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Liu J, MacNaughtan J, Kerbert AJC, Portlock T, Martínez Gonzalez J, Jin Y, Clasen F, Habtesion A, Ji H, Jin Q, Phillips A, De Chiara F, Ingavle G, Jimenez C, Zaccherini G, Husi K, Rodriguez Gandia MA, Cordero P, Soeda J, McConaghy L, Oben J, Church K, Li JV, Wu H, Jalan A, Gines P, Solà E, Eaton S, Morgan C, Kowalski M, Green D, Gander A, Edwards LA, Cox IJ, Cortez-Pinto H, Avery T, Wiest R, Durand F, Caraceni P, Elosua R, Vila J, Pavesi M, Arroyo V, Davies N, Mookerjee RP, Vargas V, Sandeman S, Mehta G, Shoaie S, Marchesi J, Albillos A, Andreola F, Jalan R. Clinical, experimental and pathophysiological effects of Yaq-001: a non-absorbable, gut-restricted adsorbent in models and patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-330699. [PMID: 38621924 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Targeting bacterial translocation in cirrhosis is limited to antibiotics with risk of antimicrobial resistance. This study explored the therapeutic potential of a non-absorbable, gut-restricted, engineered carbon bead adsorbent, Yaq-001 in models of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and, its safety and tolerability in a clinical trial in cirrhosis. DESIGN Performance of Yaq-001 was evaluated in vitro. Two-rat models of cirrhosis and ACLF, (4 weeks, bile duct ligation with or without lipopolysaccharide), receiving Yaq-001 for 2 weeks; and two-mouse models of cirrhosis (6-week and 12-week carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)) receiving Yaq-001 for 6 weeks were studied. Organ and immune function, gut permeability, transcriptomics, microbiome composition and metabolomics were analysed. The effect of faecal water on gut permeability from animal models was evaluated on intestinal organoids. A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 28 patients with cirrhosis, administered 4 gr/day Yaq-001 for 3 months was performed. RESULTS Yaq-001 exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics for endotoxin. In vivo, Yaq-001 reduced liver injury, progression of fibrosis, portal hypertension, renal dysfunction and mortality of ACLF animals significantly. Significant impact on severity of endotoxaemia, hyperammonaemia, liver cell death, systemic inflammation and organ transcriptomics with variable modulation of inflammation, cell death and senescence in the liver, kidneys, brain and colon was observed. Yaq-001 reduced gut permeability in the organoids and impacted positively on the microbiome composition and metabolism. Yaq-001 regulated as a device met its primary endpoint of safety and tolerability in the clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong preclinical rationale and safety in patients with cirrhosis to allow clinical translation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03202498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Liu
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jane MacNaughtan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Annarein J C Kerbert
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Theo Portlock
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Martínez Gonzalez
- Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBEREHD, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yi Jin
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frederick Clasen
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abeba Habtesion
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Huoyan Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Alexandra Phillips
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesco De Chiara
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ganesh Ingavle
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Cesar Jimenez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giacomo Zaccherini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related Diseases, University of Bologna Hospital of Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katherine Husi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Cordero
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Junpei Soeda
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lynda McConaghy
- Yaqrit Discovery Limited. The Elms Courtyard, Bromesberrow, Ledbury, UK
| | - Jude Oben
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karen Church
- Yaqrit Discovery Limited. The Elms Courtyard, Bromesberrow, Ledbury, UK
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Pere Gines
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elsa Solà
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon Eaton
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carrie Morgan
- Yaqrit Discovery Limited. The Elms Courtyard, Bromesberrow, Ledbury, UK
| | - Michal Kowalski
- Yaqrit Discovery Limited. The Elms Courtyard, Bromesberrow, Ledbury, UK
| | - Daniel Green
- Yaqrit Discovery Limited. The Elms Courtyard, Bromesberrow, Ledbury, UK
| | - Amir Gander
- Tissue Access for Patient Benefit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsey A Edwards
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Jane Cox
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Reiner Wiest
- UVCM Gastroenterology, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francois Durand
- Hepatology and Liver Intensive Care, Hospital Beaujon, Clichy, University paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol Related Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Pavesi
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathan Davies
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Victor Vargas
- Liver Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Sandeman
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Gautam Mehta
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fausto Andreola
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, London, UK
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
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Flythe JE, Karlsson N, Sundgren A, Cordero P, Grandinetti A, Cremisi H, Rydén A. Development of a preliminary conceptual model of the patient experience of chronic kidney disease: a targeted literature review and analysis. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:233. [PMID: 34162354 PMCID: PMC8220773 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments should capture the experiences of disease and treatment that patients consider most important in order to inform patient-centred care and product development. The aim of this study was to develop a preliminary conceptual model of patient experience in chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on a targeted literature review and to characterize existing PRO instruments used in CKD. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases and recent society meetings were searched for publications reporting signs/symptoms and life impacts of CKD. Concepts identified in the literature review were used to develop a preliminary conceptual model of patient experience of CKD, overall, and within patient subpopulations of differing CKD causes, severities and complications. PRO instruments, identified from PRO databases, CKD literature and CKD clinical trials, were assessed for content validity, psychometric strength and coverage of concepts in the literature review. Results In total, 100 publications met criteria for analysis; 56 signs/symptoms and 37 life impacts of CKD were identified from these sources. The most frequently mentioned signs/symptoms were pain/discomfort (57% of publications) and tiredness/low energy/lethargy/fatigue (42%); the most commonly reported life impacts were anxiety/depression (49%) and decrements in physical functioning (43%). Signs/symptoms and life impacts varied across the subpopulations and were more frequent at advanced CKD stages. The preliminary conceptual model grouped signs/symptoms into seven domains (pain/discomfort; energy/fatigue; sleep-related; gastrointestinal-related; urinary-related; skin−/hair−/nails-related; and other) and life impacts into six domains (psychological/emotional strain; cognitive impairment; dietary habit disruption; physical function decrements; interference with social relationships; and other). Eleven PRO instruments were considered to be promising for use in CKD; all had limitations. Conclusions Although preliminary, the proposed conceptual model highlights key PROs for people with CKD and is intended to spur development of more tailored PRO instruments to assess these concepts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02440-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Flythe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 7024 Burnett-Womack CB #7155, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Anna Sundgren
