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Zang H, Wang Y, Yang HH, He PL, Pan SQ, Geng ZY, Jin SH. Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome, genetic diversity and maternal origin of Huainan Partridge chicken. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:320-327. [PMID: 33263413 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1855628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the complete mitochondrial genome, genetic diversity and maternal origin of Huainan Partridge chicken (HPC).2. One complete mitochondrial genome and 37 complete D-loop regions of HPC were sequenced. Moreover, 400 mitochondrial genome D-loop sequences of Chinese native chicken were downloaded from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database.3. The complete HPC genome was 16,785 bp in size, including 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and one non-coding control region. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of HPC were 0.964, and 0.00615, respectively. Twenty-three variable sites defining 22 haplotypes were identified, and the 22 haplotypes were distributed into three haplogroups (A, B, and C).4. In conclusion, HPC has a typical vertebrate mitochondrial genome, relatively high haplotype diversity, relatively low nucleotide diversity, and potentially three maternal lineages. HPC showed considerable genetic information exchange with Southwest Chinese chicken populations and had not admixed with European commercial breeds in the course of domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Department of Poultry Genetics and Breeding, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Department of Poultry Genetics and Breeding, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei, China
| | - H H Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - P L He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - S Q Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Z Y Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Department of Poultry Genetics and Breeding, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei, China
| | - S H Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Department of Poultry Genetics and Breeding, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei, China
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2
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Li H, Yang L, Liu FF, Ma XN, He PL, Tang W, Tong XK, Zuo JP. Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1133-1140. [PMID: 32555446 PMCID: PMC7298161 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, more than 2,500,000 people worldwide have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 as of April 22. In response to this epidemic, China has issued seven trial versions of diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19. According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. Moreover, with further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virus, new drugs targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 viral components arise and investigations on these novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Na Ma
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei-Lan He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xian-Kun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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3
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He PL, Zhao CX, Dong QY, Hao SB, Xu P, Zhang J, Li JG. [Application of occupational hazard risk index model in occupational health risk assessment in a decorative coating manufacturing enterprises]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:18-21. [PMID: 29495172 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the occupational health risk of decorative coating manufacturing enterprises and to explore the applicability of occupational hazard risk index model in the health risk assessment, so as to provide basis for the health management of enterprises. Methods: A decorative coating manufacturing enterprise in Hebei Province was chosen as research object, following the types of occupational hazards and contact patterns, the occupational hazard risk index model was used to evaluate occupational health risk factors of occupational hazards in the key positions of the decorative coating manufacturing enterprise, and measured with workplace test results and occupational health examination. Results: The positions of oily painters, water-borne painters, filling workers and packers who contacted noise were moderate harm. And positions of color workers who contacted chromic acid salts, oily painters who contacted butyl acetate were mild harm. Other positions were harmless. The abnormal rate of contacting noise in physical examination results was 6.25%, and the abnormality was not checked by other risk factors. Conclusion: The occupational hazard risk index model can be used in the occupational health risk assessment of decorative coating manufacturing enterprises, and noise was the key harzard among occupational harzards in this enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L He
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tang Shan 063200, China
