1
|
Prévot-Monsacré P, Hamaide-Defrocourt F, Guyonvarch O, Masse S, Souty C, Mamou T, Hamel J, Antona D, Mathieu P, Vasseur P, Lévy-Bruhl D, Baroux N, Rossignol L, Vaillant L, Guerrisi C, Hanslik T, Dina J, Blanchon T. What is the relevancy of a surveillance of mumps without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations? Epidemiology of suspected and biologically confirmed mumps cases seen in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020. Vaccine 2024; 42:1065-1070. [PMID: 38092609 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, mumps surveillance is conducted in primary care by the Sentinelles network, the National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella and Santé publique France. AIM The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of suspected mumps in general practice, the proportion of laboratory confirmed cases and the factors associated with a virological confirmation. METHODS General practitioners (GPs) participating in the Sentinelles network should report all patients with suspected mumps according to a clinical definition in case of parotitis and a serological definition in case of clinical expression without parotitis. All suspected mumps cases reported between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. A sample of these cases were tested by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mumps biological confirmation. RESULTS A total of 252 individuals with suspected mumps were included in the study. The average annual incidence rate of suspected mumps in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020 was estimated at 11 cases per 100,000 population [CI95%: 6-17]. A mumps confirmation RT-PCR test was performed on 146 cases amongst which 17 (11.5 %) were positive. Age (between 20 and 29 years old), the presence of a clinical complication and an exposure to a suspected mumps case within the 21 days prior the current episode were associated with a mumps biological confirmation. CONCLUSION If these results confirm the circulation of mumps virus in France, they highlight the limits of a surveillance without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Prévot-Monsacré
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Florent Hamaide-Defrocourt
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Guyonvarch
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Shirley Masse
- Laboratoire de Virologie, UR7310, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Cécile Souty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mamou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Justine Hamel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR1311, National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Denise Antona
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Pauline Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Noémie Baroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Louise Rossignol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France; Département de Médecine Générale, Université Paris Cité, F75018 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Vaillant
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Guerrisi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Boulogne Billancourt, France; Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de Médecine Simone Veil, Versailles, France
| | - Julia Dina
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR1311, National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Villette C, Vasseur P, Lapidus N, Debin M, Hanslik T, Blanchon T, Steichen O, Rossignol L. Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Beliefs and Attitudes of General Practitioners and Pediatricians in France. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153101. [PMID: 35956277 PMCID: PMC9370229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest a decreasing trend in the consumption of meat products and a growing interest in vegetarian diets. Medical support may be relevant, especially when switching to a vegan diet. Our objective was to describe the beliefs and attitudes of primary care physicians toward vegetarian diets. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general practitioners and pediatricians thorough a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, specific care to vegetarians, and the risks and benefits of vegetarian diets according to physicians. Out of the 177 participating physicians, 104 (59%) have seen at least one vegetarian patient in consultation in the last three months. Half of the physicians declared that they would dissuade their patients from switching to a vegan diet (n = 88, 51%) and 14% (n = 24) from switching to an ovo-lacto-vegetarian (OLV) diet. Most physicians (n = 141, 88%) did not feel informed enough about these diets. Physicians thought that the most frequent deficiencies for OLV and vegan diets were iron (76% and 84%, respectively) and protein (45% and 79%, respectively). These results highlight the fact that French primary care physicians feel concerned by this subject and need more information on these diets. Specific recommendations would be useful to support their practice and relationship with vegetarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Villette
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université de Paris Cité, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 27 rue de Chaligny, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Nathanael Lapidus
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 27 rue de Chaligny, F75012 Paris, France
- Public Health Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Marion Debin
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 27 rue de Chaligny, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 27 rue de Chaligny, F75012 Paris, France
- UFR Simone Veil-Santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 55 Avenue de Paris, F78000 Versailles, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Médecine Interne, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, F92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 27 rue de Chaligny, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Steichen
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Médecine Interne, Sorbonne Université, 4 rue de la Chine, F75020 Paris, France
| | - Louise Rossignol
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université de Paris Cité, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F75018 Paris, France
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 27 rue de Chaligny, F75012 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deguen S, Vasseur P, Kihal-Talantikite W. [Societal inequalities and the urban exposome: Social origins for different exposures]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:75-80. [PMID: 35060890 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, many epidemiological studies have proved the adverse health consequences of environmental exposure. For instance, air pollution exposure is recognized to be related with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Noise nuisances are also known to increase cardiovascular diseases and to disturb the sleeping quality. Inversely, the access and availability of various resources, as parks, green spaces, and playgrounds positively affect health, psychological and physical well-being, and favorable health behaviors. In this present literature review, we will focus on the urban dimension of exposome, defined by Robinson et al. as the accumulation of all urban settings favorable or unfavorable to health, from the time of life in utero [1].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Deguen
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), 15 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France - Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique (UMRS 1136), Département d'épidémiologie sociale, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), 15 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Wahida Kihal-Talantikite
- Laboratoire image ville environnement (LIVE), UMR 7362 CNRS, université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasseur P, Sinno-Tellier S, Rousselet J, Langrand J, Roques A, Bloch J, Labadie M. Human exposure to larvae of processionary moths in France: study of symptomatic cases registered by the French poison control centres between 2012 and 2019. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:231-238. [PMID: 33988056 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1919694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Contact with the setae of larvae (caterpillars) of pine or oak processionary moths could induce urticarial or allergic reactions in humans. These species are present in France and presently expanding towards highly populated areas due to climate change and/or human-mediated translocations. We aimed to describe the symptomatic cases of exposure to processionary larvae in France. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of symptomatic cases of exposure to processionary larvae registered by the French poison control centres between 1 January 2012 and 31 July 2019. We reviewed all medical records coded with the agent "larvae". RESULTS Of the 1274 included cases, 59% and 27% corresponded to pine and oak processionary larvae, respectively; the 14% remaining cases concerned unspecified processionary larvae. While the annual number of cases due to pine processionary larvae fluctuated during the study period, cases associated with oak processionary larvae increased steadily. Most of the annual cases occurred between January and May for pine processionary larvae, and April and August for oak processionary larvae (with a peak in March or June, respectively). Among the 1022 cases for which information was available, the sex ratio was 1.2 and the median age was 11 years old. Skin symptoms were reported by 96,3% of the cases, such as pruritus or urticaria. The severity was mild in 96.3% of cases, moderate in 3.5%, and severe in 0.2% (two cases). Ocular or oral exposures led more frequently to severe symptoms than dermal ones (respectively 31% and 18% vs. 2% of cases, p < 10-3). CONCLUSION Since processionary moth larvae exposure is a growing health concern, which can cause severe injuries particularly after ocular or oral exposures, the population, and the professionals should be informed of existing recommendations to avoid exposure and measures to be taken after being exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vasseur
