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Williams P. Our little white friend. Br Dent J 2023; 235:915. [PMID: 38102244 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
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2
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Jenkins V, Matthews L, Solis-Trapala I, Gage H, May S, Williams P, Bloomfield D, Zammit C, Elwell-Sutton D, Betal D, Finlay J, Nicholson K, Kothari M, Santos R, Stewart E, Bell S, McKinna F, Teoh M. Patients' experiences of a suppoRted self-manAGeMent pAThway In breast Cancer (PRAGMATIC): quality of life and service use results. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:570. [PMID: 37698629 PMCID: PMC10497681 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe trends and explore factors associated with quality of life (QoL) and psychological morbidity and assess breast cancer (BC) health service use over a 12-month period for patients joining the supported self-management (SSM)/patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) pathway. METHODS Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months that measured QoL (FACT-B, EQ 5D-5L), self-efficacy (GSE), psychological morbidity (GHQ-12), roles and responsibilities (PRRS) and service use (cost diary). RESULTS 99/110 patients completed all timepoints; 32% (35/110) had received chemotherapy. The chemotherapy group had poorer QoL; FACT-B total score mean differences were 8.53 (95% CI: 3.42 to 13.64), 5.38 (95% CI: 0.17 to 10.58) and 8.00 (95% CI: 2.76 to 13.24) at 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The odds of psychological morbidity (GHQ12 >4) were 5.5-fold greater for those treated with chemotherapy. Financial and caring burdens (PRRS) were worse for this group (mean difference in change at 9 months 3.25 (95% CI: 0.42 to 6.07)). GSE and GHQ-12 scores impacted FACT-B total scores, indicating QoL decline for those with high baseline psychological morbidity. Chemotherapy patients or those with high psychological morbidity or were unable to carry out normal activities had the highest service costs. Over the 12 months, 68.2% participants phoned/emailed breast care nurses, and 53.3% visited a hospital breast clinician. CONCLUSION The data suggest that chemotherapy patients and/or those with heightened psychological morbidity might benefit from closer monitoring and/or supportive interventions whilst on the SSM/PIFU pathway. Reduced access due to COVID-19 could have affected service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jenkins
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, England, UK.
| | - L Matthews
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, England, UK
| | - I Solis-Trapala
- School of Medicine, Keele University, University Road, Staffordshire, England, UK
| | - H Gage
- Surrey Health Economics Centre/Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - S May
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, England, UK
| | - P Williams
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - D Bloomfield
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, East Sussex, England, UK
- Surrey & Sussex Cancer Alliance, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - C Zammit
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, East Sussex, England, UK
- Surrey & Sussex Cancer Alliance, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - D Elwell-Sutton
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, East Sussex, England, UK
| | - D Betal
- Worthing Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, West Sussex, England, UK
| | - J Finlay
- Worthing Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, West Sussex, England, UK
| | - K Nicholson
- Worthing Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, West Sussex, England, UK
| | - M Kothari
- Ashford & St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Ashford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - R Santos
- Ashford & St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Ashford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - E Stewart
- Ashford & St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Ashford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - S Bell
- Surrey & Sussex Cancer Alliance, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - F McKinna
- Surrey & Sussex Cancer Alliance, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
| | - M Teoh
- Surrey & Sussex Cancer Alliance, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
- Ashford & St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Ashford, Surrey, England, UK
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Fong SL, Utidjian L, Kaur M, Abend NS, Wainwright MS, Grande KM, Foskett N, Roebling R, Guerriero RM, Jain B, Rao S, Stoltenberg M, Williams P, Yuen N, Dickinson K, McDonald J, Maltenfort M, Forrest CB. Safety of intravenous lacosamide in hospitalized children and neonates. Epilepsia 2023; 64:2297-2309. [PMID: 37287398 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seizures are common in critically ill children and neonates, and these patients would benefit from intravenous (IV) antiseizure medications with few adverse effects. We aimed to assess the safety profile of IV lacosamide (LCM) among children and neonates. METHODS This retrospective multicenter cohort study examined the safety of IV LCM use in 686 children and 28 neonates who received care between January 2009 and February 2020. RESULTS Adverse events (AEs) were attributed to LCM in only 1.5% (10 of 686) of children, including rash (n = 3, .4%), somnolence (n = 2, .3%), and bradycardia, prolonged QT interval, pancreatitis, vomiting, and nystagmus (n = 1, .1% each). There were no AEs attributed to LCM in the neonates. Across all 714 pediatric patients, treatment-emergent AEs occurring in >1% of patients included rash, bradycardia, somnolence, tachycardia, vomiting, feeling agitated, cardiac arrest, tachyarrhythmia, low blood pressure, hypertension, decreased appetite, diarrhea, delirium, and gait disturbance. There were no reports of PR interval prolongation or severe cutaneous adverse reactions. When comparing children who received a recommended versus a higher than recommended initial dose of IV LCM, there was a twofold increase in the risk of rash in the higher dose cohort (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-4.38). SIGNIFICANCE This large observational study provides novel evidence demonstrating the tolerability of IV LCM in children and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Fong
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Levon Utidjian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Abend
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark S Wainwright
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krista M Grande
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Réjean M Guerriero
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Badal Jain
- Department of Neurology, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy Yuen
- UCB Pharma, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberley Dickinson
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill McDonald
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell Maltenfort
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher B Forrest
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Antar M, Wang L, Tran A, White A, Williams P, Sylcott B, Mizelle JC, Kim S. Functional Connectivity Analysis of Visually Evoked ERPs for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Pilot Study. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082904 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, characterized as mild memory loss. A novel method of functional connectivity (FC) analysis can be used to detect MCI before memory is significantly impaired allowing for preventative measures to be taken. FC examines interactions between EEG channels to grant insight on underlying neural networks and analyze the effects of MCI. Applying FC method of weighted phase lag index (wPLI) to P300 ERPs provided insight on the link between the pathology of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive loss. wPLI was analyzed per frequency band (θ, α, μ, β) and by channel combination groups (intra-hemispheric short, intra-hemispheric long, inter-hemispheric short, inter-hemispheric long, transverse). MCI was found to have a statistically significant lower ΔwPLIP300 compared to normal controls in the μ intra-hemispheric short (p = 0.0286), μ intra-hemispheric long (p = 0.0477), μ inter-hemispheric short (p = 0.0018) and the α intra-hemispheric short (p = 0.0423). Results indicate a possible deficiency in the dorsal visual processing pathway among MCI subjects as well as an unbalanced coordination between the two hemispheres.
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Eisengart JB, Daniel MH, Adams HR, Williams P, Kuca B, Shapiro E. Increasing precision in the measurement of change in pediatric neurodegenerative disease. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:201-209. [PMID: 36115283 PMCID: PMC9879307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the surge in new brain-directed treatments, metrics to detect the alteration in developmental trajectories in cognition and adaptive behavior have become increasingly important. We propose Growth Scale Values (GSVs) as a solution to monitoring children with severe neurologic/neurodegenerative conditions. This report stems from a panel of experts presenting at the Gorlin symposium (WORLD Symposium) and a subsequent open Webinar sponsored by the National MPS Society. Because norm-referenced scores (Standard Scores or Intelligence Quotient, i.e., IQ) do not yield information about gain, stability, or loss of skills, they are not suitable for natural history studies or clinical trials. Age-equivalent (AE) scores have been the standard metric used in natural history studies. While AEs are familiar and interpretable to clinicians and parents, they are imprecise due to lack of standard deviations, standard errors of measurement, and equal intervals between scores. Raw scores also have unequal intervals and are not comparable between ages or ability levels. The GSV, a nonlinear transformation of raw scores using item calibration to make an interval scale score, can be used for accurate measures of within-person change. GSVs have been identified as a useful metric for longitudinal measurement of other conditions involving neurodiversity. These growth scores circumvent inaccurate AEs in infants, are not limited by age and can be used for impaired patients who are chronologically above the normative age range. GSVs have interval properties (a given difference between GSV values represents the same difference in ability at all score levels) and each GSV value has a known standard error of measurement (SEM). GSVs are recommended to measure change in cognitive and adaptive behavior in natural history studies and in clinical trials for children with neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Eisengart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | - H R Adams
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - B Kuca
- Allievex Corporation, Marblehead, MA, USA
| | - E Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Partner, Shapiro Neuropsychology Consulting, LLC, Portland, OR, USA
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Bazinski M, Tierney M, Twiford J, Gianinno A, Burge D, Umali M, Lum A, Williams P, Choi H, Brennan Y. A Quality Improvement Project to Assess Inpatient Nurse Knowledge and Experience in Working with Patients Who have Opioid Use Disorder. Pain Manag Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Kirk F, Yong M, Williams P, Stroebel A. Pulmonary Valve Papillary Fibroelastoma: To PE or Not to PE. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Webb K, Cámara M, Zain N, Halliday N, Bruce K, Nash E, Whitehouse J, Knox A, Forrester D, Smyth A, Williams P, Fogarty A, Barr H. 446: Novel detection of specific bacterial quorum-sensing molecules in saliva: Potential noninvasive biomarkers for pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rao Kadam V, Ludbrook G, van Wijk RM, Hewett P, Thiruvenkatarajan V, Edwards S, Williams P, Adhikary S. A comparison of ultrasound guided bilateral single injection shot Erector Spinae Plane blocks versus wound infiltration for post-operative analgesia in laparoscopic assisted colonic surgery- a prospective randomised study. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:255. [PMID: 34702183 PMCID: PMC8547045 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both wound infiltration (WI) with local anaesthetic and Erector Spinae Plane block (ESPB) have been described for post-operative analgesia after abdominal surgery. This study compared the efficacy of WI versus ESPB for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic assisted colonic surgery. Methods Seventy-two patients between 18 and 85 years of age undergoing elective surgery were randomised to receive either WI or ESPB. In the WI group a 40 ml bolus of 0.5% Ropivacaine, infiltrated at the ports and minimally invasive wound at subcutaneous and fascia layers. In the ESPB group at T8 level, under ultrasound guidance, a 22-gauge nerve block needle was passed through the Erector Spinae muscle to reach its fascia. A dose up to 40 ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine, divided into two equal volumes, was injected at each side. Both groups had a multimodal analgesic regime, including regular Paracetamol, dexamethasone and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with Fentanyl. The primary end point was a post-operative pain score utilising a verbal Numerical Rating Score (NRS, 0–10) on rest and coughing in the post anaesthetic care unit (PACU) and in the first 24 h. Secondary outcomes measured were: opioid usage, length of stay and any clinical adverse events. Results There was no significant treatment difference in PACU NRS at rest and coughing (p-values 0. 382 and 0.595respectively). Similarly, there were no significant differences in first 24 h NRS at rest and coughing (p-values 0.285 and 0.431 respectively). There was no significant difference in Fentanyl use in PACU or in the first 24 h (p- values 0.900 and 0.783 respectively). Neither was there a significant difference found in mean total Fentanyl use between ESPB and WI groups (p-value 0.787). Conclusion Our observations found both interventions had an overall similar efficacy. Trial registration The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN: 12619000113156).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rao Kadam
- Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Department of Anaesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia.
| | - G Ludbrook
- Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - R M van Wijk
- Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - P Hewett
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - V Thiruvenkatarajan
- Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - S Edwards
- Adelaide Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P Williams
- Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Adhikary
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Darker C, Burke E, Castello S, O'Sullivan K, Vance J, Buggy A, Loudon K, Williams P, Dobbie F, Hayes C. Process evaluation of We Can Quit- stop-smoking programme for women in socio-disadvantage in Ireland. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Smoking tobacco poses a serious risk of early preventable death and disease for women living with socioeconomic disadvantage (SED). A smoking cessation programme ‘We Can Quit' (WCQ) tailored to women living in four SED areas developed in Ireland included group support delivered by trained lay local women and free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The intervention was pilot tested in a community-based, cluster randomised controlled trial, ‘We Can Quit 2'. Results of an embedded process evaluation to assess feasibility and acceptability of the programme and trial processes are presented.
