLA-4 and alpha(4)beta(7) as well as the LFA-1 integrin to be excluded from rafts of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Disruption of cholesterol rafts with the chelator methyl-beta-cyclodextrin did not affect the ability of these lymphocyte integrins to generate high avidity to their respective endothelial ligands and to promote lymphocyte rolling and arrest on inflamed endothelium under shear flow. In contrast, cholesterol extraction abrogated rapid chemokine triggering of alpha(4)-integrin-dependent peripheral blood lymphocytes adhesion, a process tightly regulated by G(i)-protein activation of G protein-coupled chemokine receptors (GPCR). Strikingly, stimulation of LFA-1 avidity to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by the same chemokines, although G(i)-dependent, was insensitive to raft disruption. Our results suggest that alpha(4) but not LFA-1 integrin avidity stimulation by chemokines involves rapid chemokine-induced GPCR rearrangement that takes place at cholesterol raft platforms upstream to G(i) signaling. Our results provide the first evidence that a particular chemokine/GPCR pair can activate different integrins on the same cell using distinct G(i) protein-associated machineries segregated within defined membrane compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Shamri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Dwir O, Steeber DA, Schwarz US, Camphausen RT, Kansas GS, Tedder TF, Alon R. L-selectin dimerization enhances tether formation to properly spaced ligand. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:21130-9. [PMID: 11907045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201999200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectin counterreceptors are glycoprotein scaffolds bearing multiple carbohydrate ligands with exceptional ability to tether flowing cells under disruptive shear forces. Bond clusters may facilitate formation and stabilization of selectin tethers. L-selectin ligation has been shown to enhance L-selectin rolling on endothelial surfaces. We now report that monoclonal antibodies-induced L-selectin dimerization enhances L-selectin leukocyte tethering to purified physiological L-selectin ligands and glycopeptides. Microkinetic analysis of individual tethers suggests that leukocyte rolling is enhanced through the dimerization-induced increase in tether formation, rather than by tether stabilization. Notably, L-selectin dimerization failed to augment L-selectin-mediated adhesion below a threshold ligand density, suggesting that L-selectin dimerization enhanced adhesiveness only to properly clustered ligand. In contrast, an epidermal growth factor domain substitution of L-selectin enhanced tether formation to L-selectin ligands irrespective of ligand density, suggesting that this domain controls intrinsic ligand binding properties of L-selectin without inducing L-selectin dimerization. Strikingly, at low ligand densities, where L-selectin tethering was not responsive to dimerization, elevated shear stress restored sensitivity of tethering to selectin dimerization. This is the first indication that shear stress augments effective selectin ligand density at local contact sites by promoting L-selectin encounter of immobilized ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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7
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Abstract
Chemokines presented on specialized endothelial surfaces rapidly up-regulate leukocyte integrin avidity and firm arrest through G(i)-protein signaling. Here we describe a novel, G-protein-independent, down-regulatory activity of apical endothelial chemokines in destabilizing L-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. Unexpectedly, this anti-adhesive chemokine suppression of rolling does not involve L-selectin shedding. Destabilization of rolling is induced only by immobilized chemokines juxtaposed to L-selectin ligands and is an energy-dependent process. Chemokines are found to interfere with a subsecond stabilization of selectin tethers necessary for persistent rolling. This is a first indication that endothelial chemokines can attenuate in situ L-selectin adhesion to endothelial ligands at subsecond contacts. This negative feedback mechanism may underlie the jerky nature of rolling mediated by L-selectin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Grabovsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Dwir O, Alon R, Hansson GC. Tumor cell MUC1 and CD43 are glycosylated differently with sialyl-Lewis a and x epitopes and show variable interactions with E-selectin under physiological flow conditions. Glycoconj J 2001; 18:925-30. [PMID: 12820726 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022208727512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mucins secreted from the colon carcinoma cell line COLO 205 have the MUC1 and CD43 (leukosialin) as core proteins, where both carry sialyl-Lewis a and MUC1 sialyl-Lewis x epitopes. The adhesion of E-selectin expressing CHO cells to the coated mucins was analyzed in a flow system revealing that the MUC1 mucin adhered better than the CD43 mucin. One reason could be their different glycosylation, a