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Chiaranunt P, Burrows K, Ngai L, Tai SL, Cao EY, Liang H, Hamidzada H, Wong A, Gschwend J, Flüchter P, Kuypers M, Despot T, Momen A, Lim SM, Mallevaey T, Schneider C, Conway T, Imamura H, Epelman S, Mortha A. Microbial energy metabolism fuels an intestinal macrophage niche in solitary isolated lymphoid tissues through purinergic signaling. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabq4573. [PMID: 37540734 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining macrophage (MΦ) heterogeneity is critical to ensure intestinal tissue homeostasis and host defense. The gut microbiota and host factors are thought to synergistically guide intestinal MΦ development, although the exact nature, regulation, and location of such collaboration remain unclear. Here, we report that microbial biochemical energy metabolism promotes colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) within solitary isolated lymphoid tissues (SILTs) in a cell-extrinsic, NLRP3/P2X7R-dependent fashion in the steady state. Tissue-infiltrating monocytes accumulating around SILTs followed a spatially constrained, distinct developmental trajectory into SILT-associated MΦs (SAMs). CSF2 regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production of SAMs and contributed to the antimicrobial defense against enteric bacterial infections. Collectively, these findings identify SILTs and CSF2-producing ILC3s as a microanatomic niche for intestinal MΦ development and functional programming fueled by the integration of commensal microbial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Y Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Homaira Hamidzada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gschwend
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Flüchter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Meggie Kuypers
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tijana Despot
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sung Min Lim
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tyrrell Conway
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Slava Epelman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Burr AHP, Ji J, Ozler K, Mentrup HL, Eskiocak O, Yueh B, Cumberland R, Menk AV, Rittenhouse N, Marshall CW, Chiaranunt P, Zhang X, Mullinax L, Overacre-Delgoffe A, Cooper VS, Poholek AC, Delgoffe GM, Mollen KP, Beyaz S, Hand TW. Excess Dietary Sugar Alters Colonocyte Metabolism and Impairs the Proliferative Response to Damage. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:287-316. [PMID: 37172822 PMCID: PMC10394273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The colonic epithelium requires continuous renewal by crypt resident intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and transit-amplifying (TA) cells to maintain barrier integrity, especially after inflammatory damage. The diet of high-income countries contains increasing amounts of sugar, such as sucrose. ISCs and TA cells are sensitive to dietary metabolites, but whether excess sugar affects their function directly is unknown. METHODS Here, we used a combination of 3-dimensional colonoids and a mouse model of colon damage/repair (dextran sodium sulfate colitis) to show the direct effect of sugar on the transcriptional, metabolic, and regenerative functions of crypt ISCs and TA cells. RESULTS We show that high-sugar conditions directly limit murine and human colonoid development, which is associated with a reduction in the expression of proliferative genes, adenosine triphosphate levels, and the accumulation of pyruvate. Treatment of colonoids with dichloroacetate, which forces pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, restored their growth. In concert, dextran sodium sulfate treatment of mice fed a high-sugar diet led to massive irreparable damage that was independent of the colonic microbiota and its metabolites. Analyses on crypt cells from high-sucrose-fed mice showed a reduction in the expression of ISC genes, impeded proliferative potential, and increased glycolytic potential without a commensurate increase in aerobic respiration. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that short-term, excess dietary sucrose can directly modulate intestinal crypt cell metabolism and inhibit ISC/TA cell regenerative proliferation. This knowledge may inform diets that better support the treatment of acute intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansen H P Burr
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Junyi Ji
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kadir Ozler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Heather L Mentrup
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Brian Yueh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Rachel Cumberland
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley V Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie Rittenhouse
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris W Marshall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pailin Chiaranunt
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital
| | - Lauren Mullinax
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital
| | - Abigail Overacre-Delgoffe
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Timothy W Hand