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Yang L, Wang YJ, Chen HJ, Shi LP, Tong XK, Zhang YM, Wang GF, Wang WL, Feng CL, He PL, Xu YB, Lu MJ, Tang W, Nan FJ, Zuo JP. Effect of a hepatitis B virus inhibitor, NZ-4, on capsid formation. Antiviral Res 2016; 125:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xu YB, Yang L, Wang GF, Tong XK, Wang YJ, Yu Y, Jing JF, Feng CL, He PL, Lu W, Tang W, Zuo JP. Benzimidazole derivative, BM601, a novel inhibitor of hepatitis B virus and HBsAg secretion. Antiviral Res 2014; 107:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shi JJ, Ji FH, He PL, Yang YX, Tang W, Zuo JP, Li YC. Synthesis and hepatitis C antiviral activity of 1-aminobenzyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide analogues. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:722-5. [PMID: 23512654 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FIGHTING HCV: Two potent antiviral analogues were developed from a previously identified lead as novel agents against hepatitis C virus. Their potency and selectivity (5 n: IC50 =0.013 μM and EC50 =0.018 μM; 5 t: IC50 =0.007 μM and EC50 =0.024 μM) make them good candidates for further development as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Road Zu Chong Zhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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Ye D, Shin WJ, Li N, Tang W, Feng E, Li J, He PL, Zuo JP, Kim H, Nam KY, Zhu W, Seong BL, Tai No K, Jiang H, Liu H. Synthesis of C-4-modified zanamivir analogs as neuraminidase inhibitors and their anti-AIV activities. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:764-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhang M, Yang XY, Tang W, Groeneveld TWL, He PL, Zhu FH, Li J, Lu W, Blom AM, Zuo JP, Nan FJ. Discovery and Structural Modification of 1-Phenyl-3-(1-phenylethyl)urea Derivatives as Inhibitors of Complement. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:317-21. [PMID: 24900471 PMCID: PMC4025749 DOI: 10.1021/ml300005w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-phenyl-3-(1-phenylethyl)urea derivatives were identified as novel and potent complement inhibitors through structural modification of the original compound from high-throughput screening. Various analogues (7 and 13-15) were synthesized and identified as complement inhibitors, with the introduction of a five- or six-carbon chain (7c, 7d, 7k, 7l, and 7o) greatly improving their activity. Optimized compound 7l has an excellent inhibition activity with IC50 values as low as 13 nM. We demonstrated that the compound 7l inhibited C9 deposition through the classical, the lectin, and the alternative pathways but had no influence on C3 and C4 depositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong Shan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic
of China
- Chinese National
Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key
Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai
201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key
Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai
201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tom W. L. Groeneveld
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pei-Lan He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key
Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai
201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key
Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai
201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Chinese National
Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong Shan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic
of China
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key
Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai
201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Jun Nan
- Chinese National
Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Chao B, Tong XK, Tang W, Li DW, He PL, Garcia JM, Zeng LM, Gao AH, Yang L, Li J, Nan FJ, Jacobs M, Altmeyer R, Zuo JP, Hu YH. Discovery and optimization of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives as a new class of potent dengue virus inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3135-43. [PMID: 22448770 DOI: 10.1021/jm2015952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The results of a high-throughput screening assay using the DENV-2 replicon showed that the 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivative 4a has a high dengue virus inhibitory activity (EC(50) = 0.15 μM). A series of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives based on 4a as a lead compound were synthesized and subjected to structure-antidengue activity relationship studies. Among the series of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivative probed, 4o was observed to display both the highest antiviral potency (EC(50) = 2.8 nM, SI > 1000) and an excellent pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Liu MM, Zhou L, He PL, Zhang YN, Zhou JY, Shen Q, Chen XW, Zuo JP, Li W, Ye DY. Discovery of flavonoid derivatives as anti-HCV agents via pharmacophore search combining molecular docking strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:33-43. [PMID: 22445328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Common feature based pharmacophore and structure-based docking approaches have been employed in the identification of novel anti-HCV candidates from our in-house database. A total of 31 hits identified in silico were screened in vitro assay. 