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Schettgen T, Belov V, Kraus T, Ziegler P. A novel method for the accurate quantification of two isomeric mercapturic acids of 1,3-dichlorobenzene in human urine using isotope dilution online-SPE-LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124034. [PMID: 38306955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) is an aromatic solvent that might be formed during thermal decomposition of bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)peroxide used as initiator in silicone rubber production with many workers exposed worldwide. During metabolism of 1,3-DCB, two isomeric mercapturic acids can be formed from ring oxidation of 1,3-DCB in the liver, namely 2,4-dichlorophenylmercapturic acid (24CPhMA) and 3,5-dichlorophenylmercapturic acid (35CPhMA). These urinary mercapturic acids might serve as biomarkers of the toxicologically relevant absorbed dose of 1,3-DCB and have not been determined so far. Thus, we were aimed to develop an analytical method for quantification of these biomarkers. Authentic standards of both mercapturic acids as well as deuterium-labelled analogues were self-synthesized. A method for the quantification of both CPhMAs in human urine using online-SPE LC/MS/MS was developed and validated with an LOQ of 0.1 ng mL-1 for both CPhMAs. The analytes were extracted from urine by online-SPE on a restricted access material phase, transferred to the analytical column and quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. Interday (n = 6) and Intraday (n = 10) precision for both CPhMAs ranged from 1.7 to 4.3 % with accuracies between 99.4 and 109.9 % at concentrations of 0.6 and 3 ng mL-1. We applied the method on post-shift urine samples of 16 workers of the silicone rubber industry with occupational exposure to 1,3-DCB. Both CPhMAs were above LOQ in 15 of 16 urine samples with median levels (range) for 24CPhMA and 35CPhMA of 1.64 ng mL-1 (<0.1 - 8.2 ng mL-1) and 3.98 ng mL-1 (0.36 - 24.1 ng mL-1), respectively. This is the first report on specific urinary mercapturic acids of 1,3-DCB in humans. Our results show that ring oxidation of 1,3-DCB is considered to be a toxicologically relevant metabolic pathway in humans. This might improve risk assessment of 1,3-DCB-emissions in silicone rubber industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - V Belov
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Facility for Synthetic Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Brauchler A, Gonzalez S, Vierneisel M, Ziegler P, Antonacci F, Sarti A, Eberhard P. Model-predicted geometry variations to compensate material variability in the design of classical guitars. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12766. [PMID: 37550404 PMCID: PMC10406898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Musical instrument making is often considered a mysterious form of art, its secrets still escaping scientific quantification. There is not yet a formula to make a good instrument, so historical examples are regarded as the pinnacle of the craft. This is the case of Stradivari's violins or Torres guitars that serve as both models and examples to follow. Geometric copies of these instruments are still the preferred way of building new ones, yet reliably making acoustic copies of them remains elusive. One reason for this is that the variability of the wood used for instruments makes for a significant source of uncertainty-no two pieces of wood are the same. In this article, using state-of-the-art methodologies, we show a method for matching the vibrational response of two guitar top plates made with slightly different materials. To validate our method, we build two guitar soundboards: one serving as a reference and the second acting as a copy to which we apply model-predicted geometry variations. The results are twofold. Firstly, we can experimentally validate the predictive capabilities of our numerical model regarding geometry changes. Secondly, we can significantly reduce the deviation between the two plates by these precisely predicted geometry variations. Although applied to guitars here, the methodology can be extended to other instruments, e.g. violins, in a similar fashion. The implications of such a methodology for the craft could be far-reaching by turning instrument-making more into a science than artistic craftsmanship and paving the way to accurately copy historical instruments of a high value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brauchler
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Gonzalez
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy
| | - Manuel Vierneisel
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pascal Ziegler
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabio Antonacci
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy
| | - Augusto Sarti
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy
| | - Peter Eberhard
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Ziegler P, Quinete N, Bertram J, Randerath I, Kraus T, Schettgen T. Correspondence on "Machine Learning-Assisted Identification and Quantification of Hydroxylated Metabolites of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Animal Samples". Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:6248-6250. [PMID: 37017335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
| | - J Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Schettgen T, Bertram J, Krabbe J, Christoforou R, Schweiker M, Esser A, Möller M, Ziegler P, Kraus T. Excretion kinetics of 1,3-dichlorobenzene and its urinary metabolites after controlled airborne exposure in human volunteers. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1033-1045. [PMID: 36717398 PMCID: PMC10025240 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The solvent 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) is formed during thermal decomposition of the initiator 2,4-dichlorobenzoylperoxide in the production of silicone rubber with potential exposure of production workers as shown in previous works. Despite a threshold limit value (MAK value) of 2 ppm in air, there are currently no data about the corresponding internal exposure that would allow for the derivation of a biological limit value. In the present study, we have investigated the absorption of 1,3-DCB and urinary kinetics of its metabolites in 10 human volunteers after controlled inhalative exposure. Due to the strong odour of 1,3-DCB, a subjective evaluation of odour nuisance was also performed. Ten male human volunteers (23-36 yrs.) were exposed 6 h/day to a concentration of 0.7 ppm and 1.5 ppm in the Aachen workplace simulation laboratory (AWSL) with one week between each experiment. In order to investigate potential dermal absorption, the volunteers were exposed to 1.5 ppm wearing a suitable filter mask that prevented inhalative exposure in a third exposure. 1,3-DCB in blood was measured after 3 and 6 h exposure and the urinary metabolites 3,5-dichlorocatechol (3,5-DCC), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) were measured over 24 h after exposure via LC/MS/MS. There were clear dose-response relations for all investigated parameters. The maximum excretion of the metabolites was reached at the end of exposure and corresponded to 5.2 ± 0.7 mg/g crea, 1.5 ± 0.35 mg/g crea and 0.07 ± 0.011 mg/g crea at 0.7 ppm and to 12.0 ± 3 mg/g crea, 3.5 ± 1.1 mg/g crea and 0.17 ± 0.05 mg/g crea at 1.5 ppm for 3,5-DCC, 2,4-DCP and 3,5-DCP, respectively. The use of filter masks decreased the internal exposure for about 85-90%, indicating substantial dermal absorption. Odour perception did not show a dose-response, probably due to fast olfactory adaption. The human study presented here provides an excellent basis for deriving a biological limit value for 1,3-DCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - J Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Krabbe
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Christoforou
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schweiker
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Möller
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Habel N, De Lavallaz J, Koehler J, Ziegler P, Infeld M, Lustgarten D, Meyer M. Lower heart rates and beta-blockers are associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lower heart rates (HRs) prolong diastole, thereby raising filling pressures and wall stress (1,2), slowing myocardial relaxation (3), and increasing central blood pressure via superposition of reflected peripheral pressure waves onto systole (2,4). As a result, lower HRs may be associated with higher brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Beta-blockers (BBs) may thereby increase the risk for AF.