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Chiaranunt P, Burrows K, Ngai L, Cao EY, Liang H, Tai SL, Streutker CJ, Girardin SE, Mortha A. NLRP1B and NLRP3 Control the Host Response following Colonization with the Commensal Protist Tritrichomonas musculis. J Immunol 2022; 208:1782-1789. [PMID: 35256512 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Commensal intestinal protozoa, unlike their pathogenic relatives, are neglected members of the mammalian microbiome. These microbes have a significant impact on the host's intestinal immune homeostasis, typically by elevating anti-microbial host defense. Tritrichomonas musculis, a protozoan gut commensal, strengthens the intestinal host defense against enteric Salmonella infections through Asc- and Il1r1-dependent Th1 and Th17 cell activation. However, the underlying inflammasomes mediating this effect remain unknown. In this study, we report that colonization with T. musculis results in an increase in luminal extracellular ATP that is followed by increased caspase activity, higher cell death, elevated levels of IL-1β, and increased numbers of IL-18 receptor-expressing Th1 and Th17 cells in the colon. Mice deficient in either Nlrp1b or Nlrp3 failed to display these protozoan-driven immune changes and lost resistance to enteric Salmonella infections even in the presence of T. musculis These findings demonstrate that T. musculis-mediated host protection requires sensors of extracellular and intracellular ATP to confer resistance to enteric Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Y Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Chiaranunt P, Tai SL, Ngai L, Mortha A. Beyond Immunity: Underappreciated Functions of Intestinal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749708. [PMID: 34650568 PMCID: PMC8506163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract hosts the largest compartment of macrophages in the body, where they serve as mediators of host defense and immunity. Seeded in the complex tissue-environment of the gut, an array of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells forms their immediate neighborhood. Emerging data demonstrate that the functional diversity of intestinal macrophages reaches beyond classical immunity and includes underappreciated non-immune functions. In this review, we discuss recent advances in research on intestinal macrophage heterogeneity, with a particular focus on how non-immune functions of macrophages impact tissue homeostasis and function. We delve into the strategic localization of distinct gut macrophage populations, describe the potential factors that regulate their identity and functional heterogeneity within these locations, and provide open questions that we hope will inspire research dedicated to elucidating a holistic view on macrophage-tissue cell interactions in the body's largest mucosal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Monlish DA, Beezhold KJ, Chiaranunt P, Paz K, Moore NJ, Dobbs AK, Brown RA, Ozolek JA, Blazar BR, Byersdorfer CA. Deletion of AMPK minimizes graft-versus-host disease through an early impact on effector donor T cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143811. [PMID: 34291733 PMCID: PMC8410053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a viable treatment for multiple hematologic diseases, but its application is often limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where donor T cells attack host tissues in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we examined the role of the cellular energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) in alloreactive T cells during GVHD development. Early posttransplant, AMPK activity increased more than 15-fold in allogeneic T cells, and transplantation of T cells deficient in both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 decreased GVHD severity in multiple disease models. Importantly, a lack of AMPK lessened GVHD without compromising antileukemia responses or impairing lymphopenia-driven immune reconstitution. Mechanistically, absence of AMPK decreased both CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell numbers as early as day 3 posttransplant, while simultaneously increasing regulatory T cell (Treg) percentages. Improvements in GVHD resulted from cell-intrinsic perturbations in conventional effector T cells as depletion of donor Tregs had minimal impact on AMPK-related improvements. Together, these results highlight a specific role for AMPK in allogeneic effector T cells early posttransplant and suggest that AMPK inhibition may be an innovative approach to mitigate GVHD while preserving graft-versus-leukemia responses and maintaining robust immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Monlish
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin J Beezhold
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pailin Chiaranunt
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katelyn Paz
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan J Moore
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea K Dobbs
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca A Brown
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Ozolek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells like innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are regulators of local immunity and tissue homeostasis. Similar to Natural Killer (NK) cells, ILCs express germline-encoded natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) that facilitate the rapid execution of effector functions. Recent advances using transgenic animal models have further uncovered the developmental, transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional differences between members of the ILC family. Isolation of ILCs, which are particularly enriched in non-lymphoid tissues, can often be challenging and time consuming. Here, we provide a simple and rapid protocol for the isolation of NK cells and ILCs from murine intestinal tissues. This protocol is suitable for Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and intracellular analysis of cytokine