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Camarasa TMN, Torné J, Chevalier C, Rasid O, Hamon MA. Streptococcus pneumoniae drives specific and lasting Natural Killer cell memory. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011159. [PMID: 37486946 PMCID: PMC10399893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are important mediators of innate immunity and play an essential role for host protection against infection, although their responses to bacteria are poorly understood. Recently NK cells were shown to display memory properties, as characterized by an epigenetic signature leading to a stronger secondary response. Although NK cell memory could be a promising mechanism to fight against infection, it has not been described upon bacterial infection. Using a mouse model, we reveal that NK cells develop specific and long-term memory following sub-lethal infection with the extracellular pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Memory NK cells display intrinsic sensing and response to bacteria in vitro, in a manner that is enhanced post-bacterial infection. In addition, their transfer into naïve mice confers protection from lethal infection for at least 12 weeks. Interestingly, NK cells display enhanced cytotoxic molecule production upon secondary stimulation and their protective role is dependent on Perforin and independent of IFNγ. Thus, our study identifies a new role for NK cells during bacterial infection, opening the possibility to harness innate immune memory for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine M. N. Camarasa
- Chromatin and Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 562 Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Júlia Torné
- Chromatin and Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Orhan Rasid
- Chromatin and Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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2
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Chauché C, Rasid O, Donachie A, McManus CM, Löser S, Campion T, Richards J, Smyth DJ, McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β. Immunology 2022; 167:197-211. [PMID: 35758054 PMCID: PMC9885513 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2-high asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which is increasingly prevalent in countries where helminth parasite infections are rare, and characterized by T helper 2 (Th2)-dependent accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs. Regulatory cytokines such as TGF-β can restrain inflammatory reactions, dampen allergic Th2 responses, and control eosinophil activation. The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus releases a TGF-β mimic (Hp-TGM) that replicates the biological and functional properties of TGF-β despite bearing no structural similarity to the mammalian protein. Here, we investigated if Hp-TGM could alleviate allergic airway inflammation in mice exposed to Alternaria alternata allergen, house dust mite (HDM) extract or alum-adjuvanted ovalbumin protein (OVA). Intranasal administration of Hp-TGM during Alternaria exposure sharply reduced airway and lung tissue eosinophilia along with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-5 and lung IL-33 cytokine levels at 24 h. The protective effect of Hp-TGM on airway eosinophilia was also obtained in the longer T-cell mediated models of HDM or OVA sensitisation with significant inhibition of eotaxin-1, IL-4 and IL-13 responses depending on the model and time-point. Hp-TGM was also protective when administered parenterally either when given at the time of allergic sensitisation or during airway allergen challenge. This project has taken the first steps in identifying the role of Hp-TGM in allergic asthma and highlighted its ability to control lung inflammation and allergic pathology. Future research will investigate the mode of action of Hp-TGM against airway allergic eosinophilia, and further explore its potential to be developed as a biotherapeutic in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chauché
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Anne‐Marie Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin M. McManus
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tiffany Campion
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Josh Richards
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Varyani F, Löser S, Filbey KJ, Harcus Y, Drurey C, Poveda MC, Rasid O, White MPJ, Smyth DJ, Gerbe F, Jay P, Maizels RM. The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1243-1256. [PMID: 35288645 PMCID: PMC9705247 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key innate immune mediator with chemokine- and cytokine-like properties in the inflammatory pathway. While its actions on macrophages are well-studied, its effects on other cell types are less understood. Here we report that MIF is required for expansion of intestinal tuft cells during infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. MIF-deficient mice show defective innate responses following infection, lacking intestinal epithelial tuft cell hyperplasia or upregulation of goblet cell RELMβ, and fail to expand eosinophil, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) and macrophage (M2) populations. Similar effects were observed in MIF-sufficient wild-type mice given the MIF inhibitor 4-IPP. MIF had no direct effect on epithelial cells in organoid cultures, and MIF-deficient intestinal stem cells could generate tuft cells in vitro in the presence of type 2 cytokines. In vivo the lack of MIF could be fully compensated by administration of IL-25, restoring tuft cell differentiation and goblet cell expression of RELM-β, demonstrating its requirement upstream of the ILC2-tuft cell circuit. Both ILC2s and macrophages expressed the MIF receptor CXCR4, indicating that MIF may act as an essential co-factor on both cell types to activate responses to IL-25 in helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Varyani