Purpose
Examine the relationships of HR, BNP, BB use and new-onset AF in the REVEAL-AF and SPRINT cohort of subjects at risk for developing AF.
Methods
In REVEAL-AF, 383 subjects (52% male, mean age 71.5±9.8 years) without a history of AF and a mean CHA2DS2VASC score of 4.4±1.3 received an insertable cardiac monitor and were followed up to 30 months. Baseline HRs were averaged between 8AM and 8PM for the first week post-implantation. Adjudicated AF lasting ≥6 minutes was defined as new-onset AF.
In SPRINT, 7595 patients (64% male, mean age 67.5±9.2 years) without prior history of AF and a mean CHA2DS2VASC score of 2.3±1.2 were followed for up to 60 months. Baseline average HR was derived from three seated measurements taken at the initial clinical visit. 12-lead ECG at baseline, 2 years, 4 years and close-out visit were used to determine presence of AF. Based on longitudinal medication inventories BB use was categorized into “on BB” vs “never on BB” for the duration of the trial.
Results
The median daytime HR in the REVEAL-AF cohort was 75bpm [interquartile range, IQR 68–83]. Subjects with below median HRs had 2.4-fold higher BNP levels when compared to subjects with above median HRs (median BNP [IQR]: 62pg/dl [37–112] vs. 26pg/dl [13–53], p<0.001). Below median HRs were associated with a higher incidence of AF: 37% vs. 27%, p=0.047. This was validated in the SPRINT cohort after adjusting for AF risk factors (age, HR, sex, body mass index, coronary artery disease, intensive vs standard blood pressure therapy, chronic kidney disease). Both a HR<75bpm and BB use were independently associated with a higher rate of AF: 1.9 vs 0.7%, p<0.001 and 2.5% vs. 0.6%, p<0.001, respectively. The hazard ratio for patients on BB to develop AF was 3.72 [CI 2.32, 5.96], p<0.001.
Conclusion
Lower HRs and BB use are associated with higher BNP levels and incident AF, supporting the hypothesis that lower HRs mimic and/or exacerbate the hemodynamic effects of diastolic dysfunction and promote atrial myopathy. The effects of BBs on clinical outcomes in patient populations outside the context of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction will need to be reassessed.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institute of Health
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Affiliation(s)
- N Habel
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, United States of America
| | | | - J Koehler
- Medtronic, Mounds View, United States of America
| | - P Ziegler
- Medtronic, Mounds View, United States of America
| | - M Infeld
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, United States of America
| | - D.L Lustgarten
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, United States of America
| | - M Meyer
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, United States of America
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Brauchler A, Ziegler P, Eberhard P. An entirely reverse-engineered finite element model of a classical guitar in comparison with experimental data. J Acoust Soc Am 2021; 149:4450. [PMID: 34241441 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The classical guitar is a popular string instrument in which the sound results from a coupled mechanical process. The oscillation of the plucked strings is transferred through the bridge to the body, which acts as an amplifier to radiate the sound. In this contribution, a procedure to create a numerical finite element (FE) model of a classical guitar with the help of experimental data is presented. The geometry of the guitar is reverse-engineered from computed tomography scans to a very high level of detail, and care is taken in including all necessary physical influences. All of the five different types of wood used in the guitar are modeled with their corresponding orthotropic material characteristics, and the fluid-structure interaction between the guitar body and the enclosed air is taken into account by discretizing the air volume inside the guitar with FEs in addition to the discretization of the structural parts. Besides the numerical model, an experimental setup is proposed to identify the modal parameters of a guitar. The procedure concludes with determining reasonable material properties for the numerical model using experimental data. The quality of the resulting model is demonstrated by comparing the numerically calculated and experimentally identified modal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brauchler
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Pascal Ziegler
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Peter Eberhard
- Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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Matschinski A, Ziegler P, Abstreiter T, Wolf T, Drechsler K. Fiber Formation of Printed Carbon Fiber/Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) with Different Nozzle Shapes. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Matschinski
- Chair of Carbon Composites, TUM Department of Aerospace and Geodesy Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Chair of Carbon Composites, TUM Department of Aerospace and Geodesy Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - T Abstreiter
- Chair of Astronautics, TUM Department of Aerospace and Geodesy Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - T Wolf
- Chair of Carbon Composites, TUM Department of Aerospace and Geodesy Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - K Drechsler
- Chair of Carbon Composites, TUM Department of Aerospace and Geodesy Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