difference that was explored by analyzing the biosynthesis of MUC1 and CD43 in COLO 205 cells. Both the MUC1 and CD43 mucins became sialyl-Lewis a reactive, but after different times as revealed by pulse-chase studies. However, only MUC1 became sialyl-Lewis x reactive. These differences suggest that MUC1 and CD43 are synthesized in different compartments of the cell. It was also observed that the mucins from colon carcinoma patients had MUC1-type mucins that carried both sialyl-Lewis a and x epitopes and CD43-type sialyl-Lewis a mucins with only low levels of sialyl-Lewis x epitopes. One could hypothesize that colon carcinoma derived MUC1 is decorated with potent E-selectin epitopes, and that this could be one of several reasons for the involvement of MUC1 in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dwir O, Kansas GS, Alon R. Cytoplasmic anchorage of L-selectin controls leukocyte capture and rolling by increasing the mechanical stability of the selectin tether. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:145-56. [PMID: 11581291 PMCID: PMC2150804 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
L-selectin is a leukocyte lectin that mediates leukocyte capture and rolling in the vasculature. The cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin has been shown to regulate leukocyte rolling. In this study, the regulatory mechanisms by which this domain controls L-selectin adhesiveness were investigated. We report that an L-selectin mutant generated by truncation of the COOH-terminal 11 residues of L-selectin tail, which impairs association with the cytoskeletal protein alpha-actinin, could capture leukocytes to glycoprotein L-selectin ligands under physiological shear flow. However, the conversion of initial tethers into rolling was impaired by this partial tail truncation, and was completely abolished by a further four-residue truncation of the L-selectin tail. Physical anchorage of both cell-free tail-truncated mutants within a substrate fully rescued their adhesive deficiencies. Microkinetic analysis of full-length and truncated L-selectin-mediated rolling at millisecond temporal resolution suggests that the lifetime of unstressed L-selectin tethers is unaffected by cytoplasmic tail truncation. However, cytoskeletal anchorage of L-selectin stabilizes the selectin tether by reducing the sensitivity of its dissociation rate to increasing shear forces. Low force sensitivity (reactive compliance) of tether lifetime is crucial for selectins to mediate leukocyte rolling under physiological shear stresses. This is the first demonstration that reduced reactive compliance of L-selectin tethers is regulated by cytoskeletal anchorage, in addition to intrinsic mechanical properties of the selectin-carbohydrate bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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10
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Cinamon G, Grabovsky V, Winter E, Franitza S, Feigelson S, Shamri R, Dwir O, Alon R. Novel chemokine functions in lymphocyte migration through vascular endothelium under shear flow. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.69.6.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cinamon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Valentin Grabovsky
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eitan Winter
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Suzanna Franitza
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sara Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Revital Shamri
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Dwir
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Cinamon G, Grabovsky V, Winter E, Franitza S, Feigelson S, Shamri R, Dwir O, Alon R. Novel chemokine functions in lymphocyte migration through vascular endothelium under shear flow. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69:860-6. [PMID: 11404368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of circulating leukocytes at vascular sites in target tissue has been linked to activation of Gi-protein signaling in leukocytes by endothelial chemokines. The mechanisms by which apical and subendothelial chemokines regulate leukocyte adhesion to and migration across endothelial barriers have been elusive. We recently found that endothelial chemokines not only stimulate integrin-mediated arrest on vascular endothelial ligands but also trigger earlier very late antigen (VLA)-4 integrin-mediated capture (tethering) of lymphocytes to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)-bearing surfaces by extremely rapid modulation of integrin clustering at adhesive contact zones. This rapid modulation of integrin avidity requires chemokine immobilization in juxtaposition with the VLA-4 ligand VCAM-1. We also observed that endothelial-bound chemokines promote massive lymphocyte transendothelial migration (TEM). It is interesting that chemokine-promoted lymphocyte TEM requires continuous exposure of lymphocytes but not of the endothelial barrier to fluid shear. It is noteworthy that lymphocyte stimulation by soluble chemokines did not promote lymphocyte TEM. Our results suggest new roles for apical endothelial chemokines both in triggering