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephan Löser
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kara J. Filbey
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Present Address: Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yvonne Harcus
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Drurey
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Madeleine P. J. White
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK ,grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Present Address: Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - François Gerbe
- grid.461890.20000 0004 0383 2080IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- grid.461890.20000 0004 0383 2080IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Dong W, Rasid O, Chevalier C, Connor M, Eldridge MJG, Hamon MA. Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Promotes Histone H3 Dephosphorylation by Modulating Host PP1 Phosphatase. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4016-4026.e4. [PMID: 32209465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can alter host gene expression through post-translational modifications of histones. We show that a natural colonizer, Streptococcus pneumoniae, induces specific histone modifications, including robust dephosphorylation of histone H3 on serine 10 (H3S10), during infection of respiratory epithelial cells. The bacterial pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (PLY), along with the pyruvate oxidase SpxB responsible for H2O2 production, play important roles in the induction of this modification. The combined effects of PLY and H2O2 trigger host signaling that culminates in H3S10 dephosphorylation, which is mediated by the host cell phosphatase PP1. Strikingly, S. pneumoniae infection induces dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of PP1 catalytic activity. Colonization of PP1 catalytically deficient cells results in impaired intracellular S. pneumoniae survival and infection. Interestingly, PP1 activation and H3S10 dephosphorylation are not restricted to S. pneumoniae and appear to be general epigenomic mechanisms favoring intracellular survival of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Dong
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Orhan Rasid
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Michael Connor
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
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Connor MG, Camarasa TMN, Patey E, Rasid O, Barrio L, Weight CM, Miller DP, Heyderman RS, Lamont RJ, Enninga J, Hamon MA. The histone demethylase KDM6B fine-tunes the host response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nat Microbiol 2020; 6:257-269. [PMID: 33349663 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a natural colonizer of the human respiratory tract and an opportunistic pathogen. Although epithelial cells are among the first to encounter pneumococci, the cellular processes and contribution of epithelial cells to the host response are poorly understood. Here, we show that a S. pneumoniae serotype 6B ST90 strain, which does not cause disease in a murine infection model, induces a unique NF-κB signature response distinct from an invasive-disease-causing isolate of serotype 4 (TIGR4). This signature is characterized by activation of p65 and requires a histone demethylase KDM6B. We show, molecularly, that the interaction of the 6B strain with epithelial cells leads to chromatin remodelling within the IL-11 promoter in a KDM6B-dependent manner, where KDM6B specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 27 dimethyl. Remodelling of the IL-11 locus facilitates p65 access to three NF-κB sites that are otherwise inaccessible when stimulated by IL-1β or TIGR4. Finally, we demonstrate through chemical inhibition of KDM6B with GSK-J4 inhibitor and through exogenous addition of IL-11 that the host responses to the 6B ST90 and TIGR4 strains can be interchanged both in vitro and in a murine model of infection in vivo. Our studies therefore reveal how a chromatin modifier governs cellular responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiphaine M N Camarasa
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emma Patey
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Barrio
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline M Weight
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jost Enninga
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Melanie A Hamon
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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6
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Rasid O, Chevalier C, Camarasa TMN, Fitting C, Cavaillon JM, Hamon MA. H3K4me1 Supports Memory-like NK Cells Induced by Systemic Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3933-3945.e3. [PMID: 31851924 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are unique players in innate immunity and, as such, an attractive target for immunotherapy. NK cells display immune memory properties in certain models, but the long-term status of NK cells following systemic inflammation is unknown. Here we show that following LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice, NK cells acquire cell-intrinsic memory-like properties, showing increased production of IFNγ upon specific secondary stimulation. The NK cell memory response is detectable for at least 9 weeks and contributes to protection from E. coli infection upon adoptive transfer. Importantly, we reveal a mechanism essential for NK cell memory, whereby an H3K4me1-marked latent enhancer is uncovered at the ifng locus. Chemical inhibition of histone methyltransferase activity erases the enhancer and abolishes NK cell memory. Thus, NK cell memory develops after endotoxemia in a histone methylation-dependent manner, ensuring a heightened response to secondary stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | - Tiphaine Marie-Noelle Camarasa
