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Maiden TMM, Mbelesi N, Procopiou PA, Swanson S, Harrity JPA. A convergent strategy towards febrifugine and related compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4159-4169. [PMID: 29786725 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a modular five step synthetic route to the febrifugines that employs 2-(chloromethyl)allyl-trimethylsilane as a conjunctive reagent for the coupling of the piperidine and quinazolinone groups. We also demonstrate the application of a recent Rh-catalyzed quinazolinone synthesis for the facile generation of febrifugine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M M Maiden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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2
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of supported vinyl ethers R(1)C(=CH(2))O-CH(2)-polymer, prepared by the Tebbe olefination of R(1)CO(2)-CH(2)-polymer, with ethyl cyanoformate N-oxide gave supported isoxazoline derivatives. Release from the support under mild acidic conditions gave the isoxazoles ethyl 5-R(1)-isoxazole-3-carboxylates. Alternatively, further on-resin functionalization of the R(1) substituent using Suzuki coupling reactions and release from the support under acidic conditions gave more structurally diverse isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK.
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3
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Barrett AG, Doubleday WW, Gross T, Hamprecht D, Henschke JP, James RA, Kasdorf K, Ohkubo M, Procopiou PA, Tustin GJ, White AJ, Williams DJ. Total synthesis of antifungal natural products. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 2001:149-81. [PMID: 11077608 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04042-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Barrett
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College of Science Techology and Medicine, South Kensington, London, UK
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Barrett AG, Hamprecht D, James RA, Ohkubo M, Procopiou PA, Toledo MA, White AJ, Williams DJ. Synthesis and characterization of coronanes: multicyclopropane-fused macrocyclic arrays. J Org Chem 2001; 66:2187-96. [PMID: 11281755 DOI: 10.1021/jo001167d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stepwise macrocyclization of the all syn-trans-1,15-quinquecyclopropanedimethanol (4) with iso- and terephthaloyl chlorides and 4,4'-methanediyl-dibenzoic acid (28) gave the corresponding coronanes 22, 23, and 32. The same protocol was used with all syn-trans-1,21-septecyclopropanedimethanol (5) and 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid to obtain the macrolide 27. Direct macrocyclization of diol 4 and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbonyl chloride (33) and 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarbonyl chloride (35) gave the coronanes 34 and 36, respectively. Ring closing metathesis (RCM) of the diene 42 using Cl2(Cy3P)2Ru=CHPh (48) (Grubbs's catalyst) gave the macrocyclic lactone 45. The structures of coronanes 22, 23, 32, 34, 36, and 45 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies which showed the cyclopropyl chain to adopt very differing conformations throughout the series. Several of the macrocycles have significant free pathways through their ring centers, and in the case of compound 34 there is a water molecule hydrogen bonded within the ring. This latter compound has the potential to act as a chiral ligand to metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, UK.
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5
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Procopiou PA, Biggadike K, English AF, Farrell RM, Hagger GN, Hancock AP, Haase MV, Irving WR, Sareen M, Snowden MA, Solanke YE, Tralau-Stewart CJ, Walton SE, Wood JA. Novel glucocorticoid antedrugs possessing a 17beta-(gamma-lactone) ring. J Med Chem 2001; 44:602-12. [PMID: 11170650 DOI: 10.1021/jm001035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of 17beta-glucocorticoid butyrolactones possessing either a 16alpha,17alpha-isopropylidene or -butylidene group are described. The sulfur-linked gamma-lactone group was incorporated onto the 17beta-position of the androstane nucleus via Barton ester decarboxylation and trapping the generated 17-radical with butyrolactone disulfides. The glucocorticoid butyrolactones were hydrolyzed in human plasma by the enzyme paraoxonase to the respective hydroxy acids, which were very weak glucocorticoid agonists. The rate of hydrolysis in plasma was very rapid (t1/2 = 4-5 min) in the case of lactones possessing a sulfur atom in the alpha-position of the butyrolactone group, whereas carbon-linked lactones were stable in plasma. 16alpha,17alpha-Butylidenes were more potent glucocorticoid agonists than the corresponding isopropylidene derivatives. Similarly, 1,4-dien-3-ones were more potent than the corresponding 4-en-3-ones. The butyrolactones linked to the steroidal nucleus via the beta-position were more potent glucocorticoid agonists than those linked through the alpha-position of the lactone. The most potent compounds were also shown to be stable in human lung S9 fraction, showed much lower systemic effects than budesonide in the thymus involution test, and possessed topical antiinflammatory activity in the rat ear edema model.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Procopiou
- Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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Barrett AG, Cramp SM, Hennessy AJ, Procopiou PA, Roberts RS. Oxazole synthesis with minimal purification: synthesis and application of a ROMPgel Tosmic reagent. Org Lett 2001; 3:271-3. [PMID: 11430052 DOI: 10.1021/ol006912n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[figure: see text] The synthesis of ring opening metathesis, polymer-supported Tosmic reagent 1 is described. This reagent was utilized in the conversion of aldehydes to oxazoles in good yields and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom.