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Sinno-Tellier
- French Agency for Food, environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jérôme Rousselet
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Orléans, France
| | | | - Alain Roques
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Orléans, France
| | - Juliette Bloch
- French Agency for Food, environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Magali Labadie
- Poison Control Centre, University hospital, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Damene D, Alloui Z, Alloui I, Vasseur P. Variable Permeability Effects on Natural Convection in a Vertical Porous Layer with Uniform Heat Flux from the Side. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Auboiron M, Vasseur P, Tonazzini S, Fall A, Castro FR, Sučec I, El Koulali K, Urbach S, Radman-Livaja M. TrIPP-a method for tracking the inheritance patterns of proteins in living cells-reveals retention of Tup1p, Fpr4p, and Rpd3L in the mother cell. iScience 2021; 24:102075. [PMID: 33644711 PMCID: PMC7889982 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of chromatin-bound proteins theoretically plays a role in the epigenetic transmission of cellular phenotypes. Protein segregation during cell division is however poorly understood. We now describe TrIPP (Tracking the Inheritance Patterns of Proteins): a live cell imaging method for tracking maternal proteins during asymmetric cell divisions of budding yeast. Our analysis of the partitioning pattern of a test set of 18 chromatin-associated proteins reveals that abundant and moderately abundant maternal proteins segregate stochastically and symmetrically between the two cells with the exception of Rxt3p, Fpr4p, and Tup1p, which are preferentially retained in the mother. Low abundance proteins also tend to be retained in the mother cell with the exception of Sir2p and the linker histone H1. Our analysis of chromatin protein behavior in single cells reveals potentially general trends such as coupled protein synthesis and decay and a correlation between protein half-lives and cell-cycle duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Auboiron
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.,Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Saphia Tonazzini
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.,Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Arame Fall
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.,Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Francesc Rubert Castro
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Iva Sučec
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Khadija El Koulali
- Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France.,Functional Proteomics Platform, IGF _ CNRS INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France.,Functional Proteomics Platform, IGF _ CNRS INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marta Radman-Livaja
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.,Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasseur P, Dugelay E, Benamouzig R, Savoye G, Lan A, Srour B, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Hugot JP, Julia C, Buscail C. Dietary Patterns, Ultra-processed Food, and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:65-73. [PMID: 32055825 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) tended to increase for several decades. Diet is suspected to be a major determinant of the occurrence of these diseases. This prospective study aimed to assess the associations among occurrence of IBD, dietary patterns, and ultra-processed food in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. METHODS Participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed at least three 24-hour dietary records were included. Incident IBD cases were identified from 3 questionnaires and confirmed by phone or email interview. Major dietary patterns (DPs) were computed using a principal component analysis (PCA) based on 29 food groups' consumption, whereas proportions of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were obtained using the NOVA classification. Multivariable Poisson models were performed to evaluate associations among DP quintiles, UPF proportion (UPFp) in the diet, and incident IBD. RESULTS A total of 105,832 participants were included, contributing 238,924 person-years in a mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 2.2 years. Among them, 75 participants reported an incident IBD. Three major DPs were retained: "healthy," "traditional," and "western." No significant association was found for DPs and UPFp after adjustments for covariates. CONCLUSIONS In this study, neither DPs nor UPF proportion in the diet were significantly associated with the risk of incident IBD after adjustments for covariates. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term association between diet and IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vasseur
- Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France.,Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (APHP), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dugelay
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Avicenne (APHP), Bobigny, France
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France.,Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (APHP), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré (APHP), Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France.,Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (APHP), Bobigny, France
| | - Camille Buscail
- Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France.,Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (APHP), Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pichon M, Motillon G, Cremniter J, Faure JP, Vasseur P, Tougeron D, Burucoa C. Distribution d’Helicobacter pylori : où et comment biopsier pour détecter l’infection et l’antibiorésistance ? Med Mal Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Leenhardt R, Vasseur P, Li C, Saurin JC, Rahmi G, Cholet F, Becq A, Marteau P, Histace A, Dray X, Mesli F, Leandri C, Nion-Larmurier I, Lecleire S, Gerard R, Duburque C, Vanbiervliet G, Amiot X, Philippe Le Mouel J, Delvaux M, Jacob P, Simon-Shane C, Romain O. A neural network algorithm for detection of GI angiectasia during small-bowel capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 89:189-194. [PMID: 30017868 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS GI angiectasia (GIA) is the most common small-bowel (SB) vascular lesion, with an inherent risk of bleeding. SB capsule endoscopy (SB-CE) is the currently accepted diagnostic procedure. The aim of this study was to develop a computer-assisted diagnosis tool for the detection of GIA. METHODS Deidentified SB-CE still frames featuring annotated typical GIA and normal control still frames were selected from a database. A semantic segmentation images approach associated with a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used for deep-feature extractions and classification. Two datasets of still frames were created and used for machine learning and for algorithm testing. RESULTS The GIA detection algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 96%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. Reproducibility was optimal. The reading process for an entire SB-CE video would take 39 minutes. CONCLUSIONS The developed CNN-based algorithm had high diagnostic performances, allowing detection of GIA in SB-CE still frames. This study paves the way for future automated CNN-based SB-CE reading softwares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Leenhardt
- Sorbonne University, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, APHP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- ETIS, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ENSEA, CNRS, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Cynthia Li
- Sorbonne University, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, APHP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; Drexel University, College of Arts & Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Christophe Saurin
- Department of Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, Pavillon L, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Rahmi
- Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Paris, France
| | - Franck Cholet
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Aymeric Becq
- Sorbonne University, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, APHP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marteau
- Sorbonne University, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, APHP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Histace