- G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Santecchia I, Vernel-Pauillac F, Rasid O, Quintin J, Gomes-Solecki M, Boneca IG, Werts C. Innate immune memory through TLR2 and NOD2 contributes to the control of Leptospira interrogans infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007811. [PMID: 31107928 PMCID: PMC6544334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans are pathogenic spirochetes responsible for leptospirosis, a worldwide reemerging zoonosis. Many Leptospira serovars have been described, and prophylaxis using inactivated bacteria provides only short-term serovar-specific protection. Therefore, alternative approaches to limit severe leptospirosis in humans and morbidity in cattle would be welcome. Innate immune cells, including macrophages, play a key role in fighting infection and pathogen clearance. Recently, it has been shown that functional reprograming of innate immune cells through the activation of pattern recognition receptors leads to enhanced nonspecific antimicrobial responses upon a subsequent microbial encounter. This mechanism is known as trained immunity or innate immune memory. We have previously shown that oral treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum confers a beneficial effect against acute leptospirosis. Here, using a macrophage depletion protocol and live imaging in mice, we established the role of peritoneal macrophages in limiting the initial dissemination of leptospires. We further showed that intraperitoneal priming of mice with CL429, a TLR2 and NOD2 agonist known to mimic the modulatory effect of Lactobacillus, alleviated acute leptospiral infection. The CL429 treatment was characterized as a training effect since i.) it was linked to peritoneal macrophages that produced ex vivo more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines against 3 different pathogenic serovars of Leptospira, independently of the presence of B and T cells, ii.) it had systemic effects on splenic cells and bone marrow derived macrophages, and iii.) it was sustained for 3 months. Importantly, trained macrophages produced more nitric oxide, a potent antimicrobial compound, which has not been previously linked to trained immunity. Accordingly, trained macrophages better restrict leptospiral survival. Finally, we could use CL429 to train ex vivo human monocytes that produced more cytokines upon leptospiral stimulation. In conclusion, host-directed treatment using a TLR2/NOD2 agonist could be envisioned as a novel prophylactic strategy against acute leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Santecchia
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Groupe Avenir, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Vernel-Pauillac
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Groupe Avenir, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Chromatine et Infection G5, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Quintin
- Immunologie des infections fongiques G5, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria Gomes-Solecki
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ivo G. Boneca
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Groupe Avenir, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Werts
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Groupe Avenir, INSERM, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Rasid O, Cavaillon JM. Compartment diversity in innate immune reprogramming. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:156-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gresnigt MS, Jaeger M, Subbarao Malireddi RK, Rasid O, Jouvion G, Fitting C, Melchers WJG, Kanneganti TD, Carvalho A, Ibrahim-Granet O, van de Veerdonk FL. The Absence of NOD1 Enhances Killing of Aspergillus fumigatus Through Modulation of Dectin-1 Expression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1777. [PMID: 29326692 PMCID: PMC5733348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major life-threatening infections for which severely immunocompromised patients are at risk is invasive aspergillosis (IA). Despite the current treatment options, the increasing antifungal resistance and poor outcome highlight the need for novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcome of patients with IA. In the current study, we investigated whether and how the intracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD1 is involved in host defense against Aspergillus fumigatus. When exploring the role of NOD1 in an experimental mouse model, we found that Nod1−/− mice were protected against IA and demonstrated reduced fungal outgrowth in the lungs. We found that macrophages derived from bone marrow of Nod1−/− mice were more efficiently inducing reactive oxygen species and cytokines in response to Aspergillus. Most strikingly, these cells were highly potent in killing A. fumigatus compared with wild-type cells. In line, human macrophages in which NOD1 was silenced demonstrated augmented Aspergillus killing and NOD1 stimulation decreased fungal killing. The differentially altered killing capacity of NOD1 silencing versus NOD1 activation was associated with alterations in dectin-1 expression, with activation of NOD1 reducing dectin-1 expression. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that Nod1−/− mice have elevated dectin-1 expression in the lung and bone marrow, and silencing of NOD1 gene expression in human macrophages increases dectin-1 expression. The enhanced dectin-1 expression may be the mechanism of enhanced fungal killing of Nod1−/− cells and human cells in which NOD1 was silenced, since blockade of dectin-1 reversed the augmented killing in these cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that NOD1 receptor plays an inhibitory role in the host defense against Aspergillus. This provides a rationale to develop novel immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of aspergillosis that target the NOD1 receptor, to enhance the efficiency of host immune cells to clear the infection by increasing fungal killing and cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gresnigt
- Unité de recherche Cytokines and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Laboratory for Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Laboratory for Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Unité de recherche Cytokines and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Fitting
- Unité de recherche Cytokines and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Laboratory for Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Wong SSW, Rasid O, Laskaris P, Fekkar A, Cavaillon JM, Steinbach WJ, Ibrahim-Granet O. Treatment of Cyclosporin A retains host defense against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-immunosuppressive murine model by preserving the myeloid cell population. Virulence 2017; 8:1744-1752. [PMID: 28594271 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1339007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used as an immunosuppressive agent for organ transplant recipients. CsA inhibits calcineurin, which is highly conserved in mammals and fungi, and thus affects both types of organism. In mammals, the immunosuppressive effect of CsA is via hampering T cell activation. In fungi, the growth inhibitory effect of CsA is via interference with hyphal growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether CsA renders mice susceptible to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and whether it can protect immunosuppressed mice from infection. We therefore examined both the antifungal and the immunosuppressive activity of CsA in immunosuppressed and in immunocompetent mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus to model IPA. We found that daily injections of CsA could not produce an antifungal effect sufficient to rescue immunosuppressed mice from lethal IPA. However, a 100% survival rate was obtained in non-immunosuppressed mice receiving daily CsA, indicating that CsA did not render the mice vulnerable to IPA. The lymphocyte subset was significantly suppressed by CsA, while the myeloid subset was not. Therefore, we speculate that CsA does not impair the host defense against IPA since the myeloid cells are preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orhan Rasid
- b Unité Cytokines & Inflammation , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Paris Laskaris
- b Unité Cytokines & Inflammation , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Arnaud Fekkar
- c AP-HP , Groupe hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie , Paris , France.,d Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses , CIMI-Paris , Paris , France.,e Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | | | - William J Steinbach
- f Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University , NC , USA
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Rasid O, Ciulean IS, Fitting C, Doyen N, Cavaillon JM. Local Microenvironment Controls the Compartmentalization of NK Cell Responses during Systemic Inflammation in Mice. J Immunol 2016; 197:2444-54. [PMID: 27521338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a whole-body reaction to a triggering insult that often results in life-threatening illness. Contributing to the development of this inflammatory cascade are numerous cellular partners, among which NK cells were shown to play a key role. Accumulating evidence points to organ-specific properties of systemic inflammation and NK cells. However, little is known about compartment-specific activation of NK cells during systemic inflammatory response syndrome or the relative contribution of NK cell-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental cues. In this study, we undertook a sequential characterization of NK responses in the spleen, lungs, bone marrow, peritoneum, and blood using a mouse model of endotoxemia. We report that, despite similar systemic dynamics of NK cell responses, expression of activation markers (CD69 and CD25) and effector molecules (IFN-γ, granzyme B, and IL-10) display organ-specific thresholds of maximum activation. Using adoptive transfers of spleen and lung NK cells, we found that these cells have the capacity to quickly adapt to a new environment and adjust their response levels to that of resident NK cells. This functional adaptation occurs without significant alterations in phenotype and independently of subpopulation-specific trafficking. Thus, using a dynamic in vivo-transfer system, to our knowledge our study is the first to report the compartmentalization of NK cells responses during systemic inflammation and to show that NK cell-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental cues are involved in this process, in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Ioana Sonya Ciulean
- Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; and Cantacuzino National Research Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catherine Fitting
- Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Noelle Doyen
- Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; and
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Gresnigt MS, Rekiki A, Rasid O, Savers A, Jouvion G, Dannaoui E, Parlato M, Fitting C, Brock M, Cavaillon JM, van de Veerdonk FL, Ibrahim-Granet O. Reducing hypoxia and inflammation during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by targeting the Interleukin-1 receptor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26490. [PMID: 27215684 PMCID: PMC4877709 DOI: 10.1038/srep26490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia as a result of pulmonary tissue damage due to unresolved inflammation during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is associated with a poor outcome. Aspergillus fumigatus can exploit the hypoxic microenvironment in the lung, but the inflammatory response required for fungal clearance can become severely disregulated as a result of hypoxia. Since severe inflammation can be detrimental to the host, we investigated whether targeting the interleukin IL-1 pathway could reduce inflammation and tissue hypoxia, improving the outcome of IPA. The interplay between hypoxia and inflammation was investigated by in vivo imaging of hypoxia and measurement of cytokines in the lungs in a model of corticosteroid immunocompromised and in Cxcr2 deficient mice. Severe hypoxia was observed following Aspergillus infection in both models and correlated with development of pulmonary inflammation and expression of hypoxia specific transcripts. Treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist reduced hypoxia and slightly, but significantly reduced mortality in immunosuppressed mice, but was unable to reduce hypoxia in Cxcr2(-/-) mice. Our data provides evidence that the inflammatory response during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and in particular the IL-1 axis, drives the development of hypoxia. Targeting the inflammatory IL-1 response could be used as a potential immunomodulatory therapy to improve the outcome of aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gresnigt
- Unité de recherche Cytokines &Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris.,Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Orhan Rasid
- Unité de recherche Cytokines &Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris
| | - Amélie Savers
- Fungal Genetics and Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Institut Pasteur, Paris France
| | - Eric Dannaoui
- Paris-Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, APHP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Parasitology-Mycology Unit, Microbiology department, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- INSERM UMR S1163 Institut Imagine, Laboratoire d'Immunité Intestinale, Paris France
| | | | - Matthias Brock
- Fungal Genetics and Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Rasid O, Mériaux V, Khan EM, Borde C, Ciulean IS, Fitting C, Manoury B, Cavaillon JM, Doyen N. Cathepsin B-Deficient Mice Resolve Leishmania major Inflammation Faster in a T Cell-Dependent Manner. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004716. [PMID: 27182703 PMCID: PMC4868322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical role for intracellular TLR9 has been described in recognition and host resistance to Leishmania parasites. As TLR9 requires endolysosomal proteolytic cleavage to achieve signaling functionality, we investigated the contribution of different proteases like asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) or cysteine protease cathepsins B (CatB), L (CatL) and S (CatS) to host resistance during Leishmania major (L. major) infection in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and whether they would impact on TLR9 signaling. Unlike TLR9-/-, which are more susceptible to infection, AEP-/-, CatL-/- and CatS-/- mice are as resistant to L. major infection as WT mice, suggesting that these proteases are not individually involved in TLR9 processing. Interestingly, we observed that CatB-/- mice resolve L. major lesions significantly faster than WT mice, however we did not find evidence for an involvement of CatB on either TLR9-dependent or independent cytokine responses of dendritic cells and macrophages or in the innate immune response to L. major infection. We also found no difference in antigen presenting capacity. We observed a more precocious development of T helper 1 responses accompanied by a faster decline of inflammation, resulting in resolution of footpad inflammation, reduced IFNγ levels and decreased parasite burden. Adoptive transfer experiments into alymphoid RAG2-/-γc-/- mice allowed us to identify CD3+ T cells as responsible for the immune advantage of CatB-/- mice towards L. major. In vitro data confirmed the T cell intrinsic differences between CatB-/- mice and WT. Our study brings forth a yet unappreciated role for CatB in regulating T cell responses during L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (OR); (ND)
| | - Véronique Mériaux
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Erin M. Khan
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Borde
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Ioana S. Ciulean
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
- Cantacuzino National Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catherine Fitting
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Noëlle Doyen
- Institut Pasteur, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (OR); (ND)
