1
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Sabel R, Fronza AS, Carrenho LZB, Maes A, Barros ML, Pollo LAE, Biavatti MW, D'Herde K, Vandenabeele P, Kreuger MRO. Anti-inflammatory activity of the sesquiterpene lactone diacethylpiptocarphol in dextransulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 245:112186. [PMID: 31472273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sesquiterpene lactones are organic compounds derived mainly from plants that exhibit anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities being one of the key mechanism of action of NF-kB pathway and synthesis of cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF- α. AIM OF THE STUDY The overall objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of a sesquiterpene lactone diacethylpiptocarphol (DPC) from Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers. and parthenolide (PTH) in Balb-c mice with DSS-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of Intraperitonial administration of DPC (5 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in Balb/c mice with DSS-induced colitis, and further the body weight measurement, TNF-α and TGF-β level was determined. RESULTS After intraperitoneal treatment for one week, DSS-induced colitis was significantly reduced in mice treated with either of both sesquiterpenes lactones, as witnessed by reduced cellular infiltration, tissue damage, TNF-α production, and enhanced production of TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS Sesquiterpene lactone DPC, isolated from Vernonia scorpioides showed anti-inflammatory activity, in this experimental model of colitis the sesquiterpene lactones DPC and PTH exhibit equal anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sabel
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Brazil
| | | | | | - A Maes
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Brazil
| | | | - L A E Pollo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarin, Brazil
| | | | - K D'Herde
- Anatomy and Embryology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Methusalem Programm, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M R O Kreuger
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Brazil; Centro Universitário Avantis, Brazil
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2
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Tanghe G, Urwyler-Rösselet C, De Groote P, Devos M, Gilbert B, Lemeire K, Blanpain C, Vandenabeele P, Declercq W. 208 RIPK4 maintains epidermal homeostasis and prevents skin cancer by suppressing mitogenic signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Delehouzé C, Leverrier-Penna S, Le Cann F, Comte A, Jacquard-Fevai M, Delalande O, Desban N, Baratte B, Gallais I, Faurez F, Bonnet MC, Hauteville M, Goekjian PG, Thuillier R, Favreau F, Vandenabeele P, Hauet T, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Bach S. 6E11, a highly selective inhibitor of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1, protects cells against cold hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12931. [PMID: 29018243 PMCID: PMC5635128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that has been shown to be of central pathophysiological relevance in multiple disorders (hepatitis, brain and cardiac ischemia, pancreatitis, viral infection and inflammatory diseases). Necroptosis is driven by two serine threonine kinases, RIPK1 (Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1) and RIPK3, and a pseudo-kinase MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like) associated in a multi-protein complex called necrosome. In order to find new inhibitors for use in human therapy, a chemical library containing highly diverse chemical structures was screened using a cell-based assay. The compound 6E11, a natural product derivative, was characterized as a positive hit. Interestingly, this flavanone compound: inhibits necroptosis induced by death receptors ligands TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor) or TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand); is an extremely selective inhibitor, among kinases, of human RIPK1 enzymatic activity with a nM Kd; has a non-ATP competitive mode of action and a novel putative binding site; is weakly cytotoxic towards human primary blood leukocytes or retinal pigment epithelial cells at effective concentrations; protects human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) from cold hypoxia/reoxygenation injury more effectively than necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and Nec-1s. Altogether, these data demonstrate that 6E11 is a novel potent small molecular inhibitor of RIPK1-driven necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delehouzé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - S Leverrier-Penna
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - F Le Cann
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Comte
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, Chimiothèque, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Jacquard-Fevai
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - O Delalande
- CNRS UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - N Desban
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - B Baratte
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France
| | - I Gallais
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - F Faurez
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - M C Bonnet
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Division of Infection & Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - M Hauteville
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Synthèse Bioorganique, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P G Goekjian
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, Laboratoire Chimie Organique 2-Glycosciences, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Thuillier
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - F Favreau
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Hauet
- Inserm, U1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,IBiSA Plateforme 'MOPICT', Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unité expérimentale Génétique, expérimentations et systèmes innovants, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - M T Dimanche-Boitrel
- INSERM UMR 1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, F-35043, Rennes, France. .,Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France.
| | - S Bach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS USR3151, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France.
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4
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Lauwers D, Brondeel P, Moens L, Vandenabeele P. In situ Raman mapping of art objects. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0039. [PMID: 27799424 PMCID: PMC5095520 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has grown to be one of the techniques of interest for the investigation of art objects. The approach has several advantageous properties, and the non-destructive character of the technique allowed it to be used for in situ investigations. However, compared with laboratory approaches, it would be useful to take advantage of the small spectral footprint of the technique, and use Raman spectroscopy to study the spatial distribution of different compounds. In this work, an in situ Raman mapping system is developed to be able to relate chemical information with its spatial distribution. Challenges for the development are discussed, including the need for stable positioning and proper data treatment. To avoid focusing problems, nineteenth century porcelain cards are used to test the system. This work focuses mainly on the post-processing of the large dataset which consists of four steps: (i) importing the data into the software; (ii) visualization of the dataset; (iii) extraction of the variables; and (iv) creation of a Raman image. It is shown that despite the challenging task of the development of the full in situ Raman mapping system, the first steps are very promising.This article is part of the themed issue 'Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lauwers
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ph Brondeel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Moens
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Department of Archaeology, Archaeometry Research Group, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Tanghe G, Urwyler C, De Groote P, Leurs K, Gilbert B, De Rycke R, Vandenabeele P, Declercq W. 137 RIPK4 maintains epidermal barrier integrity by regulating tight junction protein levels. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Jeong M, Lee EW, Seong D, Seo J, Kim JH, Grootjans S, Kim SY, Vandenabeele P, Song J. USP8 suppresses death receptor-mediated apoptosis by enhancing FLIP L stability. Oncogene 2016; 36:458-470. [PMID: 27321185 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) is a critical regulator of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Here, we found ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) to be a novel deubiquitylase of the long isoform of FLIP (FLIPL). USP8 directly deubiquitylates and stabilizes FLIPL, but not the short isoform. USP8 depletion induces FLIPL destabilization, promoting anti-Fas-, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced extrinsic apoptosis by facilitating death-inducing signaling complex or TNFR1 complex II formation, which results in the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. USP8 mRNA levels are elevated in melanoma and cervical cancers, and the protein levels of USP8 and FLIPL are positively correlated in these cancer cell lines. Xenograft analyses using ME-180 cervical cancer cells showed that USP8 depletion attenuated tumor growth upon TRAIL injection. Taken together, our data indicate that USP8 functions as a novel deubiquitylase of FLIPL and inhibits extrinsic apoptosis by stabilizing FLIPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-W Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Grootjans