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Döbele S, Ziegler P, Hofmann V, Histing T, Konrads C. Combining ACL Reconstruction and Refixation: the Single Anteromedial Bundle Biological Augmentation and Refixation (SAMBBAR) Technique. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2021; 88:423-427. [PMID: 34998445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) preservation surgical techniques have been rising lately. In the acute setting, proximal ACL tears and femoral avulsions of the ACL are good indications for primary repair of the ACL. However, literature shows a wide range of failure rates. An intact synovial membrane seems to be a predicational factor for the outcome of primary ACL repair. Disruption of the synovial membrane is associated with higher failure rates. We describe a surgical technique repairing the ACL in combination with a semitendinosus augmentation for proximal ACL tears with or without disruption of the synovial membrane. MATERIAL AND METHODS The procedure preserves as much of the original anatomy as possible by repairing the synovial membrane and ACL remnant to the femoral origin. To accomplish this, we have built on the so-called "Single Anteromedial Bundle Biological Augmentation (SAMBBA) technique" and developed it further to the "Single Anteromedial Bundle Biological Augmentation and Refixation (SAMBBAR) technique", which we firstly describe here. RESULTS All three patients treated with the SAMBBAR technique showed very good short-term clinical outcomes comparable with successful standard ACL reconstruction. There were no complications. Twelve months postoperatively, patients had no pain. They had normal range of motion in the affected knee without any signs of instability. DISCUSSION The SAMBBAR technique seems to be an adequate procedure to preserve as much proprioceptive native tissue as possible, while at the same time ensuring high tissue strength in order to reduce failure rates. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the new SAMBBAR technique with standard ACL reconstruction, with the original SAMBBA technique, and with techniques of ACL refixation. CONCLUSIONS With the presented surgical procedure, it is possible to perform a standard ACL reconstruction using an autologous semitendinosus graft and at the same time preserving the tissue remnant of the ACL in all proximal tear patterns. This might contribute to improved proprioception and rehabilitation without sacrificing stability. Key words: anterior cruciate ligament, Lachman test, Ligamys, knee instability, semitendinosus tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Döbele
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - V Hofmann
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Histing
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Konrads
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Herrmann F, Ziegler P, Charitos E. An Investigation on the Probability of Spontaneous Conversion to Sinus Rhythm in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Idda T, Bonas C, Hoffmann J, Bertram J, Quinete N, Schettgen T, Fietkau K, Esser A, Stope MB, Leijs MM, Baron JM, Kraus T, Voigt A, Ziegler P. Metabolic activation and toxicological evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21587. [PMID: 33299007 PMCID: PMC7726022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is initiated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and includes PCB oxidation to OH-metabolites, which often display a higher toxicity than their parental compounds. In search of an animal model reflecting PCB metabolism and toxicity, we tested Drosophila melanogaster, a well-known model system for genetics and human disease. Feeding Drosophila with lower chlorinated (LC) PCB congeners 28, 52 or 101 resulted in the detection of a human-like pattern of respective OH-metabolites in fly lysates. Feeding flies high PCB 28 concentrations caused lethality. Thus we silenced selected CYPs via RNA interference and analyzed the effect on PCB 28-derived metabolite formation by assaying 3-OH-2',4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (3-OHCB 28) and 3'-OH-4',4,6'-trichlorobiphenyl (3'-OHCB 28) in fly lysates. We identified several drosophila CYPs (dCYPs) whose knockdown reduced PCB 28-derived OH-metabolites and suppressed PCB 28 induced lethality including dCYP1A2. Following in vitro analysis using a liver-like CYP-cocktail, containing human orthologues of dCYP1A2, we confirm human CYP1A2 as a PCB 28 metabolizing enzyme. PCB 28-induced mortality in flies was accompanied by locomotor impairment, a common phenotype of neurodegenerative disorders. Along this line, we show PCB 28-initiated caspase activation in differentiated fly neurons. This suggested the loss of neurons through apoptosis. Our findings in flies are congruent with observation in human exposed to high PCB levels. In plasma samples of PCB exposed humans, levels of the neurofilament light chain increase after LC-PCB exposure, indicating neuronal damage. In summary our findings demonstrate parallels between Drosophila and the human systems with respect to CYP mediated metabolism and PCB mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Idda
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Bonas
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Quinete
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University Florida, Florida, USA
| | - T Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M B Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Leijs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J M Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Voigt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Zweibel S, Passman R, Sarkar S, Koehler J, Ziegler P. Are all CHA2DS2-VASc risk factors created equal? An assessment of stroke risk among 34,470 patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 1 or 2. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The CHA2DS2-VASc score is commonly used to assess ischemic stroke risk in patients with documented atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether each combination of CHA2DS2-VASc score 1 or 2 confers a similar stroke risk is poorly understood.
Methods
A de-identified database of aggregated electronic health record (EHR) data from 2007–2017 was used to identify patients not on oral anticoagulation (OAC) who had documented AF and CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 1 or 2. CHA2DS2-VASc=1 groups included patients with only heart failure, hypertension, age 65–74, diabetes, vascular disease or female gender. The 17 possible permutations of CHA2DS2-VASc =2 scores were consolidated into 6 groups: prior stroke/TIA, age >75, 2 co-morbidities, 1 co-morbidity + age 65–74, 1 co-morbidity + female gender, or age 65–74 + female gender. Stroke risk hazard ratios were computed for each of these groups.
Results
A total of 34,470 patients (61.0±12.0 years, 67.3% male) not on OAC with a documented history of AF and CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 1 (n=16,572) or 2 (n=17,898) were identified. The annual risks of ischemic stroke among CHA2DS2-VASc 1 and 2 patients were 0.22% [0.18–0.26] and 0.38% [0.33–0.43], respectively. For CHA2DS2-VASc =1 patients, age 65–74 conferred a greater risk of stroke while female gender conferred a lower risk. For CHA2DS2-VASc =2 patients, prior stroke/TIA conferred a greater risk of stroke while 1 co-morbidity + female gender conferred a lower risk [Figure].