- Cardiovascular Renal & Metabolic late stage development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Cremisi
- US Medical Affairs, Renal, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Anna Rydén
- R&D Digital Health, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Valdivielso-Ramos M, Martin-Santiago A, Azaña JM, Hernández-Nuñez A, Vera A, Perez B, Tercedor J, Feito M, Vicente A, Prat C, Lopez-Gutierrez JC, Garnacho G, Baselga E, Roe E, Palencia S, Cordero P, Moreno R, Agudo A, de la Cueva P, Torrelo A. Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: a multicentre study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:300-305. [PMID: 32840927 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a rare syndrome with characteristic skin lesions that are associated with fast-flow vascular malformations (FFVMs) in one-third of patients. Few case series have been described, and none in Spain. AIM To identify the prevalence of dermatological parameters, FFVMs and associated features in a large series of patients with CM-AVM. METHODS We conducted an observational study of patients with CM-AVM syndrome diagnosed in 15 Spanish hospitals over 3 years. The main clinical, radiological, genetic findings and associated diseases were analysed. RESULTS In total, 64 patients were assessed. In 26.5% of cases, the diagnosis was incidental. In 75% of patients, there was one significantly larger macule, which we termed the 'herald patch'. FFVMs were detected in 34% of the patients, with 30% located on the skin, 7.8% in the brain and in 1.5% in the spine. There was a positive family history in 65% of the 64 patients. Genetic analysis was performed for RASA1 mutations in 57 patients, of whom 42 (73%) had a positive result. All 4 patients tested for EPHB4 mutations had a positive result. No tumour lesions were detected in the series, except for five infantile haemangiomas. CONCLUSIONS Our data on clinical lesions, associated FFVM, family history and genetics are similar to those previously published in the literature. An extensive data analysis failed to demonstrate any statistically significant association between the presence of an FFVM and any clinical, familial or genetic parameter that could predict its onset, although a link between the presence of a herald patch on the midline face and the presence of a brain FFVM was observed. We did not detect any genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J M Azaña
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - A Vera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Málaga, Spain
| | - B Perez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tercedor
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - M Feito
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Vicente
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Prat
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - G Garnacho
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital San Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Roe
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital San Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Palencia
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Cordero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Moreno
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Agudo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain
| | - P de la Cueva
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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Cordero P, De los Reyes M, Parraguez VH, Varas-Godoy M, Torres C, Peralta O. 206 Overexpression of germ cell genes DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE in bovine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for male germ cell derivation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invitro gamete derivation from stem cells has potential applications as an alternative method for dissemination of elite animal genetics, production of transgenic animals, and conservation of endangered species. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be suitable candidates for invitro gamete derivation given their differentiation capacity and their potential for cell therapy. DAZL (deleted in azoospermia-like) and BOULE (also called BOLL) encode RNA-binding proteins that control differentiation of germ cells; STRA8 (stimulated by RA-8) encodes a protein required for meiosis. Considering the crucial roles of these factors, the aim of the present study was to evaluate co-overexpression of different combinations of DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE on germ cell gene expression profile in adipose tissue-derived MSC (AT-MSC). AT-MSC were harvested from abattoir-derived male bovine fetuses (n=9; 7-8 months of gestation). The optimal concentration of Lipofectamine 2000 (1, 1.5, 2, 1.5ng µL−1; Invitrogen) was analysed in AT-MSC transfected with plasmid pSIN-EF2-Puro containing DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE coding sequences (pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-STRA8-T2A-BOULE-Puro). Then, AT-MSC were transfected either with plasmids containing DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE genes (pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-STRA8-T2A-BOULE-Puro), DAZL and BOULE genes (pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-STRA8-T2A-Puro), DAZL (pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-T2A-Puro), or empty plasmid at a concentration of 1ng µL−1 of Lipofectamine. Cell samples were obtained from each plasmid treatment and analysed for expression of housekeeping genes ACTB and GAPDH and germ cell genes DAZL, PIWIl2, STRA8, and BOULE by quantitative-PCR using relative values (Quantity) through the ΔΔCT formula. AT-MSC transfected with pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-STRA8-T2A-BOULE-Puro using 1ng µL−1 of Lipofectamine achieved higher (P<0.05) expression of DAZL (13.3-fold) compared with cells transfected with empty vector. Moreover, AT-MSC transfected with pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-STRA8-T2A-BOULE-Puro had higher (P<0.05) levels of DAZL mRNA (3.8-fold) compared with empty vector. Messenger RNA levels of STRA8 (1.4-fold) were only detected in AT-MSC transfected with pSIN-EF2-DAZL-P2A-STRA8-T2A-Puro; PIWIl2 and BOULE were not detected in transfected or untransfected AT-MSC. In conclusion, bovine fetal AT-MSC are amenable for overexpression of germ cell markers DAZL and STRA8. Transfection with plasmid containing three germ cell genes (DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE) allowed overexpression of DAZL, whereas transfection with plasmid containing two germ cell genes (DAZL and STRA8) achieved overexpression of STRA8.
This study was supported by Fondecyt grant 1191114, Government of Chile.
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Estébanez A, Silva E, Cordero P, Martín J. Heparin-Induced Skin Necrosis Occurring at a Distance From Injection Sites. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Obesity is the pandemic of the 21st century. Obesity comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance define metabolic syndrome, which increases mortality risk and decreases the quality of life. Compared with lifestyles (diet and physical activity) and pharmacological interventions, bariatric surgery is by far the most effective treatment for obesity and its comorbidities. This minimally invasive surgical treatment is based on an increase of satiety (by hormonal regulation and decreasing stomach volume) or a decrease in nutrient retention (gastric and/or intestinal resection). Bariatric surgery has widely demonstrated a beneficial effect on excess body weight loss, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or glucose homeostasis, among other obesity-related metabolic diseases. This review describes current efforts for the implementation of bariatric surgery in metabolic syndrome, which are mainly focused on the formulation of key definition criteria for targeting the most suitable population for this therapeutic approach. Patients should undergo appropriate nutritional and psychological follow up in order to achieve and maintain weight loss milestones and a healthy metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- JA Oben, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Estébanez A, Silva E, Cordero P, Martín JM. Heparin-Induced Skin Necrosis Occurring at a Distance From Injection Sites. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2019; 110:869-871. [PMID: 31151665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Estébanez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España.