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - S-Y Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Lauwers D, Candeias A, Coccato A, Mirao J, Moens L, Vandenabeele P. Evaluation of portable Raman spectroscopy and handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis (hXRF) for the direct analysis of glyptics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 157:146-152. [PMID: 26761414 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In archaeometry, the advantages of a combined use of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are extensively discussed for applications such as the analysis of paintings, manuscripts, pottery, etc. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the advantage of using both techniques for analysing glyptics. These engraved gemstones or glass materials were originally used as stamps, to identify the owner, for instance on letters, but also on wine vessels. For this research, a set of 64 glyptics (42 Roman glass specimens and 22 modern ones), belonging to the collection of the museum 'Quinta das Cruzes' in Funchal (Madeira, Portugal), was analysed with portable Raman spectroscopy and handheld X-ray fluorescence (hXRF). These techniques were also used to confirm the gemological identification of these precious objects and can give extra information about the glass composition. Raman spectroscopy identifies the molecular composition as well as on the crystalline phases present. On the other hand, hXRF results show that the antique Roman glass samples are characterised with low Pb and Sn levels and that the modern specimens can be discriminated in two groups: lead-based and non-lead-based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lauwers
- Ghent University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, S-12, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - A Candeias
- University of Evora, Hercules Laboratory, Palacio do Vimioso, Largo Marques de Marialva, 8, P-7000-809, Evora, Portugal
| | - A Coccato
- Ghent University, Department of Archaeology, Archaeometry Research Group, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Mirao
- University of Evora, Hercules Laboratory, Palacio do Vimioso, Largo Marques de Marialva, 8, P-7000-809, Evora, Portugal
| | - L Moens
- Ghent University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, S-12, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Ghent University, Department of Archaeology, Archaeometry Research Group, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Boutaffala L, Bertrand MJM, Remouchamps C, Seleznik G, Reisinger F, Janas M, Bénézech C, Fernandes MT, Marchetti S, Mair F, Ganeff C, Hupalowska A, Ricci JE, Becher B, Piette J, Knolle P, Caamano J, Vandenabeele P, Heikenwalder M, Dejardin E. NIK promotes tissue destruction independently of the alternative NF-κB pathway through TNFR1/RIP1-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2020-33. [PMID: 26045047 PMCID: PMC4816116 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is well-known for its role in promoting p100/NF-κB2 processing into p52, a process defined as the alternative, or non-canonical, NF-κB pathway. Here we reveal an unexpected new role of NIK in TNFR1-mediated RIP1-dependent apoptosis, a consequence of TNFR1 activation observed in c-IAP1/2-depleted conditions. We show that NIK stabilization, obtained by activation of the non-death TNFRs Fn14 or LTβR, is required for TNFα-mediated apoptosis. These apoptotic stimuli trigger the depletion of c-IAP1/2, the phosphorylation of RIP1 and the RIP1 kinase-dependent assembly of the RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 complex. In the absence of NIK, the phosphorylation of RIP1 and the formation of RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 complex are compromised while c-IAP1/2 depletion is unaffected. In vitro kinase assays revealed that recombinant RIP1 is a bona fide substrate of NIK. In vivo, we demonstrated the requirement of NIK pro-death function, but not the processing of its substrate p100 into p52, in a mouse model of TNFR1/LTβR-induced thymus involution. In addition, we also highlight a role for NIK in hepatocyte apoptosis in a mouse model of virus-induced TNFR1/RIP1-dependent liver damage. We conclude that NIK not only contributes to lymphoid organogenesis, inflammation and cell survival but also to TNFR1/RIP1-dependent cell death independently of the alternative NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boutaffala
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M J M Bertrand
- The Inflammation Research Center IRC, VIB, DMBR, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Remouchamps
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Seleznik
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Janas
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Technische Universität München (TUM)/Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - C Bénézech
- School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M T Fernandes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Marchetti
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditéranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - F Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Ganeff
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Hupalowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J-E Ricci
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditéranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - B Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Piette
- Laboratory of Virology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Technische Universität München (TUM)/Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - J Caamano
- School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Vandenabeele
- The Inflammation Research Center IRC, VIB, DMBR, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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9
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Estornes Y, Aguileta MA, Dubuisson C, De Keyser J, Goossens V, Kersse K, Samali A, Vandenabeele P, Bertrand MJM. RIPK1 promotes death receptor-independent caspase-8-mediated apoptosis under unresolved ER stress conditions. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1798. [PMID: 26111060 PMCID: PMC4669845 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Saveljeva S, Mc Laughlin SL, Vandenabeele P, Samali A, Bertrand MJM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces ligand-independent TNFR1-mediated necroptosis in L929 cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1587. [PMID: 25569104 PMCID: PMC4669746 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cellular dysfunction and death is associated with several human diseases. It has been widely reported that ER stress kills through activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Here we demonstrate that ER stress can also induce necroptosis, an receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)/RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-dependent form of necrosis. Remarkably, we observed that necroptosis induced by various ER stressors in L929 cells is dependent on tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), but occurs independently of autocrine TNF or lymphotoxin α production. Moreover, we found that repression of either TNFR1, RIPK1 or MLKL did not protect the cells from death but instead allowed a switch to ER stress-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, while caspase inhibition was sufficient to protect TNFR1- or MLKL-deficient cells from death, rescue of the RIPK1-deficient cells additionally required RIPK3 depletion, indicating a switch back to RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in caspase-inhibited conditions. The finding that ER stress also induces necroptosis may open new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of pathologies resulting from unresolved ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saveljeva
- 1] Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland [2] School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - S L Mc Laughlin
- 1] Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland [2] School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - P Vandenabeele
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Gent 9052, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB/Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - A Samali
- 1] Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland [2] School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M J M Bertrand
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Gent 9052, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB/Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Gent 9052, Belgium
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11
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Andrews D, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Baehrecke EH, Bazan NG, Bertrand MJ, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bredesen DE, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, Di Daniele N, Dixit VM, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Fimia GM, Flavell RA, Fulda S, Garrido C, Gougeon ML, Green DR, Gronemeyer H, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Hengartner MO, Ichijo H, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lugli E, Madeo F, Malorni W, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Meier P, Melino S, Mizushima N, Moll U, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Panaretakis T, Penninger JM, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JH, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Ravichandran KS, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CM, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Shi Y, Simon HU, Stockwell BR, Szabadkai G, Tait SW, Tang HL, Tavernarakis N, Tsujimoto Y, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Villunger A, Wagner EF, Walczak H, White E, Wood WG, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:58-73. [PMID: 25236395 PMCID: PMC4262782 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death' (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death' (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J M Bravo-San Pedro
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata - Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M J Bertrand
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Bianchi
- 1] Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, London, UK [2] Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Blomgren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D E Bredesen
- 1] Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA [2] Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS769, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [3] Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Orsay, France
| | - M Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cecconi
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy [2] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [3] Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F K Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - J E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - A Ciechanover
- Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - T M Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - K-M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - N Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G M Fimia