Conclusion
Ischemic stroke risk varies significantly across specific risk factors in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores =1 or 2. Therefore, OAC decisions in these patients should consider individual risk factors rather than the aggregate score alone.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Medtronic
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zweibel
- Hartford Hospital, Hartford, United States of America
| | - R Passman
- Northwestern University, Cardiology, Chicago, United States of America
| | - S Sarkar
- Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - J Koehler
- Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - P Ziegler
- Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, United States of America
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Ziegler P. Zehn Jahre Hautkrebsscreening in Deutschland – Leuchtturmfunktion, Probleme und Verbesserungsansätze – Daten einer großen Hautarztpraxis. Aktuelle Dermatologie 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1007-9736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungVon 2008 – 2018 wurden ca. 40 000 Hautkrebsscreenings durchgeführt und die Daten analysiert.Es zeigte sich zum einen eine hochsignifikant steigende Zunahme von epithelialen malignen Tumoren um mehr als das Doppelte zwischen 2009 – 2018. Bei Patienten des gesetzlichen Hautkrebsscreenings konnte bei jedem 10. Patienten „weißer Hautkrebs“ diagnostiziert werden, 1,2 % der Patienten litten unter einem malignen Melanom, wobei 50 % davon in situ waren. Eine statistische Analyse der dysplastischen Nävi erbrachte eine höchst signifikante Differenz zwischen Patienten des gesetzlichen Screenings (54,2 Jahre) und Patienten unter 35 Jahren (23,4 Jahre). Die jüngere Patientengruppe (< 35 Jahre) wies fast doppelt so häufig histologisch nachgewiesene dysplastische Nävi als die Patienten des gesetzlichen Screenings (> 35 Jahre) auf. Dies könnte ein früheres Screening ab 20 Jahren befürworten, um mögliche Risikogruppen rechtzeitig zu identifizieren. Die Senkung der Melanommortalität als einziger Erfolgsparameter ist allerdings kritisch zu hinterfragen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ziegler
- Praxis für Dermatologie/Allergologie und Balneo-Ästhetikzentrum, Dinkelsbühl
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Hemmann P, Ziegler P, Konrads C, Ellmerer A, Klopfer T, Schreiner AJ, Bahrs C. Trends in fracture development of the upper extremity in Germany-a population-based description of the past 15 years. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:65. [PMID: 32085794 PMCID: PMC7035769 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-1580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies investigating fracture development in Germany are not available especially with regard to demographic change. The primary aim of this study was to report trends in fracture development of the upper extremity in Germany between 2002 and 2017 and to evaluate changes over time. Methods Evaluating inpatient data from the German National Hospital Discharge Registry (International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) between 2002 and 2017. Total count, incidences and percentage changes of the following fracture localizations were analysed: proximal humerus, distal humerus, proximal ulna, proximal radius, ulna diaphysis (including Monteggia lesion) and distal radius. Ten age groups for men and women were formed: 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74; 75–84; 85–90, and > 90 (years). Results The total count of proximal humeral fractures increased from 40,839 (2002, men/women 9967/30,872) to 59,545 (2017, men/women 14,484/45,061). Distal humeral fractures increased from 5912 (2002, men/women 1559/4353) to 6493 (2017, men/women1840/4653). The total count of forearm fractures increased from 68,636 (2002, men/women 17,186/51,450) to 89,040 (2017, men/women 20,185/68,855). Women were affected in 70–75% of all cases with rising incidences among nearly every age group in female patients. Conclusion Total count of nearly every evaluated fracture increased. Also, incidences increased especially in the older female age groups. Fracture development already seems to reflect demographic changes in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemmann
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - P Ziegler
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Konrads
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Ellmerer
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Klopfer
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A J Schreiner
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Bahrs
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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14
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Ihle C, Maurer J, Ziegler P, Stöckle U, Ateschrang A, Ahrend MD, Schröter S. Sporting activity is reduced following medial reefing performed for patellar dislocation : A retrospective case series of 144 patients with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:34. [PMID: 30669997 PMCID: PMC6343311 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patellar dislocation is common in young and active patients. The purpose of this study was to determine sporting activity following the medial reefing of patellar dislocation. Methods One hundred forty-four patients with objective patellar dislocation were treated between 2004 and 2013. Three groups were analyzed retrospectively with a minimum follow-up of 24 months: (1) primary dislocation that was treated with medial reefing without a recurrent dislocation until the day of follow-up (n = 74), (2) primary dislocation that was initially treated with medial reefing but with a recurrent dislocation until the day of follow-up (n = 44), and (3) medial reefing after failed conservative treatment (n = 26). Sporting activity was assessed using a widely-used sporting activity questionnaire and the Tegner score prior to the injury and at the follow-up (58.7 ± 22.6 months after the injury). Clinical outcomes were assessed using IKDC and Kujala score. Results The Kujala score was 94.7 ± 9.3 for Group 1, 84.1 ± 16.6 for Group 2 and 93.4 ± 9.7 for Group 3. IKDC at the time of follow-up was 97.2 ± 9.3 for Group 1, 86.1 ± 14.6 for Group 2 and 95.1 ± 11.1 for Group 3. 91.9% of Group 1 and 92.3% of Group 3 were active in sports prior to their injuries and at the time of the follow-up. In Group 2, sporting activity reduced from 81.8 to 75.0%. In all groups, a shift from high performance to recreational sports was found. Conclusions Despite good clinical results, sporting activity was reduced following patellar dislocation treated with medial reefing. Also, a shift from engagement in high- to low-impact sports among the participants was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ihle
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Maurer
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - U Stöckle
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Ateschrang
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-D Ahrend
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstr. 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - S Schröter
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergerstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Boriani G, Wachter R, Yaghi S, Kamel H, Koehler JL, Sarkar S, Ziegler P. P6384High proportion of ischemic strokes may be due to low adherence to oral anticoagulation guidelines among patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke risk factors. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Boriani