- ETIS, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ENSEA, CNRS, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Dray
- Sorbonne University, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, APHP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; ETIS, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ENSEA, CNRS, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vasseur P, Pohin M, Jégou J, Favot L, Venisse N, Mcheik J, Morel F, Lecron J, Silvain C. Liver fibrosis is associated with cutaneous inflammation in the imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasiform dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:101-109. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Vasseur
- Nord Deux-Sèvres Hospital; Thouars France
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - M. Pohin
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - J.F. Jégou
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - L. Favot
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - N. Venisse
- University Hospital of Poitiers; Poitiers France
- INSERM; CIC1402; Poitiers France
| | - J. Mcheik
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
- University Hospital of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - F. Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - J.C. Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
- University Hospital of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - C. Silvain
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
- University Hospital of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vasseur P, Tonazzini S, Ziane R, Camasses A, Rando OJ, Radman-Livaja M. Dynamics of Nucleosome Positioning Maturation following Genomic Replication. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2651-2665. [PMID: 27568571 PMCID: PMC5014762 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is thought to carry epigenetic information from one generation to the next, although it is unclear how such information survives the disruptions of nucleosomal architecture occurring during genomic replication. Here, we measure a key aspect of chromatin structure dynamics during replication—how rapidly nucleosome positions are established on the newly replicated daughter genomes. By isolating newly synthesized DNA marked with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), we characterize nucleosome positions on both daughter genomes of S. cerevisiae during chromatin maturation. We find that nucleosomes rapidly adopt their mid-log positions at highly transcribed genes, which is consistent with a role for transcription in positioning nucleosomes in vivo. Additionally, experiments in hir1Δ mutants reveal a role for HIR in nucleosome spacing. We also characterized nucleosome positions on the leading and lagging strands, uncovering differences in chromatin maturation dynamics at hundreds of genes. Our data define the maturation dynamics of newly replicated chromatin and support a role for transcription in sculpting the chromatin template. Nucleosome positions are determined on newly replicated DNA Transcription reorders nucleosomes in gene bodies after DNA replication The HIR complex tightens nucleosome spacing in gene bodies following replication Nucleosome positions on leading and lagging strands depend on genes’ orientation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vasseur
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Saphia Tonazzini
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Rahima Ziane
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Camasses
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Oliver J Rando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Marta Radman-Livaja
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacobs M, Louekari K, Colacci A, Luijten M, Hakkert B, Paparella M, Vasseur P. The international regulatory need for tests and information to develop an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) of non-genotoxic carcinogens. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Jacquet N, Maire MA, Landkocz Y, Vasseur P. Carcinogenic potency of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:305-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
15
|
Tilmant K, Gerets H, Dhalluin S, Hanon E, Depelchin O, Cossu-Leguille C, Vasseur P, Atienzar F. Comparison of a genomic and a multiplex cell imaging approach for the detection of phospholipidosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1414-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Maire M, Jaquet N, Rast C, Vasseur P. Cell transformation assays for the evaluation of in vitro carcinogenesis of chemicals substances and pollutants. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Jacquet N, Maire MA, Rast C, Bonnard M, Vasseur P. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) acts as a tumor promoter on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2011; 19:2537-2549. [PMID: 22828883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (C(8)F(17)SO(3)) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (C(8)HF(15)O(2)) are synthetic chemicals widely used in industrial applications for their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. They are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to mammalian species. Their widespread distribution on earth and contamination of human serum raised concerns about long-term side effects. They are suspected to be carcinogenic through a nongenotoxic mode of action, a mechanism supported by recent findings that PFOS induced cell transformation but no genotoxicity in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. In the present study, we evaluated carcinogenic potential of PFOA using the cell transformation assay on SHE cells. The chemical was applied alone or in combination with a nontransformant concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 0.4 μM) in order to detect PFOA ability to act as tumor initiator or tumor promoter. The results showed that PFOA tested alone in the range 3.7 × 10(-5) to 300 μM did not induce SHE cell transformation frequency in a 7-day treatment. On the other side, the combination BaP/PFOA induced cell transformation at all PFOA concentrations tested, which revealed synergistic effects. No genotoxicity of PFOA on SHE cells was detected using the comet assay after 5 and 24 h of exposure. No significant increase in DNA breakage was found in BaP-initiated cells exposed to PFOA in a 7-day treatment. The whole results showed that PFOA acts as a tumor promoter and a nongenotoxic carcinogen. Cell transformation in initiated cells was observed at concentrations equivalent to the ones found in human serum of nonoccupationally and occupationally exposed populations. An involvement of PFOA in increased incidence of cancer recorded in occupationally exposed population cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Jacquet
- Laboratory Interactions Ecotoxicology Biodiversity Ecosystems, University Paul Verlaine, CNRS UMR 7146, Rue du General Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alloui Z, Guiet J, Vasseur P, Reggio M. Natural convection of nanofluids in a shallow rectangular enclosure heated from the side. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
19
|
Ouvrard S, Barnier C, Bauda P, Beguiristain T, Biache C, Bonnard M, Caupert C, Cébron A, Cortet J, Cotelle S, Dazy M, Faure P, Masfaraud JF, Nahmani J, Palais F, Poupin P, Raoult N, Vasseur P, Morel JL, Leyval C. In situ assessment of phytotechnologies for multicontaminated soil management. Int J Phytoremediation 2011; 13 Suppl 1:245-263. [PMID: 22046763 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.568546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to human activities, large volumes of soils are contaminated with organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and very often by metallic pollutants as well. Multipolluted soils are therefore a key concern for remediation. This work presents a long-term evaluation of the fate and environmental impact of the organic and metallic contaminants of an industrially polluted soil under natural and plant-assisted conditions. A field trial was followed for four years according to six treatments in four replicates: unplanted, planted with alfalfa with or without mycorrhizal inoculation, planted with Noccaea caerulescens, naturally colonized by indigenous plants, and thermally treated soil planted with alfalfa. Leaching water volumes and composition, PAH concentrations in soil and solutions, soil fauna and microbial diversity, soil and solution toxicity using standardized bioassays, plant biomass, mycorrhizal colonization, were monitored. Results showed that plant cover alone did not affect total contaminant concentrations in soil. However, it was most efficient in improving the contamination impact on the environment and in increasing the biological diversity. Leaching water quality remained an issue because of its high toxicity shown by micro-algae testing. In this matter, prior treatment of the soil by thermal desorption proved to be the only effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ouvrard
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Nancy-Université, INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Brice A, Pommery J, Pommery N, Urien A, Vasseur P, Erb F. Suivi de la qualité des eaux d'alimentation en cours de traitement : intérêt des tests biologiques de toxicité. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/water/19841503237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
22
|