20 Compounds demonstrated anti-HCV activities (EC(50)<50 μM), including two naturally occurring flavones apigenin (21) and luteolin (22) with low micromole EC(50) values and three compounds (23, 24 and 25) of novel scaffolds with moderate potencies. In addition, pharmacophore refinement was also conducted based on the current knowledge of flavone-derived anti-HCV candidates and the results of combined in silico and in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hou LF, He SJ, Li X, Wan CP, Yang Y, Zhang XH, He PL, Zhou Y, Zhu FH, Yang YF, Li Y, Tang W, Zuo JP. SM934 treated lupus-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice by enhancing macrophage interleukin-10 production and suppressing pathogenic T cell development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32424. [PMID: 22389703 PMCID: PMC3289663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisinin and its derivatives were reported to possess strong regulatory effects on inflammation and autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of SM934, a water-soluble artemisinin analogue, on lupus-prone female NZB×NZW F1 mice. Methodology/Principal Findings NZB/W F1 mice were treated orally with SM934 for 3 or 6 months respectively to investigate the effect on clinical manifestations and immunological correlates. To further explore the mechanisms of SM934, ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized or interferon (IFN)-γ-elicited C57BL/6 mice were used. In vivo, treatment with SM934 for 3 or 6 months significantly delayed the progression of glomerulonephritis and increased the survival rate of NZB/W F1 mice. Clinical improvement was accompanied with decreased Th1-related anti-double-strand DNA (dsDNA) IgG2a and IgG3 Abs, serum interleukin (IL)-17, and increased Th2-related anti-dsDNA IgG1 Ab, serum IL-10 and IL-4. SM934 treatment also suppressed the accumulation of effector/memory T cells, induced the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells, while enhancing the development of regulatory T cells in NZB/W F1 mice. In addition, SM934 treatment promoted the IL-10 production of macrophages from NZB/W F1 mice, OVA-immunized C57BL/6 mice and IFN-γ-elicited C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, SM934 enhanced IL-10 production from primary macrophages stimulated with IFN-γ. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study demonstrated that artemisinin analogue SM934 had therapeutic effects on lupus-prone female NZB/W F1 mice by inhibiting the pathogenic helper T cell development and enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Wan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lan He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fu Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Hou LF, He SJ, Li X, Yang Y, He PL, Zhou Y, Zhu FH, Yang YF, Li Y, Tang W, Zuo JP. Oral administration of artemisinin analog SM934 ameliorates lupus syndromes in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2445-55. [PMID: 21484768 DOI: 10.1002/art.30392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SM934, an artemisinin derivative, possesses potent antiproliferative and antiinflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and explore the mechanisms of SM934 to treat autoimmune disease in lupus-prone female MRL/lpr mice. METHODS In vitro, the effects of SM934 on the activation of polyclonal CD4+ T cells and the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells were examined. In vivo, the preventative or therapeutic effects of SM934 in MRL/lpr mice were investigated. Ex vivo, the mechanisms of treatment were explored according to the immunologic correlates of disease. RESULTS In vitro, SM934 inhibited interferon-γ (IFNγ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production from polyclonal CD4+ T cells activated by T cell receptor engagement and the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells, but not Treg cells. In vivo, 12-week-old MRL/lpr mice treated with SM934 for 4 weeks showed significantly ameliorated proteinuria and renal lesion severity; decreased levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum IFNγ, and serum anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies; decreased spleen size; and a lower percentage of CD3+B220+CD4-CD8- T cells; 16-week-old MRL/lpr mice treated with SM934 for 8 weeks avoided severe proteinuria and survived longer. Ex vivo, SM934 treatment elevated the percentage of Treg cells, inhibited the development of Th1 and Th17 cells, and impeded the comprehensive activation of STAT-1, STAT-3, and STAT-5 proteins in splenocytes. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated that the artemisinin analog SM934 had therapeutic effects in lupus-prone female MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting both Th1 cell and Th17 cell responses. Moreover, this study indicated that both IFNγ and IL-17 are required for the elicitation and development of murine lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Hou LF, He SJ, Wang JX, Yang Y, Zhu FH, Zhou Y, He PL, Zhang Y, Yang YF, Li Y, Tang W, Zuo JP. SM934, a water-soluble derivative of arteminisin, exerts immunosuppressive functions in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1509-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang LY, Chang BY, Dong T, He PL, Yang WJ, Wang ZY. Simultaneous determination of salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in animal feeds by SPE and LC-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2009; 47:324-8. [PMID: 19406021 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/47.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in commercial feeds was developed. Samples were extracted with phosphoric acid-methanol solution, and further clean-up was achieved with a C18 cation exchange mixed mode cartridge. Separation of analytes was developed on a C18 column with 0.01 M aqueous ammonium formate solution (pH 3.8)-acetonitrile by gradient program, and characterized by LC-MS on a quadrupole detector, in electrospray positive ion mode. This method provides average recoveries for salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol of 83-110% and coefficients of variation of 1.5-11% in feeds spiked in the range of 0.5-500 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification in feeds were 0.01 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Such limits are well below the dose of 2-25 mg/kg feed proposed as effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China, 100094.