lymphocyte capture to the endothelial surface and in driving post-arrest events that promote lymphocyte transmigration across endothelial barriers under shear flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cinamon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Sigal A, Bleijs DA, Grabovsky V, van Vliet SJ, Dwir O, Figdor CG, van Kooyk Y, Alon R. The LFA-1 integrin supports rolling adhesions on ICAM-1 under physiological shear flow in a permissive cellular environment. J Immunol 2000; 165:442-52. [PMID: 10861083 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The LFA-1 integrin is crucial for the firm adhesion of circulating leukocytes to ICAM-1-expressing endothelial cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that LFA-1 can arrest unstimulated PBL subsets and lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells on immobilized ICAM-1 under subphysiological shear flow and mediate firm adhesion to ICAM-1 after short static contact. However, LFA-1 expressed in K562 cells failed to support firm adhesion to ICAM-1 but instead mediated K562 cell rolling on the endothelial ligand under physiological shear stress. LFA-1-mediated rolling required an intact LFA-1 I-domain, was enhanced by Mg2+, and was sharply dependent on ICAM-1 density. This is the first indication that LFA-1 can engage in rolling adhesions with ICAM-1 under physiological shear flow. The ability of LFA-1 to support rolling correlates with decreased avidity and impaired time-dependent adhesion strengthening. A beta2 cytoplasmic domain-deletion mutant of LFA-1, with high avidity to immobilized ICAM-1, mediated firm arrests of K562 cells interacting with ICAM-1 under shear flow. Our results suggest that restrictions in LFA-1 clustering mediated by cytoskeletal attachments may lock the integrin into low-avidity states in particular cellular environments. Although low-avidity LFA-1 states fail to undergo adhesion strengthening upon contact with ICAM-1 at stasis, these states are permissive for leukocyte rolling on ICAM-1 under physiological shear flow. Rolling mediated by low-avidity LFA-1 interactions with ICAM-1 may stabilize rolling initiated by specialized vascular rolling receptors and allow the leukocyte to arrest on vascular endothelium upon exposure to stimulatory endothelial signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sigal
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Dwir O, Kansas GS, Alon R. An activated L-selectin mutant with conserved equilibrium binding properties but enhanced ligand recognition under shear flow. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:18682-91. [PMID: 10747985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selectins mediate the initial tethering and rolling of leukocytes on vessel walls. Adhesion by selectins is a function of both ligand recognition at equilibrium and mechanical properties of the selectin-ligand bond under applied force. We describe an EGF domain mutant of L-selectin with profoundly augmented adhesiveness over that of native L-selectin but conserved ligand specificity. This mutant, termed LPL, was derived by a substitution of the EGF-like domain of L-selectin with the homologous domain from P-selectin. The mutant bound soluble carbohydrate L-selectin ligand with affinity comparable with that of native L-selectin but interacted with all surface-bound ligands much more readily than native L-selectin, in particular under elevated shear flow. Tethers mediated by both native and mutant L-selectin exhibited similar lifetimes under a range of shear stresses, but the rate of bond formation by the mutant was at least 10-fold higher than that of native L-selectin toward distinct L-selectin ligands. Enhanced rate of bond formation by the mutant was associated with profoundly stronger rolling interactions and reduced dependence of rolling on a threshold of shear stress. This is the first demonstration that the EGF domain can modulate the binding of the lectin domain of a selectin to surface-immobilized ligands under shear flow without affecting the equilibrium properties of the selectin toward soluble ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Eshel R, Zanin A, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Smorodinsky NI, Dwir O, Alon R, Brakenhoff R, van Dongen G, Witz IP. The GPI-linked Ly-6 antigen E48 regulates expression levels of the FX enzyme and of E-selectin ligands on head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:12833-40. [PMID: 10777581 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.17.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