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7
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Barrett AG, Ahmed M, Baker SP, Baugh SP, Braddock DC, Procopiou PA, White AJ, Williams DJ. Tandem ireland-claisen rearrangement ring-closing alkene metathesis in the construction of bicyclic beta-lactam carboxylic esters. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3716-21. [PMID: 10864756 DOI: 10.1021/jo991932s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4-Alkenyl-2-azetidinone systems were converted to the corresponding ethyl 2-¿4-alkenyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinyl-4-pentenoates. In addition, 4-(2-propenyl-1-oxy)-, 4-(2-propenyl-1-thio)-, 4-¿N-(2-propenyl)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)- and (3S, 4R)-4-(2-propenyl)-3-¿(1R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl-++ +azeti din-2-one were converted into beta-lactam dienes via sequential N-alkylation, Ireland-Claisen ester enolate rearrangement and esterification. Ring-closing metathesis using the Schrock ¿(CF(3))(2)MeCO(2)Mo(=CHCMe(2)Ph)(=NC(6)H(3)-2,6-iso-Pr(2)) (1) or Grubbs Cl(2)(Cy(3)P)(2)Ru=CHPh (2) carbenes gave a series of ¿5.2.0 and ¿6.2.0 bicycles. Subsequent elaboration of the analogous (2R,7R, 8S)-tert-butyl 8-¿(1R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl-1-aza-9-oxobicyclo++ +¿5.2. 0non-4-ene-2-carboxylate (15), via selenation and desilylation, gave (+)-(2S,7R,8S)-tert-butyl 8-¿(1R)-hydroxyethyl-1-aza-9-oxobicyclo¿5.2.0nona-2, 4-diene-2-carboxylate (18), a novel type of bicyclic beta-lactam. Diels-Alder cycloaddition further afforded tetracyclic systems exemplified by tert-butyl (1R,4S,5R,7S)-4-¿(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl-3,9, 11-trioxo-10-phenyl-2,8,10,12-tetraazatetracyclo¿5.5.2.0.(2, 5)0(8, 12)tetradec-13-ene-1-carboxylate (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London, UK SW7 2AY
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8
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Biggadike K, Angell RM, Burgess CM, Farrell RM, Hancock AP, Harker AJ, Irving WR, Ioannou C, Procopiou PA, Shaw RE, Solanke YE, Singh OM, Snowden MA, Stubbs RJ, Walton S, Weston HE. Selective plasma hydrolysis of glucocorticoid gamma-lactones and cyclic carbonates by the enzyme paraoxonase: an ideal plasma inactivation mechanism. J Med Chem 2000; 43:19-21. [PMID: 10633034 DOI: 10.1021/jm990436t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Biggadike
- Medicinal Chemistry, Enzyme Pharmacology, Biomet Doscovery and Potein Science Units, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Hertsfordshire, UK.
