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Li M, Sala V, De Santis M, Cimino J, Cappello P, Pianca N, Martini M, Lazzarini E, Pirozzi F, Tocchetti C, Sandri M, Ameri P, Sciarretta S, Mongillo M, Zaglia T, Morello F, Novelli F, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. PI3Kγ inhibition protects from anthracycline-induced heart failure and reduces tumor growth. Vascul Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chattaragada MS, Riganti C, Sassoe M, Principe M, Santamorena MM, Roux C, Curcio C, Evangelista A, Allavena P, Salvia R, Rusev B, Scarpa A, Cappello P, Novelli F. FAM49B, a novel regulator of mitochondrial function and integrity that suppresses tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:697-709. [PMID: 29059164 PMCID: PMC5808099 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation plays a central role in cancers and drives reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent tumor progression. We investigated the pro-tumoral roles of mitochondrial dynamics and altered intracellular ROS levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We identified 'family with sequence similarity 49 member B' (FAM49B) as a mitochondria-localized protein that regulates mitochondrial fission and cancer progression. Silencing FAM49B in PDAC cells resulted in increased fission and mitochondrial ROS generation, which enhanced PDAC cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, FAM49B expression levels in PDAC cells were downregulated by the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the results of this study show that FAM49B acts as a suppressor of cancer cell proliferation and invasion in PDAC by regulating tumor mitochondrial redox reactions and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chattaragada
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Sassoe
- Department of Neurosciences, ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Principe
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M M Santamorena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Roux
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Evangelista
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - P Allavena
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - R Salvia
- Department of Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - B Rusev
- Department of Pathology and Public Health & ARC-NET Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Public Health & ARC-NET Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - P Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Celesti G, Di Caro G, Bianchi P, Grizzi F, Marchesi F, Basso G, Rahal D, Delconte G, Catalano M, Cappello P, Roncalli M, Zerbi A, Montorsi M, Novelli F, Mantovani A, Allavena P, Malesci A, Laghi L. Early expression of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2424-33. [PMID: 24084767 PMCID: PMC3817321 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 contributes to perineural invasion (PNI). We investigated whether CX3CR1 expression occurs early in PDAC and correlates with tumour features other than PNI. METHODS We studied CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 104 human PDAC and coexisting Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN), and in PdxCre/LSL-Kras(G12D) mouse model of PDAC. CX3CR1 expression in vitro was studied by a spheroid model, and in vivo by syngenic mouse graft of tumour cells. RESULTS In total, 56 (53.9%) PDAC expressed CX3CR1, 70 (67.3%) CX3CL1, and 45 (43.3%) both. CX3CR1 expression was independently associated with tumour glandular differentiation (P=0.005) and PNI (P=0.01). Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias were more frequently CX3CR1+ (80.3%, P<0.001) and CX3CL1+ (86.8%, P=0.002) than matched cancers. The survival of PDAC patients was better in those with CX3CR1+ tumour (P=0.05). Mouse PanINs were also CX3CR1(+) and -CL1(+). In vitro, cytokines significantly increased CX3CL1 but not CX3CR1 expression. Differently, CX3CR1 was upregulated in tumour spheroids, and in vivo only in well-differentiated tumours. CONCLUSION Tumour differentiation, rather than inflammatory signalling, modulates CX3CR1 expression in PanINs and PDAC. CX3CR1 expression pattern suggests its early involvement in PDAC progression, outlining a potential target for interfering with the PanIN transition to invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Celesti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Cappello P, Blaser H, Gorrini C, Lin DCC, Elia AJ, Wakeham A, Haider S, Boutros PC, Mason JM, Miller NA, Youngson B, Done SJ, Mak TW. Role of Nek2 on centrosome duplication and aneuploidy in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:2375-84. [PMID: 23708664 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common solid tumor and the second most common cause of death in women. Despite a large body of literature and progress in breast cancer research, many molecular aspects of this complex disease are still poorly understood, hindering the design of specific and effective therapeutic strategies. To identify the molecules important in breast cancer progression and metastasis, we tested the in vivo effects of inhibiting the functions of various kinases and genes involved in the regulation/modulation of the cytoskeleton by downregulating them in mouse PyMT mammary tumor cells and human breast cancer cell lines. These kinases and cytoskeletal regulators were selected based on their prognostic values for breast cancer patient survival. PyMT tumor cells, in which a selected gene was stably knocked down were injected into the tail veins of mice, and the formation of tumors in the lungs was monitored. One of the several genes found to be important for tumor growth in the lungs was NIMA-related kinases 2 (Nek2), a cell cycle-related protein kinase. Furthermore, Nek2 was also important for tumor growth in the mammary fat pad. In various human breast cancer cell lines, Nek2 knockdown induced aneuploidy and cell cycle arrest that led to cell death. Significantly, the breast cancer cell line most sensitive to Nek2 depletion was of the triple negative breast cancer subtype. Our data indicate that Nek2 has a pivotal role in breast cancer growth at primary and secondary sites, and thus may be an attractive and novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cappello