| | - E Silva
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
| | - P Cordero
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
| | - J M Martín
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
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Szanto KB, Li J, Cordero P, Oben JA. Ethnic differences and heterogeneity in genetic and metabolic makeup contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:357-367. [PMID: 30936733 PMCID: PMC6430068 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s182331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in the 21st century, associated with triglyceride deposition in hepatocytes leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is now present in around a third of the world's population. Epidemiological studies have concluded that ethnicity plays a role in complications and treatment response. However, definitive correlations of ethnicity with NAFLD are thoroughly under-reported. A comprehensive review was conducted on ethnic variation in NAFLD patients and its potential role as a crucial effector in complications and treatment response. The highest NAFLD prevalence is observed in Hispanic populations, exhibiting a worse disease progression. In contrast, African-Caribbeans exhibit the lowest risk, with less severe steatosis and inflammation, lower levels of triglycerides, and less metabolic derangement, but conversely higher prevalence of insulin resistance. The prevalence of NAFLD in Asian cohorts is under-reported, although reaching epidemic proportions in these populations. The most well-documented NAFLD patient population is that of Caucasian ethnicity, especially from the US. The relative paucity of available literature suggests there is a vital need for more large-scale multi-ethnic clinical cohort studies to determine the incidence of NAFLD within ethnic groups. This would improve therapy and drug development, as well as help identify candidate gene mutations which may differ within the population based on ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina B Szanto
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK,
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Velasco R, Cordero P, Andrade V, Martín JM, Smith V, Ramón MD, Monteagudo C. Painful papule on the right arm of a woman. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:661-663. [PMID: 30362141 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Cordero
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Andrade
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Martín
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M D Ramón
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Oben JA, Cordero P. Author'S Reply. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/147827151804800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London
| | - Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London
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Varela-Castillo O, Cordero P, Gutiérrez-Iglesias G, Palma I, Rubio-Gayosso I, Meaney E, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Villarreal F, Ceballos G, Nájera N. Characterization of the cytotoxic effects of the combination of cisplatin and flavanol (-)-epicatechin on human lung cancer cell line A549. An isobolographic approach. Exp Oncol 2018; 40:19-23. [PMID: 29600977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among malignancies, lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Platinum-based therapeutic compounds used to treat lung cancer have not been able to increase the survival of patients and such compounds have a high incidence of adverse and toxic effects. It has been proposed that flavonoids such as catechins may significantly reduce the risk of developing cancer, alongside with other health benefits. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of (-)-epicatechin, the main flavanol found in cocoa, on the proliferation of the lung non-small cell adenocarcinoma cancer cell line A549, and to determine its effects when added simultaneously with cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Concentration-response curves for cisplatin and epicatechin were obtained, inhibitory concentrations calculated and an isobolographic analysis was then performed. RESULTS We found that epicatechin has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on proliferation of tumor cells and the isobolographic analysis reveals that the effect of its combination with cisplatin is synergistic. It was also observed that epicatechin promotes cell death by apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Epicatechin might be considered for future studies to explore its possible use as coadjuvant in cisplatin-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Varela-Castillo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - P Cordero
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - G Gutiérrez-Iglesias
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - I Palma
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - I Rubio-Gayosso
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - E Meaney
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - I Ramirez-Sanchez
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
| | - F Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - N Nájera
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México D.F. CP11340, México
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12
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Cordero P, Li J, Nguyen V, Pombo J, Maicas N, Novelli M, Taylor PD, Samuelsson AM, Vinciguerra M, Oben JA. Developmental Programming of Obesity and Liver Metabolism by Maternal Perinatal Nutrition Involves the Melanocortin System. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1041. [PMID: 28930194 PMCID: PMC5622801 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity predisposes offspring to metabolic dysfunction and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r)-deficient mouse models exhibit obesity during adulthood. Here, we aim to determine the influence of the Mc4r gene on the liver of mice subjected to perinatal diet-induced obesity. Female mice heterozygous for Mc4r fed an obesogenic or a control diet for 5 weeks were mated with heterozygous males, with the same diet continued throughout pregnancy and lactation, generating four offspring groups: control wild type (C_wt), control knockout (C_KO), obese wild type (Ob_wt), and obese knockout (Ob_KO). At 21 days, offspring were genotyped, weaned onto a control diet, and sacrificed at 6 months old. Offspring phenotypic characteristics, plasma biochemical profile, liver histology, and hepatic gene expression were analyzed. Mc4r_ko offspring showed higher body, liver and adipose tissue weights respect to the wild type animals. Histological examination showed mild hepatic steatosis in offspring group C_KO. The expression of hepatic genes involved in regulating inflammation, fibrosis, and immune cell infiltration were upregulated by the absence of the Mc4r gene. These results demonstrate that maternal obesogenic feeding during the perinatal period programs offspring obesity development with involvement of the Mc4r system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Joaquim Pombo
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Nuria Maicas
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Marco Novelli
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
| | - Paul D Taylor
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Anne-Maj Samuelsson
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), Brno 65691, Czech Republic.
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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13
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Soeda J, Cordero P, Li J, Mouralidarane A, Asilmaz E, Ray S, Nguyen V, Carter R, Novelli M, Vinciguerra M, Poston L, Taylor PD, Oben JA. Hepatic rhythmicity of endoplasmic reticulum stress is disrupted in perinatal and adult mice models of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:455-466. [PMID: 27899042 PMCID: PMC5399811 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1261086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the regulation of hepatic ER stress in healthy liver and adult or perinatally programmed diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Female mice were fed either obesogenic or control diet before mating, during pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, offspring from each maternal group were divided into either obesogenic or control diet. At six months, offspring were sacrificed at 4-h intervals over 24 h. Offspring fed obesogenic diets developed NAFLD phenotype, and the combination of maternal and offspring obesogenic diets exacerbated this phenotype. UPR signalling pathways (IREα, PERK, ATF6) and their downstream regulators showed different basal rhythmicity, which was modified in offspring exposed to obesogenic diet and maternal programming. The double obesogenic hit increased liver apoptosis measured by TUNEL staining, active caspase-3 and phospho-JNK and GRP78 promoter methylation levels. This study demonstrates that hepatic UPR is rhythmically activated. The combination of maternal obesity (MO) and obesogenic diets in offspring triggered altered UPR rhythmicity, DNA methylation and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Soeda
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Paul Cordero
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Jiawei Li
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | | | - Esra Asilmaz
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Shuvra Ray
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Vi Nguyen
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Rebeca Carter
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK
| | - Marco Novelli
- b Department of Pathology , University College London , London , UK
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK.,c Fondazione Italiana Fegato , Area Science Park , Basovizza , Trieste , Italy.,d Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lucilla Poston
- e Division of Women's Health , King's College London , London , UK
| | - Paul D Taylor
- e Division of Women's Health , King's College London , London , UK
| | - Jude A Oben
- a Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London , London , UK.,f Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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14
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Pastor L, Vettorazzi A, Campión J, Cordero P, López de Cerain A. Gene expression kinetics of renal transporters induced by ochratoxin A in male and female F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:169-178. [PMID: 27771458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that contaminates foodstuffs. The most relevant concern is its high kidney carcinogenicity in male rats and its unclear mechanism of action. It has been hypothesized that variations in transport mechanisms in kidney cells may be the reason of different sex-dependent sensitivities towards OTA. The aim of this study was to analyze, by RT- qPCR, renal transporters expression in 15-week-old male (M) and female (F) F344 rats at basal level and after single oral OTA administration (0.50 mg/kg bw). Temporal profiles (24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 1 and 2 months) were studied per sex and transporter. The reference gene for all comparisons was Ppia. At basal level, sex differences were confirmed for Oatp1, Bcrp (M>F) and Oat2 (F>M). OTA tended to inhibit the expression of almost all transporters in both sexes, but clearly induced the expression of Oat2 in males. Regarding time profiles, the highest sex differences involved Oat (Slc22) transporters: Oat2, Oat3 and Oat5 expression showed a significant increase in males (24h) while Oat1, Oat2 and Oat5 level decreased in females (48h). Overall, basal sex differences in F344 rats and the specific sex-dependent response to OTA of Oat2 might contribute to high kidney damage in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pastor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Campión
- Department of Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Current address: Making Genetics SL, Plaza CEIN 5, 31110 Noain, Spain.