and transcription factor expression using flow and mass cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is home to trillions of microbes that make up the gut microbiota and is a major source of environmental antigens that can be derived from food, commensal microorganisms, and potential pathogens. Amidst this complex environment, myeloid cells, including macrophages (MPs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are key immunological sentinels that locally maintain both tissue and immune homeostasis. Recent research has revealed substantial functional and developmental heterogeneity within the intestinal DC and MP compartments, with evidence pointing to their regulation by the microbiota. DCs are classically divided into three subsets based on their CD103 and CD11b expression: CD103+CD11b-(XCR1+) cDC1s, CD103+CD11b+ cDC2s, and CD103-CD11b+ cDC2s. Meanwhile, mature gut MPs have recently been classified by their expression of Tim-4 and CD4 into a long-lived, self-maintaining Tim-4+CD4+ population and short-lived, monocyte-derived Tim-4-CD4+ and Tim-4-CD4- populations. In this chapter, we provide experimental procedures to classify and isolate these myeloid subsets from the murine intestinal lamina propria for functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Rojas OL, Pröbstel AK, Porfilio EA, Wang AA, Charabati M, Sun T, Lee DSW, Galicia G, Ramaglia V, Ward LA, Leung LYT, Najafi G, Khaleghi K, Garcillán B, Li A, Besla R, Naouar I, Cao EY, Chiaranunt P, Burrows K, Robinson HG, Allanach JR, Yam J, Luck H, Campbell DJ, Allman D, Brooks DG, Tomura M, Baumann R, Zamvil SS, Bar-Or A, Horwitz MS, Winer DA, Mortha A, Mackay F, Prat A, Osborne LC, Robbins C, Baranzini SE, Gommerman JL. Recirculating Intestinal IgA-Producing Cells Regulate Neuroinflammation via IL-10. Cell 2019; 176:610-624.e18. [PMID: 30612739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PC) are found in the CNS of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, yet their source and role in MS remains unclear. We find that some PC in the CNS of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) originate in the gut and produce immunoglobulin A (IgA). Moreover, we show that IgA+ PC are dramatically reduced in the gut during EAE, and likewise, a reduction in IgA-bound fecal bacteria is seen in MS patients during disease relapse. Removal of plasmablast (PB) plus PC resulted in exacerbated EAE that was normalized by the introduction of gut-derived IgA+ PC. Furthermore, mice with an over-abundance of IgA+ PB and/or PC were specifically resistant to the effector stage of EAE, and expression of interleukin (IL)-10 by PB plus PC was necessary and sufficient to confer resistance. Our data show that IgA+ PB and/or PC mobilized from the gut play an unexpected role in suppressing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elisa A Porfilio
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Unit, CRCHUM and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dennis S W Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Georgina Galicia
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Valeria Ramaglia
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lesley A Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Leslie Y T Leung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ghazal Najafi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Khashayar Khaleghi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Beatriz Garcillán
- University of Melbourne, School of Biomedical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Angela Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ikbel Naouar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric Y Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hannah G Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jessica R Allanach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yam
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Helen Luck
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Daniel J Campbell
- Benaroya Research Institute and Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David G Brooks
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka Prefecture 584-8540, Japan
| | - Ryan Baumann
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc S Horwitz
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- University of Melbourne, School of Biomedical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Unit, CRCHUM and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Clinton Robbins
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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9
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Chiaranunt P, Tometich JT, Ji J, Hand TW. T Cell Proliferation and Colitis Are Initiated by Defined Intestinal Microbes. J Immunol 2018; 201:243-250. [PMID: 29777027 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with the dysregulation of T cells specific to Ags derived from the intestinal microbiota. How microbiota-specific T cells are regulated is not completely clear but is believed to be mediated by a combination of IgA, regulatory T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. To test the role of these regulatory components on microbiota-specific T cells, we bred CBir1 TCR transgenic (CBir1Tg) mice (specific to flagellin from common intestinal bacteria) onto a lymphopenic Rag1-/- background. Surprisingly, T cells from CBir1Tg mice bred onto a Rag1-/- background could not induce colitis and did not differentiate to become effectors under lymphopenic conditions, despite deficits in immunoregulatory factors, such as IgA, regulatory T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. In fact, upon transfer of conventional CBir1Tg T cells into lymphopenic mice, the vast majority of proliferating T cells responded to Ags other than CBir1 flagellin, including those found on other bacteria, such as Helicobacter spp. Thus, we discovered a caveat in the CBir1Tg model within our animal facility that illustrates the limitations of using TCR transgenics at mucosal surfaces, where multiple TCR specificities can respond to the plethora of foreign Ags. Our findings also indicate that T cell specificity to the microbiota alone is not sufficient to induce T cell activation and colitis. Instead, other interrelated factors, such as the composition and ecology of the intestinal microbiota and host access to Ag, are paramount in controlling the activation of microbiota-specific T cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Justin T Tometich