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Garcia JM, Gao A, He PL, Choi J, Tang W, Bruzzone R, Schwartz O, Naya H, Nan FJ, Li J, Altmeyer R, Zuo JP. High-throughput screening using pseudotyped lentiviral particles: a strategy for the identification of HIV-1 inhibitors in a cell-based assay. Antiviral Res 2008; 81:239-47. [PMID: 19118579 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two decades after its discovery the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still spreading worldwide and killing millions. There are 25 drugs formally approved for HIV currently on the market, but side effects as well as the emergence of HIV strains showing single or multiple resistances to current drug-therapy are causes for concern. Furthermore, these drugs target only 4 steps of the viral cycle, hence the urgent need for new drugs and also new targets. In order to tackle this problem, we have devised a cell-based assay using lentiviral particles to look for post-entry inhibitors of HIV-1. We report here the assay development, validation as well as confirmation of the hits using both wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 viruses. The screening was performed on an original library, rich in natural compounds and pure molecules from Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacopoeia, which had never been screened for anti-HIV activity. The identified hits belong to four chemical sub-families that appear to be all non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Secondary tests with live viruses showed that there was good agreement with pseudotyped particles, confirming the validity of this approach for high-throughput drug screens. This assay will be a useful tool that can be easily adapted to screen for inhibitors of viral entry.
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Chen HJ, Wang WL, Wang GF, Shi LP, Gu M, Ren YD, Hou LF, He PL, Zhu FH, Zhong XG, Tang W, Zuo JP, Nan FJ. Rational Design and Synthesis of 2,2-Bisheterocycle Tandem Derivatives as Non-Nucleoside Hepatitis B Virus Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1316-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Zhou R, He PL, Ren YX, Wang WH, Zhou RY, Wan H, Ono S, Fujiwara H, Zuo JP. Myeloid suppressor cell-associated immune dysfunction in CSA1M fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:882-9. [PMID: 17433038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CSA1M tumor-bearing mice exhibited a severe immune dysfunction but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the myeloid suppressor cell (Mac-1(+)Gr-1(+) cells)-(MSC) related T cell immunosuppression in this tumor-bearing model. In mice at the late stage of CSA1M tumor-bearing (Late TB [8-10 weeks after cell inoculation in male BALB/c mice]), the percentages for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells decreased but Mac-1(+) cells increased in spleens with severe splenomegaly. There was no deficit for concanavalin A-induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-4 production, but delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction were attenuated. Analysis of cytokine production in unfractionated spleen cells showed a significant reduction of IFN-gamma and a marked increase of IL-10 and IL-4. In Late-TB mice, splenic MSC number intensively accumulated; the mRNA expressions of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) were enhanced in MSC; the nitric oxide production and arginase enzyme activity increased in MSC as well. Furthermore, the concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation was inhibited in the presence of lipopolysaccharide- or IFN-gamma-activated MSC from Late-TB mice, which could be reversed by the iNOS specific inhibitor L-NMMA. iNOS seemed to be required more than arginase for the suppressive activity of MSC. Taken together, our results suggest that the immune dysfunction in tumor-bearing mice might be causally associated with the accumulation of MSC and its tumor-favoring property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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18
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Wang JX, Tang W, Yang ZS, Wan J, Shi LP, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Ni J, Hou LF, Zhou Y, He PL, Yang YF, Li Y, Zuo JP. Suppressive effect of a novel water-soluble artemisinin derivative SM905 on T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564:211-8. [PMID: 17349993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives exhibit potent immunosuppressive activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive effects of SM905, a new water-soluble artemisinin derivative, on T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and explore its potential mode of action. The results showed that SM905 had a high inhibitory activity in Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation and mixed lymphocyte reaction, and a relatively low cytotoxicity in vitro. In ovalbumin-immunized mice, oral administration of SM905 dose-dependently suppressed T cell proliferative response to ovalbumin, and inhibited anti-ovalbumin interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T cells. Further studies showed that SM905 inhibited TCR (T cell receptor)/CD3 plus CD28-mediated primary T cell proliferation and cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-gamma), and exerted an inhibitory action on the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the activation of Ras. The results of this study provided experimental evidence that the new artemisinin derivative SM905 had immunosuppressive effects both in vitro and in vivo. SM905 suppressed T cell activation, which was associated with the inhibition of MAP kinases and Ras activation. Our results suggested a potential of SM905 to be developed as a new type agent for treating T cell-mediated immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Wang