- 1] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM, U866, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - M-L Gougeon
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - G Hajnoczky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M Hardwick
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Joseph
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P J Jost
- Medical Department for Hematology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [3] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - D J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A Knight
- 1] Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - S Kumar
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia [2] School of Medicine and School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B Levine
- 1] Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - A Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S A Lipton
- 1] The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford-Burnham Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA [4] University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R A Lockshin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - C López-Otín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medecine, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- 1] Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Roma, Italy [2] San Raffaele Institute, Sulmona, Italy
| | - J-C Marine
- 1] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium [2] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S J Martin
- Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J-C Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experiments Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Meier
- Institute of Cancer Research, The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - S Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N Mizushima
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Nuñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Panaretakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - M E Peter
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- 1] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J H Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Rizzuto
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y Shi
- Soochow Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B R Stockwell
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA [2] Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - S W Tait
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK [2] Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H L Tang
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Tavernarakis
- 1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Y Tsujimoto
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Vanden Berghe
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium [3] Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E F Wagner
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - W G Wood
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA [2] Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zakeri
- 1] Department of Biology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA [2] Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- 1] Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Melino
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [4] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [5] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Berghe TV, Demon D, Bogaert P, Vandendriessche B, Goethals A, Depuydt B, Vuylsteke M, Roelandt R, Van Wonterghem E, Vandenbroecke J, Choi SM, Meyer E, Krautwald S, Declercq W, Takahashi N, Cauwels A, Vandenabeele P. Simultaneous targeting of interleukin-1 and interleukin-18 is required for protection against inflammatory and septic shock. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4273742 DOI: 10.1186/cc14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Remijsen Q, Goossens V, Grootjans S, Van den Haute C, Vanlangenakker N, Dondelinger Y, Roelandt R, Bruggeman I, Goncalves A, Bertrand MJM, Baekelandt V, Takahashi N, Berghe TV, Vandenabeele P. Depletion of RIPK3 or MLKL blocks TNF-driven necroptosis and switches towards a delayed RIPK1 kinase-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1004. [PMID: 24434512 PMCID: PMC4040672 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In human cells, the RIPK1–RIPK3–MLKL–PGAM5–Drp1 axis drives tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necroptosis through mitochondrial fission, but whether this pathway is conserved among mammals is not known. To answer this question, we analyzed the presence and functionality of the reported necroptotic axis in mice. As in humans, knockdown of receptor-interacting kinase-3 (RIPK3) or mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) blocks TNF-induced necroptosis in L929 fibrosarcoma cells. However, repression of either of these proteins did not protect the cells from death, but instead induced a switch from TNF-induced necroptosis to receptor-interacting kinase-1 (RIPK1) kinase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, although mitochondrial fission also occurs during TNF-induced necroptosis in L929 cells, we found that knockdown of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and dynamin 1 like protein (Drp1) did not markedly protect the cells from TNF-induced necroptosis. Depletion of Pink1, a reported interactor of both PGAM5 and Drp1, did not affect TNF-induced necroptosis. These results indicate that in these murine cells mitochondrial fission and Pink1 dependent processes, including Pink-Parkin dependent mitophagy, apparently do not promote necroptosis. Our data demonstrate that the core components of the necrosome (RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL) are crucial to induce TNF-dependent necroptosis both in human and in mouse cells, but the associated mechanisms may differ between the two species or cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Remijsen
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Goossens
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Grootjans
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Van den Haute
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Vanlangenakker
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Y Dondelinger
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Roelandt
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Bruggeman
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Goncalves
- Microscopy Core Facility, Inflammation Research Center, VIB/Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M J M Bertrand
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Baekelandt
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Takahashi
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T V Berghe
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- 1] Inflammation Research Center, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vandenabeele P, Edwards HGM, Jehlička J. The role of mobile instrumentation in novel applications of Raman spectroscopy: archaeometry, geosciences, and forensics. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2628-49. [PMID: 24382454 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of analytical Raman spectroscopy in the characterisation of materials associated with archaeologically excavated artefacts, forensic investigations of drugs of abuse, security and crime scenes, minerals and rocks and future astrobiological space missions are now well established; however, these applications have emphasised the need for new developments in the area of miniaturised instrumentation which extends the concept and breadth of the analytical requirement to facilitate the provision of data from 'in field' studies. In this respect, the apparently unrelated themes of art and archaeology, forensic science, geological science and astrobiology as covered by this review are unified broadly by the ability to record data nondestructively and without resorting to sampling and the subsequent transfer of samples to the analytical laboratory. In studies of works of art there has long been a requirement for on-site analysis, especially for valuable paintings held under strict museum security and for wall paintings which cannot physically be removed from their setting; similarly, the use of portable Raman spectroscopy in archaeological and geological field work as a first-pass screening device which obviates the necessity of multiple and wasteful specimen collection is high on the wish-list of practicing spectroscopists. As a first-pass screening probe for forensic crime scenes, Raman spectroscopy has proved to be of inestimable value for the early detection of dangerous and prohibited materials such as drugs of abuse, explosives and their chemical precursors, and banned contraband biomaterials such as ivories and animal products; in these applications the advantage of the Raman spectroscopic technique for the recognition of spectral signatures from mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds is paramount and not afforded by other less portable instrumental techniques. Finally, in astrobiological work, these requirements also apply but with the additional prerequisite for system operation remotely - often over distances of several hundred million kilometres - as part of instrumental suites on robotic spacecraft and planetary landers; this necessitates robust and reliable instrumentation for the observation of unique and characteristic spectral features from the planetary geological surface and subsurface which are dependent on the assignment of both biological and geological band signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vandenabeele
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Defeyt C, Van Pevenage J, Moens L, Strivay D, Vandenabeele P. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and chemometrical analysis for the distinction of copper phthalocyanine polymorphs in paint layers. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:636-640. [PMID: 23876927 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In art analysis, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is often identified as an important pigment (PB15) in 20th century artworks. Raman spectroscopy is a very valuable technique for the detection of this pigment in paint systems. However, PB15 is used in different polymorphic forms and identification of the polymorph could retrieve information on the production process of the pigment at the moment. Raman spectroscopy, being a molecular spectroscopic method of analysis, is able to discriminate between polymorphs of crystals. However, in the case of PB15, spectral interpretation is not straightforward, and Raman data treatment requires some improvements concerning the PB15 polymorphic discrimination in paints. Here, Raman spectroscopy is combined with chemometrical analysis in order to develop a procedure allowing us to identify the PB15 crystalline structure in painted layers and in artworks. The results obtained by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), using intensity ratios as variables, demonstrate the ability of this procedure to predict the crystalline structure of a PB15 pigment in unknown paint samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Defeyt