- 1] The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H Blaser
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Gorrini
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D C C Lin
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, TMDT East Tower, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Haider
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P C Boutros
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Mason
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, TMDT East Tower, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N A Miller
- 1] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Youngson
- 1] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S J Done
- 1] The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Iezzi M, Quaglino E, Cappello P, Toto V, Sabatini F, Curcio C, Garotta G, Musiani P, Cavallo F. HCG hastens both the development of mammary carcinoma and the metastatization of HCG/LH and ERBB-2 receptor-positive cells in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:621-30. [PMID: 21978694 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is more frequent in human nulliparae, whereas its incidence is reduced by early fullterm pregnancy. Rodent studies suggest that chorionic gonadotropin secretion during pregnancy affords protection by inducing breast structure differentiation. Opposite effects, however, have been observed in cancer prone transgenic mice overexpressing the β subunit of chorionic gonadotropin or pituitary luteinic hormone (LH). Here we assessed the effect of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 21 days (corresponding to the duration of a mouse pregnancy) in virgin female mice transgenic for the activated rat (r-) ERBB-2 oncogene (BALB-neuT). In these mice, the onset of atypical mammary duct hyperplasia and its progression towards multiple mammary carcinomas is accelerated by hCG. hCG enhances the in vitro proliferation and in vivo metastatization of tumor cells from a BALB-neuT mammary tumor expressing the hCG/LH as well as the ERBB-2 receptors. These findings suggest that hCG favours the growth and progression of hCG/LH and ERBB-2 receptor-positive breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Iezzi
- Aging Research Center, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
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Caorsi C, Cappello P, Ceruti P, Amici A, Marchini C, Novelli F, Forni G, Giovarelli M. CCL16 Enhances the CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Reactivity to Human Her-2 Elicited by Dendritic Cells Loaded with Rat Ortholog Her-2. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:867-77. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells from HLA A2+ healthy donors were co-cultured with autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded with apoptotic tumor cells expressing rat neu, and were induced to mature by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β (mDC neu) or by the CCL16 chemokine (CCL16/mDC neu). Priming by CCL16/mDC neu induces a larger population of T cells that express cytoplasmatic interferon (IFN)γ, TNFα, perforin and granzyme B compared to those primed by mDC neu. T cells primed by CCL16/mDC neu release IFNγ in response to human HER-2+ cells and kill human HER-2+ target cells more efficiently than those primed by mDC neu. Our results show that both the loading of DC with xenogeneic rat neu and their maturation by CCL16 are two issues of critical importance for the elicitation of an effective response to human HER-2 in T cells from normal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Caorsi
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - P. Cappello
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - P. Ceruti
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - A. Amici
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - C. Marchini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - F. Novelli
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - G. Forni
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - M. Giovarelli
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