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Savers A, Rasid O, Parlato M, Brock M, Jouvion G, Ryffel B, Cavaillon JM, Eberl G, Ibrahim-Granet O. Infection-Mediated Priming of Phagocytes Protects against Lethal Secondary Aspergillus fumigatus Challenge. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153829. [PMID: 27078879 PMCID: PMC4831689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes restrict the germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and prevent the establishment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunecompetent mice. Here we report that immunecompetent mice recovering from a primary A. fumigatus challenge are protected against a secondary lethal challenge. Using RAGγc knock-out mice we show that this protection is independent of T, B and NK cells. In protected mice, lung phagocytes are recruited more rapidly and are more efficient in conidial phagocytosis and killing. Protection was also associated with an enhanced expression of CXCR2 and Dectin-1 on bone marrow phagocytes. We also show that protective lung cytokine and chemokine responses are induced more rapidly and with enhanced dynamics in protected mice. Our findings support the hypothesis that following a first encounter with a non-lethal dose of A. fumigatus conidia, the innate immune system is primed and can mediate protection against a secondary lethal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Savers
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
- Fungal Genetics and Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Cytokines & Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- INSERM UMR S1163 -Institut Imagine, Laboratoire d’Immunité Intestinale, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Brock
- Fungal Genetics and Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Jouvion
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- INSERM, UMR 7355, Immunologie Moléculaire, Institut de Transgénose, Université d'Orléans et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
| | | | - Gerard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Lymphoid Tissue Development Unit, Paris, France
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Abstract
Severe sepsis remains a worldwide threat, not only in industrialized countries, due to their aging population, but also in developing countries where there still are numerous cases of neonatal and puerperal sepsis. Tools for early diagnosis, a prerequisite for rapid and appropriate antibiotic therapy, are still required. In this review, we highlight some recent developments in our understanding of the associated systemic inflammatory response that help deciphering pathophysiology (e.g., epigenetic, miRNA, regulatory loops, compartmentalization, apoptosis and synergy) and discuss some of the consequences of sepsis (e.g., immune status, neurological and muscular alterations). We also emphasize the challenge to better define animal models and discuss past failures in clinical investigations in order to define new efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
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16
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Stavaru C, Onu A, Lupulescu E, Tucureanu C, Rasid O, Vlase E, Coman C, Caras I, Ghiorghisor A, Berbecila L, Tofan V, Bowen RA, Marlenee N, Hartwig A, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Baldwin SL, Van Hoeven N, Vedvick TS, Huynh C, O'Hara MK, Noah DL, Fox CB. Technology transfer of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant manufacturing for pandemic influenza vaccine production in Romania: Preclinical evaluation of split virion inactivated H5N1 vaccine with adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:1009-26. [PMID: 26618392 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine doses containing oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant have been administered in order to enhance and broaden immune responses and to facilitate antigen sparing. Despite the enactment of a Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines and a multi-fold increase in production capabilities over the past 10 years, worldwide capacity for pandemic influenza vaccine production is still limited. In developing countries, where routine influenza vaccination is not fully established, additional measures are needed to ensure adequate supply of pandemic influenza vaccines without dependence on the shipment of aid from other, potentially impacted first-world countries. Adaptation of influenza vaccine and adjuvant technologies by developing country influenza vaccine manufacturers may enable antigen sparing and corresponding increases in global influenza vaccine coverage capacity. Following on previously described work involving the technology transfer of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant manufacturing to a Romanian vaccine manufacturing institute, we herein describe the preclinical evaluation of inactivated split virion H5N1 influenza vaccine with emulsion adjuvant, including immunogenicity, protection from virus challenge, antigen sparing capacity, and safety. In parallel with the evaluation of the bioactivity of the tech-transferred adjuvant, we also describe the impact of concurrent antigen manufacturing optimization activities. Depending on the vaccine antigen source and manufacturing process, inclusion of adjuvant was shown to enhance and broaden functional antibody titers in mouse and rabbit models, promote protection from homologous virus challenge in ferrets, and facilitate antigen sparing. Besides scientific findings, the operational lessons learned are delineated in order to facilitate adaptation of adjuvant technologies by other developing country institutes to enhance global pandemic influenza preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crina Stavaru