- Centre Européen d'Archéometrie and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Atomique et de Spectroscopie, Universié de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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16
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Dondelinger Y, Aguileta MA, Goossens V, Dubuisson C, Grootjans S, Dejardin E, Vandenabeele P, Bertrand MJM. RIPK3 contributes to TNFR1-mediated RIPK1 kinase-dependent apoptosis in conditions of cIAP1/2 depletion or TAK1 kinase inhibition. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1381-92. [PMID: 23892367 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and RIPK3 have emerged as essential kinases mediating a regulated form of necrosis, known as necroptosis, that can be induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. As a consequence, inhibiting RIPK1 kinase activity and repressing RIPK3 expression levels have become commonly used approaches to estimate the contribution of necroptosis to specific phenotypes. Here, we report that RIPK1 kinase activity and RIPK3 also contribute to TNF-induced apoptosis in conditions of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 and 2 (cIAP1/2) depletion or TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) kinase inhibition, implying that inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity or depletion of RIPK3 under cell death conditions is not always a prerequisite to conclude on the involvement of necroptosis. Moreover, we found that, contrary to cIAP1/2 depletion, TAK1 kinase inhibition induces assembly of the cytosolic RIPK1/Fas-associated protein with death domain/caspase-8 apoptotic TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) complex IIb without affecting the RIPK1 ubiquitylation status at the level of TNFR1 complex I. These results indicate that the recruitment of TAK1 to the ubiquitin (Ub) chains, and not the Ub chains per se, regulates the contribution of RIPK1 to the apoptotic death trigger. In line with this, we found that cylindromatosis repression only provided protection to TNF-mediated RIPK1-dependent apoptosis in condition of reduced RIPK1 ubiquitylation obtained by cIAP1/2 depletion but not upon TAK1 kinase inhibition, again arguing for a role of TAK1 in preventing RIPK1-dependent apoptosis downstream of RIPK1 ubiquitylation. Importantly, we found that this function of TAK1 was independent of its known role in canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Our study therefore reports a new function of TAK1 in regulating an early NF-κB-independent cell death checkpoint in the TNFR1 apoptotic pathway. In both TNF-induced RIPK1 kinase-dependent apoptotic models, we found that RIPK3 contributes to full caspase-8 activation independently of its kinase activity or intact RHIM domain. In contrast, RIPK3 participates in caspase-8 activation by acting downstream of the cytosolic death complex assembly, possibly via reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dondelinger
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Abstract
A new concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has recently been proposed. The immunogenic characteristics of this cell death mode are mediated mainly by molecules called 'damage-associated molecular patterns' (DAMPs), most of which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors. Some DAMPs are actively emitted by cells undergoing ICD (e.g. calreticulin (CRT) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)), whereas others are emitted passively (e.g. high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)). Recent studies have demonstrated that these DAMPs play a beneficial role in anti-cancer therapy by interacting with the immune system. The molecular pathways involved in translocation of CRT to the cell surface and secretion of ATP from tumor cells undergoing ICD are being elucidated. However, it has also been shown that the same DAMPs could contribute to progression of cancer and promote resistance to anticancer treatments. In this review, we will critically evaluate the beneficial and detrimental roles of DAMPs in cancer therapy, focusing mainly on CRT, ATP and HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Krysko
- The Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, UZ Gent, MRB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Løve Aaes
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Bachert
- The Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, UZ Gent, MRB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D V Krysko
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Krysko O, Maes T, Plantinga M, Holtappels G, Imiru R, Vandenabeele P, Joos G, Krysko DV, Bachert C. The adjuvant-like activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in a murine asthma model is independent of IL-1R signaling. Allergy 2013; 68:446-53. [PMID: 23347053 DOI: 10.1111/all.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a superantigen known to be a modulator of chronic airway inflammation in mice and humans, yet little is known about the mechanisms that regulate its interaction with the innate immune system. We investigated this mechanism in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation induced by OVA (ovalbumin) in the presence of SEB. METHODS Superantigen-induced allergic inflammation was studied in IL-1R knockout (KO) mice exposed to OVA+SEB. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to analyze the inflammatory cell profile in airways and lymph nodes. Production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in lymph nodes was assessed by Luminex technology. RESULTS In wild-type mice, endonasal instillation of OVA+SEB induced a pulmonary inflammation, characterized by an increase in the number of eosinophils, T cells, and dendritic cells and in the production of Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE. In IL-1R KO mice exposed to OVA+SEB, attraction of CD4+ cells and production of Th2 cytokines were reduced. However, knocking out IL-1R did not affect any of the features of allergic airway inflammation, such as bronchial eosinophilia, OVA-specific IgE production and goblet cell metaplasia. CONCLUSION We provide new insights into the mechanisms of airways allergy development in the presence of bacterial superantigen. The asthma features induced by OVA+SEB, such as bronchial eosinophilia, goblet cell proliferation, production of OVA-specific IgE and increase in inflammatory dendritic cells, are IL-1R independent. Yet, IL-1R signaling is crucial for CD4 cell accumulation and Th2 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Krysko
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | - T. Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent; Belgium
| | - M. Plantinga
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology; Department of Respiratory Diseases; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent; Belgium
| | - G. Holtappels
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | - R. Imiru
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | | | - G. Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent; Belgium
| | | | - C. Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
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19
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Vandenabeele P, Grootjans S, Callewaert N, Takahashi N. Necrostatin-1 blocks both RIPK1 and IDO: consequences for the study of cell death in experimental disease models. Cell Death Differ 2012. [PMID: 23197293 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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20
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Schutters K, Kusters DHM, Chatrou MLL, Montero-Melendez T, Donners M, Deckers NM, Krysko DV, Vandenabeele P, Perretti M, Schurgers LJ, Reutelingsperger CPM. Cell surface-expressed phosphatidylserine as therapeutic target to enhance phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:49-56. [PMID: 22955945 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired efferocytosis has been shown to be associated with, and even to contribute to progression of, chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Enhancing efferocytosis has been proposed as strategy to treat diseases involving inflammation. Here we present the strategy to increase 'eat me' signals on the surface of apoptotic cells by targeting cell surface-expressed phosphatidylserine (PS) with a variant of annexin A5 (Arg-Gly-Asp-annexin A5, RGD-anxA5) that has gained the function to interact with α(v)β(3) receptors of the phagocyte. We describe design and characterization of RGD-anxA5 and show that introduction of RGD transforms anxA5 from an inhibitor into a stimulator of efferocytosis. RGD-anxA5 enhances engulfment of apoptotic cells by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) cells in vitro and resident peritoneal mouse macrophages in vivo. In addition, RGD-anxA5 augments secretion of interleukin-10 during efferocytosis in vivo, thereby possibly adding to an anti-inflammatory environment. We conclude that targeting cell surface-expressed PS is an attractive strategy for treatment of inflammatory diseases and that the rationally designed RGD-anxA5 is a promising therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schutters
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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21