Methods
The design was qualitative using the Medical Research Council's (MRC) process evaluation framework. Semi-structured interviews with trial participants (N = 18) and Community Facilitators (CFs) who delivered WCQ (N = 8) were conducted. An inductive approach was used and data were analysed using thematic coding.
Results
Peer-modelling, a non-judgemental environment, and CFs supportive role were viewed as facilitative elements of group support. Potential for broader message diffusion into the social networks of participating women was observed. Participants reported that free access to NRT was helpful for cessation. Some participants expressed concerns about NRT side effects. Community pharmacists provided important guidance relating to NRT and additional support between group sessions. Provision of a saliva samples proved challenging. Low literacy was a barrier to engagement with the programme and completion of trial-related materials. Hypothetical scenarios of direct or indirect observational fidelity assessment for a definitive trial (DT) were acceptable.
Conclusions
The MRC framework proved useful to capture the experience of women smokers in SED areas of engaging with a community-based smoking cessation trial. Programme and trial-related processes were feasible and acceptable. A future DT will need to address low literacy.
Key messages
A group-based stop-smoking programme including free NRT was acceptable and feasible to programme deliverers and women smokers living in disadvantaged communities. Women’s low literacy was a barrier to engagement with trial and completion of programme materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Darker
- Public Health & Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Burke
- Public Health & Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Castello
- Public Health & Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Public Health & Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Vance
- Community Programmes, Irish Cancer Society, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Buggy
- Health Promotion and Improvement, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - P Williams
- Patient/Public Representative, WCQ2 Trial, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Dobbie
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayes
- Public Health & Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Skinner H, Williams P, Greenlees G, Ilyas C, Schofield C, Lotia S, Amtul N. 1161 Streamlining the Patient Journey for Operative Management During COVID 19. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524530 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Leeds, UK is a high-volume acute surgery unit. Emergency operating was drastically affected by the pandemic and time from admission to definitive procedure significantly increased. This intervention aimed to streamline the patient journey from acute admission to the operating theatre.
Method
An audit considering delays to transfer, theatre access and recovery discharge, along with the criteria used for ‘Hot’ theatre was undertaken. Data was collected prospectively between 02/06/2020-06/07/2020 via a standardised proforma. Preliminary results suggested a geographically remote ‘hot’ theatre was associated with multi-factorial delays so was relocated to more familiar surroundings. This was re-audited between 06/07/2020-06/08/2020 aiming to characterise factors contributing to delay. A dedicated in-hours acute theatres porter was introduced for a trial period. Data was collected retrospectively between 24/08/2020-14/09/2020 and prospectively between 14/09-05/10/2020 via hospital electronic systems.
Results
Initially the average time from patient transfer to leaving theatre recovery was 4h6m55s (N = 52). Relocating theatres reduced this to 2h48m04s (N = 74)- an average reduction of 1h18m51s. The greatest reduction was seen in anaesthetic time between 1h17m54s to 41m29s. The introduction of a dedicated porter reduced the average transfer time to theatre from 36 minutes (N = 53) to 21 minutes (N = 68) (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Delay to theatre has a high cost financially and in its effect on patient outcomes. Delays are often multifactorial and robust systems are essential to minimise delays. Patients are best served by well-trained, dedicated ‘Acute’ team in familiar surroundings. Long-term implementation of dedicated portering service will save time, money and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Skinner
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - P Williams
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - G Greenlees
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - C Ilyas
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - C Schofield
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Lotia
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - N Amtul
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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12
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Juarez M, Diaz N, Johnston GI, Nayar S, Payne A, Helmer E, Cain D, Williams P, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Fisher BA, Giacomelli R, Gottenberg JE, Guggino G, Kvarnström M, Mariette X, Ng WF, Rosas J, Sánchez Bursón J, Triolo G, Barone F, Bowman SJ. A phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study of oral seletalisib in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1364-1375. [PMID: 32949140 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This phase 2 proof-of-concept study (NCT02610543) assessed efficacy, safety and effects on salivary gland inflammation of seletalisib, a potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS). METHODS Adults with PSS were randomized 1:1 to seletalisib 45 mg/day or placebo, in addition to current PSS therapy. Primary end points were safety and tolerability and change from baseline in EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) score at week 12. Secondary end points included change from baseline at week 12 in EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) score and histological features in salivary gland biopsies. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were randomized (seletalisib n = 13, placebo n = 14); 20 completed the study. Enrolment challenges led to early study termination with loss of statistical power (36% vs 80% planned). Nonetheless, a trend for improvement in ESSDAI and ESSPRI [difference vs placebo: -2.59 (95% CI: -7.30, 2.11; P=0.266) and -1.55 (95% CI: -3.39, 0.28), respectively] was observed at week 12. No significant changes were seen in saliva and tear flow. Serious adverse events (AEs) were reported in 3/13 of patients receiving seletalisib vs 1/14 for placebo and 5/13 vs 1/14 discontinued due to AEs, respectively. Serum IgM and IgG concentrations decreased in the seletalisib group vs placebo. Seletalisib demonstrated efficacy in reducing size and organisation of salivary gland inflammatory foci and in target engagement, thus reducing PI3K-mTOR signalling compared with placebo. CONCLUSION Despite enrolment challenges, seletalisib demonstrated a trend towards clinical improvement in patients with PSS. Histological analyses demonstrated encouraging effects of seletalisib on salivary gland inflammation and organisation. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02610543.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Diaz
- Translational Medicine, UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | | | - Saba Nayar
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Eric Helmer
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Slough, UK
| | - Dionne Cain
- Global Clinical Sciences and Operations, UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Fisher
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Centre For Rare Systemic Auto-Immune Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, IBMC, CNRS UPR 3572, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies auto-Immunes, AP-HP.Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Rheumatology Department, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Wan Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University & NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - José Rosas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Triolo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon J Bowman
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Lewis-Lloyd C, Dubern J, Kalenderski K, Halliday N, Alexander M, Irvine D, Adiamah A, Williams P, Hume D. 616 Preventing Biofilms on BACTIGON® Coated Camstent Urinary Catheters in Patients Undergoing Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Single Centre Pilot Study. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Catheter associated urinary tract infections account for 40% of hospital acquired infections. They are associated with biofilms consisting of bacterial cells enmeshed in a self-generated extracellular matrix adhering to catheter surfaces. We have developed a novel polymer family that, coated onto urinary catheters, creates a “non-stick” surface preventing biofilm development.
Method
Prospective cohort of elective colorectal patients recruited pre-operatively, received a standard silicone (SS) or Camstent (BACTIGON®) coated urinary catheter. After removal, catheters were cut longitudinally into 3 segments. Biomass and biomineralisation were analysed using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Data were normalised by square rooting the catheter indwelling duration. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was performed.
Results
Of 40 patients, 20 each received a SS or coated catheter. Between SS and coated catheters, average indwelling duration was similar and biofilm biomass was 32.068µg/cm2 (95%CI ±21.950) vs. 1.948µg/cm2 (95%CI ±2.595) (P = 0.0111). Confocal microscopy suggested a 93.93% reduction in biofilm biomass on coated catheters. Mineral compositions were different with biofilm and struvite/apatite on SS and calcium oxalate, endogenously derived, on coated catheters.
Conclusions
Inert BACTIGON® coated catheters appear superior at preventing biofilm formation than SS catheters. Clinical trials are needed to determine the clinical and health economic benefit of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lewis-Lloyd
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Dubern
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Kalenderski
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Halliday
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Adiamah
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - P Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Hume
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Significant alterations occur in human physiology and the way medications function in space (1). Understanding the efficacy and pitfalls of pharmacological intervention and developing space-related pharmacy services is therefore integral to ensuring a sustained presence for human spaceflight. In contemporary society, the pharmacist plays a significant role in a person’s health. However, pharmacist input towards the spaceflight participant’s health is minimal to nil.
Aim: T
o explore stakeholder perspectives towards the role of Astropharmacy in the space sector.
Methods
Pharmacists (n = 18) across the globe and space sector participants (n = 18) from governmental, commercial, and space tourism sectors participated, via 27 qualitative interviews and three focus groups. Participants were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling. A six-step thematic analysis was used and mapped into the Job Characteristics Model (JCM). JCM is a theory within work design, aiming to promote work experiences and personal outcomes. There are five job dimensions – skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback which influence three psychological states required for a well-designed job. The three psychological states are meaningfulness, responsibility, and knowledge of work results, which lead to positive work and personal experiences (2).
Results
Three key themes were generated: medication management, medication research, and regulation/licensing. Medication management encompassed safeguarding the space traveller’s health, like space tourists, by conducting medication reviews (pre-and post-flight), medication advice (digital astro-telepharmacy information services during spaceflight) and developing personalised medication. Medication management also included ensuring shelf-life and continuous medication supply for deep space exploration. Medication research included novel drug development, innovative manufacturing, and understanding clinical applications of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of medications in space. Innovative manufacturing like 3-D printing raises questions regarding the need for regulations/licensing of medications use and manufacturing in space. Based on the JCM our findings indicate that Astropharmacy possesses diverse duties eliciting meaningfulness, with clear responsibility and observable workplace results promoting task significance, and both the medication and patient focus promoting task identity. Autonomy was blurred within Astropharmacy as a degree of autonomy is needed due to the field’s novelty, but workforce regulations by governmental space agencies are expected. Lastly, workplace feedback can be achieved in Astropharmacy through performance reviews.
Conclusion
The Astropharmacy role is perceived to involve medication management, medication research and regulation/licensing of medications for space. The work design of astropharmacy is well-reflected in the JCM, implying that a novel and energising opportunity for the pharmacy profession is forthcoming. Although the data generated by qualitative research are not generalizable to other settings, these themes represent the first study to investigate the space sector qualitatively in the context of pharmacy, providing rich foundational data for future research. Consequently, the amalgamation of two previously distinct workplace domains may be a conceivable reality for the future of pharmacy practice.
References
1. Blue RS, Bayuse TM et al. Supplying a pharmacy for NASA exploration spaceflight: challenges and current understanding. Npj Microgravity. 2019;5(1):1–12.
2. Hackman RJ, Oldham G. Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1976;16(2):250–279.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sawyers
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy
| | - C Anderson
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy
| | - M Boyd
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy
| | - P Williams
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy
| | - L S Toh
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy
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15
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Marcovitz A, Gottimukkala R, Bee G, Kilzer J, Mital V, Wong-Ho E, Yang C, Tseng Y, Myrand S, Williams P, Teoh A, Sadis S, Hyland F. P46.07 An Extended Targeted RNA Sequencing for Fusion Detection with Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Szaflarski JP, Sadek A, Greve B, Williams P, Varner JA, Moseley BD. Response to Letter to the Editor "Intravenous brivaracetam and lorazepam for acute seizure control: Are they equally effective?". Epilepsy Behav 2020; 113:107512. [PMID: 33158738 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P Szaflarski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, The UAB Epilepsy Center, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 312, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Ahmed Sadek
- Neurological Services of Orlando, 3849 Oakwater Circle, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.
| | - Bernhard Greve
- UCB Pharma, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 10, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
| | | | - Julie A Varner
- UCB Pharma, 8010 Arco Corporate Drive, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA.
| | - Brian D Moseley
- University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street, Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA.