| | - Paul Cordero
- Department of Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Current address: Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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15
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Carmona I, Cordero P, Ampuero J, Rojas A, Romero-Gómez M. Role of assessing liver fibrosis in management of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:839-845. [PMID: 27677698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis progression is common in hepatitis C. Both host and viral factors influence its natural history. Liver fibrosis is a key predictive factor for advanced disease including endpoints such as liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METAVIR fibrosis stages F3-F4 have been considered as the threshold for antiviral therapy. However, this aspect is controversial after the advent of new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) because they show an excellent efficacy and safety profile. Moreover, in the DAA era, fibrosis stage seems not to be a predictive factor of a sustained virological response (SVR). Viral eradication decreases liver damage by improving the inflammation, as well as by regressing fibrosis irrespective of the treatment regimen. Non-invasive methods are useful in the assessment of liver fibrosis, replacing liver biopsy in clinical practice; but their usefulness for monitoring fibrosis after SVR needs to be demonstrated. Fibrosis regression has been demonstrated after the eradication of hepatitis C virus infection and is associated with a lower risk of hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, patients showing advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis must be followed-up after SVR, as risks of portal hypertension and HCC remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carmona
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio-Virgen Macarena University Hospitals, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Cordero
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio-Virgen Macarena University Hospitals, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Ampuero
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio-Virgen Macarena University Hospitals, Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Rojas
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio-Virgen Macarena University Hospitals, Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Romero-Gómez
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen del Rocio-Virgen Macarena University Hospitals, Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.
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16
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Crichigno S, Cordero P, Blasetti G, Cussac V. Dispersion of the invasive common carp Cyprinus carpio in southern South America: changes and expectations, westward and southward. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:403-416. [PMID: 27095064 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Common carp Cyprinus carpio possess multiple traits that contribute to their success as an invasive species. They have been introduced across the globe, and abundant populations can have numerous negative effects. Although ecological niche-based modelling techniques have been used to predict the potential range of C. carpio invasion in U.S.A., occurrence and abundance patterns have not yet been considered on a regional scale. In the present review new locations are documented, the status of the southernmost population has been studied and the probability of new lakes and reservoirs being colonized by C. carpio has been obtained and related to environmental conditions. The new localities for C. carpio have expanded its distribution westward, into the Andean Region, and present results from the South American southernmost population have shown a well-established population. Analysis of presence data provided two principal results: (1) the probability of a site being with C. carpio can be inferred using environmental variables and (2) the probability of a site being with C. carpio is a useful tool for the prediction of future invasions. Selective fishing on the Negro basin could constitute a potential mitigation measure, decreasing the abundance of the species and thus reducing the species' potential for southward expansion. These results reinforce the idea that artisanal fisheries, food production and conservation interests should be taken into account by local government management agencies in any discussion regarding the southern distribution of C. carpio in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Crichigno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCO) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - P Cordero
- Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de las Cuencas de los Ríos Limay, Neuquén y Negro (AIC), 9 de Julio 496, Cipolletti, R8324BHJ, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - G Blasetti
- Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de las Cuencas de los Ríos Limay, Neuquén y Negro (AIC), 9 de Julio 496, Cipolletti, R8324BHJ, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - V Cussac
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCO) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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17
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Li J, Cordero P, Nguyen V, Oben JA. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Integr Med Insights 2016; 11:19-25. [PMID: 27147819 PMCID: PMC4849418 DOI: 10.4137/imi.s31451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising rapidly in parallel with obesity rates. The underlying pathogenesis of NAFLD remains an enigma but is largely influenced by individual lifestyle choices involving diet and exercise. Therefore, studies have highlighted the importance of calorie reduction and macronutrient composition (eg, carbohydrate and fat) in modifying disease outcomes. Micronutrients are also believed to play a role in disease progression. There are now an increasing number of studies linking vitamins with NAFLD, particularly vitamin E, and the supplementation of several different vitamins has been demonstrated as a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of NAFLD. This review provides a broad overview of the potential role of vitamins in NAFLD development and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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18
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Soeda J, Mouralidarane A, Cordero P, Li J, Nguyen V, Carter R, Kapur SR, Pombo J, Poston L, Taylor PD, Vinciguerra M, Oben JA. Maternal obesity alters endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in offspring pancreas. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:281-91. [PMID: 26979740 PMCID: PMC4873529 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) is increasing in parallel with obesity rates. Stress-related alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), are associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate ER imbalance in the pancreas of a mice model of adult and perinatal diet-induced obesity. Twenty female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to control (Con) or obesogenic (Ob) diets prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. Their offspring were weaned onto Con or Ob diets up to 6 months post-partum. Then, after sacrifice, plasma biochemical analyses, gene expression, and protein concentrations were measured in pancreata. Offspring of Ob-fed mice had significantly increased body weight (p < 0.001) and plasma leptin (p < 0.001) and decreased insulin (p < 0.01) levels. Maternal obesogenic diet decreased the total and phosphorylated Eif2α and increased spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Pancreatic gene expression of downstream regulators of UPR (EDEM, homocysteine-responsive endoplasmic reticulum-resident (HERP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)) and autophagy-related proteins (LC3BI/LC3BII) were differently disrupted by obesogenic feeding in both mothers and offspring (from p < 0.1 to p < 0.001). Maternal obesity and Ob feeding in their offspring alter UPR in NAFPD, with involvement of proapoptotic and autophagy-related markers. Upstream and downstream regulators of PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6 pathways were affected differently following the obesogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Soeda
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebeca Carter
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sabrina R Kapur
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Pombo
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul D Taylor
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Centro Studi Fegato (CSF)-Liver Research Center, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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19
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Morgan ML, Sigala B, Soeda J, Cordero P, Nguyen V, McKee C, Mouraliderane A, Vinciguerra M, Oben JA. Acetylcholine induces fibrogenic effects via M2/M3 acetylcholine receptors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and in primary human hepatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:475-83. [PMID: 26270240 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), via neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), modulates fibrogenesis in animal models. However, the role of ACh in human hepatic fibrogenesis is unclear. AIMS We aimed to determine the fibrogenic responses of human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) to ACh and the relevance of the PNS in hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Primary hHSC were analyzed for synthesis of endogenous ACh and acetylcholinesterase and gene expression of choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR). Cell proliferation and fibrogenic markers were analyzed in hHSC exposed to ACh, atropine, mecamylamine, methoctramine, and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide. mAChR expression was analyzed in human NASH scored for fibrosis. RESULTS We observed that hHSC synthesize ACh and acetylcholinesterase and express choline acetyltransferase and M1-M5 mAChR. We also show that M2 was increased during NASH progression, while both M2 and M3 were found upregulated in activated hHSC. Furthermore, endogenous ACh is required for hHSC basal growth. Exogenous ACh resulted in hHSC hyperproliferation via mAChR and phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) signaling pathways, as well as increased fibrogenic markers. CONCLUSION We show that ACh regulates hHSC activation via M2 and M3 mAChR involving the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and MEK pathways in vitro. Finally, we provide evidence that the PNS may be involved in human NASH fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelle L Morgan