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Gendre F, Capel R, Rossé R, Cappello P. Vers une métrique absolue dans les épreuves d'évaluation subjective. PRAT PSYCHOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Musso T, Cappello P, Stornello S, Ravarino D, Caorsi C, Otero K, Novelli F, Badolato R, Giovarelli M. IL-10 enhances CCL2 release and chemotaxis induced by CCL16 in human monocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 18:339-49. [PMID: 15888256 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL16 is a CC chemokine originally identified as a liver-expressed chemokine. Its expression has been detected in activated monocytes where it is up-regulated by stimulation with IL-10. This is in contrast with IL-10's inhibition of the expression of most chemokines. CCL16 is chemotactic for monocytes, lymphocyte and dendritic cells. We investigated whether CCL16 displays biological activities other than chemotaxis and whether IL-10 affects monocyte response to CCL16. We show that CCL16 induces the expression of CCL2 at the mRNA and protein level, but does not affect that of CCL5, CCL18 and proinflammatory cytokines. This effect was prevented by treatment with pertussis toxin and may thus be mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors. IL-10 markedly increased CCL2 production induced by CCL16, but suppressed that of CXCL8. It also enhanced the chemotactic response to CCL16. Addition of antibodies blocking CCR1, but not CCR8, prevented this enhanced chemotactic response and suggested that CCR1 is primarily involved. We propose that IL-10 modulates the effects of CCL16 on monocytes by increasing their CCR1-dependent response. The coordinated secretion of CCL16 and IL-10 may thus enhance monocyte infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Musso
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Italy
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Giovarelli M, Cappello P, Forni G, Salcedo T, Moore PA, LeFleur DW, Nardelli B, Di Carlo E, Lollini PL, Ruben S, Ullrich S, Garotta G, Musiani P. Tumor rejection and immune memory elicited by locally released LEC chemokine are associated with an impressive recruitment of APCs, lymphocytes, and granulocytes. J Immunol 2000; 164:3200-6. [PMID: 10706711 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.6.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human beta chemokine known as LEC (also called NCC-4, HCC-4, or LMC) displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and dendritic cells. The possibility that its local presence increases tumor immunogenicity is addressed in this paper. TSA parental cells (TSA-pc) are poorly immunogenic adenocarcinoma cells that grow progressively, kill both nu/nu and syngeneic BALB/c mice, and give rise to lung metastases. TSA cells engineered to release LEC (TSA-LEC) are still able to grow in nu/nu mice, but are promptly rejected and display a marginal metastatic phenotype in BALB/c mice. Rejection is associated with a marked T lymphocyte and granulocyte infiltration, along with extensive macrophage and dendritic cell recruitment. NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes are uninfluential in TSA-LEC cell rejection, whereas both CD8+ lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes play a major role. An antitumor immune memory is established very quickly after rejection, since 6 days later 75% of BALB/c mice were already resistant to a TSA-pc challenge. Spleen cells from rejecting mice display specific cytotoxic activity against TSA-pc and secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 when restimulated by TSA-pc. The ability of LEC to markedly improve recognition of poorly immunogenic cells by promoting APC-T cell cross-talk suggests that it could be an effective component of antitumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giovarelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy.
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Giovarelli M, Musiani P, Garotta G, Ebner R, Di Carlo E, Kim Y, Cappello P, Rigamonti L, Bernabei P, Novelli F, Modesti A, Coletti A, Ferrie AK, Lollini PL, Ruben S, Salcedo T, Forni G. A "stealth effect": adenocarcinoma cells engineered to express TRAIL elude tumor-specific and allogeneic T cell reactions. J Immunol 1999; 163:4886-93. [PMID: 10528190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BALB/c mammary adenocarcinoma cells engineered to express TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/APO-2 ligand (APO-2L) on their membrane (TSA-TRAIL) grow with kinetics similar to that of parental cells (TSA-pc) in vitro and in nu/nu mice. In contrast, TSA-TRAIL cells grow faster than TSA-pc in normal BALB/c mice. In DBA/2 mice, which differ from BALB/c mice at minor histocompatibility Ags, they also grow faster and display a higher percentage of tumor takes than TSA-pc. In fully histoincompatible C57BL/6 (B6) mice, TSA-TRAIL cells form evident tumors that are slowly rejected by most mice, but outgrow in a few. In contrast, TSA-pc cells are rejected at once by B6 mice. Since TRAIL/APO-2L induces apoptosis by interacting with a variety of specific receptors, this rapid growth in both syngeneic and allogeneic mice may be the result of an immunosuppressive mechanism. The following evidence supports this hypothesis: 1) TSA-TRAIL cells overcome the strong immunity against TSA-pc cells elicited in BALB/c mice by preimmunization with TSA cells engineered to release IL-4; 2) their rejection by B6 mice does not prime a CTL-mediated memory; 3) thymidine uptake by T lymphocytes unstimulated or stimulated by allogeneic cells is inhibited when TSA-TRAIL cells are added as third party cells; 4) CTL kill TSA-pc but not TSA-TRAIL cells in 48-h assays; and 5) activated lymphocytes interacting with TSA-TRAIL cells in vivo and in vitro undergo apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Protein Engineering
- Species Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giovarelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