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17
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Xie F, Williams P, Batchelor R, Downs A, Haigh R. Successful treatment of dermatomyositis and associated calcinosis with adalimumab. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:945-949. [PMID: 33448458 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Xie
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - P Williams
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - R Batchelor
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - A Downs
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - R Haigh
- Department of, Rheumatology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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18
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Vossler DG, Knake S, O'Brien TJ, Watanabe M, Brock M, Steiniger-Brach B, Williams P, Roebling R. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive lacosamide in the treatment of primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1067-1075. [PMID: 32817358 PMCID: PMC7509528 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and safety of lacosamide (up to 12 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/day) as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS) in patients (≥4 years) with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE). METHODS Phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (SP0982; NCT02408523) in patients with IGE and PGTCS taking 1-3 concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Primary outcome was time to second PGTCS during 24-week treatment. RESULTS 242 patients were randomised and received ≥1 dose of trial medication (lacosamide/placebo: n=121/n=121). Patients (mean age: 27.7 years; 58.7% female) had a history of generalised-onset seizures (tonic-clonic 99.6%; myoclonic 38.8%; absence 37.2%). Median treatment duration with lacosamide/placebo was 143/65 days. Risk of developing a second PGTCS during 24-week treatment was significantly lower with lacosamide than placebo (Kaplan-Meier survival estimates 55.27%/33.37%; HR 0.540, 95% CI 0.377 to 0.774; p<0.001; n=118/n=121). Median time to second PGTCS could not be estimated for lacosamide (>50% of patients did not experience a second PGTCS) and was 77.0 days for placebo. Kaplan-Meier estimated freedom from PGTCS at end of the 24-week treatment period (day 166) for lacosamide/placebo was 31.3%/17.2% (difference 14.1%; p=0.011). More patients on lacosamide than placebo had ≥50% (68.1%/46.3%) or ≥75% (57.1%/36.4%) reduction from baseline in PGTCS frequency/28 days, or observed freedom from PGTCS during treatment (27.5%/13.2%) (n=119/n=121). 96/121 (79.3%) patients on lacosamide had treatment-emergent adverse events (placebo 79/121 (65.3%)), most commonly dizziness (23.1%), somnolence (16.5%), headache (14.0%). No patients died during the trial. CONCLUSIONS Lacosamide was efficacious and generally safe as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled PGTCS in patients with IGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Vossler
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Neuroscience Institute, Valley Medical Center, Renton, Washington, USA
| | - Susanne Knake
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Centre Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masako Watanabe
- Shinjuku Neuro Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Jessiman P, Fairbrother H, Williams P, Powell K, Crowder M, Williams J, Kipping R. System-mapping the child health system at a local level to reduce health inequalities. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Systems thinking has emerged as a promising approach to addressing complex public health issues. For children, the focus of the approach has been on single outcomes e.g. obesity, rather than addressing the broad range of inequalities in health outcomes. We report on an approach to developing a system-oriented perspective on the determinants of inequalities in child health and wellbeing in English local authorities.
Methods
Qualitative group concept mapping workshops (a 'soft' system science approach) were held in two contrasting English local authorities with a range of stakeholders: professionals (N = 35); children and young people (N = 33) and carers (N = 5). Initial area maps were refined using data from qualitative interviews with professionals (N = 16) and resulting maps reviewed and validated by expert stakeholders in each area (N = 9; N = 35). Commonalities between two area-specific system maps (and removal of locality-specific factors) were used to develop a map that could be applied in any English local area. Two rounds of online consultation (N = 21; N = 8) and qualitative interviews (N = 12) with experts in public health, local governance and systems science refined the final system map displaying the determinants of child health inequalities, and give insight into its potential utilisation.
Results
The process created a map of over 150 factors influencing inequalities in health outcomes for children aged 0-25 years at the local area level. The system map has six domains; physical environment, governance, economic, social, service, and personal.
Conclusions
To our knowledge this is the first study taking a systems approach to addressing inequalities across all aspects of child health. Group concept mapping can support systems thinking at the local level. The resulting system map illustrates the complexity of factors influencing child health inequalities and is a useful tool for strategy development, action prioritisation and systems evaluation planning.
Key messages
Group concept mapping can be successfully applied to facilitate a systems approach to child health inequalities at the local area level. Mapping the local child health system highlights complex relationships between physical, social, personal, service, governance and economic factors which influence inequalities and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jessiman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H Fairbrother
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Powell
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Crowder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Kipping
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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20
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Szaflarski JP, Sadek A, Greve B, Williams P, Varner JA, Moseley BD. Randomized open-label trial of intravenous brivaracetam versus lorazepam for acute treatment of increased seizure activity. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 109:107127. [PMID: 32417382 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present trial was to assess efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) brivaracetam (BRV) vs. lorazepam (LZP) in patients with epilepsy undergoing evaluation in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) who experienced seizures requiring acute treatment. METHODS This was a phase 2, open-label, randomized, active-control, proof-of-concept trial (EP0087; NCT03021018). Patients (18-70 years) admitted to EMU were randomized 1:1:1 to single-dose bolus IV LZP (dose per investigator's practice), IV BRV 100 mg, or IV BRV 200 mg. Trial medication had to be administered within 30 min of qualifying seizure. Primary efficacy outcome was time to next seizure (clinical observation with electroencephalogram [EEG] confirmation) or to rescue medication use within 12 h of trial medication administration. Secondary outcomes included seizure freedom and rescue medication use within 12 h of trial medication administration. Safety and tolerability outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). RESULTS Overall, 46 patients were randomized, and 45 received trial medication for a qualifying seizure. Patients in the LZP arm had doses from 1 to 4 mg (median: 1 mg). Eleven of 45 patients had a seizure within 12 h of trial medication administration (LZP 5/15 [median time to next seizure: 5.55 h], BRV 100 mg 3/15 [5.97 h], BRV 200 mg 3/15 [3.60 h]). No patients received additional rescue medication to control their qualifying seizure. Most patients were seizure-free over 12 h (LZP 9/15 [60.0%], BRV 100 mg 12/15 [80.0%], BRV 200 mg 12/15 [80.0%]). Rescue medication use within 12 h was numerically higher for LZP (6/15 [40.0%]) vs. BRV 100 mg (1/15 [6.7%]) and vs. BRV 200 mg (2/15 [13.3%]). Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 5/16 (31.3%), 6/15 (40.0%), and 3/15 (20.0%) of LZP, BRV 100 mg, and BRV 200 mg patients; one LZP patient had a serious TEAE (seizure cluster). Most common TEAEs (≥10% of patients) were sedation and somnolence with LZP, and dizziness, headache, and nausea with BRV. SIGNIFICANCE Intravenous LZP, IV BRV 100 mg, and IV BRV 200 mg showed similar efficacy in controlling acute seizure activity in the EMU. Treatment-emergent adverse events were as expected for each medication. Although this trial should be interpreted with caution because of small patient numbers, it suggests a possible role of BRV in the acute treatment of increased seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P Szaflarski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology and the UAB Epilepsy Center, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 312, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Ahmed Sadek
- Neurological Services of Orlando, 3849 Oakwater Cir, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.
| | - Bernhard Greve
- UCB Pharma, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 10, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
| | | | - Julie A Varner
- UCB Pharma, 8010 Arco Corporate Drive, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA.
| | - Brian D Moseley
- University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street, Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA.
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McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng JCK, Atkin G, Azizi A, Cargill Z, China Z, Elliot J, Jebakumar R, Lam J, Mudalige G, Onyerindu C, Renju M, Babu VS, Hussain M, Joji N, Lovett B, Mownah H, Ali B, Cresswell B, Dhillon AK, Dupaguntla YS, Hungwe C, Lowe-Zinola JD, Tsang JCH, Bevan K, Cardus C, Duggal A, Hossain S, McHugh M, Scott M, Chan F, Evans R, Gurung E, Haughey B, Jacob-Ramsdale B, Kerr M, Lee J, McCann E, O'Boyle K, Reid N, Hayat F, Hodgson S, Johnston R, Jones W, Khan M, Linn T, Long S, Seetharam P, Shaman S, Smart B, Anilkumar A, Davies J, Griffith J, Hughes B, Islam Y, Kidanu D, Mushaini N, Qamar I, Robinson H, Schramm M, Tan CY, Apperley H, Billyard C, Blazeby JM, Cannon SP, Carse S, Göpfert A, Loizidou A, Parkin J, Sanders E, Sharma S, Slade G, Telfer R, Huppatz IW, Worley E, Chandramoorthy L, Friend C, Harris L, Jain P, Karim MJ, Killington K, McGillicuddy J, Rafferty C, Rahunathan N, Rayne T, Varathan Y, Verma N, Zanichelli D, Arneill M, Brown F, Campbell B, Crozier L, Henry J, McCusker C, Prabakaran P, Wilson R, Asif U, Connor M, Dindyal S, Math N, Pagarkar A, Saleem H, Seth I, Sharma S, Standfield N, Swartbol T, Adamson R, Choi JE, El Tokhy O, Ho W, Javaid NR, Kelly M, Mehdi AS, Menon D, Plumptre I, Sturrock S, Turner J, Warren O, Crane E, Ferris B, Gadsby C, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Wilson V, Amarnath T, Doshi A, Gregory C, Kandiah K, Powell B, Spoor H, Toh C, Vizor R, Common M, Dunleavy K, Harris S, Luo C, Mesbah Z, Kumar AP, Redmond A, Skulsky S, Walsh T, Daly D, Deery L, Epanomeritakis E, Harty M, Kane D, Khan K, Mackey R, McConville J, McGinnity K, Nixon G, Ang A, Kee JY, Leung E, Norman S, Palaniappan SV, Sarathy PP, Yeoh T, Frost J, Hazeldine P, Jones L, Karbowiak M, Macdonald C, Mutarambirwa A, Omotade A, Runkel M, Ryan G, Sawers N, Searle C, Suresh S, Vig S, Ahmad A, McGartland R, Sim R, Song A, Wayman J, Brown R, Chang LH, Concannon K, Crilly C, Arnold TJ, Burgin A, Cadden F, Choy CH, Coleman M, Lim D, Luk J, Mahankali-Rao P, Prudence-Taylor AJ, Ramakrishnan D, Russell J, Fawole