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Barbara Sigala
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Junpei Soeda
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Cordero
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vi Nguyen
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chad McKee
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Angelina Mouraliderane
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jude A Oben
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
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20
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Mouralidarane A, Soeda J, Sugden D, Bocianowska A, Carter R, Ray S, Saraswati R, Cordero P, Novelli M, Fusai G, Vinciguerra M, Poston L, Taylor PD, Oben JA. Maternal obesity programs offspring non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through disruption of 24-h rhythms in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1339-48. [PMID: 25971926 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity increases offspring propensity to metabolic dysfunctions and to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer. The circadian clock is a transcriptional/epigenetic molecular machinery synchronising physiological processes to coordinate energy utilisation within a 24-h light/dark period. Alterations in rhythmicity have profound effects on metabolic pathways, which we sought to investigate in offspring with programmed NAFLD. METHODS Mice were fed a standard or an obesogenic diet (OD), before and throughout pregnancy, and during lactation. Offspring were weaned onto standard or an OD at 3 weeks postpartum and housed in 12:12 light/dark conditions. Biochemical and histological indicators of NAFLD and fibrosis, analysis of canonical clock genes with methylation status and locomotor activity were investigated at 6 months. RESULTS We show that maternal obesity interacts with an obesogenic post-weaning diet to promote the development of NAFLD with disruption of canonical metabolic rhythmicity gene expression in the liver. We demonstrate hypermethylation of BMAL-1 (brain and muscle Arnt like-1) and Per2 promoter regions and altered 24-h rhythmicity of hepatic pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators. CONCLUSIONS These data implicate disordered circadian rhythms in NAFLD and suggest that disruption of this system during critical developmental periods may be responsible for the onset of chronic liver disease in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mouralidarane
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Soeda
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Sugden
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Bocianowska
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Carter
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Ray
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Saraswati
- Histopathology Department, University College Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Cordero
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Novelli
- Histopathology Department, University College Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - G Fusai
- Department of Liver Medicine and Transplant, Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Gastroenterology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Poston
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - P D Taylor
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - J A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After the study of the gene code as a trigger for obesity, epigenetic code has appeared as a novel tool in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of obesity, and its related comorbidities. This review summarizes the status of the epigenetic field associated with obesity, and the current epigenetic-based approaches for obesity treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Thanks to technical advances, novel and key obesity-associated polymorphisms have been described by genome-wide association studies, but there are limitations with their predictive power. Epigenetics is also studied for disease association, which involves decoding of the genome information, transcriptional status and later phenotypes. Obesity could be induced during adult life by feeding and other environmental factors, and there is a strong association between obesity features and specific epigenetic patterns. These patterns could be established during early life stages, and programme the risk of obesity and its comorbidities during adult life. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation profile could be applied as biomarkers of diet-induced weight loss treatment. SUMMARY High-throughput technologies, recently implemented for commercial genetic test panels, could soon lead to the creation of epigenetic test panels for obesity. Nonetheless, epigenetics is a modifiable risk factor, and different dietary patterns or environmental insights during distinct stages of life could lead to rewriting of the epigenetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cordero
- aInstitute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London bDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Cordero P, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Milagro FI, Campion J, Martinez JA. Perinatal maternal feeding with an energy dense diet and/or micronutrient mixture drives offspring fat distribution depending on the sex and growth stage. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:834-40. [PMID: 25521806 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation influences offspring development and health. Novel studies have described the effects on next generation obesity-related features depending on maternal macro- and micro-nutrient perinatal feeding. We hypothesized that the maternal obesogenic diet during pregnancy and lactation programs an obese phenotype, while maternal micronutrient supplementation at these stages could partially prevent these features. Thus, the aim was to assess the influence of a perinatal maternal feeding with an obesogenic diet enriched in fat and sucrose and a micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on offspring growth and obese phenotypical features during life course. Female Wistar rats were assigned to four dietary groups during pregnancy and lactation: control, control supplemented with micronutrients (choline, betaine, folic acid and vitamin B12 ), high-fat sucrose (HFS) and HFS supplemented. At weaning, the offspring were transferred to a chow diet, and weight and fat mass were measured at weeks 3, 12 and 20. At birth, both male and female offspring from mothers fed the obesogenic diet showed lower body weight (-5 and -6%, respectively), while only female offspring weight decreased by maternal micronutrient supplementation (-5%). During lactation, maternal HFS diet was associated with increased body weight, while micronutrient supplementation protected against body weight gain. Whole body fat mass content increased at weeks 3, 12 and 20 (from 16 to 65%) due to maternal HFS diet. Maternal micronutrient supplementation decreased offspring fat mass content at week 3 (-8%). Male offspring showed higher adiposity than females at weeks 12 and 20. In conclusion, maternal HFS feeding during pregnancy and lactation was associated with a low offspring weight at birth and obese phenotypical features during adult life in a sex- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, maternal methyl donor supplementation protected against body weight gain in male offspring during lactation and in female offspring also during juvenile period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Gonzalez-Muniesa
- Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Campion
- Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Martinez
- Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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García-Pardo F, Cabrera I, Cordero P, Ojeda-Aciego M, Rodríguez F. On the definition of suitable orderings to generate adjunctions over an unstructured codomain. Inf Sci (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cordero P, Milagro FI, Campion J, Martinez JA. Maternal methyl donors supplementation during lactation prevents the hyperhomocysteinemia induced by a high-fat-sucrose intake by dams. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24422-37. [PMID: 24351826 PMCID: PMC3876120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal perinatal nutrition may program offspring metabolic features. Epigenetic regulation is one of the candidate mechanisms that may be affected by maternal dietary methyl donors intake as potential controllers of plasma homocysteine levels. Thirty-two Wistar pregnant rats were randomly assigned into four dietary groups during lactation: control, control supplemented with methyl donors, high-fat-sucrose and high-fat-sucrose supplemented with methyl donors. Physiological outcomes in the offspring were measured, including hepatic mRNA expression and global DNA methylation after weaning. The newborns whose mothers were fed the obesogenic diet were heavier longer and with a higher adiposity and intrahepatic fat content. Interestingly, increased levels of plasma homocysteine induced by the maternal high-fat-sucrose dietary intake were prevented in both sexes by maternal methyl donors supplementation. Total hepatic DNA methylation decreased in females due to maternal methyl donors administration, while Dnmt3a hepatic mRNA levels decreased accompanying the high-fat-sucrose consumption. Furthermore, a negative association between Dnmt3a liver mRNA levels and plasma homocysteine concentrations was found. Maternal high-fat-sucrose diet during lactation could program offspring obesity features, while methyl donors supplementation prevented the onset of high hyperhomocysteinemia. Maternal dietary intake also affected hepatic DNA methylation metabolism, which could be linked with the regulation of the methionine-homocysteine cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cordero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.C.); (F.I.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.C.); (F.I.M.); (J.C.)