- University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Cardiology, Modena, Italy
| | - R Wachter
- University of Leipzig, Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Yaghi
- Brown University, Neurology, Providence, United States of America
| | - H Kamel
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Neurology, New York, United States of America
| | - J L Koehler
- Medtronic, Mounds View, United States of America
| | - S Sarkar
- Medtronic, Mounds View, United States of America
| | - P Ziegler
- Medtronic, Mounds View, United States of America
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17
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Charitos E, Wilbring M, Ziegler P. Misclassification of Atrial Fibrillation and Implications for Clinical Studies and Patient Management: The Elephant in the Room? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Charitos
- Klinik für Herzchirurgie, University of Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Wilbring
- Klinik für Herzchirurgie, University of Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Yates P, Ziegler P, Welsford D, McIvor J, Farmer B, Woodcock E. Spatio-temporal dynamics in maturation and spawning of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Plateau. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:34-54. [PMID: 29314006 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated maturation and spawning of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) fishery on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean based on gonads and otoliths collected between 2004 and 2015 and using histological analyses and calibration of macroscopic staging criteria. Dissostichus eleginoides at HIMI spawn throughout the austral late autumn and winter months of May-August and spawning activity is concentrated on slopes along the west and south of the plateau around HIMI at depths of 1500-1900 m. Comparison between histological analyses and macroscopic gonad staging indicated that many fish that had spawned, as indicated by the presence of post-ovulatory follicles, returned to a resting stage which was macroscopically indistinguishable from maturing fish. Furthermore, the occurrence of females of all size classes with low gonado-somatic index and low macroscopic gonad stage during the spawning season suggested that a proportion of mature females did not spawn every year. Age-at-maturity estimates, based on the assumption that fish of macroscopic stages ≥2 were mature, decreased between the 2004-2009 and 2010-2015 periods for both sexes. The magnitude of this temporal variation in age at maturity, however, varied between gear types and fishing depths and variable sampling regimes probably influenced these variations. This study highlights the importance of correct interpretation of macroscopic gonad stages and understanding the influence of fishery operations on estimations of life-history parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yates
- Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - P Ziegler
- Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - D Welsford
- Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J McIvor
- Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - B Farmer
- Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
- University of Tasmania, Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - E Woodcock
- Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
- University of Tasmania, Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Steinberg J, Li S, Mattson H, Ziegler P. P4583Varying the definition of the minimal duration of atrial fibrillation has a substantial impact on the incidence of atrial fibrillation: results from a large device registry. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Charitos E, Treede H, Ziegler P. Temporal Variability of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence: Implications for Reclassification. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Charitos
- Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H. Treede
- Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - P. Ziegler
- Medtronic, Cardiac Rhythm Disease Management, Minneapolis, United States
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21
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Charitos E, Treede H, Ziegler P. Objective Measures of Atrial Fibrillation Persistence in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring Devices. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Charitos
- Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H. Treede
- Cardiac Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - P. Ziegler
- Medtronic, Cardiac Rhythm Disease Management, Minneapolis, United States
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22
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Pscherer S, Nüssler A, Bahrs C, Reumann M, Ihle C, Stöckle U, Ehnert S, Freude T, Ochs BG, Flesch I, Ziegler P. [Retrospective Analysis of Diabetics with Regard to Treatment Duration and Costs]. Z Orthop Unfall 2016; 155:72-76. [PMID: 27769089 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus is also reflected in the patient population of a trauma and orthopaedic centre. Diabetics also exhibit more comorbidities than non-diabetics. In addition to surgical problems in these patients, hospitalisation is often accompanied by complications, which can prolong treatment and increase costs. The aim of this retrospective study is to analyse hospitalisation of diabetics compared to non-diabetics, as well as differences in treatment costs, depending on associated age and comorbidities. Patients/Material and Methods: 17,185 patients were treated at a transregional trauma and orthopaedic centre and were included in this retrospective analysis between 2012 and 2015. Comorbidities and hospitalisation of diabetics and non-diabetics were recorded. All costs charged by DRG were evaluated to calculate the cost per day and per patient, on the basis of the specific case rate. In this calculation, patient-related case rates were divided by the average residence time and the means of the calculated daily rates were calculated. Inclusion criteria were treatment within the various departments and a minimum hospitalisation of one day. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program (version 22.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Results: In comparison to non-diabetics (ND), diabetics (D) exhibited significantly more comorbidities, including: obesity, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction (in the history), peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia. Pneumonia in hospital was considerably commoner in diabetics (2.45 % [D] vs. 1.02 % [ND], p < 0.001). Time in hospital was significantly longer in diabetics (endoprosthetics 13.52 days [D] vs. 12.54 days [ND], p < 0.001; septic surgery 18.62 days [D] vs. 16.31 days [ND], p = 0.007; traumatology 9.82 days [D] vs. 7.07 days [ND], p < 0.001). For patients aged under 60 years, time in hospital was significantly longer for diabetics than for non-diabetics (9.98 days [D] vs. 6.43 days [ND] p < 0.001). Because of the longer time in hospital, treatment costs were higher by € 1,932,929.42 during the investigated time period. Conclusion: Because of their comorbidities, diabetics need to be categorised at an early stage as high-risk patients in traumatological and orthopaedic departments. Hospitalisation and the associated increased treatment costs, as well as postoperative complications, could be minimised in patients with diabetes by implementing an interdisciplinary treatment concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pscherer