A, Gohil J, Green B, Hussain A, McMenamin L, McMenamin L, Tang M, Azmi F, Benchetrit S, Cope T, Haque A, Harlinska A, Holdsworth R, Ivo T, Martin J, Nisar T, Patel A, Sasapu K, Trevett J, Vernet G, Aamir A, Bird C, Durham-Hall A, Gibson W, Hartley J, May N, Maynard V, Johnson S, Wood CM, O'Brien M, Orbell J, Stringfellow TD, Tenters F, Tresidder S, Cheung W, Grant A, Tod N, Bews-Hair M, Lim ZH, Lim SW, Vella-Baldacchino M, Auckburally S, Chopada A, Easdon S, Goodson R, McCurdie F, Narouz M, Radford A, Rea E, Taylor O, Yu T, Alfa-Wali M, Amani L, Auluck I, Bruce P, Emberton J, Kumar R, Lagzouli N, Mehta A, Murtaza A, Raja M, Dennahy IS, Frew K, Given A, He YY, Karim MA, MacDonald E, McDonald E, McVinnie D, Ng SK, Pettit A, Sim DPY, Berthaume-Hawkins SD, Charnley R, Fenton K, Jones D, Murphy C, Ng JQ, Reehal R, Robinson H, Seraj SS, Shang E, Tonks A, White P, Yeo A, Chong P, Gabriel R, Patel N, Richardson E, Symons L, Aubrey-Jones D, Dawood S, Dobrzynska M, Faulkner S, Griffiths 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Hussein N, Oh SY, Pazhaniappan N, Sharkey E, Sivagnanasithiyar T, Williams C, Yeung J, Cruddas L, Gurjar S, Pau A, Prakash R, Randhawa R, Chen L, Eiben I, Naylor M, Osei-Bordom D, Trenear R, Bannard-Smith J, Griffiths N, Patel BY, Saeed F, Abdikadir H, Bennett M, Church R, Clements SE, Court J, Delvi A, Hubert J, Macdonald B, Mansour F, Patel RR, Perris R, Small S, Betts A, Brown N, Chong A, Croitoru C, Grey A, Hickland P, Ho C, Hollington D, McKie L, Nelson AR, Stewart H, Eiben P, Nedham M, Ali I, Brown T, Cumming S, Hunt C, Joyner C, McAlinden C, Roberts J, Rogers D, Thachettu A, Tyson N, Vaughan R, Verma N, Yasin T, Andrew K, Bhamra N, Leong S, Mistry R, Noble H, Rashed F, Walker NR, Watson L, Worsfold M, Yarham E, Abdikadir H, Arshad A, Barmayehvar B, Cato L, Chan-lam N, Do V, Leong A, Sheikh Z, Zheleniakova T, Coppel J, Hussain ST, Mahmood R, Nourzaie R, Prowle J, Sheik-Ali S, Thomas A, Alagappan A, Ashour R, Bains H, Diamond J, Gordon J, Ibrahim B, Khalil M, Mittapalli D, Neo YN, Patil P, Peck FS, Reza N, Swan I, Whyte M, Chaudhry S, Hernon J, Khawar H, O'Brien J, Pullinger M, Rothnie K, Ujjal S, Bhatte S, Curtis J, Green S, Mayer A, Watkinson G, Chapple K, Hawthorne T, Khaliq M, Majkowski L, Malik TAM, Mclauchlan K, En BNW, Parton S, Robinson SD, Saat MI, Shurovi BN, Varatharasasingam K, Ward AE, Behranwala K, Bertelli M, Cohen J, Duff F, Fafemi O, Gupta R, Manimaran M, Mayhew J, Peprah D, Wong MHY, Farmer N, Houghton C, Kandhari N, Khan K, Ladha D, Mayes J, McLennan F, Panahi P, Seehra H, Agrawal R, Ahmed I, Ali S, Birkinshaw F, Choudhry M, Gokani S, Harrogate S, Jamal S, Nawrozzadeh F, Swaray A, Szczap A, Warusavitarne J, Abdalla M, Asemota N, Cullum R, Hartley M, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Mulvenna C, Phillips J, Yule A, Ahmed L, Clement KD, Craig N, Elseedawy E, Gorman D, Kane L, Livie J, Livie V, Moss E, Naasan A, Ravi F, Shields P, Zhu Y, Archer M, Cobley H, Dennis R, Downes C, Guevel B, Lamptey E, Murray H, Radhakrishnan A, Saravanabavan S, Sardar M, Shaw C, Tilliridou V, Wright R, Ye W, Alturki N, Helliwell R, Jones E, Kelly D, Lambotharan S, Scott K, Sivakumar R, Victor L, Boraluwe-Rallage H, Froggatt P, Haynes S, Hung YMA, Keyte A, Matthews L, Evans E, Haray P, John I, Mathivanan A, Morgan L, Oji O, Okorocha C, Rutherford A, Spiers H, Stageman N, Tsui A, Whitham R, Amoah-Arko A, Cecil E, Dietrich A, Fitzpatrick H, Guy C, Hair J, Hilton J, Jawad L, McAleer E, Taylor Z, Yap J, Akhbari M, Debnath D, Dhir T, Elbuzidi M, Elsaddig M, Glace S, Khawaja H, Koshy R, Lal K, Lobo L, McDermott A, Meredith J, Qamar MA, Vaidya A, Acquaah F, Barfi L, Carter N, Gnanappiragasam D, Ji C, Kaminski F, Lawday S, Mackay K, Sulaiman SK, Webb R, Ananthavarathan P, Dalal F, Farrar E, Hashemi R, Hossain M, Jiang J, Kiandee M, Lex J, Mason L, Matthews JH, McGeorge E, Modhwadia S, Pinkney T, Radotra A, Rickard L, Rodman L, Sales A, Tan KL, Bachi A, Bajwa DS, Battle J, Brown LR, Butler A, Calciu A, Davies E, Gardner I, Girdlestone T, Ikogho O, Keelan G, O'Loughlin P, Tam J, Elias J, Ngaage M, Thompson J, Bristow S, Brock E, Davis H, Pantelidou M, Sathiyakeerthy A, Singh K, Chaudhry A, Dickson G, Glen P, Gregoriou K, Hamid H, Mclean A, Mehtaji P, Neophytou G, Potts S, Belgaid DR, Burke J, Durno J, Ghailan N, Hanson M, Henshaw V, Nazir UR, Omar I, Riley BJ, Roberts J, Smart G, Van Winsen K, Bhatti A, Chan M, D'Auria M, Green S, Keshvala C, Li H, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Michaelidou M, Simmonds L, Smith C, Wimalathasan A, Abbas J, Cairns C, Chin YR, Connelly A, Moug S, Nair A, Svolkinas D, Coe P, Subar D, Wang H, Zaver V, Brayley J, Cookson P, Cunningham L, Gaukroger A, Ho M, Hough A, King J, O'Hagan D, Widdison A, Brown R, Brown B, Chavan A, Francis S, Hare L, Lund J, Malone N, Mavi B, McIlwaine A, Rangarajan S, Abuhussein N, Campbell HS, Daniels J, Fitzgerald I, Mansfield S, Pendrill A, Robertson D, Smart YW, Teng T, Yates J, Belgaumkar A, Katira A, Kossoff J, Kukran S, Laing C, Mathew B, Mohamed T, Myers S, Novell R, Phillips BL, Thomas M, Turlejski T, Turner S, Varcada M, Warren L, Wynell-Mayow W, Church R, Linley-Adams L, Osborn G, Saunders M, Spencer R, Srikanthan M, Tailor S, Tullett A, Ali M, Al-Masri S, Carr G, Ebhogiaye O, Heng S, Manivannan S, Manley J, McMillan LE, Peat C, Phillips B, Thomas S, Whewell H, Williams G, Bienias A, Cope EA, Courquin GR, Day L, Garner C, Gimson A, Harris C, Markham K, Moore T, Nadin T, Phillips C, Subratty SM, Brown K, Dada J, Durbacz M, Filipescu T, Harrison E, Kennedy ED, Khoo E, Kremel D, Lyell I, Pronin S, Tummon R, Ventre C, Walls L, Wootton E, Akhtar A, Davies E, El-Sawy D, Farooq M, Gaddah M, Griffiths H, Katsaiti I, Khadem N, Leong K, Williams I, Chean CS, Chudek D, Desai H, Ellerby N, Hammad A, Malla S, Murphy B, Oshin O, Popova P, Rana S, Ward T, Abbott TEF, Akpenyi O, Edozie F, El Matary R, English W, Jeyabaladevan S, Morgan C, Naidu V, Nicholls K, Peroos S, Prowle J, Sansome S, Torrance HD, Townsend D, Brecher J, Fung H, Kazmi Z, Outlaw P, Pursnani K, Ramanujam N, Razaq A, Sattar M, Sukumar S, Tan TSE, Chohan K, Dhuna S, Haq T, Kirby S, Lacy-Colson J, Logan P, Malik Q, McCann J, Mughal Z, Sadiq S, Sharif I, Shingles C, Simon A, Burnage S, Chan SSN, Craig ARJ, Duffield J, Dutta A, Eastwood M, Iqbal F, Mahmood F, Mahmood W, Patel C, Qadeer A, Robinson A, Rotundo A, Schade A, Slade RD, De Freitas M, Kinnersley H, McDowell E, Moens-Lecumberri S, Ramsden J, Rockall T, Wiffen L, Wright S, Bruce C, Francois V, Hamdan K, Limb C, Lunt AJ, Manley L, Marks M, Phillips CFE, Agnew CJF, Barr CJ, Benons N, Hart SJ, Kandage D, Krysztopik R, Mahalingam P, Mock J, Rajendran S, Stoddart MT, Clements B, Gillespie H, Lee S, McDougall R, Murray C, O'Loane R, Periketi S, Tan S, Amoah R, Bhudia R, Dudley B, Gilbert A, Griffiths B, Khan H, McKigney N, Roberts B, Samuel R, Seelarbokus A, Stubbing-Moore A, Thompson G, Williams P, Ahmed N, Akhtar R, Chandler E, Chappelow I, Gil H, Gower T, Kale A, Lingam G, Rutler L, Sellahewa C, Sheikh A, Stringer H, Taylor R, Aglan H, Ashraf MR, Choo S, Das E, Epstein J, Gentry R, Mills D, Poolovadoo Y, Ward N, Bull K, Cole A, Hack J, Khawari S, Lake C, Mandishona T, Perry R, Sleight S, Sultan S, Thornton T, Williams S, Arif T, Castle A, Chauhan P, Chesner R, Eilon T, Kamarajah S, Kambasha C, Lock L, Loka T, Mohammad F, Motahariasl S, Roper L, Sadhra SS, Sheikh A, Toma T, Wadood Q, Yip J, Ainger E, Busti S, Cunliffe L, Flamini T, Gaffing S, Moorcroft C, Peter M, Simpson L, Stokes E, Stott G, Wilson J, York J, Yousaf A, Borakati A, Brown M, Goaman A, Hodgson B, Ijeomah A, Iroegbu U, Kaur G, Lowe C, Mahmood S, Sattar Z, Sen P, Szuman A, Abbas N, Al-Ausi M, Anto N, Bhome R, Eccles L, Elliott J, Hughes EJ, Jones A, Karunatilleke AS, Knight JS, Manson CCF, Mekhail I, Michaels L, Noton TM, Okenyi E, Reeves T, Yasin IH, Banfield DA, Harris R, Lim D, Mason-Apps C, Roe T, Sandhu J, Shafiq N, Stickler E, Tam JP, Williams LM, Ainsworth P, Boualbanat Y, Doull C, Egan E, Evans L, Hassanin K, Ninkovic-Hall G, Odunlami W, Shergill M, Traish M, Cummings D, Kershaw S, Ong J, Reid F, Toellner H, Alwandi A, Amer M, George D, Haynes K, Hughes K, Peakall L, Premakumar Y, Punjabi N, Ramwell A, Sawkins H, Ashwood J, Baker A, Baron C, Bhide I, Blake E, De Cates C, Esmail R, Hosamuddin H, Kapp J, Nguru N, Raja M, Thomson F, Ahmed H, Aishwarya G, Al-Huneidi R, Ali S, Aziz R, Burke D, Clarke B, Kausar A, Maskill D, Mecia L, Myers L, Smith ACD, Walker G, Wroe N, Donohoe C, Gibbons D, Jordan P, Keogh C, Kiely A, Lalor P, McCrohan M, Powell C, Foley MP, Reynolds J, Silke E, Thorpe O, Kong JTH, White C, Ali Q, Dalrymple J, Ge Y, Khan H, Luo RS, Paine H, Paraskeva B, Parker L, Pillai K, Salciccioli J, Selvadurai S, Sonagara V, Springford LR, Tan L, Appleton S, Leadholm N, Zhang Y, Ahern D, Cotter M, Cremen S, Durrigan T, Flack V, Hrvacic N, Jones H, Jong B, Keane K, O'Connell PR, O'sullivan J, Pek G, Shirazi S, Barker C, Brown A, Carr W, Chen Y, Guillotte C, Harte J, Kokayi A, Lau K, McFarlane S, Morrison S, Broad J, Kenefick N, Makanji D, Printz V, Saito R, Thomas O, Breen H, Kirk S, Kong CH, O'Kane A, Eddama M, Engledow A, Freeman SK, Frost A, Goh C, Lee G, Poonawala R, Suri A, Taribagil P, Brown H, Christie S, Dean S, Gravell R, Haywood E, Holt F, Pilsworth E, Rabiu R, Roscoe HW, Shergill S, Sriram A, Sureshkumar A, Tan LC, Tanna A, Vakharia A, Bhullar S, Brannick S, Dunne E, Frere M, Kerin M, Kumar KM, Pratumsuwan T, Quek R, Salman M, Van Den Berg N, Wong C, Ahluwalia J, Bagga R, Borg CM, Calabria C, Draper A, Farwana M, Joyce H, Khan A, Mazza M, Pankin G, Sait MS, Sandhu N, Virani N, Wong J, Woodhams K, Croghan N, Ghag S, Hogg G, Ismail O, John N, Nadeem K, Naqi M, Noe SM, Sharma A, Tan S, Begum F, Best R, Collishaw A, Glasbey J, Golding D, Gwilym B, Harrison P, Jackman T, Lewis N, Luk YL, Porter T, Potluri S, Stechman M, Tate S, Thomas D, Walford B, Auld F, Bleakley A, Johnston S, Jones C, Khaw J, Milne S, O'Neill S, Singh KKR, Smith R, Swan A, Thorley N, Yalamarthi S, Yin ZD, Ali A, Balian V, Bana R, Clark K, Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Zain N, Webb K, Halliday N, Barrett D, Nash E, Whitehouse J, Honeybourne D, Smyth A, Forrester D, Dewar J, Knox A, Williams P, Fogarty A, Cámara M, Bruce K, Barr H. ePS6.04 2-Alkyl-4-quinolone quorum sensing signal molecules are potential biomarkers in cystic fibrosis pseudomonal infection. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McKernan C, Meharg C, Carey M, Donaldson E, Williams P, Savage L, Meharg AA. Feed-derived iodine overrides environmental contribution to cow milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6930-6939. [PMID: 32475661 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diets worldwide are deficient in iodine, leading to a range of undesirable health effects at the population level. Dairy products are a primary source of iodine in diets for those populations in which iodized salt is not systematically used or available. However, the flows of iodine through dairy agroecosystems are not well understood. The aim of this research was to investigate iodine flows though the dairy agroecosystem, including the influence of atmospheric depositional inputs, environmental variables, season, husbandry, and diet. Three farm-based sampling campaigns were carried out in this investigation, with milk, soil, silage, grass, and feed iodine determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and nonparametric statistical analysis tests were conducted on data sets obtained. Natural iodine inputs into the environment are dominated by atmospheric deposition, which mainly from sea spray, and thus the location of farms relative to the coast and prevailing wind direction. Herbage and silage produced from grass-based systems strongly correlated with soil iodine, yet there was a strong disconnect between soil, forage, and feed and the milk that results. This was due to the levels of iodine in supplemental feeds being approximately 10-fold higher than those in forage-derived feeds. The practice of feed supplementation, accentuated by summer housing of cows, led to elevated milk iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McKernan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - C Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | - M Carey