Bonnard M, Devin S, Leyval C, Morel JL, Vasseur P. The influence of thermal desorption on genotoxicity of multipolluted soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2010; 73:955-960. [PMID: 20236704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A multipolluted soil sampled from a former coking plant in Lorraine (France) was evaluated for its genotoxic effects on coelomocytes of the Eisenia fetida earthworm using the comet assay. The biological efficiency of thermal desorption of the contaminated soil was also investigated. The untreated polluted soil was shown to be genotoxic to earthworms. Although thermal desorption reduced the concentration of PAHs by 94% (Sigma(16 PAHs)=1846 and 101 mg/kg before and after thermal desorption, respectively), the treatment did not eliminate the genotoxicity of soil pollutants to earthworms but increased it. The concentration of non-volatile metals did not change after thermal desorption. Among metals found in the treated soil, cadmium, chromium and nickel could explain the genotoxicity of the contaminated soil after thermal desorption. The treatment could increase the bioavailability and genotoxicity of heavy metals, through a modification of the soil's organic matter, the speciation of heavy metals and their binding to organic matter. This study underlines the importance of measuring biological effects, in order to evaluate the risk associated with formerly contaminated soils and the efficiency of remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bonnard
- Laboratory Interactions Ecotoxicology, Biodiversity, Ecosystems, University Paul Verlaine-Metz, CNRS UMR 7146, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Délestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alloui Z, Merabtine A, Vasseur P. Soret and thermosolutal effects on natural convection in a vertical cavity filled with a binary mixture. CAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Maire MA, Bazin E, Fessard V, Rast C, Humpage A, Vasseur P. Morphological cell transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells by the cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin. Toxicon 2010; 55:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Lemiere S, Cossu-Leguille C, Charissou AM, Vasseur P. DNA damage (comet assay) and 8-oxodGuo (HPLC-EC) in relation to oxidative stress in the freshwater bivalveUnio tumidus. Biomarkers 2008; 10:41-57. [PMID: 16097392 DOI: 10.1080/13547500500038783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between DNA damage and oxidative stress in the digestive gland, gills and haemocytes of the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus were investigated. Two markers of genotoxicity were measured: DNA breaks by means of the comet assay, and oxidative DNA lesions by means of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrochemical detection. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) tissue levels. Effects were studied after exposure of bivalves for 6 days to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (50 and 100 microg l(-1)) and ferric iron (20 and 40 mg l(-1)), applied alone or in combination. Lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland and gills resulted from exposure to Fe3+ or B[a]P whatever the concentrations tested. DNA oxidatively formed lesions were induced in the two tissues at a higher level after B[a]P exposure than after Fe3+ treatment. No significant dose-response relationship was found with the two compounds and no synergistic effect was observed between Fe3+ and B[a]P. The gills appeared less sensitive than the digestive gland to DNA lesions expressed as 8-oxodGuo and comet results. Good correlations were noted between 8-oxodGuo and comet. MDA and DNA damage did not correlate as well, although it was stronger in the digestive gland than in the gills. Production of mucus by the gills likely served to prevent lesions by reducing the bioavailability of the chemicals tested, which could explain that dose-effect relationships and synergistic effects were not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lemiere
- ESE, CNRS FRE 2635, University of Metz, UFR SciFA, Metz, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vasseur P, Bonnard M, Palais F, Eom IC, Morel JL. Bioavailability of chemical pollutants in contaminated soils and pitfalls of chemical analyses in hazard assessment. Environ Toxicol 2008; 23:652-656. [PMID: 18561306 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decision-making for remediation of industrial wastelands are still based on the concentrations of pollutants of concern measured in soils. In this work, two soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals were investigated for their toxicity on earthworms (Eisenia fetida), collembolae (Folsomia candida), and higher plants (Brassica chinensis, Lactucca sativa and Avena sativa) in order to study the relationships between chemical contamination and biological effects. Although the level of contamination by PAHs was elevated and commensurate in the two soils, their toxicity profile was quite different. Soil A affected survival and reproduction of invertebrates and growth of higher plants. Surprisingly, soil B, heavily contaminated by metals in addition to PAHs, was devoid of toxicity. Our results indicate that toxicity cannot simply be extrapolated from pollutant concentrations in a complex matrix in which bioavailability of pollutants may be reduced by ageing. Moreover, the use of toxicity data obtained from spiked soils characterized by readily bioavailable pollutants can also be called into question for such extrapolations. Predicting biological effects therefore requires biological tools to avoid any erroneous conclusions that can be drawn from sole extrapolation of analytical results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vasseur
- CNRS UMR 7146, Lab. Interactions, Ecotoxicology, Biodiversity, Ecosystems, University of Metz, rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eom IC, Rast C, Veber AM, Vasseur P. Ecotoxicity of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2007; 67:190-205. [PMID: 17382389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples from a former cokery site polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed for their toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms and for their mutagenicity. The total concentration of the 16 PAHs listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) was 2634+/-241 mg/kgdw in soil samples. The toxicity of water-extractable pollutants from the contaminated soil samples was evaluated using acute (Vibrio fischeri; Microtox test, Daphnia magna) and chronic (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Ceriodaphnia dubia) bioassays and the EC values were expressed as percentage water extract in the test media (v/v). Algal growth (EC50-3d=2.4+/-0.2% of the water extracts) and reproduction of C. dubia (EC50-7d=4.3+/-0.6%) were the most severely affected, compared to bacterial luminescence (EC50-30 min=12+/-3%) and daphnid viability (EC50-48 h=30+/-3%). The Ames and Mutatox tests indicated mutagenicity of water extracts, while no response was found with the umu test. The toxicity of the soil samples was assessed on the survival and reproduction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and collembolae (Folsomia candida), and on the germination and growth of higher plants (Lactuca sativa L.: lettuce and Brassica chinensis J.: Chinese cabbage). The EC50 values were expressed as percentage contaminated soil in ISO soil test medium (weight per weight-w/w) and indicated severe effects on reproduction of the collembola F. candida (EC50-28 d=5.7%) and the earthworm E. fetida (EC50-28 d=18% and EC50-56 d=8%, based on cocoon and juvenile production, respectively). Survival of collembolae was already affected at a low concentration of the contaminated soil (EC50-28 d=11%). The viability of juvenile earthworms was inhibited at much lower concentrations of the cokery soil (EC50-14 d=28%) than the viability of adults (EC50-14 d=74%). Only plant growth was inhibited (EC50-17d=26%) while germination was not. Chemical analyses of water extracts allowed us to identify inorganic water-extractable pollutants as responsible for toxicity on aquatic species, especially copper for effects on D. magna and C. dubia. The soil toxicity on collembolae and earthworms could be explained by 4 PAH congeners-fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene. Yet, toxicity of the cokery soil as a whole was much lower than toxicity that could be deduced from the concentration of each congener in spiked soils, indicating that pollutants in the soil became less bioavailable with ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I C Eom