- First Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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19
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Li J, Zheng M, Tang W, He PL, Zhu W, Li T, Zuo JP, Liu H, Jiang H. Syntheses of triazole-modified zanamivir analogues via click chemistry and anti-AIV activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5009-13. [PMID: 16876409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen novel 4-triazole-modified zanamivir (1) analogues were synthesized using the click reactions, and their inhibitory activities against avian influenza virus (AIV, H5N1) were determined. Compound 3b exerts promising inhibitory activity with EC(50) of 6.4 microM, which is very close to that of zanamivir (EC(50) = 2.8 microM). Molecular modeling provided the information about the binding model between inhibitors and neuraminidase, which are in good agreement with inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Centre, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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20
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Li YF, Wang GF, He PL, Huang WG, Zhu FH, Gao HY, Tang W, Luo Y, Feng CL, Shi LP, Ren YD, Lu W, Zuo JP. Synthesis and Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4790-4. [PMID: 16854087 DOI: 10.1021/jm060330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and cytotoxicity in vitro. Strong activity against HBV replication and low cytotoxicity were generally observed in these benzimidazoles. The most promising compounds were 12a and 12b, with similar high antiviral potency (IC50 = 0.9 and 0.7 microM, respectively) and remarkable selectivity indices (>1111 and 714, respectively). They were selected for further evaluation as novel HBV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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Fu YF, Zhu YN, Ni J, Zhong XG, Tang W, Zhou R, Zhou Y, Dong JR, He PL, Wan H, Li YC, Yang YF, Zuo JP. (5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide derivative, prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via inhibiting T cell activation. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 175:142-51. [PMID: 16712960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel triptolide derivative (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) has been shown to have potent immunosuppressive activities. Here LLDT-8 was evaluated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the model of multiple sclerosis (MS). LLDT-8 reduced the incidence and severity of EAE, which was associated with the inhibition of the MOG 35-55 lymphocyte recall response, anti-MOG 35-55 T cell responses, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production. In vitro, LLDT-8 inhibited primary T cells proliferation, division, IL-2 and IFN-gamma production stimulated with anti-CD3/28. These findings highlight the fact that LLDT-8 prevents EAE by suppressing T cell proliferation and activation, with a potential for treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Fu
- Laboratories of Immunopharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhou R, Tang W, Ren YX, He PL, Zhang F, Shi LP, Fu YF, Li YC, Ono S, Fujiwara H, Yang YF, Zuo JP. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide attenuated collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice via suppressing interferon-gamma production and its related signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:35-44. [PMID: 16574782 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) displays strong immunosuppressive activities both in vitro and in vivo in our previous studies. This study aims to investigate whether LLDT-8 has antiarthritic potential in a murine model of type II bovine collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) and to show the mechanism(s) of LLDT-8 action. DBA/1 mice were immunized with CII to induce arthritis and administered with LLDT-8. The severity of arthritis was evaluated according to the clinical score and joint damage. The effects of LLDT-8 on immune responses were determined by measurement of serum antibody levels, lymphocyte proliferation assay, cytokine assay, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase activity assays, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of splenic Mac-1+ cells, as well as polymerase chain reaction analysis for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-related gene expression. We showed that LLDT-8 treatment significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CIA. The preventive and therapeutic effects of LLDT-8 are associated with 1) reduction of serum anti-CII immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgG2a, and IgG1 levels; 2) inhibition of CII-specific lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 production; 3) blockade of gene expressions in IFN-gamma signaling, including IFN-gamma production pathways [signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, T-box transcription factor, interleukin 12Rbeta2, and STAT4] and IFN-gamma-induced chemokine transcription [macrophage inflammatory protein (Mip)-1alpha, Mip-1beta, regulated on activation normally T cell expressed and secreted, and inducible protein 10]; and 4) retardation of the abnormal increase of NO via IFN-gamma/STAT1/interferon regulatory factor 1/inducible nitric-oxide synthase