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Voyron S, Giacobini P, Tarozzo G, Cappello P, Perroteau I, Fasolo A. Apoptosis in the development of the mouse olfactory epithelium. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1999; 115:49-55. [PMID: 10366702 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells were detected in the mouse olfactory epithelium (OE) at different embryonic and postnatal stages by in situ nick translation (ISNT) and Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) techniques. During development, the apoptotic process presented two peaks. One at E12 during the invagination of the olfactory placode and the second at E16 corresponding to olfactory axon synaptogenesis. Then, from E18, a sharp decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was observed and at E19 the apoptotic index reached low values that were maintained in postnatal stages, P1 and P8, and in the adult. Apoptotic nuclei belonged to mature as well as immature olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Indeed, double-labeling experiments evidenced apoptotic neurons immunopositive for olfactory marker protein (OMP), carnosine and GAP-43. According to our data, two apoptotic phases occur during early development. One is involved in the morphogenesis of the OE when this last is not yet, or poorly, connected to its target, the olfactory bulb (OB). The second peak of apoptosis is more closely dependent on the interplay between OE and OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Voyron
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Differential cell proliferation and apoptosis play a key role in organ morphogenesis. We have analyzed these two processes in the development of murine vomeronasal organ (VNO), an olfactory structure involved in the detection of pheromones. Using the TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) method we demonstrate that dying cells are relatively more abundant in non sensory vomeronasal organ (NS-VNO) rather than in sensory epithelium (S-VNO), particularly in early stages of development. During ontogeny cell proliferation, studied with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling, shows a broad pattern of localization, since proliferating cells are distributed throughout the VNO and not confined between NS-VNO and S-VNO. Quantification of BrdU-labelled cells indicates that proliferation is rather stable in both components.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cappello
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Italy
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13
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Abstract
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) subserves basic chemosensory functions in rodents, mainly related to sexual behaviour. In order to understand early stages of the VNO structural maturation, we have undertaken an immunocytochemical analysis of the VNO of fetal mice. Our results demonstrate that Olfactory Marker Protein (OMP), a marker of differentiated chemosensory cells, is already expressed in vomeronasal neurones and their fibres projecting to the accessory olfactory bulb during the last week of gestation. However, in contrast to the adult, where its expression is restricted to the medial sensory neuronal component of the VNO, during fetal development OMP is also present in cells located in the lateral non-sensory epithelial component. Some other markers of nasal chemosensory neurones, such as GAP-43/B-50, Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and carnosine are also transiently expressed in this ectopic site. These results indicate that (i) significant morphological and biochemical maturation of the VNO is achieved before birth; (ii) transient cell populations, sharing the biochemical profile of the vomeronasal chemosensory receptors, occur in ectopic areas during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tarozzo
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Italy
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14
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Sala A, Dore R, Raffaele L, Cappello P. [Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae: evaluation of 3 commercial systems]. Quad Sclavo Diagn 1985; 21:214-24. [PMID: 4080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have compared three rapid systems for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae: MS-2, Rapid 20E, Micro-ID. These methods allows to identifications of bacteria within 4-5 hours. We have chosen API 20E as reference system; because it is normally used in the clinical microbiology laboratories. We have noted good agreement of concordance for MS-2, Micro-ID and Rapid 20E towards API 20E, respectively 95, 90, 84%. We have, moreover, analysed significative difference about three systems biochemical tests in comparison with the same of API 20E.
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Sala A, Raffaele L, Cappello P. [Triangular comparison of the agar diffusion method, the ABAC system and the Sensitre system for determination of bacterial sensitivity to aminoglycoside chemoantibiotics]. Quad Sclavo Diagn 1981; 17:100-8. [PMID: 7313065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of sisomicin, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin, four similar aminoglycosides, has been determined against 135 bacterial strains of Gram-negative bacilli representing 4 genera of common pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections. Comparison between three methods of antibiotic susceptibility tests: agar diffusion by Kirby-Bauer, semi-automatic technique using ABAC apparatus (Intertechnique, Sclavo) dilution method (MIC), has shown a considerable percentage of agreement, in almost all cases. The highest percentages of agreement have been shown for sisomicin and tobramycin. The authors analyze the role of the new techniques representing an advance in routine work.
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