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - E Donaldson
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - P Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - L Savage
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - A A Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
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Bekker L, Li S, Pathak S, Tolley E, Marzinke M, Justman J, Mgodi N, Chirenje M, Swaminathan S, Adeyeye A, Farrior J, Hendrix C, Piwowar-Manning E, Richardson P, Eshelman S, Redinger H, Williams P, Sista N. Safety and tolerability of injectable Rilpivirine LA in HPTN 076: A phase 2 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis study in women. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 21:100303. [PMID: 32280940 PMCID: PMC7139112 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily oral TDF/FTC is protective against HIV infection when used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, daily adherence to oral PrEP is difficult for many; therefore, finding alternative PrEP strategies remains a priority. HPTN 076 evaluated the long-acting injectable form of rilpivirine (RPV), known as RPV LA for safety, pharmacokinetics and acceptability. METHODS HPTN 076 (NTC 02165202) was a phase 2, double-blind, 2:1 randomized trial comparing the safety of 1200mg RPV LA (LA) to placebo (P). The study included a 28-day oral run-in phase of daily, self- administered oral RPV (25 mg), with directly observed oral dosing about six times. Of 136 enrolled sexually active, HIV-uninfected, low HIV-risk African (100) and US (36) adult women, injectable product was administered in two gluteal, intramuscular (IM) injections once every eight weeks to 122 participants following the oral run-in phase. A maximum of six injection time points occurred over a 48-week period. Acceptability, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) data were collected throughout the study. This paper includes primary endpoint data collected up to the week 52 post enrollment. FINDINGS The median age of the enrolled population was 31 years (IQR: 25,38), median weight 75 kg (IQR: 64, 89), median body mass index (BMI) 30 (IQR: 27, 35), 46% married, 94% Black and 60% unemployed. A total of 122 (80 LA, 42 P) women received at least one injection and 98 (64 LA, 34 P) received all six injections. During the injection phase, three women withdrew from the study (2 LA, 1 P) and 16 women discontinued study product (10 LA, 6 P). Fourteen women (11 LA and 3 P) discontinued oral study product and did not enter the injection phase. Study product discontinuations were not significantly different between the two arms throughout. Of the product discontinuations in the injection phase, 8% in LA and 5% in P arm were due to adverse events (AEs), including one randomized to the P arm with prolonged QTc interval on EKG. The proportion of women who experienced Grade 2 or higher AEs during the injection phase as the primary outcome was not significantly different between the two arms [73.8%, 95% CI: (63.2%, 82.1%) for LA and 73.8%, 95% CI: (58.9%, 84.7%), p>0.99]. Transient Grade ≥2 liver abnormalities occurred in 14% of women in the LA arm compared with 12% in P arm. Three LA women (4%) developed Grade 3 injection site reactions compared with none in P arm. In participants who received at least 1 injection, the geometric mean of overall RPV trough concentrations (Ctrough) was 62.2 ng/mL. In participants who received all six injections, the geometric mean of CTrough through the injection phase and after the last injection were 72.8 ng/mL and 100.9 ng/mL, respectively. At week 52 (eight weeks after last injection), the geometric mean of RPV Ctrough was 75.0 ng/mL. At the last injection visit (Week 44), 80 % of women who answered acceptability questions strongly agreed that they would think about using- and 68% that they would definitely use a PrEP injectable in the future. INTERPRETATION RPV LA IM injections every eight weeks in African and US women were safe and acceptable. Overall, despite more injection site reactions and pain in the participants receiving RPV LA the injections were well tolerated. Data from this study support the further development of injectable PrEP agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.G. Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S. Li
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S. Pathak
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - N.M. Mgodi
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - M. Chirenje
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H. Redinger
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P. Williams
- Johnson and Johnson Global Public Health, Belgium
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Williams P, Schwartz S. Abstract No. 645 Clinical experience with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt downsizing in patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Williams
- Depts. of Medicine and Medical Microbiology Toronto Western Hospital Toronto. Canada MST 2S8
| | - R. Khanna
- Depts. of Medicine and Medical Microbiology Toronto Western Hospital Toronto. Canada MST 2S8
| | - H. Simpson
- Depts. of Medicine and Medical Microbiology Toronto Western Hospital Toronto. Canada MST 2S8
| | - S. I. Vas
- Depts. of Medicine and Medical Microbiology Toronto Western Hospital Toronto. Canada MST 2S8
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Camilleri B, Glancey G, Pledger D, Williams P. The Icodextrin Black Line Sign to Confirm a Pleural Leak in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080402400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Camilleri
- Department of Nephrology The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust Heath Road Ipswich IP4 5PD, United Kingdom
| | - G. Glancey
- Department of Nephrology The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust Heath Road Ipswich IP4 5PD, United Kingdom
| | - D. Pledger
- Department of Biochemistry The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust Heath Road Ipswich IP4 5PD, United Kingdom
| | - P. Williams
- Department of Nephrology The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust Heath Road Ipswich IP4 5PD, United Kingdom
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Williams P, Khanna R, McLachlan DC. Enhancement of Aluminium Removal by Desferrioxamine in a Patient on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis with Dementia. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686088000100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rao Kadam V, Ludbrook G, van Wijk R, Hewett P, Thiruvenkatarajan V, Moran J, Williams P. Ultrasound-guided transmuscular quadratus lumborum block catheter technique: a reply. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:414-415. [PMID: 32022913 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Rao Kadam
- University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - G Ludbrook
- University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - R van Wijk
- University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - P Hewett
- University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | | | - J Moran
- University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - P Williams
- University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
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Maunsell R, Bloomfield S, Erridge C, Foster C, Hardcastle M, Hogden A, Kidd A, Lisiecka D, McDermott C, Morrison K, Recio-Saucedo A, Rickenbach L, White S, Williams P, Wheelwright S. Developing a web-based patient decision aid for gastrostomy in motor neurone disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jurewicz AJG, Rieck KD, Hervig R, Burnett DS, Wadhwa M, Olinger CT, Wiens RC, Laming JM, Guan Y, Huss GR, Reisenfeld DB, Williams P. Magnesium isotopes of the bulk solar wind from Genesis diamond-like carbon films. Meteorit Planet Sci 2020; 55:352-375. [PMID: 32214784 PMCID: PMC7079557 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Genesis Mission returned solar wind (SW) to the Earth for analysis to derive the composition of the solar photosphere from solar material. SW analyses control the precision of the derived solar compositions, but their ultimate accuracy is limited by the theoretical or empirical models of fractionation due to SW formation. Mg isotopes are "ground truth" for these models since, except for CAIs, planetary materials have a uniform Mg isotopic composition (within ≤1‰) so any significant isotopic fractionation of SW Mg is primarily that of SW formation and subsequent acceleration through the corona. This study analyzed Mg isotopes in a bulk SW diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on silicon collector returned by the Genesis Mission. A novel data reduction technique was required to account for variable ion yield and instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) in the DLC. The resulting SW Mg fractionation relative to the DSM-3 laboratory standard was (-14.4‰, -30.2‰) ± (4.1‰, 5.5‰), where the uncertainty is 2ơ SE of the data combined with a 2.5‰ (total) error in the IMF determination. Two of the SW fractionation models considered generally agreed with our data. Their possible ramifications are discussed for O isotopes based on the CAI nebular composition of McKeegan et al. (2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. G. Jurewicz
- Center for Meteorite StudiesArizona State Universitym/c 6004TempeArizona85287USA
| | - K. D. Rieck
- New Mexico Consortium4200 West Jemez Road Suite 200Los AlamosNew Mexico87544USA
| | - R. Hervig
- School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeArizona85287USA
| | - D. S. Burnett
- Department of Geology and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technologym/c 100‐23PasadenaCalifornia91125USA
| | - M. Wadhwa
- School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeArizona85287USA
| | - C. T. Olinger
- GET‐NSA, LLC, AU‐6219901 Germantown RdGermantownMaryland20875USA
| | - R. C. Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (Remote Sensing)ISR‐2, m/s C‐331Los AlamosNew Mexico87545USA
| | - J. M. Laming
- Naval Research LaboratorySpace Science DivisionCode 7684WashingtonDistrict of Columbia20375USA
| | - Y. Guan
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technologym/c 100‐10PasadenaCalifornia91125USA
| | - G. R. Huss
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and PlanetologyUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1680 East‐West Road, Post 504HonoluluHawaii96822USA
| | - D. B. Reisenfeld
- Los Alamos National Laboratory ISR‐1Los AlamosNew Mexico87545USA
| | - P. Williams
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizona85287USA
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White AT, Williams P, Anand V, Benjamin J, Kim S. Cigarettes and Straws: Late Positive Potential Modulation in Mental Illness and Nicotine Addiction. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1-4. [PMID: 31945829 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use remains a major preventable cause of death worldwide, accumulating billions of dollars in healthcare spending annually in the U.S. alone. Evidence has found that among those addicted, individuals suffering with psychiatric illnesses are disproportionally abusing. To assess this disparity, our study observed event related potential (ERP) responses recorded with electroencephalogram (EEG) in chronic smokers with (MI; n=6) and without mental illness (NMI; n=6). We found that the MI group alone presented heightened late positive potential (LPP) responses while processing cigarette (addictive) stimuli compared to neutral images (t-value = 3.11 at Cz, 3.92 at Pz). Our study illustrates the significance of the LPP as a promising biomarker to assess tobacco addiction in individuals facing mental illness.