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9
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Pass M, Abu-Rabie S, Baxter A, Conroy R, Coote SJ, Craven AP, Finch H, Hindley S, Kelly HA, Lowdon AW, McDonald E, Mitchell WL, Pegg NA, Procopiou PA, Ramsden NG, Thomas R, Walker DA, Watson NS, Jhoti H, Mooney CJ, Tang CM, Thomas PJ, Parry S, Patel C. Thrombin inhibitors based on [5,5] trans-fused indane lactams. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1657-62. [PMID: 10397495 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of trans-fused lactams containing the indane nucleus has been prepared. Compound 19 has much enhanced plasma stability compared with its lactone counterpart and shows appreciable in vitro anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pass
- Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom.
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10
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Procopiou PA, Cox B, Kirk BE, Lester MG, McCarthy AD, Sareen M, Sharratt PJ, Snowden MA, Spooner SJ, Watson NS, Widdowson J. The squalestatins: inhibitors of squalene synthase. Enzyme inhibitory activities and in vivo evaluation of C3-modified analogues. J Med Chem 1996; 39:1413-22. [PMID: 8691471 DOI: 10.1021/jm950893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Squalestatin analogues modified at C3 were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit rat liver microsomal squalene synthase in vitro. While the 4,6-dimethyloctenoate ester group at C6 was maintained, a number of modifications to the C3 carboxylic acid were well tolerated. However, in the absence of the C6 ester group, similar modifications to the C3 carboxyl group caused loss of activity. Selected compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in vivo in rats 1 and 6 h postadministration. Analogues of squalestatin 1 (S1) modified at C3 were found to possess a shorter duration of effect in vivo which is reflected in their substantially reduced ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in marmosets. Significant cholesterol lowering (up to 62%) for the C3 hydroxymethyl analogue 1b was observed only when this compound was dosed three times a day for 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Center, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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11
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Chan C, Andreotti D, Cox B, Dymock BW, Hutson JL, Keeling SE, McCarthy AD, Procopiou PA, Ross BC, Sareen M, Scicinski JJ, Sharratt PJ, Snowden MA, Watson NS. The squalestatins: decarboxy and 4-deoxy analogues as potent squalene synthase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1996; 39:207-16. [PMID: 8568810 DOI: 10.1021/jm9504969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Squalestatins without either the hydroxy group at C-4 or the carboxylic acid at C-3 or C-4 were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit rat liver microsomal squalene synthase (SQS) in vitro. These modifications were well tolerated for compounds with the 4,6-dimethyloctenoate ester at C-6 (S1 series). However in analogues without the C-6 ester (H1 series), removal of the C-4 hydroxy group gave compounds with reduced potency, whereas decarboxylation at C-3 resulted in a dramatic loss of SQS inhibitory activity. In comparison with S1 1, C-4 deoxyS1 3 and C-3 decarboxyS1 10 have shorter in vivo durations of action on the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis in rats. C-4 deoxyS1 3 retains good serum cholesterol-lowering ability in marmosets, while C-3 decarboxyS1 10 showed only a marginal effect even at high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chan
- Glaxo Wellcome Research & Development, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Herfordshire, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Watson
- Medicinal Chemistry 3 Department, Glaxo Wellcome Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, U.K
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13
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Kitchin J, Borthwick AD, Brodie AC, Cherry PC, Crame AJ, Pipe AJ, Procopiou PA, Seaman MA, Turnbull JP. Synthesis of benzodioxinopyrroles as selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1995; 3:1595-603. [PMID: 8770384 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(95)00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of tetrahydrobenzodioxinopyrroles has been identified as potent and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists. Convergent syntheses have been developed that allowed the preparation of analogues and their enantiomers. A compound of particular interest is the 5-fluoro substituted analogue (fluparoxan).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kitchin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Glaxo-Wellcome, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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14