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Campion
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.C.); (F.I.M.); (J.C.)
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.C.); (F.I.M.); (J.C.)
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, 29029 Madrid, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600 (ext. 806424); Fax: +34-948-425-649
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Cordero P, Campion J, Milagro FI, Martinez JA. Transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in early liver steatosis associated to obesity: effect of dietary methyl donor supplementation. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:388-95. [PMID: 24084163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a primary hepatic manifestation of obesity and an important adverse metabolic syndrome trait. Animal models of diet-induced obesity promote liver fat accumulation putatively associated with alterations in epigenetic profile. Dietary methyl donor-supplementation may protect against this disturbance during early developmental stages affecting the molecular basis of gene regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in liver fat accumulation as a result of an obesogenic diet and the putative preventive role of dietary methyl donors. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned into four dietary groups for 8 weeks; control, control methyl-donor-supplemented with a dietary cocktail containing betaine, choline, vitamin B12 and folic acid, high-fat-sucrose and high-fat-sucrose methyl-donor-supplemented. Liver fat accumulation induced by a HFS diet was prevented by methyl donor supplementation in HFS-fed animals. A liver mRNA microarray, subsequently validated by real time-qPCR, showed modifications in some biologically relevant genes involved in obesity development and lipid metabolism (Lepr, Srebf2, Agpat3 and Esr1). Liver global DNA methylation was decreased by methyl donor supplementation in control-fed animals. Methylation levels of specific CpG sites from Srebf2, Agpat3 and Esr1 promoter regions showed changes due to the obesogenic diet and the supplementation with methyl donors. Interestingly, Srebf2 CpG23_24 methylation levels (-167 bp and -156 bp with respect to the transcriptional start site) correlated with HDLc plasma levels, whereas Esr1 CpG14 (-2623 bp) methylation levels were associated with body and liver weights and fat content. Furthermore HFS diet-induced liver fat accumulation was prevented by methyl donor supplementation. In conclusion, both obesogenic diet and methyl donor supplementation modified the mRNA hepatic profile as well as the methylation of specific gene promoters and total DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cordero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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Cordero P, Gomez-Uriz AM, Milagro FI, Campion J, Martinez JA. Maternal weight gain induced by an obesogenic diet affects adipose accumulation, liver weight, and insulin homeostasis in the rat offspring depending on the sex. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:981-6. [PMID: 23310925 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of the maternal dietary intake before pregnancy, as well as the parental impact on the response to a transgenerational high-fat-diet in rats. METHODS Ten female Wistar rats were fed a standard or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet in the 8 weeks prior to pregnancy. Adult offsprings were assigned to a control or obesogenic diet for 8 weeks. Then, rat tissues and plasma samples were collected for analyzing tissue weight, liver triglycerides, and biochemical parameters such as triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels. RESULTS The offspring of rats fed a HFS diet gained less weight when they were fed the same diet than those fed a HFS diet combined with maternal control diet. Insulin levels were higher in rats fed a HFS diet (p<0.05) in both sexes; however, maternal HFS diet reversed, partially in males and total- ly in females, this hormonal imbalance. In male newborns, diet-induced maternal weight gain before pregnancy significantly influenced visceral (R 2 =0.373) and subcutaneous (R 2 =0.239) adipose deposition as well as liver weight (R 2 =0.130). Paternal genetic make-up was also a relevant factor affecting adiposity in both sexes (R 2 =0.333 in visceral fat; R 2 =0.183 in subcutaneous fat in males, and 0.292 and 0.282, respectively in females) as well as plasma triglycerides (R 2 =0.193 in males and R 2 =0.251 in females). CONCLUSIONS The genetic parental background and pre-natal maternal diet are important factors in the response to a hypercaloric diet and affect body composition and glucose homeostasis traits, including insulin secretion and homeostatic model assessment index.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Tirado-Gomez M, Fonseca S, Munoz C, Cordero P, Bernabe R, Lacourt M, Rivera N, Cotto M, Ortiz E, Acosta M. Abstract 5569: DNA methylation status of MLH1, p16, SOCS1, ER and CDH1 in Puerto Rican patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation of gene promoters have been show to play a role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present in this study a preliminary report of the methylation status of MLH1, p16, SOCS1, ER and CDH1 in Puerto Rican patients with AML. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 24 patients with diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia before and after their induction treatments. DNA was isolated and further modified with sodium bisulfite. Methylation-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction was performed to detect aberrant promoter methylation of MLH1, p16, SOCS1, ER and CDH1. Results: Samples from a total of 24 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 47 years (range 22-70) with 21/24 patients younger than 60 years (88%). Most of the patients were female (13/24, 54%). Ten patients had diploid cytogenetics (42%), 4 had low risk cytogenetics (17%) and 10 had high risk cytogenetics (42%). Nineteen patients were de Novo AML (79%). Sixteen patients (67%) presented with WBC counts higher than 10 x 109/L. Seventeen patients (71%) achieved a complete response at the end of the induction therapy. Frequencies of gene methylation before treatment were as follows: MLH: 3/24 (13%); p16: 6/24 (25%); SOCS1:13/24 (54%); ER: 16/24 (67%) and CDH1: 4/24 (16.7%). Conclusions: No correlation between methylation status of p16 and MLH1 before treatment and clinicopathological characteristics was noted. Unmethylated CDH1 was more common among the novo AML patients. Methylation of SOCS1 was more common among patients that achieve a CR after induction therapy. This sample is a small one, so any correlation must be further tested in a more ample sample. Collection of more patient's samples and correlation with clinical data and patient's ultimate outcome is ongoing.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5569. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5569
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Fonseca
- 1Univ. of Puerto Rico Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Munoz
- 1Univ. of Puerto Rico Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Paul Cordero
- 1Univ. of Puerto Rico Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Raul Bernabe
- 1Univ. of Puerto Rico Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Noridza Rivera
- 2Univ. of Puerto Rico Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellowship, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maribel Cotto
- 2Univ. of Puerto Rico Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellowship, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eddiemar Ortiz
- 2Univ. of Puerto Rico Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellowship, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mirelis Acosta