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - A Nüssler
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - C Bahrs
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - M Reumann
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - C Ihle
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - U Stöckle
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - S Ehnert
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - T Freude
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - B G Ochs
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - I Flesch
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - P Ziegler
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
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23
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Ziegler P, Kraus T. Accelerated telomere shortening in lymphocytes due to PCB mediated inhibition of telomerase gene expression. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ihle C, Bahrs C, Freude T, Bickel M, Spielhaupter I, Wintermeyer E, Stollhof L, Grünwald L, Ziegler P, Pscherer S, Stöckle U, Nussler A. [Malnutrition in Elderly Trauma Patients - Comparison of Two Assessment Tools]. Z Orthop Unfall 2016; 155:184-193. [PMID: 27685613 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalised patients is reported to be between 16 and 55 % across disciplines. Within hospital care, screening for malnutrition is required. However, in orthopaedics and trauma surgery, there is still no generally accepted recommendation for the methods for such a data survey. In the present study, the following aspects are to be investigated with the help of two established scores: (1) the prevalence of malnutrition in the patient population of geriatric trauma care, and (2) the correlation between methods of data survey. Material and Methods: Between June 2014 and June 2015, a consecutive series of hospitalised trauma patients were studied prospectively with two validated screening instruments to record nutritional status. The study was carried out at a municipal trauma surgery hospital, which is a first level interregional trauma centre as well as a university hospital. The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA Short and Long Form) were used. All patients were divided into three age groups: < 65 years, 65-80 years, and > 80 years. The prevalence of malnutrition in geriatric trauma patients and the correlation between the screening instruments were determined. For a better comparison, prescreening and main assessment were applied to all patients. For statistical evaluation, both quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters were used. Furthermore, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman's correlation analysis and the chi-square test were applied. These tests were two-sided and had a level of significance of 5 %. The present study was partially funded by the Oskar-Helene-Heim Foundation. Results: 521 patients (43.8 % women, 56.2 % men), with a mean age of 53.96 ± 18.13 years, were statistically evaluated within the present study. Depending on the method of the data survey, malnutrition (NRS≥3) in geriatric trauma patients varied from 31.3 % (65-80 years) to 60 % (> 80 years). With MNA, 28.8 and 54.3 % of patients were at risk of malnutrition (MNA 17-23.5), while the fractions of patients already suffering from malnutrition (MNA < 17) were 5.4 and 8.6 %, respectively. The correlation between the NRS and MNA total scores increases with the age of the patients. The correlation coefficient for patients under 65 years is r = - 0.380, while among patients aged between 65 and 80, it is r = - 0.481, and for patients over 80 years, there is a medium to strong correlation of r = - 0.638 (each with a Spearman correlation of p < 0.001). For the total population as well as the different age groups, statistically significant correlations were recorded between the categorised scores (chi-square test for linear trend, p < 0.001). Summary: The present study demonstrates high prevalence of malnutrition among the geriatric trauma patients. Because of its easy and rapid application, the NRS has an advantage in clinical use. It was shown that the two methods of data survey were highly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ihle
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - C Bahrs
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - T Freude
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - M Bickel
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - I Spielhaupter
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - E Wintermeyer
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - L Stollhof
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - L Grünwald
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - P Ziegler
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - S Pscherer
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - U Stöckle
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
| | - A Nussler
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen
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Hanke T, Stierle U, Graf B, Sievers HH, Ziegler P, Charitos E. The Temporal Atrial Fibrillation Pattern during the Blanking Period after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Is Associated with Later AF Recurrence. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hanke T, Stierle U, Graf B, Ziegler P, Sievers HH, Charitos E. Predictors of AF Recurrence after Surgical Ablation: Insights from Continuous Heart Rhythm Monitoring. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Charitos E, Treede H, Ziegler P. Forecasting Short-Term Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Based on Past Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Patterns. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wenn K, Tomala L, Wilop S, Vankann L, Hasenbank C, Frank O, Hochhaus A, Giles FJ, Lange T, Müller MC, Koschmieder S, Beier F, Ziegler P, Brümmendorf TH. Telomere length at diagnosis of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) identifies a subgroup with favourable prognostic parameters and molecular response according to the ELN criteria after 12 months of treatment with nilotinib. Leukemia 2015; 29:2402-4. [PMID: 26369986 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Wenn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Tomala
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Wilop
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Vankann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hasenbank
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - O Frank
- Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - A Hochhaus
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - F J Giles
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - T Lange
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M C Müller