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Adrian Onu
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | | | - Orhan Rasid
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Ene Vlase
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Cristin Coman
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Iuliana Caras
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | | | - Vlad Tofan
- a Cantacuzino National Research Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Richard A Bowen
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Nicole Marlenee
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Airn Hartwig
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- c Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- d Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Neal Van Hoeven
- d Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle , WA , USA
| | | | - Chuong Huynh
- e Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Michael K O'Hara
- e Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Diana L Noah
- f Southern Research Institute , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Rasid O, Meulenbroeks C, Gröne A, Zaiss D, Sijts A. Enhanced inflammatory potential of CD4+ T-cells that lack proteasome immunosubunit expression, in a T-cell transfer-based colitis model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95378. [PMID: 24740379 PMCID: PMC3989320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes play a fundamental role in intracellular protein degradation and therewith regulate a variety of cellular processes. Exposure of cells to (pro)inflammatory cytokines upregulates the expression of three inducible catalytic proteasome subunits, the immunosubunits, which incorporate into newly assembled proteasome complexes and alter the catalytic activity of the cellular proteasome population. Single gene-deficient mice lacking one of the three immunosubunits are resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis development and, likewise, inhibition of one single immunosubunit protects mice against the development of DSS-induced colitis. The observed diminished disease susceptibility has been attributed to altered cytokine production and CD4+ T-cell differentiation in the absence of immunosubunits. To further test whether the catalytic activity conferred by immunosubunits plays an essential role in CD4+ T-cell function and to distinguish between the role of immunosubunits in effector T-cells versus inflamed tissue, we used a T-cell transfer-induced colitis model. Naïve wt or immunosubunit-deficient CD4+ T-cells were adoptively transferred into RAG1-/- and immunosubunit-deficient RAG1-/- mice and colitis development was determined six weeks later. While immunosubunit expression in recipient mice had no effect on colitis development, transferred immunosubunit-deficient T- cells were more potent in inducing colitis and produced more proinflammatory IL17 than wt T-cells. Taken together, our data show that modifications in proteasome-mediated proteolysis in T-cells, conferred by lack of immunosubunit incorporation, do not attenuate but enhance CD4+ T-cell-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Meulenbroeks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Zaiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (AS); (DZ)
| | - Alice Sijts
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (AS); (DZ)
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Rasid O, Cavaillon JM. TLR-independent activation of NK cells during systemic inflammation. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4273927 DOI: 10.1186/cc14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Parveez GK, Masri MM, Zainal A, Majid NA, Yunus AM, Fadilah HH, Rasid O, Cheah SC. Transgenic oil palm: production and projection. Biochem Soc Trans 2000; 28:969-72. [PMID: 11171275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm is an important economic crop for Malaysia. Genetic engineering could be applied to produce transgenic oil palms with high value-added fatty acids and novel products to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry. Establishment of a reliable transformation and regeneration system is essential for genetic engineering. Biolistic was initially chosen as the method for oil palm transformation as it has been the most successful method for monocotyledons to date. Optimization of physical and biological parameters, including testing of promoters and selective agents, was carried out as a prerequisite for stable transformation. This has resulted in the successful transfer of reporter genes into oil palm and the regeneration of transgenic oil palm, thus making it possible to improve the oil palm through genetic engineering. Besides application of the Biolistics method, studies on transformation mediated by Agrobacterium and utilization of the green fluorescent protein gene as a selectable marker gene have been initiated. Upon the development of a reliable transformation system, a number of useful targets are being projected for oil palm improvement. Among these targets are high-oleate and high-stearate oils, and the production of industrial feedstock such as biodegradable plastics. The efforts in oil palm genetic engineering are thus not targeted as commodity palm oil. Due to the long life cycle of the palm and the time taken to regenerate plants in tissue culture, it is envisaged that commercial planting of transgenic palms will not occur any earlier than the year 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Parveez
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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