- 2Univ. of Puerto Rico Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellowship, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Cabrera I, Cordero P, Gutiérrez G, Martínez J, Ojeda-Aciego M. A coalgebraic approach to non-determinism: Applications to multilattices. Inf Sci (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Muñoz L, Nañez H, Rositas F, Pérez E, Razo S, Cordero P, Torres L, Zapata H, Hernández M, Escobedo M. Long-Term Complications and Survival of Patients After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:2381-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cordero P, Campion J, Milagro FI, Marzo F, Martinez JA. Fat-to-glucose interconversion by hydrodynamic transfer of two glyoxylate cycle enzyme genes. Lipids Health Dis 2008; 7:49. [PMID: 19077206 PMCID: PMC2614421 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-7-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxylate cycle, which is well characterized in higher plants and some microorganisms but not in vertebrates, is able to bypass the citric acid cycle to achieve fat-to-carbohydrate interconversion. In this context, the hydrodynamic transfer of two glyoxylate cycle enzymes, such as isocytrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS), could accomplish the shift of using fat for the synthesis of glucose. Therefore, 20 mice weighing 23.37 +/- 0.96 g were hydrodinamically gene transferred by administering into the tail vein a bolus with ICL and MS. After 36 hours, body weight, plasma glucose, respiratory quotient and energy expenditure were measured. The respiratory quotient was increased by gene transfer, which suggests that a higher carbohydrate/lipid ratio is oxidized in such animals. This application could help, if adequate protocols are designed, to induce fat utilization for glucose synthesis, which might be eventually useful to reduce body fat depots in situations of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Michaud A, Dardari R, Charrier E, Cordero P, Duval M. 406: Effect of IL-7 on Human NK Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cordero P, Solomon A, Martínez JA. [Efficiency and mitochondrial metabolism: an etiological axis for obesity?]. Rev Med Univ Navarra 2007; 51:13-18. [PMID: 18183781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an increasing prevalent disease, appears as a consequence of an energetic umbalance that might be related to the efficiency of the cellular energetic machinery involving the mitochondria. In this organelle takes place the oxidative phosphorylation, that ends with the transformation of the nutrients to energy and the ATP production. During this process, free radicals of high oxidative power maybe blocked by endogenous antioxidants like the glutathion, in collaboration with the contribution of antioxidants supplied by the diet. The discovery of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) opened a new field of investigation, emphasizing the role of UCP1 or thermogenin, which generates an energy dissipation as heat and diminishing the amount of formed ATP and ROS and forcing the cell that expresses the UCP1 to oxidize more nutrients to obtain energy. Also, genetic studies have been carried out about UCP2 and UCP3 polymorphisms that relate them to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Fisiología y Toxicología, Universidad de Navarra
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Mora A, Aguilera G, Enciso M, Cordero P, P. del Guzman I. A new closure algorithm based in logic: SLFD-Closure versus classical closures. Int Artif 2006. [DOI: 10.4114/ia.v10i31.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pasini JM, Cordero P. Clustering and fluidization in a one-dimensional granular system: molecular dynamics and direct-simulation Monte Carlo method. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:041302. [PMID: 11308833 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study a one-dimensional granular gas of pointlike particles not subject to gravity between two walls at temperatures T(left) and T(right). The system exhibits two distinct regimes, depending on the normalized temperature difference Delta=(T(right)-T(left))/(T(right)+T(left)): one completely fluidized and one in which a cluster coexists with the fluidized gas. When Delta is above a certain threshold, cluster formation is fully inhibited, obtaining a completely fluidized state. The mechanism that produces these two phases is explained. In the fluidized state the velocity distribution function exhibits peculiar non-Gaussian features. For this state, comparison between integration of the Boltzmann equation using the direct-simulation Monte Carlo method and results stemming from microscopic Newtonian molecular dynamics gives good coincidence, establishing that the non-Gaussian features observed do not arise from the onset of correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pasini
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
Thermal convection is observed in molecular dynamic simulations of a fluidized granular system of nearly elastic hard disks moving under gravity, inside a square box. Boundaries introduce no shearing or time dependence, but the energy injection comes from a slip (shear-free) thermalizing base. The top wall is perfectly elastic and lateral boundaries are either elastic or periodic. The spontaneous temperature gradient appearing in the system due to the inelastic collisions, combined with gravity, produces a buoyancy force that, when dissipation is large enough, triggers convection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramirez
- Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramirez R, Risso D, Soto R, Cordero P. Hydrodynamic theory for granular gases. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:2521-2530. [PMID: 11088733 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A granular gas subjected to a permanent injection of energy is described by means of hydrodynamic equations derived from a moment expansion method. The method uses as reference function not a Maxwellian distribution f(M) but a distribution f(0)=Phif(M), such that Phi adds a fourth cumulant kappa to the velocity distribution. The formalism is applied to a stationary conductive case showing that the theory fits extraordinarily well the results coming from our Newtonian molecular dynamic simulations once we determine kappa as a function of the inelasticity of the particle-particle collisions. The shape of kappa is independent of the size N of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramirez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile and CECAM, ENS-Lyon, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
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Pastor J, Morales P, Cases E, Cordero P, Piqueras A, Galán G, París F. Evaluation of intercostal cryoanalgesia versus conventional analgesia in postthoracotomy pain. Respiration 1996; 63:241-5. [PMID: 8815972 DOI: 10.1159/000196553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of cryoanalgesia in patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy. A double-blind randomized and prospective study was performed in 100 patients undergoing thoracotomy. They were randomized into two groups: Group A, 55 patients, who had undergone an intercostal cryoanalgesia and group B, control, 45 patients treated only with pharmacological analgesia ad libitum. In both groups we assessed pain in the first 7 postsurgical days, the amount of analgesia required, electromyography of the intercostal muscles involved and recording of maximal static respiratory pressures. Postsurgical pain was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in group A. No patient in group A needed major analgesia and the amount of aminopyrines required was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those used in group B. Maximal static inspiratory pressure (PImax) showed no significant changes and no significant differences were found between the two groups. Maximal static expiratory pressure (PEmax) significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the 1st and 2nd week and it was not related to the type of analgesia used. We advocate the use of cryoanalgesia since it significantly reduces pain as well as the doses of analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pastor
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España
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Ibsen J, Soto R, Cordero P. Free thermal convection driven by nonlocal effects. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1995; 52:4533-4536. [PMID: 9963931 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Solé A, Cordero P. [Ardystil syndrome]. Med Clin (Barc) 1995; 105:295-7. [PMID: 7475480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
We aimed to determine which factors were related to the development of residual pleural thickening (RPT) after completion of prescribed treatment. Sixty-two patients with pleural tuberculosis (PTB) were assigned to 2 groups according to the presence or absence of RPT > 2 mm in the side and lower portion of a chest film after completion of prescribed treatment. No patient had been given corticoids. Thickening developed in 72.6%, more often in men (OR, 4.06; p = 0.034), in older patients (36 +/- 21 versus 27 +/- 12 years; p = 0.05). Smoking, size of effusion, duration of symptoms, encapsulation, PPD, pleural biopsy, bacteriology and pH, glucose, proteins and cholesterol in pleural fluids, as well as their respective pleura/serum coefficients, were similar in both groups. Pleural LDH (LDHp) and its pleura/serum coefficient (LDHp/LDHs) were 454.3 +/- 234.6 U/l and 3.21 +/- 1.67 U/l in the group with RPT and 306.0 +/- 137.2 U/l and 2.00 +/- 1.16 in the group with no sequelae (p = 0.004 and p = 0.016, respectively). Using 2.10 as the cutoff for LDHp/LDHs, sensitivity was 78.9% and specificity was 71.4%, giving a positive predictive value of 88.2% and a negative predictive value of 55.5%. We conclude that RPT a) is a frequent complication, b) is mainly found in men, c) is age-related and d) can be fairly safely predicted using 2.10 as the cutoff for LDHp/LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Soler