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Ziegler P, Adelmann K, Zimmer S, Schmidt C, Appenroth KJ. Relative in vitro growth rates of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) - the most rapidly growing higher plants. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17 Suppl 1:33-41. [PMID: 24803032 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Relative growth rates (RGR), doubling times (DT) and relative weekly yields (RY) of 39 clones (ecotypes) from 13 species representing all five genera of duckweeds were determined under standardised cultivation conditions. RGR ranged overall from 0.153 to 0.519 day(-1) , DT from 1.34 to 4.54 days and RY from 2.9 to 37.8 week(-1) . The RGR and RY data can be compared directly to other published findings to only a limited extent on account of missing clonal designations for and limited accessibility to previously investigated clones, as well as the use of different data denominators. However, they are consistent with the published results of other comparative duckweed studies of similar scope in showing that RGR does not vary primarily at the level of the genus or species, but rather reflects the adaptation of individual clones to specific local conditions. The RGR data support the widely held assumption that duckweeds can grow faster than other higher plants and that they can thus surpass land-based agricultural crops in productivity. Duckweeds are highly promising for the production of biomass for nutrition and energy, but extensive clonal comparison will be required to identify the most suitable isolates for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ziegler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Weidner CI, Ziegler P, Hahn M, Brümmendorf TH, Ho AD, Dreger P, Wagner W. Epigenetic aging upon allogeneic transplantation: the hematopoietic niche does not affect age-associated DNA methylation. Leukemia 2014; 29:985-8. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Fußeder A, Ziegler P, Peters W, Beck E. Turnover of O-Glucosides of Dihydrozeatin and Dihydrozeatin-9-riboside During the Cell Growth Cycle of Photoautotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures ofChenopodium rubrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1989.tb00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hedrich R, Barbier-Brygoo H, Felle H, Flügge UI, Lüttge U, Maathuis FJM, Marx S, Prins HBA, Raschke K, Schnabl H, Schroeder JI, Struve I, Taiz L, Ziegler P. General Mechanisms for Solute Transport Across the Tonoplast of Plant Vacuoles: a Patch-Clamp Survey of Ion Channels and Proton Pumps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1988.tb00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Charitos E, Ziegler P, Stierle U, Graf B, Klotz S, Sievers HH, Hanke T. Atrial fibrillation burden estimates derived from intermittent rhythm monitoring should not be used for patient follow-up or as endpoints in clinical trials. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Charitos E, Pürerfellner H, Glotzer T, Ziegler P. How accurate does the clinical classification of atrial fibrillation severity reflect its temporal persistence: Insights from 1195 patients continuously monitored with implantable devices? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kren K, Moloney L, Ziegler P, Acosta A. 053 Implementing Nutrition Guidelines Through Practice Tools for Registered Dietitians. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Appenroth KJ, Palharini L, Ziegler P. Low-molecular weight carbohydrates modulate dormancy and are required for post-germination growth in turions of Spirodela polyrhiza. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15:284-291. [PMID: 22686442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza propagates itself vegetatively by forming turions - bud-like perennation organs - in the autumn, which spend the winter on the bottom of ponds and then germinate in the following spring and proliferate on the water surface. Newly formed turions usually require a period of cold after-ripening and light to germinate effectively, but an ample supply of exogenous sugar can lead to germination even in the dark and independent of after-ripening. The results of the present study indicate that the availability of readily metabolised carbohydrates is a determining factor for turion germination. Freshly harvested turions do not contain soluble, low-molecular weight carbohydrates at a level sufficient to allow germination to take place, but after-ripened turions do. Augmentation of the soluble carbohydrate content during after-ripening derives from gradual breakdown of reserve starch of the turions. The long time required for any germination to be observed in turions incubated in darkness and the limited frequency of germination in the dark (about 50% of turion population), even with an ample external sugar, supply emphasise that both after-ripening and light are essential for ensuring rapid germination and subsequent frond proliferation at an ecologically appropriate time. The carbohydrate supply required for rapid proliferation of the fronds produced at germination is provided by the rapid light-induced breakdown of turion reserve starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Appenroth
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, Jena, Germany.
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Charitos EI, Stierle U, Ziegler P, Baldewig M, Sievers HH, Hanke T. Intermittent rhythm monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation after ablation interventions: Gambling or science? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thomale UW, Knitter T, Schaumann A, Ahmadi SA, Ziegler P, Schulz M, Miethke C. Smartphone-assisted guide for the placement of ventricular catheters. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:131-9. [PMID: 23089936 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-012-1943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Freehand placement of ventricular catheters (VC) is reported to be inaccurate in 10-40 %. Endoscopy, ultrasound, or neuronavigation are used in selected cases with significant technical and time-consuming efforts. We suggest a smartphone-assisted guiding tool for the placement of VC. METHODS Measurements of relevant parameters in 3D-MRI datasets in a patient cohort with narrow ventricles for a frontal precoronal VC placement were performed. In this context, a guiding tool was developed to apply the respective measures for VC placement. The guiding tool was tested in a phantom followed by CT imaging to quantify placement precision. A smartphone application was designed to assist the relevant measurements. The guide was applied in 35 patients for VC placement. RESULTS MRI measurements revealed the rectangular approach in the sagittal plane and the individual angle towards the tangent in the coronal section as relevant parameter for a frontal approach. The latter angle ranged from medial (91.96° ± 2.75°) to lateral margins (99.56° ± 4.14°) of the ventricle, which was similar in laterally shifted (±5 mm) entry points. The subsequently developed guiding tool revealed precision measurements in an agarose model with 1.1° ± 0.7° angle deviation. Using the smartphone-assisted guide in patients with narrow ventricles (frontal occipital horn ratio, 0.38 ± 0.05), a primary puncture of the ventricles was possible in all cases. No VC failure was observed during follow-up (9.1 ± 5.3 months). CONCLUSIONS VC placement in narrow ventricles requires accurate placement with simple means in an every-case routine. The suggested smartphone-assisted guide meets these criteria. Further data are planned to be collected in a prospective randomized study.