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Bamford MJ, Chan C, Craven AP, Dymock BW, Green D, Henson RA, Kirk BE, Lester MG, Procopiou PA, Snowden MA. The squalestatins: synthesis and biological activity of some C3-modified analogues; replacement of a carboxylic acid or methyl ester with an isoelectronic heterocyclic functionality. J Med Chem 1995; 38:3502-13. [PMID: 7658437 DOI: 10.1021/jm00018a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of squalestatins modified at the C3-position with a heterocyclic functionality was prepared and evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of squalene synthase (SQS). Structure-activity relationships for compounds with the 4,6-dimethyloctenoate at C6(S1 analogues) were different from those for analogues lacking the C6 ester (H1 analogues), with a greater dependence on the nature of the C3-substituent for the H1 series. Potent SQS inhibitory activity equivalent to that of H1 is retained by a C3-(tetrazol-5-yl) analogue, i.e., a carboxylic acid mimetic. The C3-methyl ester derivative is 10-fold less active than H1, and SQS inhibitory activity similar to that of the methyl ester was retained only in those C3-heterocycle-substituted H1 analogues for which electrostatic potential maps of the C3-substituent were closely similar to that of a methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bamford
- Glaxo Research and Development Ltd., Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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Procopiou PA, Bailey EJ, Bamford MJ, Craven AP, Dymock BW, Houston JG, Hutson JL, Kirk BE, McCarthy AD, Sareen M. The squalestatins: novel inhibitors of squalene synthase. Enzyme inhibitory activities and in vivo evaluation of C1-modified analogues. J Med Chem 1994; 37:3274-81. [PMID: 7932554 DOI: 10.1021/jm00046a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Squalestatin analogues modified in the C1 side chain were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit rat liver microsomal and Candida squalene synthase (SQS) in vitro. While maintaining the 4,6-dimethyloctenoate or 4,6-dimethyloctanoate ester groups at C6, a number of modifications to the C1 side chain were well tolerated. However, in the absence of the C6 ester group, similar modifications to the C1 side chain caused substantial loss of activity. Compounds were also evaluated for their ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in vivo in rats and to reduce serum cholesterol levels in marmosets. These studies revealed that compounds with similar SQS inhibitory activities can possess different in vivo durations of action and lipid-lowering abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Procopiou
- Glaxo Research and Development Ltd., Greenford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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16
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Procopiou PA, Draper CD, Hutson JL, Inglis GG, Ross BC, Watson NS. Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 2. 3,5-Dihydroxy-7-(N-pyrrolyl)-6-heptenoates, a novel series of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1993; 36:3658-62. [PMID: 8246234 DOI: 10.1021/jm00075a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of 7-[2,3-diaryl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5- dihydroxy-6-heptenoates was prepared and evaluated for its ability to inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. Maintaining a 5-(1-methylethyl) substituent found to be optimal in related studies, structure-activity relationships were established for compounds modified at positions 2, 3, and 4 of the pyrrole ring. The 4-fluorophenyl group was preferred at the pyrrole 2-position, while incorporation of a range of substituted phenyl groups and pyridyl substituents at the 3-position provided compounds with equivalent enzyme inhibitory activities and widely different lipophilicities. Pentasubstituted pyrrole 3h was found to have a 10-fold greater potency than lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Procopiou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Glaxo Group Research Ltd., Greenford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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17
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Sidebottom PJ, Highcock RM, Lane SJ, Procopiou PA, Watson NS. The squalestatins, novel inhibitors of squalene synthase produced by a species of Phoma. II. Structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1992; 45:648-58. [PMID: 1624367 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.45.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three novel fungal metabolites 1-3 isolated from cultures of a Phoma sp. C2932, are potent and selective inhibitors of squalene synthase. Their structures have been determined by a combination of spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic and chemical methods; these natural products incorporate the highly functionalised bicyclic core, [1S-(1 alpha, 3 alpha, 4 beta, 5 alpha, 6 alpha, 7 beta]-4,6,7-trihydroxy- 2,8-dioxabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane-3,4,5-tricarboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Sidebottom
- Structural Chemistry Department, Glaxo Group Research Limited, Greenford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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