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Jouan-Lanhouet S, Arshad MI, Piquet-Pellorce C, Martin-Chouly C, Le Moigne-Muller G, Van Herreweghe F, Takahashi N, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Vandenabeele P, Samson M, Dimanche-Boitrel MT. TRAIL induces necroptosis involving RIPK1/RIPK3-dependent PARP-1 activation. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:2003-14. [PMID: 22814620 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a well-known apoptosis inducer, we have previously demonstrated that acidic extracellular pH (pHe) switches TRAIL-induced apoptosis to regulated necrosis (or necroptosis) in human HT29 colon and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of RIPK1 (receptor interacting protein kinase 1), RIPK3 and PARP-1 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1) in TRAIL-induced necroptosis in vitro and in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced murine hepatitis. Pretreatment of HT29 or HepG2 with pharmacological inhibitors of RIPK1 or PARP-1 (Nec-1 or PJ-34, respectively), or transient transfection with siRNAs against RIPK1 or RIPK3, inhibited both TRAIL-induced necroptosis and PARP-1-dependent intracellular ATP depletion demonstrating that RIPK1 and RIPK3 were involved upstream of PARP-1 activation and ATP depletion. In the mouse model of Con A-induced hepatitis, where death of mouse hepatocytes is dependent on TRAIL and NKT (Natural Killer T) cells, PARP-1 activity was positively correlated with liver injury and hepatitis was prevented both by Nec-1 or PJ-34. These data provide new insights into TRAIL-induced necroptosis with PARP-1 being active effector downstream of RIPK1/RIPK3 initiators and suggest that pharmacological inhibitors of RIPKs and PARP-1 could be new treatment options for immune-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jouan-Lanhouet
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France
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22
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Loeder S, Schirmer M, Schoeneberger H, Cristofanon S, Leibacher J, Vanlangenakker N, Bertrand MJM, Vandenabeele P, Jeremias I, Debatin KM, Fulda S. Erratum: RIP1 is required for IAP inhibitor-mediated sensitization of childhood acute leukemia cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Leukemia 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Jehlička J, Vandenabeele P, Edwards HGM. Discrimination of zeolites and beryllium containing silicates using portable Raman spectroscometric equipment with near-infrared excitation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 86:341-346. [PMID: 22099060 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper Raman spectra were obtained for a series of zeolites (thomsonite, stilbite, natrolite) and beryllium containing silicates (beryl, chrysoberyl, euclase, phenacite, bavenite, milarite) using a portable Raman specrometer with a 785 nm laser excitation to show the possibility to apply this setting for unambiguous detection and discrimination of these silicate minerals. Obtained spectra contain the most intense Raman bands at the same positions ±2-4 cm(-1) as reported in the literature. The use of these bands permits the unambiguous identification of these phases. Data show the possibility to discriminate individual species of similar whitish color and aspect. Measurements showed an excellent correspondence of Raman bands obtained using the portable system and a laboratory Raman microspectrometer (with the same excitation laser wavelenght). However, for several minerals of these groups (chrysoberyl, bertrandite, chiavennite) Raman spectra were not of sufficient quality to permit unambiguous identification. The reasons are discussed. Raman spectrum of chiavennite CaMnBe(2)Si(5)O(13)(OH)(2)·2(H(2)O) - a transformation product occurring together with bavenite on the surface of beryl crystals was obtained for the first time using the laboratory Raman spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jehlička
- Charles University in Prague, Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, El-Deiry WS, Fulda S, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Hengartner MO, Kepp O, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Lu X, Madeo F, Malorni W, Mehlen P, Nuñez G, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Rubinsztein DC, Shi Y, Simon HU, Vandenabeele P, White E, Yuan J, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:107-20. [PMID: 21760595 PMCID: PMC3252826 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1803] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including 'apoptosis', 'necrosis' and 'mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both in vitro and in vivo settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - I Vitale
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - T M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 17033, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - R A Knight
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S A Lipton
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Univerisity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, 67039 Sulmona, Italy
| | - P Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1052, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - G Nuñez
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M E Peter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani', 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Y Shi
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - E White
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Melino
- Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75005 Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75908 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, 75270 Paris, France
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25
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Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P. Many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:75-86. [PMID: 22075985 PMCID: PMC3252835 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lab of Jürg Tschopp was the first to report on the crucial role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in caspase-independent cell death. Because of this pioneer finding, regulated necrosis and in particular RIPK1/RIPK3 kinase-mediated necrosis, referred to as necroptosis, has become an intensively studied form of regulated cell death. Although necrosis was identified initially as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is blocked, it is now recognized as a cellular defense mechanism against viral infections and as being critically involved in ischemia-reperfusion damage. The observation that RIPK3 ablation rescues embryonic lethality in mice deficient in caspase-8 or Fas-associated-protein-via-a-death-domain demonstrates the crucial role of this apoptotic platform in the negative control of necroptosis during development. Here, we review and discuss commonalities and differences of the increasing list of inducers of regulated necrosis ranging from cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, to several forms of physicochemical cellular stress. Since the discovery of the crucial role of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in necroptosis, these kinases have become potential therapeutic targets. The availability of new pharmacological inhibitors and transgenic models will allow us to further document the important role of this form of cell death in degenerative, inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vanlangenakker
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Vanden Berghe
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Löder S, Fakler M, Schoeneberger H, Cristofanon S, Leibacher J, Vanlangenakker N, Bertrand MJM, Vandenabeele P, Jeremias I, Debatin KM, Fulda S. RIP1 is required for IAP inhibitor-mediated sensitization of childhood acute leukemia cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Leukemia 2011; 26:1020-9. [PMID: 22173242 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis may contribute to poor treatment response in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), calling for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report that inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) at subtoxic concentrations cooperate with various anticancer drugs (that is, AraC, Gemcitabine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Vincristine and Taxol) to induce apoptosis in ALL cells in a synergistic manner as calculated by combination index and to reduce long-term clonogenic survival. Importantly, we identify RIP1 as a critical regulator of this synergism of IAP inhibitors and AraC that mediates the formation of a RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 complex via an autocrine/paracrine loop of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Knockdown of RIP1 abolishes formation of this complex and subsequent activation of caspase-8 and -3, mitochondrial perturbations and apoptosis. Similarly, inhibition of RIP1 kinase activity by Necrostatin-1 or blockage of TNFα by Enbrel inhibits IAP inhibitor- and AraC-triggered interaction of RIP1, FADD and caspase-8 and apoptosis. In contrast to malignant cells, IAP inhibitors and AraC at equimolar concentrations are non-toxic to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells. Thus, our findings provide first evidence that IAP inhibitors present a promising strategy to prime childhood ALL cells for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in a RIP1-dependent manner. These data have important implications for developing apoptosis-targeted therapies in childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Löder
- University Children's Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Deneckere A, Leeflang M, Bloem M, Chavannes-Mazel CA, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Vandenabeele P, Moens L. The use of mobile Raman spectroscopy to compare three full-page miniatures from the Breviary of Arnold of Egmond. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 83:194-199. [PMID: 21943711 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Breviary of Arnold of Egmond is one of the most wealthily illuminated fifteenth century manuscripts in the Northern Netherlands. The manuscript originally contained a number of full-page miniatures, which were all removed at an unknown date before 1902. The three remaining miniatures studied here, are today part of different collections, but they were brought together for an exhibition. Although several historical and art historical details of this breviary have extensively been studied, no examination of the materials used was undertaken before. Analytical techniques, such as mobile Raman spectroscopy, can be used to characterise and identify these materials in a non-invasive way. This paper presents the results of the in situ Raman analysis of three full-page miniatures of the Breviary of Arnold of Egmond. During this study, different pigments could be identified, such as lead white (2PbCO(3)·Pb(OH)(2)), lead-tin yellow type I (Pb(2)SnO(4)), ultramarine (Na(8-10)Al(6)Si(6)O(24)S(2-4)), massicot (PbO), vermilion (HgS) and red lead (Pb(3)O(4)). Next to identification of the pigments, visual analysis was used to detect differences and similarities between the stylistic elements of the three analysed folios.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deneckere
- Ghent University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium.