- NIER, Environmental Research Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, 404-170 Incheon, South Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maire MA, Rast C, Landkocz Y, Vasseur P. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: effects on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation, c-Myc expression, DNA damage and apoptosis. Mutat Res 2007; 631:124-36. [PMID: 17540612 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a selective, systemic auxin-type herbicide extensively used throughout the world. The present research was aimed at studying effects of low and non-cytotoxic concentrations of 2,4-D on SHE cells in relation with carcinogenicity. Effects were studied on Syrian hamster morphological cell transformation, c-Myc expression - both at the gene and protein level - DNA damage and apoptosis. 2,4-D significantly induced cell transformation at 11.5 microM and 23 microM (i.e. 2.5 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL). An increase in the expression of the transcription factor c-Myc, measured by use of RT-PCR with respect to mRNA level and by Western blotting for protein level was registered at these concentrations, as well as genotoxic effects evaluated with the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Consequences for apoptosis of 2,4-D treatment were also investigated. The fluorochrome acridine orange was used to study DNA fragmentation as a marker of apoptosis. No effect on apoptosis was found at 2,4-D concentrations that induced cell transformation. This was confirmed by the unchanged expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, two regulator genes of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate the transforming and genotoxic effects of low concentrations of 2,4-D in mammalian cells. This information contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of 2,4-D toxicity in mammalian cells and demonstrates that 2,4-D should be considered as potentially hazardous to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Maire
- Laboratoire Ecotoxicité Santé Environnementale, CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Metz, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Rue Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- L. Robillard
- a Ecole Polytechnique , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - A. Bahloul
- a Ecole Polytechnique , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - P. Vasseur
- a Ecole Polytechnique , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Coffinet S, Cossu-Leguille C, Bassères A, Gonnet JF, Vasseur P. Artificial streams in the assessment of environmental hazard of chemicals. Environ Toxicol 2006; 21:450-6. [PMID: 16944504 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial streams are dynamic mesocosms, simulating aquatic systems and rivers. They are useful to study ecotoxicity of chemicals and their effects on flora and fauna colonizing the streams or introduced into the channels. These artificial rivers can also be used to study the influence of ecological and hydrodynamic parameters, such as the kind of substrate of river and flow rate. Responses of the bivalve Unio tumidus to substrate type (silt, sand, and pebbles) and water flow rate (high and low) were investigated after 15 and 35 days in the channels, in order to optimize the experimental conditions for ecotoxicity study with methyl methacrylate (MMA). The toxicological effects of different concentrations of MMA on bivalves and on communities of invertebrates and diatoms were determined after several weeks of exposure at a high flow rate. Biomarkers responses measured in the digestive gland and the gills of U. tumidus were the activities of detoxification systems as early indicators of toxicity and lipid peroxidation as a marker of cytotoxicity. Effects of MMA resulted in a decrease in antioxidant activities. Disturbances in bivalves appeared at lower concentrations than in communities. This indicates sensitivity of the biomarkers studied, which are predictive indicators of ecotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Coffinet
- Laboratoire Ecotoxicité, Santé Environnementale, CNRS UMR 7146, Université Paul Verlaine, rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pachura-Bouchet S, Blaise C, Vasseur P. Toxicity of nonylphenol on the cnidarian Hydra attenuata and environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol 2006; 21:388-94. [PMID: 16841324 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols and their derivatives, alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEs), are synthetic chemicals of concern owing to their endocrine properties. Nonylphenol (NP) is a critical APE metabolite because of its recalcitrance to biodegradation, toxicity, and ability to bio-accumulate in aquatic organisms. Studies of NP effects in vertebrates demonstrated estrogenic disrupting properties in fish, birds, reptiles, and mammal cells in which NP displaces the natural estrogen from its receptor. Less is known on its toxicity toward invertebrates. Effects on reproduction have been reported, but toxicity on development has been poorly documented thus far. We investigated NP toxicity on survival and regeneration of the freshwater coelenterate Hydra attenuata. Hydra is known for its regenerative capacity and its sensitivity to chemical pollution. It has been used for over 20 years to screen for teratogenicity of chemicals (Johnson et al. (1982) Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 2:263-276). Our results showed that hydra appeared as one of the most sensitive species to acute and chronic toxicity of NP compared to several freshwater invertebrates. Regeneration was disrupted at NP concentrations lower than those affecting survival. Toxicity thresholds of NP for aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates are also reported and discussed in the context of environmental risk assessment and of water quality objectives recommended for surface waters in industrialized countries. NP levels have decreased during the last decade because of a voluntary agreement of surfactant producers and users. At present, concentrations of NP found in surface waters are far below 1 microg/L in Europe, but can reach several microg/L when wastewater treatment plant inefficiency occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pachura-Bouchet
- Laboratoire ESE, CNRS UMR 7146, UFR Sciences, Université de Metz, rue du général Delestraint 57070, Metz, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maire MA, Rast C, Vasseur P. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) increases Bcl-2/Bax ratio and modifies c-myc expression in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Toxicol Lett 2005; 158:237-45. [PMID: 15923092 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the anti-apoptotic properties of the non-genotoxic rodent carcinogen, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. We demonstrated that a 24 h pre-treatment of SHE cells with 50 microM DEHP inhibited apoptosis triggered by growth factors deprivation. The RNA expression levels of the regulator genes involved in the apoptotic pathway, bcl-2, bax and of c-myc were measured using Western blotting and RT-PCR. We showed that a 24 h treatment of SHE cells with 50 microM DEHP increased (P < 0.05) the bcl-2 expression, while c-myc expression was decreased. No effect on bax expression was observed in the range of 10-50 microM. The defective regulation of apoptosis caused by DEHP treatment could contribute to its carcinogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Maire
- ESE, Université de Metz, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Bridoux, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
L'amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement passe par la réalisation de contrôles de toxicité in situ et en continu des sources de pollution ou des milieux contaminés, à l'aide de systèmes automatisés à réponse rapide. Les systèmes donnant une réponse en temps réel permettent d'intervenir immédiatement à la source, d'interrompre le rejet d'un flux toxique et de prévenir ainsi les accidents de pollution. Ce type de stratégie ne peut être développé qu'au moyen de biocapteurs : les méthodes d'essais conventionnelles n'autorisent que des contrôles de toxicité épisodiques, en laboratoire, effectués dans des conditions statiques quelque peu éloignées des conditions dynamiques.
Nous nous sommes intéressés à la mesure de l'activité photosynthétique d'algues unicellulaires immobilisées. La photosynthèse induite par des stimuli lumineux est en effet un processus dont la réponse est immédiate et aisément mesurable à l'aide de transducteurs électrochimiques. Il apparaît donc intéressant d'utiliser ces réactions photosynthétiques pour la détection des polluants.
Deux dispositifs mesurant l'activité photosynthétique d'algues unicellulaires ont été testés. Le premier dispositif mesure le transfert d'électrons le long de la chaîne photosynthétique lors d'une illumination des micro-organismes. Le second système permet de quantifier la production d'oxygène résultant de cette excitation lumineuse.
La mesure du transfert d'électrons photosynthétiques nécessite l'addition d'une substance oxydo-réductible (médiateur) dans le milieu pour capter ces électrons. De la série de médiateurs testés, seuls les dérivés à caractère lipophile (2,6-diméthylbenzoquinone et p-benzoquinone) ont permis de mesurer un transfert d'électrons. Toutefois la durée de vie de ce biocapteur s'est révélée limitée à moins de 24 heures, ce qui exclut toute utilisation en continu.
Le second dispositif développé présente en revanche une longévité d'une semaine, ce qui le rend intéressant en vue d'une utilisation in situ. Les performances de ce capteur à oxygène ont été testées sur des produits de type herbicides, cyanures, métaux et comparées aux valeurs obtenues à l'aide de tests algues classiques ou de méthodes de détection rapide de la toxicité.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Cet article présente l'ensemble des biocapteurs en cours d'étude et proposés pour le contrôle en continu, automatisé et in situ de la qualité des eaux. Le principe des systèmes, étudiés jusqu'ici majoritairement en laboratoire et sur pilote, sera donné avec leurs performances au plan sensibilité et spécificité de détection des polluants hydriques. Ces performances conditionnent leur domaine d'application : les systèmes très sensibles étant affectés au contrôle des eaux d'alimentation et des eaux souterraines, les moins sensibles au contrôle des effluents très contaminés.