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Mccleary BV, Mugford DC, Camire MC, Gibson TS, Harrigan K, Janning M, Meuser F, Williams P. Determination of ß-Glucan in Barley and Oats by Streamlined Enzymatic Method: Summary of Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.3.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted involving 8 laboratories (including the authors’ laboratories) to validate the streamlined enzymatic method for determination of ß-D-glucan in barley and oats. In the method, the flour sample is cooked to hydrate and gelatinize ß-glucan, which is subsequently hydrolyzed to soluble fragments with the lichenase enzyme. After volume and pH adjustments and filtration, the solution is treated with ß-glucosidase, which hydrolyzes ß-gluco-oligosaccharides to D-glucose. D-Glucose is measured with glucose oxidase-peroxidase reagent. Other portions of lichenase hydrolysate are treated directly with glucose oxidase-peroxidase reagent to measure free glucose in test sample. If levels of free glucose are high, the sample is extracted first with 80% ethanol. For all samples analyzed, the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values ranged from 3.1 to 12.3% and the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values ranged from 6.6 to 12.3%. The streamlined enzymatic method for determination of ß-D-glucan in barley and oats has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry V Mccleary
- Megazyme International Ireland Ltd., Bray Business Park, Bray, County Wicklow, Ireland
| | - David C Mugford
- Bread Research Institute of Australia, Inc., PO Box 7, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
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Vera N, Gutiérrez C, Allende R, Williams P, Fuentealba C, Ávila-Stagno J. Dose–response effect of a pine bark extract on in vitro ruminal ammonia and methane formation kinetics. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1694575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Vera
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - R. Allende
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - P. Williams
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Fuentealba
- Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - J. Ávila-Stagno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Chen A, Kummar S, Khan S, Moore N, Rubinstein L, Coyne GO, Zhao Y, Palmisano A, Williams P, Datta V, Sims D, Karlovich C, Lih CJ, Raghav K, Meric-Bernstam F, Leong S, Waqar S, Takebe N, Sharon E, Doroshow J. Genomic profiling of three pathways through molecular profiling-based assignment of cancer therapy (NCI- MPACT). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz244.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Williams P, Jennelle R, Cao S, Hu J, Yang D. The Cancer Bell: Another Well-Intentioned Bad Practice? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Williams P, White A, Merino RB, Hardin S, Mizelle JC, Kim S. Facial Recognition Task for the Classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment with Ensemble Sparse Classifier. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019; 2019:2242-2245. [PMID: 31946347 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) require cognitive exams and follow-up neuroimaging, which can be time-consuming and expensive. A great need exists for objective and cost-effective biomarkers for the early detection of MCI. This study uses a sequential imaging oddball paradigm to determine if familiar, unfamiliar, or inverted faces are effective visual stimuli for the early detection of MCI. Unlike the traditional approach where the amplitude and latency of certain deflection points of event-related potentials (ERPs) are selected as electrophysiological biomarkers (or features) of MCI, we used the entire ERPs as potential biomarkers and relied on an advanced machine-learning technique, i.e. an ensemble of sparse classifier (ESC), to choose the set of features to best discriminate MCI from healthy controls. Five MCI subjects and eight age-matched controls were given the MoCA exam before EEG recordings in a sensory-deprived room. Traditional time-domain comparisons of averaged ERPs between the two groups did not yield any statistical significance. However, ESC was able to discriminate MCI from controls with 95% classification accuracy based on the averaged ERPs elicited by familiar faces. By adopting advanced machine-learning techniques such as ESC, it may be possible to accurately diagnose MCI based on the ERPs that are specifically elicited by familiar faces.
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Duhs RM, Evans J, Williams P, Chaudhury P. The early impact of initiatives to close attainment gaps at UCL. Compass 2019; 12. [DOI: 10.21100/compass.v12i1.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of core aspects of efforts to close the black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) attainment gap across University College London (UCL). Although the main ‘Catalyst Student Success’ project focuses on home undergraduate students, at UCL we are also using similar approaches to enhance inclusivity in postgraduate courses. The focus in this paper is nevertheless on undergraduates. The detailed use of student attainment data by the UCL Centre for Teaching and Learning Economics is outlined and discussed to underpin the introduction of the use of UCL’s ‘Inclusive Curriculum Health Check’ (ICHC) – UCL BAME Attainment Project 2018 – as a framework for the initiatives taken by departments. A table with the initial responses from the departments in one faculty is presented and selected points are discussed. The value and potential of the initiatives recommended through the ICHC are explored in a table which links systematic review evidence (Schneider and Preckel, 2017) to the ICHC. Staff actions in partnership with students are designed primarily to have a positive impact on the experience and outcomes of BAME students, but the research evidence suggests that favourable effects will accrue for all students.
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Williams P. Irrelevant cases. Br Dent J 2019; 226:817. [DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carcamo JG, Arias-Darraz L, Alvear C, Williams P, Gallardo MA. Effect of diet and type of pregnancy on plasma metabolic response in sheep and its further effect on lamb performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1943-1952. [PMID: 31004270 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This trial evaluated the individual and interactional effects of diet and type of pregnancy (twin or single) on plasma metabolic response in ewes and their lambs from late pre-partum to late post-partum. Thus, a flock of 18 Ile de France breed sheep, consisting of 8 twin-bearing and 10 single-bearing ewes, were allocated to one of two groups according to their diet, either based on ad libitum naturalized pasture hay (NPH) or red clover hay (RCH), from d 45 pre-partum to d 60 post-partum. Plasma samples were collected at different times to determine albumin, cholesterol, total protein and urea, plus glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in ewes. The data was processed using the lme4 package for R, and SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Windows. The results showed that both diet and type of pregnancy influenced the metabolic profile in ewes, showing an inverse relationship between single- and twin-bearing ewes regarding glucose and especially BHB proportions from pre-partum to birth. During post-partum, higher urea concentrations were observed in twin- and single-bearing ewes fed RCH in contrast to those fed NPH, as a result of the higher-quality forage offered to ewes. Regarding lambs, the diet and type of pregnancy influenced the total protein and urea levels, where an inverse relationship at birth and early post-partum between albumin and cholesterol vs. total protein and urea was detected, reflecting a trend (P value between 0.06 and 0.07) to a better performance by groups of single lambs, especially those from single-bearing ewes fed RCH. Finally, under the conditions of this study, the maternal diet and type of pregnancy influenced the plasma metabolic response in ewes and their lambs, affecting the lamb performance especially at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Carcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Center, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, INCAR, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Arias-Darraz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Center, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, INCAR, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Alvear
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, PO Box 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Williams
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Unoversidad de Concepción, PO Box 3780000, Chillán, Chile
| | - M A Gallardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, PO Box 8580745, Santiago, Chile.
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McLean K, Glasbey J, Borakati A, Brooks T, Chang H, Choi S, Goodson R, Nielsen M, Pronin S, Salloum N, Sewart E, Vanniasegaram D, Drake T, Gillies M, Harrison E, Chapman S, Khatri C, Kong C, Claireaux H, Bath M, Mohan M, McNamee L, Kelly M, Mitchell H, Fitzgerald J, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Antoniou I, Dean R, Davies N, Trecarten S, Henderson I, Holmes C, Wylie J, Shuttleworth R, Jindal A, Hughes F, Gouda P, Fleck R, Hanrahan M, Karunakaran P, Chen J, Sykes M, Sethi R, Suresh S, Patel P, Patel M, Varma R, Mushtaq J, Gundogan B, Bolton W, Khan T, Burke J, Morley R, Favero N, Adams R, Thirumal V, Kennedy E, Ong K, Tan Y, Gabriel J, Bakhsh A, Low J, Yener A, Paraoan V, Preece R, Tilston T, Cumber E, Dean S, Ross T, McCance E, Amin H, Satterthwaite L, Clement K, Gratton R, Mills E, Chiu S, Hung G, Rafiq N, Hayes J, Robertson K, Dynes K, Huang H, Assadullah S, Duncumb J, Moon R, Poo S, Mehta J, Joshi K, Callan R, Norris J, Chilvers N, Keevil H, Jull P, Mallick S, Elf D, Carr L, Player C, Barton E, Martin A, Ratu S, Roberts E, Phan P, Dyal A, Rogers J, Henson A, Reid N, Burke D, Culleton G, Lynne S, Mansoor S, Brennan C, Blessed R, Holloway C, Hill A, Goldsmith T, Mackin S, Kim S, Woin E, Brent G, Coffin J, Ziff O, Momoh Z, Debenham R, Ahmed M, Yong C, Wan J, Copley H, Raut P, Chaudhry F, Nixon G, Dorman C, Tan R, Kanabar S, Canning N, Dolaghan M, Bell N, McMenamin M, Chhabra A, Duke K, Turner L, Patel T, Chew L, Mirza M, Lunawat S, Oremule B, Ward N, Khan M, Tan E, Maclennan D, McGregor R, Chisholm E, Griffin E, Bell L, Hughes B, Davies J, Haq H, Ahmed