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Culka A, Jehlička J, Vandenabeele P, Edwards HGM. The detection of biomarkers in evaporite matrices using a portable Raman instrument under Alpine conditions. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 80:8-13. [PMID: 21237702 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection of relatively low concentrations of the biomarkers in experimentally prepared evaporitic matrices using a portable Raman instrument (Ahura First Defender XL equipped with a 785 nm diode laser and fixed frontal probe) under Alpine conditions was tested. The instrument was able to detect nucleobases thymine (1673 and 984 cm(-1)) and adenine (722 and 536 cm(-1)) at concentrations of 1 wt% in the gypsum matrix outdoors at a low ambient temperature of -10°C and at an altitude of 2860 m(Pitztal, Austria). Amino acids glycine (1324 and 892 cm(-1)) and alanine (1357 and 851 cm(-1)) were unambiguously detected at 10 wt%. The main Raman features: strong, medium and partially weak intensity bands were observed in good agreement with the reference spectra for individual compounds (with a spectral resolution 7-10 cm(-1)) in the wavenumber range 200-1800 cm(-1). In the qualitative part of the experiment it was established that the portable instrument is able to detect the components in the mixture of three biomarkers (glycine, alanine and mellitic acid) and two evaporitic minerals unambiguously. It also detected the majority of the six similar amino acids in the mixture with gypsum and epsomite evaporitic minerals. The results obtained here demonstrate the possibility of a miniaturised Raman spectrometer to be able to cope with the various exobiologically related tasks that can be expected in the future planetary surface exploration missions. Within the payload designed by ESA and NASA for future missions, Raman spectroscopy will represent a unique research instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Culka
- Charles University in Prague, Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Prague, Czech Republic.
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29
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Deneckere A, De Reu M, Martens MPJ, De Coene K, Vekemans B, Vincze L, De Maeyer P, Vandenabeele P, Moens L. The use of a multi-method approach to identify the pigments in the 12th century manuscript Liber Floridus. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 80:125-132. [PMID: 21530370 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A selection of illuminations of the 12th century manuscript Liber Floridus was analysed with Raman spectroscopy (in situ and laboratory measurements), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-fluorescence photography and infrared reflectography (IRR). The aim of this study is to determine the pigments used, in order to search for anachronisms. Using a combination of Raman spectroscopy (molecular information) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (elemental information) following pigments could be identified: ultramarine (Na(8-10)Al(6)Si(6)O(24)S(2-4)), azurite (2CuCO(3)·Cu(OH)(2)), caput mortuum (Fe(2)O(3)), vermilion (HgS), orpiment (As(2)S(3)) and lead white (2PbCO(3)·Pb(OH)(2)). Moreover, two synthetic red pigments, PR4 and PR176, and a degradation product, gypsum (CaSO(4)·2H(2)O), were present in the manuscript. To establish the origin of the modern materials UV-fluorescence photography was used. Infrared reflectography (IRR) was applied to visualise the underdrawing of the investigated folios.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deneckere
- Ghent University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Kroemer G, Martinon F, Lippens S, Green DR, Knight R, Vandenabeele P, Piacentini M, Nagata S, Borner C, Simon HU, Krammer P, Melino G. Jürg Tschopp—1951–2011—an immortal contribution. Cell Death Differ 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- W Declercq
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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Vandenabeele P, von Bohlen A, Moens L, Klockenkämper R, Joukes F, Dewispelaere G. Spectroscopic Examination of Two Egyptian Masks: A Combined Method Approach. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2000.10399503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Pauwels NS, Bracke KR, Dupont LL, Van Pottelberge GR, Provoost S, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Lambrecht BN, Joos GF, Brusselle GG. Role of IL-1α and the Nlrp3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation and COPD. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:1019-28. [PMID: 21622588 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00158110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS), the primary risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leads to pulmonary inflammation through interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)I signalling, as determined using COPD mouse models. It is unclear whether interleukin (IL)-1α or IL-1β, activated by the Nlrp3/caspase-1 axis, is the predominant ligand for IL-1RI in CS-induced responses. We exposed wild-type mice (treated with anti-IL-1α or anti-IL-1β antibodies), and IL-1RI knockout (KO), Nlrp3 KO and caspase-1 KO mice to CS for 3 days or 4 weeks and evaluated pulmonary inflammation. Additionally, we measured the levels of IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA (in total lung tissue by RT-PCR) and protein (in induced sputum by ELISA) of never-smokers, smokers without COPD and patients with COPD. In CS-exposed mice, pulmonary inflammation was dependent on IL-1RI and could be significantly attenuated by neutralising IL-1α or IL-1β. Interestingly, CS-induced inflammation occurred independently of IL-1β activation by the Nlrp3/caspase-1 axis. In human subjects, IL-1α and IL-1β were significantly increased in total lung tissue and induced sputum of patients with COPD, respectively, compared with never-smokers. These results suggest that not only IL-1β but also IL-1α should be considered as an important mediator in CS-induced inflammation and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Pauwels
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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34
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Krysko O, Holtappels G, Zhang N, Kubica M, Deswarte K, Derycke L, Claeys S, Hammad H, Brusselle GG, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV, Bachert C. Alternatively activated macrophages and impaired phagocytosis of S. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2011; 66:396-403. [PMID: 20973804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by biased Th2 inflammation and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) by a Th1 immune response. Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is increased in CRSwNP. We aimed to determine macrophage phenotypes in nasal mucosa of CRSwNP and CRSsNP and to examine phagocytosis of S. aureus in these pathologies. METHODS Macrophage phenotyping was performed by immunohistochemical staining on nasal mucosa sections from 28 patients; in addition flow cytometry analysis was performed. Tissue homogenate protein levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and total IgE were analyzed and correlated with macrophage subtypes. Phagocytosis of S. aureus was analyzed by flow cytometry. Survival of S. aureus in Thp1 cells in the presence of polarizing cytokines was studied in vitro. RESULTS By immunohistochemical analysis more M2 macrophages were present in CRSwNP than in CRSsNP. This also was positively correlated with increased levels of IL-5, ECP and locally produced IgE and decreased levels of IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ. FACS analysis of dissociated nasal tissue confirmed the presence of increased numbers of M2 macrophages (CD206(+) HLADR(+) CD14(+) CD11c(+) CD20(-) ) in CRSwNP as compared to controls, while the number of M1 macrophages (CD206(-) HLADR(+) CD14(+) CD11c(int) CD16(-) CD20(-) ) was not different. Phagocytosis of S. aureus by human tissue derived macrophages was reduced in CRSwNP as compared to macrophages from the control inferior turbinates. CONCLUSIONS Decreased phagocytosis of S. aureus and an M2 activation phenotype in CRSwNP could potentially contribute to persistence of chronic inflammation in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Krysko
- The Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Vandenabeele P, Maex K, De Keersmaecker R. Impact of Patterned Layers on Temperature Non-Uniformity during Rapid Thermal Processing for VLSI-Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-146-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe influence of patterned oxide layers on temperature non-uniformity during RTP is studied. It is shown that large temperature non-uniformities (up to 80 °C) can occur during RTP as a consequence of large scale patterns of thick oxides. The dependence of oxide thickness and pattern geometry on temperature non-uniformity over a wafer is studied. A set of simulation programs is developed to calculate the optical characteristics of a wafer inside a chamber and to calculate the time dependent temperature non-uniformities on patterned wafers. The calculated results agree very well with the experimental results. The simulation program was used to define the optimal optical conditions for RTP systems for minimal temperature non-uniformity due to patterned overlayers on Si.