By differential display we demonstrated that antibody-mediated ligation of the GPI-linked protein product of E48, a newly discovered human Ly-6 gene, up-regulates the expression of the FX enzyme in 3 lines of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. FX is responsible for the last step in the synthesis of GDP-L-fucose. The up-regulation of FX was E48 ligand-specific. 22AWT head and neck squamous carcinoma cells expressing high levels of E48 expressed significantly higher levels of FX than the E48 antisense transfected 22AWT cells (8-3 cells). The former cells also expressed higher levels of two major fucosylated glycans (the selectin ligand, Sialyl Lewis a, and VIM-2) than the E48 antisense transfectants. Conversely, transfection of cells from the 14CWT line expressing very low levels of E48 with E48 cDNA caused an up-regulated expression of FX and of the two fucosylated glycans in the 14C-CMV16 transfectants. Moreover, the expression levels of Sialyl Lewis a was significantly up-regulated on HNSCC upon ligation of E48 by anti-E48 antibodies. The functional significance of the E48-mediated up-regulation of Sialyl Lewis a was demonstrated in rolling experiments on E-selectin bearing surfaces under physiological conditions of shear flow and on tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Only high E48/FX/Sialyl Lewis a expressing 14C-CMV16 cells could roll on purified E-selectin or establish E-selectin dependent rolling on the activated human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Low E48/FX/Sialyl Lewis a expressing 14CWT cells did not roll. These results show that E48 controls the expression of the FX enzyme and of certain fucosylated E-selectin ligands by HNSCC. E48 may thus function as a key regulator of the adhesiveness of these tumor cells to inflamed vessel walls expressing E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology and Ela Kodesz Institute for Research on Cancer Development and Prevention, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Sanders WJ, Gordon EJ, Dwir O, Beck PJ, Alon R, Kiessling LL. Inhibition of L-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling by synthetic glycoprotein mimics. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:5271-8. [PMID: 10026133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.9.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic carbohydrate and glycoprotein mimics displaying sulfated saccharide residues have been assayed for their L-selectin inhibitory properties under static and flow conditions. Polymers displaying the L-selectin recognition epitopes 3',6-disulfo Lewis x(Glc) (3-O-SO3-Galbeta1alpha4(Fucalpha1alpha3)-6-O-SO3-Glcbeta+ ++-OR) and 3',6'-disulfo Lewis x(Glc) (3, 6-di-O-SO3-Galbeta1alpha4(Fucalpha1alpha3)Glcbeta-OR) both inhibit L-selectin binding to heparin under static, cell-free binding conditions with similar efficacies. Under conditions of shear flow, however, only the polymer displaying 3',6-disulfo Lewis x(Glc) inhibits the rolling of L-selectin-transfected cells on the glycoprotein ligand GlyCAM-1. Although it has been shown to more effective than sialyl Lewis x at blocking the L-selectin-GlyCAM-1 interaction in static binding studies, the corresponding monomer had no effect in the dynamic assay. These data indicate that multivalent ligands are far more effective inhibitors of L-selectin-mediated rolling than their monovalent counterparts and that the inhibitory activities are dependent on the specific sulfation pattern of the recognition epitope. Importantly, our results indicate the L-selectin specificity for one ligand over another found in static, cell-free binding assays is not necessarily retained under the conditions of shear flow. The results suggest that monovalent or polyvalent carbohydrate or glycoprotein mimetics that inhibit selectin binding in static assays may not block the more physiologically relevant process of selectin-mediated rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Sanders
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Chen C, Mobley JL, Dwir O, Shimron F, Grabovsky V, Lobb RR, Shimizu Y, Alon R. High affinity very late antigen-4 subsets expressed on T cells are mandatory for spontaneous adhesion strengthening but not for rolling on VCAM-1 in shear flow. J Immunol 1999; 162:1084-95. [PMID: 9916737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The very late Ag-4 (VLA-4) integrin supports both rolling and firm adhesion of leukocytes on VCAM-1 under shear flow. The molecular basis for the unique ability of a single adhesion molecule to mediate these versatile adhesive processes was investigated. VLA-4 occurs in multiple activation states, with different affinities to ligand. In this study we tested how these states regulate VLA-4 adhesiveness under shear flow in Jurkat T cells and PBL. VLA-4 on nonstimulated Jurkat cells supported rolling and spontaneous arrest on VCAM-1, whereas a Jurkat activation mutant with reduced VLA-4 affinity failed to spontaneously arrest after tethering to or during rolling on VCAM-1. The contribution of VLA-4 affinity for ligand to rolling and spontaneous arrests on immobilized VCAM-1 was dissected using soluble VLA-4 ligands, which selectively block high affinity states. VLA-4 saturation with ligand completely blocked spontaneous adhesion strengthening post-tethering to VCAM-1, but did not impair rolling on the endothelial ligand. High affinity VLA-4 was found to comprise a small subset of VLA-4 on resting Jurkat cells and PBL. This subset is essential for firm adhesion but not for tethering or rolling adhesions on VCAM-1. Interestingly, low and high affinity VLA-4 states were found to mediate similar initial tethering to ligand. High affinity VLA-4, constitutively expressed on circulating T cells, may control their early adhesion strengthening on VCAM-1-expressing endothelium before exposure to vascular chemokines and activation of additional integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Chen C, Mobley JL, Dwir O, Shimron F, Grabovsky V, Lobb RR, Shimizu Y, Alon R. High Affinity Very Late Antigen-4 Subsets Expressed on T Cells Are Mandatory for Spontaneous Adhesion Strengthening But Not for Rolling on VCAM-1 in Shear Flow. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.2.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The very late Ag-4 (VLA-4) integrin supports both rolling and firm adhesion of leukocytes on VCAM-1 under shear flow. The molecular basis for the unique ability of a single adhesion molecule to mediate these versatile adhesive processes was investigated. VLA-4 occurs in multiple activation states, with different affinities to ligand. In this study we tested how these states regulate VLA-4 adhesiveness under shear flow in Jurkat T cells and PBL. VLA-4 on nonstimulated Jurkat cells supported rolling and spontaneous arrest on VCAM-1, whereas a Jurkat activation mutant with reduced VLA-4 affinity failed to spontaneously arrest after tethering to or during rolling on VCAM-1. The contribution of VLA-4 affinity for ligand to rolling and spontaneous arrests on immobilized VCAM-1 was dissected using soluble VLA-4 ligands, which selectively block high affinity states. VLA-4 saturation with ligand completely blocked spontaneous adhesion strengthening post-tethering to VCAM-1, but did not impair rolling on the endothelial ligand. High affinity VLA-4 was found to comprise a small subset of VLA-4 on resting Jurkat cells and PBL. This subset is essential for firm adhesion but not for tethering or rolling adhesions on VCAM-1. Interestingly, low and high affinity VLA-4 states were found to mediate similar initial tethering to ligand. High affinity VLA-4, constitutively expressed on circulating T cells, may control their early adhesion strengthening on VCAM-1-expressing endothelium before exposure to vascular chemokines and activation of additional integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - James L. Mobley
- †Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Oren Dwir
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frida Shimron
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Valentin Grabovsky
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yoji Shimizu
- †Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Ronen Alon
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Dwir O, Shimron F, Chen C, Singer MS, Rosen SD, Alon R. GlyCAM-1 supports leukocyte rolling in flow: evidence for a greater dynamic stability of L-selectin rolling of lymphocytes than of neutrophils. Cell Adhes Commun 1998; 6:349-70. [PMID: 9865468 DOI: 10.3109/15419069809010793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
L-selectin plays a major role in leukocyte traffic through lymph node high endothelial venules (HEV). We have investigated the role of GlyCAM-1, a major L-selectin ligand produced by HEV, in mediating leukocyte rolling under in vitro flow conditions. Purified GlyCAM-1 was found to support tethering and rolling in physiological shear flow of both human and murine L-selectin expressing leukocytes at an efficiency comparable to the HEV-derived L-selectin ligands termed peripheral node addressin (PNAd). Major dynamic differences between L-selectin rolling of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and neutrophils expressing similar L-selectin level were observed on GlyCAM-1. Lymphocytes established slower and more shear resistant rolling than neutrophils and could roll on GlyCAM-1 at shear stresses lower than the threshold values required for L-selectin-mediated neutrophil rolling. Notably, high stability of L-selectin rolling of lymphocytes requires intact cellular energy, although initial lymphocyte tethering to L-selectin ligands is energy-independent. By contrast, L-selectin mediated rolling of neutrophils is insensitive to energy depletion. The distinct dynamic behavior and energy-dependence of L-selectin rolling in different leukocytes suggest that L-selectin adhesiveness in shear flow is regulated in a cell-type specific manner. The greater stability of L-selectin rolling of lymphocytes on surface-adsorbed GlyCAM-1 may contribute to their selective recruitment at peripheral lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dwir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Weizman H, Ardon O, Mester B, Libman J, Dwir O, Hadar Y, Chen Y, Shanzer A. Fluorescently-Labeled Ferrichrome Analogs as Probes for Receptor-Mediated, Microbial Iron Uptake. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9610646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haim Weizman
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Orly Ardon
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Brenda Mester
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jacqueline Libman
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Dwir
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yona Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Abraham Shanzer
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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