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Junyi Ji
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; and
| | - Timothy W Hand
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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10
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Byersdorfer CA, Beezhold KJ, Moore N, Chiaranunt P, Brown RA. Deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in donor T cells mitigates graft-versus-host disease without impacting graft-versus-leukemia effects. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.82.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation cures a variety of hematologic disorders, but its broader use remains limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where donor T cells attack and destroy host tissues. To explore this process mechanistically, we elucidated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an intracellular energy sensor, in GHVD-causing T cells. Alloreactive T cells increased phosphorylation of AMPK as early as day 3 post-transplant (8-fold higher than naïve cells, p=0.0003), while T cells lacking AMPK caused less GVHD in two separate models. Importantly, AMPK−/− cells demonstrated equivalent cytotoxicity, with equal clearance of p815 leukemia cells, in graft-versus-leukemia experiments.
We next sought to explain our lower rates of GVHD. Surprisingly, fat oxidation, T cell autophagy, and mTOR signaling were identical between wildtype (wt) and AMPK−/− cells. However, the number of donor T cells decreased following transplantation of AMPK−/− cells (3.15 ±0.49×106vs. 1.87 ±0.53×106, p=0.0006, wt vs. AMPK−/− respectively), with fewer CD3+ cells infiltrating into GVHD target organs (e.g. liver, 206.1 ± 26.72 vs. 83.58 ± 11.10 CD3+ cells/hpf, p=0.0001). In contrast, both the percentage and total number Treg increased in recipients of AMPK−/− cells (0.85 ±0.32×104 vs. 1.69 ± 0.34×104, wt vs. AMPK−/−, p=0.004).
Thus, deletion of AMPK decreases GVHD severity but spares anti-leukemia responses. This occurs through impaired effector T cell survival, preservation of Tregs, and reduced infiltration of CD3+ cells into target organs. From these data, we conclude that targeting AMPK in donor T cells represents an attractive strategy to mitigate GVHD while still preserving graft-versus-leukemia effects.
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Chiaranunt P, Ferrara JLM, Byersdorfer CA. Rethinking the paradigm: How comparative studies on fatty acid oxidation inform our understanding of T cell metabolism. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:564-74. [PMID: 26359186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The classic paradigm of T cell metabolism posits that activated Teff cells utilize glycolysis to keep pace with increased energetic demands, while resting and Tmem cells rely on the oxidation of fat. In contrast, Teff cells during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) increase their reliance on oxidative metabolism and, in particular, on fatty acid oxidation (FAO). To explore the potential mechanisms driving adoption of this alternative metabolism, we first review key pathways regulating FAO across a variety of disparate tissue types, including liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Based upon these comparative studies, we then outline a consensus network of transcriptional and signaling pathways that predict a model for regulating FAO in Teff cells during GVHD. This model raises important implications about the dynamic nature of metabolic reprogramming in T cells and suggests exciting future directions for further study of in vivo T cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - James L M Ferrara
- The Tisch Cancer Institute & Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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Chiaranunt P, Sprano J, Daniels A, Snider M. Effects of 6‐hydroxynicotinate 3‐monooxygenase gene knockout (∆nicC) on nicotinate degradation and virulence modulation in Bordetella pertussis (LB266). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology The College of WoosterWoosterOHUnited States
| | - Jacob Sprano
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology The College of WoosterWoosterOHUnited States
| | - Abigail Daniels
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology The College of WoosterWoosterOHUnited States
| | - Mark Snider
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology The College of WoosterWoosterOHUnited States
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Snider MJ, Chiaranunt P, Sullivan ED, Morrison K, Hilmey D. Investigating the catalytic role of Cys150‐Asp29‐Lys117 in maleamate amidohydrolase. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Hilmey
- ChemistrySt. Bonaventure UniversitySt. BonaventureNY
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