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36
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Remijsen Q, Kuijpers TW, Wirawan E, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T. Dying for a cause: NETosis, mechanisms behind an antimicrobial cell death modality. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:581-8. [PMID: 21293492 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are chromatin structures loaded with antimicrobial molecules. They can trap and kill various bacterial, fungal and protozoal pathogens, and their release is one of the first lines of defense against pathogens. In vivo, NETs are released during a form of pathogen-induced cell death, which was recently named NETosis. Ex vivo, both dead and viable neutrophils can be stimulated to release NETs composed of either nuclear or mitochondrial chromatin, respectively. In certain pathological conditions, NETs are associated with severe tissue damage or certain auto-immune diseases. This review describes the recent progress made in the identification of the mechanisms involved in NETosis and discusses its interplay with autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Remijsen
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Ivanova S, Gregorc U, Vidergar N, Javier R, Bredt DS, Vandenabeele P, Pardo J, Simon MM, Turk V, Banks L, Turk B. MAGUKs, scaffolding proteins at cell junctions, are substrates of different proteases during apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e116. [PMID: 21368887 PMCID: PMC3077288 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A major feature of apoptotic cell death is gross structural changes, one of which is the loss of cell–cell contacts. The caspases, executioners of apoptosis, were shown to cleave several proteins involved in the formation of cell junctions. The membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), which are typically associated with cell junctions, have a major role in the organization of protein–protein complexes at plasma membranes and are therefore potentially important caspase targets during apoptosis. We report here that MAGUKs are cleaved and/or degraded by executioner caspases, granzyme B and several cysteine cathepsins in vitro. When apoptosis was induced by UV-irradiation and staurosporine in different epithelial cell lines, caspases were found to efficiently cleave MAGUKs in these cell models, as the cleavages could be prevented by a pan-caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)fluoromethylketone. Using a selective lysosomal disrupting agent -leucyl--leucine methyl ester, which induces apoptosis through the lysosomal pathway, it was further shown that MAGUKs are also cleaved by the cathepsins in HaCaT and CaCo-2 cells. Immunohistological data showed rapid loss of MAGUKs at the sites of cell–cell contacts, preceding actual cell detachment, suggesting that cleavage of MAGUKs is an important step in fast and efficient cell detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, J Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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38
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Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T, Bogaert P, Laukens B, Zobel K, Deshayes K, Vucic D, Fulda S, Vandenabeele P, Bertrand MJM. cIAP1 and TAK1 protect cells from TNF-induced necrosis by preventing RIP1/RIP3-dependent reactive oxygen species production. Cell Death Differ 2010; 18:656-65. [PMID: 21052097 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Three members of the IAP family (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins-1/-2 (cIAP1 and cIAP2)) are potent suppressors of apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that cIAP1 and cIAP2, unlike XIAP, are not direct caspase inhibitors, but block apoptosis by functioning as E3 ligases for effector caspases and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1). cIAP-mediated polyubiquitination of RIP1 allows it to bind to the pro-survival kinase transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) which prevents it from activating caspase-8-dependent death, a process reverted by the de-ubiquitinase CYLD. RIP1 is also a regulator of necrosis, a caspase-independent type of cell death. Here, we show that cells depleted of the IAPs by treatment with the IAP antagonist BV6 are greatly sensitized to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrosis, but not to necrotic death induced by anti-Fas, poly(I:C) oxidative stress. Specific targeting of the IAPs by RNAi revealed that repression of cIAP1 is responsible for the sensitization. Similarly, lowering TAK1 levels or inhibiting its kinase activity sensitized cells to TNF-induced necrosis, whereas repressing CYLD had the opposite effect. We show that this sensitization to death is accompanied by enhanced RIP1 kinase activity, increased recruitment of RIP1 to Fas-associated via death domain and RIP3 (which allows necrosome formation), and elevated RIP1 kinase-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, our data indicate that cIAP1 and TAK1 protect cells from TNF-induced necrosis by preventing RIP1/RIP3-dependent ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vanlangenakker
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium
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Vanden Berghe T, Vanlangenakker N, Parthoens E, Deckers W, Devos M, Festjens N, Guerin CJ, Brunk UT, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis, necrosis and secondary necrosis converge on similar cellular disintegration features. Cell Death Differ 2009; 17:922-30. [PMID: 20010783 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, necrosis and secondary necrosis following apoptosis represent different modes of cell death that eventually result in similar cellular morphology including rounding of the cell, cytoplasmic swelling, rupture of the plasma membrane and spilling of the intracellular content. Subcellular events during tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necroptosis, H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis and anti-Fas-induced secondary necrosis were studied using high-resolution time-lapse microscopy. The cellular disintegration phase of the three types of necrosis is characterized by an identical sequence of subcellular events, including oxidative burst, mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, lysosomal membrane permeabilization and plasma membrane permeabilization, although with different kinetics. H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis starts immediately by lysosomal permeabilization. In contrast, during TNF-mediated necroptosis and anti-Fas-induced secondary necrosis, this is a late event preceded by a defined signaling phase. TNF-induced necroptosis depends on receptor-interacting protein-1 kinase, mitochondrial complex I and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) activities, whereas H(2)O(2)-induced necrosis requires iron-dependent Fenton reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vanden Berghe
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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40
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Calvo del Castillo H, Deprez N, Dupuis T, Mathis F, Deneckere A, Vandenabeele P, Calderón T, Strivay D. Towards the differentiation of non-treated and treated corundum minerals by ion-beam-induced luminescence and other complementary techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1043-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schäfers M, Sommer C, Geis C, Hagenacker T, Vandenabeele P, Sorkin LS. Selective stimulation of either tumor necrosis factor receptor differentially induces pain behavior in vivo and ectopic activity in sensory neurons in vitro. Neuroscience 2008; 157:414-23. [PMID: 18838115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) sensitizes primary afferent neurons, and thus facilitates neuropathic pain. Here, we separately examined the roles of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 and 2 by parallel in vivo and in vitro paradigms using proteins that selectively activate TNFR1 or TNFR2 (R1 and R2). In vivo, intrathecally injected R1, but not R2 slightly reduced mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds in rats, whereas co-injection resulted in robust, at least additive pain-associated behavior. In vitro, the electrophysiological responses of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from rats with spinal nerve ligation were measured utilizing single-fiber recordings of teased dorsal root filaments. In naïve DRG, only R1 (10-1000 pg/ml) induced firing in Ass- and Adelta-fibers, whereas R2 had no effect. In injured DRG, both R1 and R2 at significantly lower concentrations (1 pg/ml) increased discharge rates of Adelta-fibers. Most interesting, in adjacent uninjured DRG, R2 and not R1, increased ectopic activity in both Ass- and Adelta-fibers. We conclude that TNFR1 may be predominantly involved in the excitation of sensory neurons and induction of pain behavior in the absence of nerve injury, TNFR2 may contribute in the presence of TNFR1 activation. Importantly, the effects of individually applied R1 and R2 on injured and adjacent uninjured fibers imply that the role of TNFR2 in the excitation of sensory neurons increases after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schäfers
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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42