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia
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Cordero P, Hernández ES. Momentum-dependent potentials: Towards the molecular dynamics of fermionlike classical particles. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1995; 51:2573-2580. [PMID: 9962920 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.51.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cordero P, Solé A. [Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (Ardystil syndrome) and chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system]. Arch Bronconeumol 1995; 31:89-92. [PMID: 7704397 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A 19-years-old woman with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) secondary to inhalation of toxins in the workplace (Ardystil syndrome) and chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is described. The clinical and radiological picture led to suspicion of BOOP and the diagnosis was confirmed by transbronchial biopsy. The diagnosis of chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system was based on the presence of signs of transitory neurological dysfunction along with nuclear magnetic resonance images of the brain that were consistent with the clinical evaluation. The temporal and spatial concurrence of the two diseases in our patient suggests that we may be observing either a new syndrome associated with the inhalation of toxic substances or a coincidence of two diseases that are rare in the population we serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia
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Benlloch E, Cordero P, Morales P, Soler JJ, Macián V. Ventilatory pattern at rest and response to hypercapnic stimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Respiration 1995; 62:4-9. [PMID: 7716353 DOI: 10.1159/000196381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the ventilatory pattern and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) at rest and the response to awake hypercapnic stimulation in 27 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The respiratory pattern was characterized by both increased P0.1 and VT/Ti (p < 0.05), with a higher VE (p < 0.01) due to a slight increase in VT. Ventilatory response to hypercapnic stimulation showed no significant differences with respect to the control group. Our findings reveal that OSAS patients show an increased minute output secondary to a mild degree of hyperstimulation on the baseline central ventilatory control and that there is a subgroup of patients with a decreased ventilatory response to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benlloch
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital, Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Epsaña
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Morales P, Cordero P, Borro JM, Macián V, Marco V. [Ventilation pattern at rest and respiratory response to hypercapnic stimulation after lung transplantation]. Arch Bronconeumol 1994; 30:440-4. [PMID: 8000692 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)31016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess breathing pattern at rest by studying occlusion pressure after the first 100 miliseconds (P0.1) and ventilatory response to hypercapnia after lung transplantation. Seven transplanted patients were compared with a control group of 7 healthy subjects. The breathing pattern at rest after transplantation included a significant increase in minute volume (VE) at the expense of an increase in tidal volume (VT) and above all of mean inspiratory flow (VT/Ti). There were no significant differences in ventilatory response to hypercapnia between the 2 groups, although the response curves of both VE and VT to CO2 tended to slope downward. These results can be explained by the mechanics of ventilation in some subjects studied and by the effect of pulmonary denervation on ventilatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morales
- Servicios de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia
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Soler JJ, Cordero P, Ramos V, Jordá M, Peñalver JC, Tarazona V. [Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and bronchi. Presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature]. Arch Bronconeumol 1994; 30:311-3. [PMID: 8087392 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)31061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare but insidious tumor of the trachea and bronchi. It is infiltrative and tends to recur at the same site. Diagnosis is often late, generally when a large part of the bronchial opening is occluded and with extensive invasion of submucosal tissue, making elective surgery difficult and complementary radiotherapy necessary in most cases. The prognosis, however, is fairly good, with survival after 5 years in 75% of patients. We present cases diagnosed recently at our hospital, one with a large longitudinal tracheal tumor and the other with a located in the carina. The literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Soler
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia
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Shoenfeld R, Hermans H, Novick A, Brener B, Cordero P, Eisenbud D, Mody S, Goldenkranz R, Parsonnet V. Stenting of proximal venous obstructions to maintain hemodialysis access. J Vasc Surg 1994; 19:532-8; discussion 538-9. [PMID: 8126868 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(94)70082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of stenting central venous obstructions in patients dependent on hemodialysis to preserve or restore central venous patency and allow for continued hemodialysis from the affected side. METHODS Twenty-five self-expanding (17) and balloon-expandable (8) stainless steel stents were deployed in 19 patients with end-stage renal disease and central venous stenosis or occlusion. Nineteen lesions were treated: 11 subclavian and eight innominate. Twenty-two stents were initially implanted. RESULTS Stent deployment was successful in all cases and immediately remedied the underlying cause of venous hypertension. Follow-up at up to 17 months revealed three deaths from unrelated causes, one occlusion at 3.25 months, and three restenoses at 16 days, 2.5 and 5 months, respectively, with successful implantation of three additional stents for a primary central patency rate of 68% (+/- 14%) and secondary central patency rate of 93% (+/- 7%). CONCLUSIONS Stenting of subclavian and innominate venous stenoses and occlusions effectively corrected the underlying lesions responsible for disturbed hemodynamics and, in most cases, prolonged available hemodialysis access from the affected side. Stents seem to be valuable adjuncts in the management of failing hemodialysis access due to central venous stenosis or occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shoenfeld
- Department of Radiology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, NJ 07112
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Cordero P, Fisher ND, Moore TJ, Gleason R, Williams GH, Hollenberg NK. Renal and endocrine responses to a renin inhibitor, enalkiren, in normal humans. Hypertension 1991; 17:510-6. [PMID: 2013477 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.17.4.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interpretation of renin-angiotensin blockade with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is potentially confounded by their multiple effects. We used a selective renin inhibitor (enalkiren, A-64662) to explore the renal and endocrine effects of angiotensin II in healthy men. Each received 90-minute enalkiren infusions at 2-day intervals, on a low (10 mmol, 16 subjects) and high (200 mmol, 12 subjects) salt diet. Plasma renin activity, immunoreactive plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations, inulin, and p-aminohippurate clearance were measured by standard methods. Plasma renin activity fell at 0.1 micrograms/kg, but the threshold for biologic effect was 256 micrograms/kg, where plasma immunoreactive angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration fell, and renal plasma flow rose (p less than 0.01). The maximal renal vascular response (+152 +/- 23 ml/min/1.73 m2) occurred at 512 micrograms/kg (p less than 0.01). Diastolic and mean blood pressure fell modestly but significantly (p less than 0.05). Responses were limited on a high salt diet. We confirm that conventional plasma renin activity measurement is misleading in humans receiving a renin inhibitor. The renal vascular response to renin inhibition in this study appeared to substantially exceed reported responses to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, perhaps reflecting a crucial and relatively inaccessible intrarenal locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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