H, Ungcharoen N, Whacha C, Thethi R, Markham R, Lee A, Batt E, Bullock N, Francescon C, Davies J, Shafiq N, Zhao J, Vivekanantham S, Barai I, Allen J, Marshall D, McIntyre C, Wilson H, Ashton A, Lek C, Behar N, Davis-Hall M, Seneviratne N, Esteve L, Sirakaya M, Ali S, Pope S, Ahn J, Craig-McQuaide A, Gatfield W, Leong S, Demetri A, Kerr A, Rees C, Loveday J, Liu S, Wijesekera M, Maru D, Attalla M, Smith N, Brown D, Sritharan P, Shah A, Charavanamuttu V, Heppenstall-Harris G, Ng K, Raghvani T, Rajan N, Hulley K, Moody N, Williams M, Cotton A, Sharifpour M, Lwin K, Bright M, Chitnis A, Abdelhadi M, Semana A, Morgan F, Reid R, Dickson J, Anderson L, McMullan R, Ahern N, Asmadi A, Anderson L, Boon Xuan JL, Crozier L, McAleer S, Lees D, Adebayo A, Das M, Amphlett A, Al-Robeye A, Valli A, Khangura J, Winarski A, Ali A, Woodward H, Gouldthrope C, Turner M, Sasapu K, Tonkins M, Wild J, Robinson M, Hardie J, Heminway R, Narramore R, Ramjeeawon N, Hibberd A, Winslow F, Ho W, Chong B, Lim K, Ho S, Crewdson J, Singagireson S, Kalra N, Koumpa F, Jhala H, Soon W, Karia M, Rasiah M, Xylas D, Gilbert H, Sundar-Singh M, Wills J, Akhtar S, Patel S, Hu L, Brathwaite-Shirley C, Nayee H, Amin O, Rangan T, Turner E, McCrann C, Shepherd R, Patel N, Prest-Smith J, Auyoung E, Murtaza A, Coates A, Prys-Jones O, King M, Gaffney S, Dewdney C, Nehikhare I, Lavery J, Bassett J, Davies K, Ahmad K, Collins A, Acres M, Egerton C, Cheng K, Chen X, Chan N, Sheldon A, Khan S, Empey J, Ingram E, Malik A, Johnstone M, Goodier R, Shah J, Giles J, Sanders J, McLure S, Pal S, Rangedara A, Baker A, Asbjoernsen C, Girling C, Gray L, Gauntlett L, Joyner C, Qureshi S, Mogan Y, Ng J, Kumar A, Park J, Tan D, Choo K, Raman K, Buakuma P, Xiao C, Govinden S, Thompson O, Charalambos M, Brown E, Karsan R, Dogra T, Bullman L, Dawson P, Frank A, Abid H, Tung L, Qureshi U, Tahmina A, Matthews B, Harris R, O'Connor A, Mazan K, Iqbal S, Stanger S, Thompson J, Sullivan J, Uppal E, MacAskill A, Bamgbose F, Neophytou C, Carroll A, Rookes C, Datta U, Dhutia A, Rashid S, Ahmed N, Lo T, Bhanderi S, Blore C, Ahmed S, Shaheen H, Abburu S, Majid S, Abbas Z, Talukdar S, Burney L, Patel J, Al-Obaedi O, Roberts A, Mahboob S, Singh B, Sheth S, Karia P, Prabhudesai A, Kow K, Koysombat K, Wang S, Morrison P, Maheswaran Y, Keane P, Copley P, Brewster O, Xu G, Harries P, Wall C, Al-Mousawi A, Bonsu S, Cunha P, Ward T, Paul J, Nadanakumaran K, Tayeh S, Holyoak H, Remedios J, Theodoropoulou K, Luhishi A, Jacob L, Long F, Atayi A, Sarwar S, Parker O, Harvey J, Ross H, Rampal R, Thomas G, Vanmali P, McGowan C, Stein J, Robertson V, Carthew L, Teng V, Fong J, Street A, Thakker C, O'Reilly D, Bravo M, Pizzolato A, Khokhar H, Ryan M, Cheskes L, Carr R, Salih A, Bassiony S, Yuen R, Chrastek D, Rosen O'Sullivan H, Amajuoyi A, Wang A, Sitta O, Wye J, Qamar M, Major C, Kaushal A, Morgan C, Petrarca M, Allot R, Verma K, Dutt S, Chilima C, Peroos S, Kosasih S, Chin H, Ashken L, Pearse R, O'Loughlin R, Menon A, Singh K, Norton J, Sagar R, Jathanna N, Rothwell L, Watson N, Harding F, Dube P, Khalid H, Punjabi N, Sagmeister M, Gill P, Shahid S, Hudson-Phillips S, George D, Ashwood J, Lewis T, Dhar M, Sangal P, Rhema I, Kotecha D, Afzal Z, Syeed J, Prakash E, Jalota P, Herron J, Kimani L, Delport A, Shukla A, Agarwal V, Parthiban S, Thakur H, Cymes W, Rinkoff S, Turnbull J, Hayat M, Darr S, Khan U, Lim J, Higgins A, Lakshmipathy G, Forte B, Canning E, Jaitley A, Lamont J, Toner E, Ghaffar A, McDowell M, Salmon D, O'Carroll O, Khan A, Kelly M, Clesham K, Palmer C, Lyons R, Bell A, Chin R, Waldron R, Trimble A, Cox S, Ashfaq U, Campbell J, Holliday R, McCabe G, Morris F, Priestland R, Vernon O, Ledsam A, Vaughan R, Lim D, Bakewell Z, Hughes R, Koshy R, Jackson H, Narayan P, Cardwell A, Jubainville C, Arif T, Elliott L, Gupta V, Bhaskaran G, Odeleye A, Ahmed F, Shah R, Pickard J, Suleman Y, North A, McClymont L, Hussain N, Ibrahim I, Ng G, Wong V, Lim A, Harris L, Tharmachandirar T, Mittapalli D, Patel V, Lakhani M, Bazeer H, Narwani V, Sandhu K, Wingfield L, Gentry S, Adjei H, Bhatti M, Braganza L, Barnes J, Mistry S, Chillarge G, Stokes S, Cleere J, Wadanamby S, Bucko A, Meek J, Boxall N, Heywood E, Wiltshire J, Toh C, Ward A, Shurovi B, Horth D, Patel B, Ali B, Spencer T, Axelson T, Kretzmer L, Chhina C, Anandarajah C, Fautz T, Horst C, Thevathasan A, Ng J, Hirst F, Brewer C, Logan A, Lockey J, Forrest P, Keelty N, Wood A, Springford L, Avery P, Schulz T, Bemand T, Howells L, Collier H, Khajuria A, Tharakan R, Parsons S, Buchan A, McGalliard R, Mason J, Cundy O, Li N, Redgrave N, Watson R, Pezas T, Dennis Y, Segall E, Hameed M, Lynch A, Chamberlain M, Peck F, Neo Y, Russell G, Elseedawy M, Lee S, Foster N, Soo Y, Puan L, Dennis R, Goradia H, Qureshi A, Osman S, Reeves T, Dinsmore L, Marsden M, Lu Q, Pitts-Tucker T, Dunn C, Walford R, Heathcote E, Martin R, Pericleous A, Brzyska K, Reid K, Williams M, Wetherall N, McAleer E, Thomas D, Kiff R, Milne S, Holmes M, Bartlett J, Lucas de Carvalho J, Bloomfield T, Tongo F, Bremner R, Yong N, Atraszkiewicz B, Mehdi A, Tahir M, Sherliker G, Tear A, Pandey A, Broyd A, Omer H, Raphael M, Chaudhry W, Shahidi S, Jawad A, Gill C, Fisher IH, Adeleja I, Clark I, Aidoo-Micah G, Stather P, Salam G, Glover T, Deas G, Sim N, Obute R, Wynell-Mayow W, Sait M, Mitha N, de Bernier G, Siddiqui M, Shaunak R, Wali A, Cuthbert G, Bhudia R, Webb E, Shah S, Ansari N, Perera M, Kelly N, McAllister R, Stanley G, Keane C, Shatkar V, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Henderson L, Maple N, Manson R, Adams R, Semple E, Mills M, Daoub A, Marsh A, Ramnarine A, Hartley J, Malaj M, Jewell P, Whatling E, Hitchen N, Chen M, Goh B, Fern J, Rogers S, Derbyshire L, Robertson D, Abuhussein N, Deekonda P, Abid A, Harrison P, Aildasani L, Turley H, Sherif M, Pandey G, Filby J, Johnston A, Burke E, Mohamud M, Gohil K, Tsui A, Singh R, Lim S, O'Sullivan K, McKelvey L, O'Neill S, Roberts H, Brown F, Cao Y, Buckle R, Liew Y, Sii S, Ventre C, Graham C, Filipescu T, Yousif A, Dawar R, Wright A, Peters M, Varley R, Owczarek S, Hartley S, Khattak M, Iqbal A, Ali M, Durrani B, Narang Y, Bethell G, Horne L, Pinto R, Nicholls K, Kisyov I, Torrance H, English W, Lakhani S, Ashraf S, Venn M, Elangovan V, Kazmi Z, Brecher J, Sukumar S, Mastan A, Mortimer A, Parker J, Boyle J, Elkawafi M, Beckett J, Mohite A, Narain A, Mazumdar E, Sreh A, Hague A, Weinberg D, Fletcher L, Steel M, Shufflebotham H, Masood M, Sinha Y, Jenvey C, Kitt H, Slade R, Craig A, Deall C, Reakes T, Chervenkoff J, Strange E, O'Bryan M, Murkin C, Joshi D, Bergara T, Naqib S, Wylam D, Scotcher S, Hewitt C, Stoddart M, Kerai A, Trist A, Cole S, Knight C, Stevens S, Cooper G, Ingham R, Dobson J, O'Kane A, Moradzadeh J, Duffy A, Henderson C, Ashraf S, McLaughin C, Hoskins T, Reehal R, Bookless L, McLean R, Stone E, Wright E, Abdikadir H, Roberts C, Spence O, Srikantharajah M, Ruiz E, Matthews J, Gardner E, Hester E, Naran P, Simpson R, Minhas M, Cornish E, Semnani S, Rojoa D, Radotra A, Eraifej J, Eparh K, Smith D, Mistry B, Hickling S, Din W, Liu C, Mithrakumar P, Mirdavoudi V, Rashid M, Mcgenity C, Hussain O, Kadicheeni M, Gardner H, Anim-Addo N, Pearce J, Aslanyan A, Ntala C, Sorah T, Parkin J, Alizadeh M, White A, Edozie F, Johnston J, Kahar A, Navayogaarajah V, Patel B, Carter D, Khonsari P, Burgess A, Kong C, Ponweera A, Cody A, Tan Y, Ng A, Croall A, Allan C, Ng S, Raghuvir V, Telfer R, Greenhalgh A, McKerr C, Edison M, Patel B, Dear K, Hardy M, Williams P, Hassan S, Sajjad U, O'Neill E, Lopes S, Healy L, Jamal N, Tan S, Lazenby D, Husnoo S, Beecroft S, Sarvanandan T, Weston C, Bassam N, Rabinthiran S, Hayat U, Ng L, Varma D, Sukkari M, Mian A, Omar A, Kim J, Sellathurai J, Mahmood J, O'Connell C, Bose R, Heneghan H, Lalor P, Matheson J, Doherty C, Cullen C, Cooper D, Angelov S, Drislane C, Smith A, Kreibich A, Palkhi E, Durr A, Lotfallah A, Gold D, Mckean E, Dhanji A, Anilkumar A, Thacoor A, Siddiqui Z, Lim S, Piquet A, Anderson S, McCormack D, Gulati J, Ibrahim A, Murray S, Walsh S, McGrath A, Ziprin P, Chua E, Lou C, Bloomer J, Paine H, Osei-Kuffour D, White C, Szczap A, Gokani S, Patel K, Malys M, Reed A, Torlot G, Cumber E, Charania A, Ahmad S, Varma N, Cheema H, Austreng L, Petra H, Chaudhary M, Zegeye M, Cheung F, Coffey D, Heer R, Singh S, Seager E, Cumming S, Suresh R, Verma S, Ptacek I, Gwozdz A, Yang T, Khetarpal A, Shumon S, Fung T, Leung W, Kwang P, Chew L, Loke W, Curran A, Chan C, McGarrigle C, Mohan K, Cullen S, Wong E, Toale C, Collins D, Keane N, Traynor B, Shanahan D, Yan A, Jafree D, Topham C, Mitrasinovic S, Omara S, Bingham G, Lykoudis P, Miranda B, Whitehurst K, Kumaran G, Devabalan Y, Aziz H, Shoa M, Dindyal S, Yates J, Bernstein I, Rattan G, Coulson R, Stezaker S, Isaac A, Salem M, McBride A, McFarlane H, Yow L, MacDonald J, Bartlett R, Turaga S, White U, Liew W, Yim N, Ang A, Simpson A, McAuley D, Craig E, Murphy L, Shepherd P, Kee J, Abdulmajid A, Chung A, Warwick H, Livesey A, Holton P, Theodoreson M, Jenkin S, Turner J, Entwisle J, Marchal S, O'Connor S, Blege H, Aithie J, Sabine L, Stewart G, Jackson S, Kishore A, Lankage C, Acquaah F, Joyce H, McKevitt K, Coffey C, Fawaz A, Dolbec K, O'Sullivan D, Geraghty J, Lim E, Bolton L, FitzPatrick D, Robinson C, Ramtoola T, Collinson S, Grundy L, McEnhill P, Harbhajan Singh G, Loughran D, Golding D, Keeling R, Williams R, Whitham R, Yoganathan S, Nachiappan R, Egan R, Owasil R, Kwan M, He A, Goh R, Bhome R, Wilson H, Teoh P, Raji K, Jayakody N, Matthams J, Chong J, Luk C, Greig R, Trail M, Charalambous G, Rocke A, Gardiner N, Bulley F, Warren N, Brennan E, Fergurson P, Wilson R, Whittingham H, Brown E, Khanijau R, Gandhi K, Morris S, Boulton A, Chandan N, Barthorpe A, Maamari R, Sandhu S, McCann M, Higgs L, Balian V, Reeder C, Diaper C, Sale T, Ali H, Archer C, Clarke A, Heskin J, Hurst P, Farmer J, O'Flynn L, Doan L, Shuker B, Stott G, Vithanage N, Hoban K, Nesargikar P, Kennedy H, Grossart C, Tan E, Roy C, Sim P, Leslie K, Sim D, Abul M, Cody N, Tay A, Woon E, Sng S, Mah J, Robson J, Shakweh E, Wing V, Mills H, Li M, Barrow T, Balaji S, Jordan H, Phillips C, Naveed H, Hirani S, Tai A, Ratnakumaran R, Sahathevan A, Shafi A, Seedat M, Weaver R, Batho A, Punj R, Selvachandran H, Bhatt N, Botchey S, Khonat Z, Brennan K, Morrison C, Devlin E, Linton A, Galloway E, McGarvie S, Ramsay N, McRobbie H, Whewell H, Dean W, Nelaj S, Eragat M, Mishra A, Kane T, Zuhair M, Wells M, Wilkinson D, Woodcock N, Sun E, Aziz N, Ghaffar MKA. Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:42-50. [PMID: 30579405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. METHODS This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. RESULTS Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. CONCLUSIONS After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.