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Delmulle L, Vanden Berghe T, Keukeleire DD, Vandenabeele P. Treatment of PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells by prenylflavonoids from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) induces a caspase-independent form of cell death. Phytother Res 2008; 22:197-203. [PMID: 17726738 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (X), isoxanthohumol (IX), 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) and 6-prenylnaringenin (6PN), prenylflavonoids from hop (Humulus lupulus L.), were investigated for their cytotoxicity and the mechanism by which they exert cell death when incubated with prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145. All compounds induced cell death in the absence of caspase-3 activation and typical apoptotic morphological features. The general pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk could not protect this form of cell death. In addition, the formation of vacuoles was observed in PC-3 cells treated with IX and 6PN, and in DU145 treated with IX, 8PN and 6PN, which could suggest the induction of autophagy and consequent cell death. The results indicate that hop-derived prenylflavanones (IX, 8PN, 6PN), but not prenylchalcones (X) induce a caspase-independent form of cell death, suggested to be autophagy. Therefore, IX, 8PN and 6PN appear to be promising candidates for further investigation in prostate anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Delmulle
- Ghent University-UGent, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
The HtrA family refers to a group of related oligomeric serine proteases that combine a trypsin-like protease domain with at least one PDZ interaction domain. Mammals encode four HtrA proteases, named HtrA1-4. The protease activity of the HtrA member HtrA2/Omi is required for mitochondrial homeostasis in mice and humans and inactivating mutations associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Moreover, HtrA2/Omi is released in the cytosol, where it contributes to apoptosis through both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge of HtrA2/Omi biology and discuss the signaling pathways that underlie its mitochondrial and apoptotic functions from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vande Walle
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit for Molecular Signalling and Cell Death, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Binding of inflammatory cytokines to their receptors, stimulation of pathogen recognition receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and DNA damage induce specific signalling events. A cell that is exposed to these signals can respond by activation of NF-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinases and interferon regulatory factors, resulting in the upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins and of several cytokines. The consequent survival may or may not be accompanied by an inflammatory response. Alternatively, a cell can also activate death-signalling pathways, resulting in apoptosis or alternative cell death such as necrosis or autophagic cell death. Interplay between survival and death-promoting complexes continues as they compete with each other until one eventually dominates and determines the cell's fate. RIP1 is a crucial adaptor kinase on the crossroad of these stress-induced signalling pathways and a cell's decision to live or die. Following different upstream signals, particular RIP1-containing complexes are formed; these initiate only a limited number of cellular responses. In this review, we describe how RIP1 acts as a key integrator of signalling pathways initiated by stimulation of death receptors, bacterial or viral infection, genotoxic stress and T-cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Festjens
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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45
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Kalai M, Suin V, Festjens N, Meeus A, Bernis A, Wang XM, Saelens X, Vandenabeele P. The caspase-generated fragments of PKR cooperate to activate full-length PKR and inhibit translation. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1050-9. [PMID: 17318221 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the involvement of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIP1) and dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) in external dsRNA-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death in Jurkat T cell lymphoma. Our results suggest that RIP1 plays an imported role in dsRNA-induced apoptosis and necrosis. We demonstrated that contrary to necrosis, protein synthesis is inhibited in apoptosis. Here, we show that phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2-alpha)) and its kinase, PKR, occur in dsRNA-induced apoptosis but not in necrosis. These events are caspase-dependent and coincide with the appearance of the caspase-mediated PKR fragments, N-terminal domain (ND) and kinase domain (KD). Our immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that both fragments could independently co-precipitate with full-length PKR. Expression of PKR-KD leads to PKR and eIF2-alpha phosphorylation and inhibits protein translation, whereas that of PKR-ND does not. Co-expression of PKR-ND and PKR-KD promotes their interaction with PKR, PKR and eIF2-alpha phosphorylation and suppresses protein translation better than PKR-KD alone. Our findings suggest a caspase-dependent mode of activation of PKR in apoptosis in which the PKR-KD fragment interacts with and activates intact PKR. PKR-ND facilitates the interaction of PKR-KD with full-length PKR and thus the activation of the kinase and amplifies the translation inhibitory signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kalai
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Rue Engeland, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
Caspases, a family of evolutionarily, conserved cysteinyl proteases, mediate both apoptosis and inflammation through aspartate-specific cleavage of a wide number of cellular substrates. Most substrates of apoptotic caspases have been conotated with cellular dismantling, while inflammatory caspases mediate the proteolytic activation of inflammatory cytokines. Through detailed functional analysis of conditional caspase-deficient mice or derived cells, caspase biology has been extended to cellular responses such as cell differentiation, proliferation and NF-kappaB activation. Here, we discuss recent data indicating that non-apoptotic functions of caspases involve proteolysis exerted by their catalytic domains as well as non-proteolytic functions exerted by their prodomains. Homotypic oligomerization motifs in the latter mediate the recruitment of adaptors and effectors that modulate NF-kappaB activation. The non-apoptotic functions of caspases suggest that they may become activated independently of--or without--inducing an apoptotic cascade. Moreover, the existence of non-catalytic caspase-like molecules such as human caspase-12, c-FLIP and CARD-only proteins further supports the non-proteolytic functions of caspases in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamkanfi
- Unit of Molecular Signalling and Cell Death, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
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Krysko DV, Denecker G, Festjens N, Gabriels S, Parthoens E, D'Herde K, Vandenabeele P. Macrophages use different internalization mechanisms to clear apoptotic and necrotic cells. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:2011-22. [PMID: 16628234 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study characterized two different internalization mechanisms used by macrophages to engulf apoptotic and necrotic cells. Our in vitro phagocytosis assay used a mouse macrophage cell line, and murine L929sAhFas cells that are induced to die in a necrotic way by TNFR1 and heat shock or in an apoptotic way by Fas stimulation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that apoptotic bodies were taken up by macrophages with formation of tight fitting phagosomes, similar to the 'zipper'-like mechanism of phagocytosis, whereas necrotic cells were internalized by a macropinocytotic mechanism involving formation of multiple ruffles directed towards necrotic debris. Two macropinocytosis markers (Lucifer Yellow (LY) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) were excluded from the phagosomes containing apoptotic bodies, but they were present inside the macropinosomes containing necrotic material. Wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor) reduced the uptake of apoptotic cells, but the engulfment of necrotic cells remained unaffected. Our data demonstrate that apoptotic and necrotic cells are internalized differently by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Krysko
- Department of Human Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Festjens N, Kalai M, Smet J, Meeus A, Van Coster R, Saelens X, Vandenabeele P. Butylated hydroxyanisole is more than a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:166-9. [PMID: 16138110 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vandenabeele
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Abstract
Homeostasis implies a balance between cell growth and cell death. This balance is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Homeostasis is controlled by several mechanisms including apoptosis, a process by which cells condemned to death are completely eliminated. However, in some cases, total destruction and removal of dead cells is not desirable, as when they fulfil a specific function such as formation of the skin barrier provided by corneocytes, also known as terminally differentiated keratinocytes. In this case, programmed cell death results in accumulation of functional cell corpses. Previously, this process has been associated with apoptotic cell death. In this overview, we discuss differences and similarities in the molecular regulation of epidermal programmed cell death and apoptosis. We conclude that despite earlier confusion, apoptosis and cornification occur through distinct molecular pathways, and that possibly antiapoptotic mechanisms are implicated in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lippens
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology) and Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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