Les biocapteurs peuvent se caractériser par deux de leurs composantes principales :
- le réactif biologique ou biocatalyseur, sensible au(x) polluant(s);
- le détecteur appelé transducteur, qui traduit la réponse biologique du biocatalyseur en un signal électrique. Le transducteur peut être de type optique, électrochimique, ampérométrique principalement, ou piézoélectrique.
Trois grands types de biocapteurs peuvent être distingués selon la nature du biocatalyseur :
- les bioréacteurs, basés sur l'étude des réponses comportementales des vertébrés (poissons) et d'autres organismes aquatiques (microcrustacés, bivalves):
- les biosondes cellulaires reposant sur l'étude des fonctions métaboliques telles que la respiration, la bioluminescence, la photosynthèse de microorganismes immobilisés (bactéries, microalgues, levures) ou libres (boues activées) dans le milieu analysé:
- les biocapteurs "d'affinité" basés sur l'utilisation d'enzymes ou d'anticorps, chargés de détecter respectivement les substrats et inhibiteurs enzymatiques spécifiques, ou les substances antigéniques vis à vis desquelles les anticorps ont été développés. Ces systèmes sont, par principe, les plus spécifiques mais aussi les plus sensibles. Ils ne couvrent, cependant, qu'une gamme encore très limitée de micropolluants hydriques.
Le degré d'autonomie d'un biocapteur, sa facilité d'utilisation et de maintenance et sa fiabilité, sont des éléments qui rentrent en ligne de compte dans les performances. Ces qualités devront être évaluées lors de la phase de validation in situ, essentielle et déterminante pour juger de l'intérêt du système en conditions de fonctionnement réel.
Collapse
|
37
|
Multigner L, Catala M, Cordier S, Delaforge M, Fenaux P, Garnier R, Rico-Lattes I, Vasseur P. The INSERM expert review on glycol ethers: findings and recommendations. Toxicol Lett 2005; 156:29-37. [PMID: 15705485 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of glycol ethers and their effects on health have recently attracted the attention of the French health authorities. At their request, INSERM, the French Institute of Health and Medical Research, conducted a collective expertise review on glycol ethers in 1999. INSERM Expertise Reviews are independent procedures performed by experts from several disciplines, to guarantee the objectivity and the relevance of the report. During several work sessions, the experts carried out a critical analysis of and reviewed studies concerning the toxicity of glycol ethers. This process resulted in a series of recommendations and conclusions. All these data have been published in the form of a report and have been used to help the public authorities to make decisions on how to prevent risks for professionals and consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Multigner
- INSERM U 625, Campus de Beaulieu, Universite de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maire MA, Rast C, Pagnout C, Vasseur P. Changes in expression of bcl-2 and bax in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells exposed to ZnCl2. Arch Toxicol 2004; 79:90-101. [PMID: 15551063 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is involved in many physiological processes and plays a critical role in functional and structural cells. Zinc at concentrations ranging from 100 to 150 micromol L(-1) has been shown to induce morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. At these concentrations, zinc inhibited apoptosis in SHE cells. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of action of zinc on the apoptotic pathway. Effects of 100 and 150 micromol L(-1) ZnCl(2) on the expression of two members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and on the transcription factor c-Myc in SHE cells was investigated using RT-PCR. No effect on the proto-oncogene c-myc was observed. Up-regulation of bcl-2 expression was found and bax expression was reduced. These changes have been corroborated by immunoblotting. Effects of Zn(2+) on bcl-2/bax ratio were confirmed in apoptotic camptothecin-treated SHE cells. Cloned and sequenced cDNAs obtained from RT-PCR amplifications allowed us to check the RT-PCR products encoded the expected proteins. This study demonstrated that zinc acts in the early phases of the apoptotic process by modification of the bcl-2/bax ratio in normal and apoptotic SHE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Maire
- ESE, CNRS FRE 2635, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Metz, rue Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Environmental stress factors may be responsible for biological changes in living species that are able to overcome deleterious effects depending on their detoxifying capacities. Defense systems present in every living species are involved in elimination of reactive chemical species of endogenous or exogenous origin, neutralization of their effects, repair of initial lesions, and compensation of deficient metabolic pathways. Consequently, the performance of defense systems and their inducibility will explain adaptation to environmental disturbances, whereas their alteration will augur toxicity in the exposed species. Several field studies have illustrated the relationships between antioxidants and toxicity in benthic invertebrates in rivers. They highlighted that defense systems may be useful biomarkers in mechanistic studies of ecotoxicity and in the biomonitoring of living species in polluted environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vasseur
- Lab Ecotoxicity, Environmental Safety, CNRS FRE 2635, UFR Sci.F.A., University of Metz, rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Charissou AM, Cossu-Leguille C, Vasseur P. Relationship between two oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, in the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus. Sci Total Environ 2004; 322:109-122. [PMID: 15081742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2003] [Revised: 09/12/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the question of the relation between cellular and genomic oxidative damages in freshwater bivalves in realistic conditions of exposure in the field. Membrane and genomic oxidative damages were studied by means of lipid peroxidation and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. The biomarkers were measured in the digestive gland and the gills of mussels (Unio tumidus) after 7 and 21 days of exposure in four ponds of the Moselle Basin, during three field studies conducted in 1999 and 2000. Effects measured at three sites (1R, 3C and 4M) were moderate and lipid peroxidation was slightly enhanced in mussels transferred in these ponds. In contrast, an important degradation was observed at site 2V reflected by a sharp increase in MDA and 8-oxodGuo concentrations in 2000. The biomarker responses agreed with the results of physicochemical analyses that indicated a worsening of water quality at the same site. Globally, a relationship was found between MDA increase and 8-oxodGuo formation, in the digestive gland after 7 days of exposure, and later in the gills (21 days). Responses of the digestive glands and gills to the oxidative parameters appeared correlated only after 21 days of exposure. The biomarkers selected confirmed their sensitivity for appraising the water quality of hydrosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Charissou
- Lab ESE, CNRS FRE 2635, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Metz, 57070 Metz, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
In order to test the hypothesis of a relationship between apoptosis and neoplastic transformation, we studied the transforming potency of zinc, known for its antiapoptotic effects. In this study, zinc chloride (100 microM) was shown to induce morphological transformation (MT) in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. It was also tested in combination with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a positive control for carcinogenicity, or fomesafen, a carcinogenic pesticide with hepatic peroxisomal proliferation properties. A co-exposure of the two carcinogens with 100 microM zinc increased cell transformation in SHE cells. These results were in agreement with the theory of a relationship between the inhibition of apoptosis and induction of cell transformation. The cloning efficiency (CE) of SHE cells seeded at clonal density was raised by zinc, fomesafen and furthermore by the mixture of the two chemicals, which could be explained by the antiapoptotic action of zinc and fomesafen on SHE cells. No change in myc and bax expressions was observed in zinc-treated SHE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandre
- Faculté des Sciences, EBSE-Centre des Sciences de, l'Environnement, Université de Metz, Campus Bridoux, rue Delestraint, Metz 57070, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rodius F, Hammer C, Vasseur P. Use of RNA arbitrarily primed PCR to identify genomic alterations in the digestive gland of the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus at a contaminated site. Environ Toxicol 2002; 17:538-546. [PMID: 12448022 DOI: 10.1002/tox.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The technique of RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) was developed to detect DNA damage and variations in gene expression in response to exposure to toxic compounds. This approach was tested on the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus to explore the ability of RAP-PCR to detect effects induced by river sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), and metals. In a first step the primer concentration was optimized to obtain reproducible amplifications of both high- and low-molecular-weight products. Optimized conditions allowed us to detect variations corresponding to the loss of PCR products in some animals exposed at the contaminated site compared with the control. Our results for the RAP-PCR approach performed on separate animals in field studies showed that interindividual variations could correspond to DNA damage and/or variations in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Rodius
- Laboratoire EBSE (Ecotoxicité, Biodiversité, Santé Environnementale), Université de Metz, Rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alexandre S, Rast C, Nguyen-Ba G, Vasseur P. ZnCl(2) prevents c-myc repression and apoptosis in serum-deprived Syrian hamster embryo cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 11:191-196. [PMID: 21782602 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(01)00117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2001] [Revised: 10/04/2001] [Accepted: 11/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the c-myc implication in the apoptotic process better, we investigated the influence of ZnCl(2) on its expression in normal and transformed Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells in relation to apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal. Normal primary SHE cells exposed to a serum-free medium undergo rapid apoptosis characterised by a dramatic down-regulation of c-myc transcription. In these normal cells treated with ZnCl(2), c-myc expression is maintained in serum-starved conditions while apoptosis is inhibited. The results shed light on the involvement of c-myc expression in the survival of normal cells in the absence of growth factors. The regulation of c-myc expression appears to be influenced by zinc treatment as an inhibitor of apoptosis, but mechanisms sustaining the level of c-myc transcription remain to be demonstrated. The hypothesis that maintenance of c-myc expression allows cells to escape apoptosis is in accordance with results in transformed SHE cells that underwent low apoptosis and poor down-regulation of c-myc in serum-deprived conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandre
- EBSE-Centre des Sciences de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Metz, Campus Bridoux, rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to identify apoptotic Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells by detecting the specific cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). Apoptosis was unequivocally identified in serum-deprived SHE cells. After protein electrophoresis and transfer, the anti-PARP antibody (C-2-10) was applied in order to visualize PARP degradation and the anti-polymer antibody (LP96-10) was used to identify PARP and its expected 89-kDa fragment on the membrane after renaturation and NAD+ addition. Results showed that PARP rapidly disappeared during apoptosis in SHE cells, but the resulting fragment remained undetectable with the anti-PARP antibody and no stable polymerase activity of this fragment was measured using anti-polymer antibody. Serum-starved SHE cells were compared to the etoposide-treated HL60 cell line as a control for typical apoptosis-related PARP cleavage. These results underline the fact that while PARP degradation is a criterion for apoptosis, the diagnosis of apoptosis can not rely exclusively on the appearance of its 89-kDa fragment as this signal may fail to appear in some cell systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandre
- EBSE-Centre des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université de Metz, Faculté des Sciences, rue Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Radix P, Léonard M, Papantoniou C, Roman G, Saouter E, Gallotti-Schmitt S, Thiébaud H, Vasseur P. Comparison of four chronic toxicity tests using algae, bacteria, and invertebrates assessed with sixteen chemicals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2000; 47:186-194. [PMID: 11023697 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2000.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The performances of four chronic toxicity tests, comprising the Daphnia magna 21-day (d) (crustacean), Brachionus calyciflorus 2-d (rotifer), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72-h (green algae), and the Microtox chronic 22-h (bacteria) tests, were compared. Sixteen chemicals with toxicity covering 6 orders of magnitude were studied. Very high correlations were found between the NOEC/EC(10) Pseudokirchneriella 72-h, NOEC/EC(10) Brachionus 2-d, and the NOEC Daphnia 21-d tests. The toxicological response of rotifers and microalgae were within the same order of magnitude as the response of Daphnia in 80% of cases (13/16 chemicals). The Microtox chronic test also anticipated the overall results of the Daphnia 21-d test, but the prediction was rather imprecise, compared with microalgae and rotifers. The test measuring the algal growth inhibition of P. subcapitata after 72h was the most sensitive bioassay. Toxicity on microalgae after 72h could be estimated after 5h by measuring either the direct fluorescence of either photosynthetic pigments or fluorescein diacetate in 56 and 43% of cases, respectively. The median value of the ratio between EC(10) and EC(50) was 3.75, 2, and 1.5 with the algae, the rotifers, and the bacteria, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Radix
- Centre des Sciences de l' Environnement, UFR Sciences, EBSE rue Delestraint, Metz, 57070, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alexandre S, Rast C, Nguyen-Ba G, Vasseur P. Detection of apoptosis induced by topoisomerase inhibitors and serum deprivation in syrian hamster embryo cells. Exp Cell Res 2000; 255:30-9. [PMID: 10666331 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of normal diploid Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells to apoptosis was tested after treatment with the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and etoposide and after serum withdrawal. Programmed cell death (PCD) was identified through morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes and compared with that of HL60 cell line. The results showed that topoisomerase inhibitors, which were shown to be potent PCD inducers in the HL60 cell line, induced a weaker apoptotic response in SHE cells than after growth factor deprivation. In addition, serum-free medium, which rapidly induced apoptosis in SHE cells, did not affect the HL60 cell line. In both cell types, PCD was expressed by condensed chromatin, fragmented nuclei, and DNA laddering on electrophoretic gels, an indisputable sign of apoptosis. In apoptotic HL60 cells, the cleavage of 113-kDa poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) resulted in the so-called apoptotic 89-kDa fragment and was associated with increased caspase-3 activity. In apoptotic SHE cells, PARP degraded early but the degradation profile was not characterized by the appearance of an 89-kDa fragment. Moreover, no activation of caspase-3 was noted. ZnCl(2), which is known to prevent protease activity responsible for apoptosis features, inhibited PARP cleavage and nuclear modifications induced by apoptotic stimuli in both cell types, but with a higher sensitivity in SHE cells. Apoptosis induced by serum deprivation was linked with c-myc negative regulation in SHE cells, but not with p53 protein accumulation, while topoisomerase inhibitors led to p53 stabilization without any change in c-myc expression. Serum-free medium and topoisomerase inhibitors did not modify c-myc expression in the HL60 cell line. The overall results demonstrated that apoptosis, which is a carefully regulated process of cell death, may proceed through mechanisms varying according to cell type or apoptosis inducer. In addition, markers which are generally considered hallmarks of apoptosis may fail to appear in some cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandre
- Université de Metz, Centre des Sciences de l'Environnement, Metz Cedex, F-57070, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cossu C, Doyotte A, Babut M, Exinger A, Vasseur P. Antioxidant biomarkers in freshwater bivalves, Unio tumidus, in response to different contamination profiles of aquatic sediments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2000; 45:106-21. [PMID: 10648130 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant systems were studied in the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus transplanted from a control site to four different contaminated areas, in order to study the biological response according to the contamination characteristics. Reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as selenium-dependent and non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases (SeGPx and non-SeGPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) were measured in the gills and the digestive gland of the mussels after 15 days of exposure at different sites. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was evaluated by means of malondialdehyde measurements (MDA). The four sites investigated were located in the valleys of Fensch (F), Moselle (M), Lot et Garonne (LG), and Sarthe (S). At each site, the bivalves were placed upstream (Up) from an identified pollution source (a cokery, a laundry, or a foundry) and downstream (Do), close to the effluent outfall (Do(1)) or farther (Do(2)). The goal was to study the antioxidant response in relation to the pollution gradient. Metals and congeners of PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorinated pesticides were analyzed in the river sediments of each station. The exposure of the bivalves at the most highly polluted sites or close to the pollution source led to a sharp depletion in some antioxidant parameters, namely GRd, SeGPx, and GSH. The decrease in enzyme activities could reach 80% for GRd and 70% for SeGPx, while GSH depletion could yield 70%, leading then in an induction of lipid peroxidation, either in the digestive gland or in the gills. The higher the MDA concentrations, the lower the activity of these three antioxidant parameters, suggesting that they could be biomarkers for toxicity. Yet, a depletion in these parameters was sometimes insufficient for cytotoxicity to be induced, since lipid peroxidation failed to appear in some cases where antioxidant depletion was clear, although not so severe. The response of the gills and the digestive gland was not always paralleled, which can be explained by differences in the bioavailability of pollutants. In some cases, a relationship was not found between the antioxidant response and the degree and the type of contamination in sediments, suggesting that the effects could result from nonidentified pollutants or/and be indicators of bio-availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cossu
- EBSE Centre des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université de Metz, Metz Cédex, 57040, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bessi H, Cossu-Leguille C, Zaïd A, Vasseur P. Effects of chlorothalonil on glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 63:582-589. [PMID: 10541676 DOI: 10.1007/s001289901020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Bessi
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, B.P. 146, Mohammadia, Morocco
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Combes R, Balls M, Curren R, Fischbach M, Fusenig N, Kirkland D, Lasne C, Landolph J, LeBoeuf R, Marquardt H, McCormick J, Müller L, Rivedal E, Sabbioni E, Tanaka N, Vasseur P, Yamasaki H. Cell transformation assays as predictors of human carcinogenicity. Altern Lab Anim 1999; 27:745-67. [PMID: 25490287 DOI: 10.1177/026119299902700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Combes
- FRAME, Russell and Burch House, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham NG1 4EE, UK
| | - M Balls
- ECVAM, JRC Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, 21020 Ispra, Italy
| | - R Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, 21 Firstfield Road, Suite 220, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - N Fusenig
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, FSII, 0240, German Cancer Research Centre, im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kirkland
- Covance Laboratories, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG3 1PY, UK
| | - C Lasne
- Bureau of Chemical Substances and Preparations, Ministry of Land and Country Planning and Environment, 75302 Paris 07 SP, France
| | - J Landolph
- USC-Kenneth Norris Jr, Comprehensive Cancer Centre and Hospital, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, P.O. Box 33804, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0804, USA
| | - R LeBoeuf
- Procter and Gamble, Temselaan 100, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Marquardt
- Department of Toxicology, Hamburg University Medical School, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J McCormick
- Carcinogenesis Laboratory, FST Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316, USA
| | - L Müller
- Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Section, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Rivedal
- Institute for Cancer Research, Laboratory for Environmental and Occupational Cancer, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Sabbioni
- ECVAM, JRC Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, 21020 Ispra, Italy
| | - N Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cellular and Genetic Toxicology, Hatano Research Institute--Food and Drug Safety Centre, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257, Japan
| | - P Vasseur
- Centre des Sciences de l'Environnment, 1 rue des Récollets, BP 94025, 57040 Metz Cedex 1, France
| | - H Yamasaki
- IARC, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cédex 08, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Recent studies clearly demonstrate that several environmental carcinogens lack the ability to initially induce genetic damage. In that view, multistage chemical carcinogenesis may be processed under the control of a variety of epigenetic events in addition to genotoxic impacts. The understanding of this mechanism as reviewed in this report requires knowledge of early changes induced by carcinogens in target cells, biochemical, biological and molecular reactions closely related to both sides of the growth equation: cell proliferation and programmed death. Among several cell transformation models, the most suitable for carcinogen detection and mechanistic study is the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay. This closely mimics the multistage carcinogenesis and we can examine, in a relatively short time (8 days), the mechanisms by which genotoxic and non-genotoxic agents may increase the frequency of cell transformation as a preneoplastic end-point. The mode of action of hundred of compounds, carcinogens and non-carcinogens, has been explored so far using one-stage and two-stage treatment protocols. In general, with the two-stage protocol, all carcinogens, irrespective of their genotoxic or non-genotoxic potential, give unambiguous positive results. Since perturbations of cell proliferation and death are considered essential events in the process of carcinogenesis, studies have been conducted on the dysregulation of two specific parameters, the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) an enzyme related to cell proliferation, and the apoptosis rate, when SHE cells are exposed to carcinogens. In one-stage treatment (5 h-24 h), only the promoter TPA induces ODC activity, while other carcinogens do not increase this activity. Using the two-stage exposure protocol (1 h xenobiotic/5 h TPA), all carcinogens both genotoxic and non-genotoxic, are able to stimulate ODC activity above the level obtained with TPA alone. Based on the two-stage treatment with carcinogens a close relationship can be obtained between the ODC superinduction and the increase of morphological cell transformation frequency. In cancer development, it is postulated that the inhibition of apoptosis may help altered cells to escape cell death and acquire a tumorigenic phenotype. Two-stage treatment carcinogen/TPA, effectively decreases the apoptotic rate. This is accompanied by an upregulation of the Bcl-2 oncoprotein, a well-known apoptotic inhibitor. However, treatment with a non-carcinogen phthalic anhydride, also inhibits apoptosis while it does not superinduce ODC activity. Although inhibition of apoptosis is not specific to the carcinogenic compound, both superinduction of ODC activity and inhibition of apoptosis via Bcl-2 upregulation may cooperate during the early stages of the carcinogenic process. In a long-term stage transformation assay, the rate of transformed colonies is relatively low (2-8%) bringing about the slow evolution of tumoral disease in humans and tumoral induction in rodents. This could be the consequence of the activation of various cellular repair mechanisms during the exposure time. Experimental data reported so far point out that genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, thought to be more active in the initiation or in the promotion stage, must share the same stage pathway leading to cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Nguyen-Ba
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, CNRS-UMR 8612, Faculty of Pharmacy, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | | |
Collapse
|