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Williams P, Bond CM, Burton C, Murchie P. A systematic review of the use, quality and effects of pelvic examination in primary care for the detection of gynaecological cancer. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018; 38:737. [PMID: 29944043 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1444410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This three part systematic review gathered all the current evidence on the use, quality and effects of pelvic examination (abdominal palpation, bimanual vaginal examination ± visualisation of the cervix) in primary care in diagnosing gynaecological cancer. Research questions • Do primary care practitioners perform pelvic examination during the assessment of symptoms, which are potentially indicative of gynaecological cancer? (RQ1) • What is the quality of pelvic examination performed in primary care, in terms of technical competence and interpretation of findings? (RQ2) • Is pelvic examination associated with the referral of patients with gynaecological cancer, and if so, in what way? (RQ3) Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched using a combination of four terms, their MeSH terms and synonyms: pelvic examination; primary care; competency and gynaecological cancer. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. Citation lists of all identified papers were searched. Two authors (PW and PM or CMB or CB) independently screened titles, abstracts and the full texts of publications. Data extraction was performed by PW and duplicated in all papers by a second reviewer (PM, CMB or CB). Paper quality was assessed using CASP methodology. RESULTS Nine hundred fifty four references were identified: 21 met the inclusion criteria: 5 RQ1; 6 RQ2; 10 RQ3. Examination rates prior to referral were generally low: one paper identified pre-referral PE in 52% of the patients; remaining papers demonstrated examination in less than half of the patients with suspicious symptoms. No papers explored GPs' competence at performing PE directly; but one paper identified 39% of 'clinically suspicious' cervices referred for colposcopy as having no abnormality. Pre-referral PE was associated with reduced diagnostic delay and early stage diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Pre-referral pelvic examination in symptomatic women appears to be under-performed, despite urgent suspected cancer referral guideline recommendation to do so (Healthcare Improvement Scotland 2014 ; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2015 ). While no evidence was found to confirm GPs' competence for performing PE, there was an association with shorter diagnostic delay and better outcomes in those women where it was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Williams
- a Institute of Applied Health Sciences , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - C M Bond
- a Institute of Applied Health Sciences , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - C Burton
- b Academic Unit of Primary Care , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , England
| | - P Murchie
- a Institute of Applied Health Sciences , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , Scotland
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Schummers L, Hutcheon J, Hernandez-Diaz S, Williams P, Hacker M, VanderWeele T, Norman W. The effect of short interpregnancy interval on adverse pregnancy outcomes for older mothers: a population-based cohort. Contraception 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Humphry S, Thompson D, Evans R, Price N, Williams P. Newborn and infant physical examination standards in a dedicated clinic for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:566-569. [PMID: 29909671 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2014 our centre started a dedicated clinic for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of the clinic was to streamline DDH referrals, enabling timely review, imaging and multidisciplinary treatment. Ongoing audit has been carried out based on the UK National Screening Committee newborn and infant physical examination (NIPE) guidelines, first published in 2008. Methods A three-year prospective audit was undertaken between 2014 and 2016 assessing compliance with NIPE standards (ST2b and ST2d) relating to timeliness of expert consultation following positive ultrasonography findings of DDH with positive examination or risk factors. Results A total of 257 babies born between January 2014 and December 2016 were seen in our dedicated DDH clinic, with 106 with abnormalities on ultrasonography and 54 requiring treatment. Compliance with 'expert consultation within 4 weeks of age for babies with an abnormality detected on clinical examination and positive ultrasonography' improved from 50% in 2014 to 53% in 2015 and 71% in 2016. Compliance with 'expert consultation within 8 weeks of age for babies with positive risk factors, negative examination and positive ultrasonography' improved from 65% in 2014 to 93% in 2015 and 100% in 2016. Conclusions This prospective audit assessing timeliness of expert consultation has demonstrated ongoing improvements between 2014 and 2016. A greater proportion of babies with ultrasonography evidence of DDH have been seen at the appropriate time. In the majority of cases, this has enabled timely non-invasive treatment with a Pavlik harness rather than surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Humphry
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , UK
| | - D Thompson
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , UK
| | - R Evans
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , UK
| | - N Price
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , UK
| | - P Williams
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the eHealth readiness and changes over time of dietitians in Australia. METHODS Two cross-sectional analyses of Australian dietitians were conducted in 2013 and 2016, using a survey adapted from one conducted in 2011 by the US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The survey encompassed 30 questions on eHealth readiness across five dimensions: access, standards, attitude, aptitude and advocacy. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, chi-squared tests and Z-tests were computed to compare responses from the 2013 and 2016 surveys. RESULTS The survey completion rate represented 14.5% (747) of the Dietitians Association of Australia members in 2013 and 8% (417) in 2016. The survey responses in relation to access and standards suggest that dietitians are well positioned for eHealth. For attitude and aptitude, there is a moderate level of preparedness, with minor improvements over time. Although showing significant improvement (P < 0.05), advocacy highlights the area requiring the most development because the majority of dietitians (61%) reported 'no role' in eHealth solutions. CONCLUSIONS Dietitians are progressing in relation to access, attitudinal and aptitudinal readiness for eHealth, although they rate poorly with respect to advocacy readiness. It was concluded that dietitians are not yet ready, and also that valuable opportunities to achieve the benefits that eHealth can deliver will be missed, if dietitians do not take the lead in guiding the development, selection and implementation of nutrition-related technologies. Strengthening the dimension of advocacy and ensuring collaboration across the profession, drawing on the varying expertise demonstrated across the practice areas and by the different generations, will be central to improving dietitian eHealth readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maunder
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K Walton
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - P Williams
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - M Ferguson
- Dietitian Connection, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - E Beck
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Wykes T, Csipke E, Williams P, Koeser L, Nash S, Rose D, Craig T, McCrone P. Improving patient experiences of mental health inpatient care: a randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 2018; 48:488-497. [PMID: 28726599 PMCID: PMC5757411 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171700188x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorer patient views of mental health inpatient treatment predict both further admissions and, for those admitted involuntarily, longer admissions. As advocated in the UK Francis report, we investigated the hypothesis that improving staff training improves patients' views of ward care. METHOD Cluster randomised trial with stepped wedge design in 16 acute mental health wards randomised (using the ralloc procedure in Stata) by an independent statistician in three waves to staff training. A psychologist trained ward staff on evidence-based group interventions and then supported their introduction to each ward. The main outcome was blind self-report of perceptions of care (VOICE) before or up to 2 years after staff training between November 2008 and January 2013. RESULTS In total, 1108 inpatients took part (616 admitted involuntarily under the English Mental Health Act). On average 51.6 staff training sessions were provided per ward. Involuntary patient's perceptions of, and satisfaction with, mental health wards improved after staff training (N582, standardised effect -0·35, 95% CI -0·57 to -0·12, p = 0·002; interaction p value 0·006) but no benefit to those admitted voluntarily (N469, -0.01, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.22, p = 0.955) and no strong evidence of an overall effect (N1058, standardised effect -0.18 s.d., 95% CI -0.38 to 0.01, p = 0.062). The training costs around £10 per patient per week. Resource allocation changed towards patient perceived meaningful contacts by an average of £12 (95% CI -£76 to £98, p = 0.774). CONCLUSION Staff training improved the perceptions of the therapeutic environment in those least likely to want an inpatient admission, those formally detained. This change might enhance future engagement with all mental health services and prevent the more costly admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, King's College London, London,
UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Trust,
London, UK
| | - E. Csipke
- Division of Psychiatry,
University College London, London,
UK
| | - P. Williams
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, Kings College London, London,
UK
| | - L. Koeser
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, Kings College London, London,
UK
| | - S. Nash
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, Keppel Street, London,
UK
| | - D. Rose
- Service User Research Enterprise, Institute of
Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,
London, UK
| | - T. Craig
- Health Services and Population Research
Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College
London, London, UK
| | - P. McCrone
- Health Economics, Health Services and Population
Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College
London, London, UK
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48
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Bharmal M, Williams P, Hennessy M, Schlichting M, Hunger M, Marrel A, Kaufman H. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients (Pts) with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) receiving avelumab. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx711.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Barr HL, Halliday N, Barrett DA, Williams P, Forrester DL, Peckham D, Williams K, Smyth AR, Honeybourne D, Whitehouse JL, Nash EF, Dewar J, Clayton A, Knox AJ, Cámara M, Fogarty AW. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of systemic alkyl quinolones for P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal study; response to comments. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:e21. [PMID: 29079141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H L Barr
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK.
| | - N Halliday
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D L Forrester
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Peckham
- Leeds Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - K Williams
- Leeds Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A R Smyth
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - D Honeybourne
- West Midlands Adult CF Centre, Heart of England, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J L Whitehouse
- West Midlands Adult CF Centre, Heart of England, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - E F Nash
- West Midlands Adult CF Centre, Heart of England, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Dewar
- Wolfson Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Clayton
- Wolfson Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A W Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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50
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Deane AM, Hodgson CL, Young P, Little L, Singh V, Poole A, Young M, Mackle D, Lange K, Williams P, Peake SL, Chapman MJ, Iwashyna TJ. The rapid and accurate categorisation of critically ill patients (RACE) to identify outcomes of interest for longitudinal studies: a feasibility study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2017; 45:476-484. [PMID: 28673218 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1704500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to measure the impact of an intervention on long-term functional outcomes might be improved if research methodology reflected our clinical approach, which is to individualise goals of care to what is achievable for each patient. The objective of this multicentre inception cohort study was to evaluate the feasibility of rapidly and accurately categorising patients, who were eligible for simulated enrolment into a clinical trial, into unique categories based on premorbid function. Once a patient met eligibility criteria a rapid 'baseline assessment' was conducted to categorise patients into one of eight specified groups. A subsequent 'gold standard' assessment was made by an independent blinded assessor once patients had recovered sufficiently to allow such an assessment to occur. Accuracy was predefined as agreement in >80% of assessments. One hundred and twenty-two patients received a baseline assessment and 104 (85%) were categorised to a unique category. One hundred and six patients survived to have a gold standard assessment performed, with 100 (94%) assigned to a unique category. Ninety-two patients had both a baseline and gold standard assessment, and these agreed in 65 (71%) patients. It was not feasible to rapidly and accurately categorise patients according to premorbid function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - V Singh
- The Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria
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