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Affiliation(s)
- U W Thomale
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Ziegler P, Teller S, Ha NH, Giese B, Fraunholz M, Walther R. Phosphoproteomic identification of a PDX-1/14-3-3ε interaction in pancreatic beta cells. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:165-70. [PMID: 21287435 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent activation of the homeodomain transcription factor PDX-1 leads to its phosphorylation, to an increase in DNA binding capacity, and to NLS dependent translocation into the nucleus. To uncover unknown mediators of PDX-1 activation, PDX-1 interacting proteins were analysed by pull-down from (32)P-labelled, glucose-stimulated MIN6 cells. Recovered proteins were analysed by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We identified 14-3-3ε as a novel PDX-1 binding protein and confirmed the interaction in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis. We propose that 14-3-3ε interacts directly with PDX-1 to regulate its cellular distribution in pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ziegler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Ziegler P, Eberhard P. Investigation of Gears Using an Elastic Multibody Model with Contact. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9971-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Samadder SR, Ziegler P, Murphy TM, Holden NM. Spatial distribution of risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. transport in an Irish catchment. Water Environ Res 2010; 82:750-758. [PMID: 20853754 DOI: 10.2175/106143010x12609736966649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. has become a major public health concern in many parts of the globe, including Ireland, as a result of recent reported waterborne outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis. Continuous monitoring of Cryptosporidium spp. in water supplies is not feasible, so a risk-forecasting approach is required. This study reports a globally applicable approach for evaluating the spatial variation in relative risk of contaminating surface water by Cryptosporidium spp. based on a risk potential index (RPI) as an indicator of the potential pollution of surface water. The RPI is predicted by readily available data on land use, rainfall, soil type, slope, soil moisture deficit, and distance from water course. A small catchment in County Meath, Ireland, was chosen to illustrate the analysis of the approach. Data for the study area were digitized and rectified using surveyed ground control points to capture each of the RPI factors, field boundaries, and land use. The six parameters were classified and assigned a relative risk score out of 5. A Geographic Information Systems overlay analysis then was used to calculate a cumulative relative risk score for each month of the year. The analysis indicated that April and June experienced a relatively low risk of Cryptosporidium spp. transport compared with other months of the year. June had the least risk, because more than 98% of the catchment was estimated to be of low or moderate risk (RPI ranges = 0 to 2). December had the highest risk of Cryptosporidium spp. transport, because approximately 20% of the catchment area had a moderately high to very high risk (RPI ranges = 2 to 5). The study also made an attempt to reduce the risk of contaminating surface water by alternative land-use practice and relocating the field boundaries. The study demonstrated a semi-quantitative and readily implemented method for using spatial risk assessment for planning land management to reduce the risk of surface water contamination by Cryptosporidium spp. from agricultural sources. The approach could be used in any catchment with similar hydrological characteristics subject to a surface water pathogen contamination risk from grazing livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Samadder
- UCD Bioresources Research Centre/Biosystems Engineering, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Diehl SJ, Jochum S, Gerblich FM, Huck K, Ziegler P, Schönberg S, Sadick M. Behandlung arteriosklerotischer Läsionen mittels EVERFLEX-Stents: Mittelfristige Ergebnisse. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brockmann C, Jochum S, Huck K, Ziegler P, Sadick M, Fink C, Schoenberg SO, Diehl S. Dual energy CT Angiographie der Becken Bein Region bei peripherer Verschlusskrankheit. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soria NM, Tussiwand R, Ziegler P, Manz MG, Heidenreich O. Transient depletion of RUNX1/RUNX1T1 by RNA interference delays tumour formation in vivo. Leukemia 2008; 23:188-90. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Baenziger S, Ziegler P, Mazzucchelli L, Bronz L, Speck RF, Manz MG. Human T cell development and HIV infection in human hemato-lymphoid system mice. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 324:125-31. [PMID: 18481457 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75647-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in generation of mice that on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell transplantation develop and maintain human hemato-lymphoid cells have fueled an already thriving field of research. We focus here on human T cell development and HIV infection in Rag2 -/- gamma(c) -/- mice transplanted as newborns with human CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baenziger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Abstract Bi5NO10, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 8.5846(6) Å, b = 23.385(2) Å, c = 5.5422(4) Å, β = 108.103(8)°, V = 1057.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.029, wRref(F2) = 0.074, T = 210 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ziegler
- 1Universität Tübingen, Abteilung für Festkörperchemie und Theoretische Anorganische Chemie, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Ströbele
- 1Universität Tübingen, Abteilung für Festkörperchemie und Theoretische Anorganische Chemie, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H.-J. Meyer
- 1Universität Tübingen, Abteilung für Festkörperchemie und Theoretische Anorganische Chemie, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ziegler P, Ströbele M, Meyer HJ. Crystal structure of pentabismuth heptaoxide nitrate, Bi5O7NO3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2004. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2004.219.14.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Skinner JD, Bounds W, Carruth BR, Morris M, Ziegler P. Predictors of children's body mass index: a longitudinal study of diet and growth in children aged 2–8 y. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:476-82. [PMID: 14993908 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify longitudinal variables related to children's body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) at age 8 y. DESIGN A longitudinal design, with nine interviews per child from ages 2 to 8 y. SUBJECTS In all, 70 white children (37 males, 33 females) who were continuous participants since infancy in the longitudinal study. Families were primarily middle and upper socioeconomic status. MEASUREMENTS At each interview, children's height and weight were measured, and mothers provided 3 days of the child's intake data (a 24-h recall and 2 days of food records). ANALYSES Analyses used were means+/-s.d., correlations, repeated measures analysis of variance, and forward stepwise regression. BMI at each interview was calculated and age of adiposity rebound was determined. RESULTS Children's BMI at 8 y was negatively predicted by age of adiposity rebound and positively predicted by their BMI at 2 y. Additionally, each model included one longitudinal dietary variable; mean protein and fat intakes recorded between 2 and 8 y were positive predictors of BMI at 8 y; mean carbohydrate intake over the same time period was negatively related to BMI at 8 y. R(2) values indicated that these three-variable models predicted 41-43% of the variability in BMI among children. BMI of 23% of the children exceeded the 85th CDC percentile. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that factors in early life are associated with children's BMI at age 8 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Skinner
- Nutrition Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA.
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