pathway and arginase activity. Moreover, the mRNA transcription of chemokine receptors was also suppressed [including C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, CCR5, and C-X-C chemokine receptor 3]. In conclusion, our data suggest that the antiarthritic effect of LLDT-8 is closely related to the blockade of IFN-gamma signaling. LLDT-8 may have a therapeutic value in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhou R, Tang W, Ren YX, He PL, Yang YF, Li YC, Zuo JP. Preventive effects of (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide on concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 537:181-9. [PMID: 16603150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) exhibits strong immunosuppressive activities in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of LLDT-8 on concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Liver damage was evaluated by serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level and liver histology. The effects of LLDT-8 were determined by measurement of serum cytokines, lymphocyte proliferation assay, flow cytometry analysis of splenic T cell percentage and apoptosis, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for gene transcriptions. In LLDT-8-treated mice, serum ALT level and histological damage were markedly attenuated. The beneficial effect of LLDT-8 was closely associated with (i) reduction of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interleukin-6 levels; (ii) elimination of activated T cells by increasing proapoptotic genes signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) expression in spleens; (iii) blockade of mRNA expressions for chemokines (monokine induced by IFN-gamma, Mig; IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, IP-10; IFN-inducible T cell-alpha chemoattractant, I-TAC), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and chemokine receptors (C-C chemokine receptor 1, CCR1; C-C chemokine receptor 5, CCR5; C-X-C chemokine receptor 3, CXCR3) in livers. These results suggested the therapeutic potential of LLDT-8 in IFN-gamma/STAT1/IRF-1 signaling- and inflammatory cytokines-mediated immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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24
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Fu YF, Wang JX, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Tang W, Ni J, Zhu YN, Zhou R, He PL, Li C, Li XY, Yang YF, Lawson BR, Zuo JP. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inactivation curtails ovalbumin-induced immune responses. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:1229-37. [PMID: 16326921 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.093369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase inhibitor methyl 4-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate (DZ2002) suppresses macrophage activation and function. The effects of DZ2002 on T cell function, however, are still unclear. Here, we examined whether DZ2002 alters type 1 helper T cell (Th1) and/or type 2 helper T cell (Th2) immune responses, and whether these effects are associated with both the inhibition of AdoHcy hydrolase and intracellular elevation of endogenous AdoHcy. Male C57BL/6 mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) were treated with DZ2002 (1, 5, and 25 mg/kg/day) after which lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and IgG responses to OVA were monitored. Administration of DZ2002 dose dependently suppressed OVA-specific lymphocyte proliferation and anti-OVA IgG production compared with controls. Interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma as well as anti-OVA IgG2a and IgG3, indicators of Th1 immune responses, were markedly decreased in mice treated with DZ2002, whereas IL-4 and anti-OVA IgG1, indicators of Th2 immune responses, were only mildly suppressed. AdoHcy hydrolase activity in spleens of DZ2002-treated mice was substantially blocked, and not surprisingly, AdoHcy levels were significantly elevated compared with controls. Finally, similar immunosuppressive effects were also observed in mice treated with AdoHcy. These data strongly indicate that DZ2002 suppresses antigen-induced specific immune responses, particularly Th1 responses, through inhibition of AdoHcy hydrolase and elevation of endogenous AdoHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Fu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhou R, Zhang F, He PL, Zhou WL, Wu QL, Xu JY, Zhou Y, Tang W, Li XY, Yang YF, Li YC, Zuo JP. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide analog mediates immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1895-903. [PMID: 16275624 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of triptolide analogs have been successfully synthesized. In the present study we demonstrated one of them, (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), showed low cytotoxicity and relative high immunosuppressive activities as compared with its parent compound triptolide in vitro. The CC50 values of triptolide and LLDT-8 were 2.1+/-0.3 and 256.6+/-73.8 nM, respectively. LLDT-8 significantly inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes induced by concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the IC50 values were 131.7+/-32.4, 171.5+/-17.3, and 38.8+/-5.1 nM, respectively. LLDT-8 (25, 50, 100 nM) dose-dependently reduced the production of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) in vitro. Administration of LLDT-8 (at the low dose of 0.4 microg/kg, i.p.; 40 microg/kg, p.o.) intensively suppressed 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Treatment with LLDT-8 (40 microg/kg, i.p. and p.o.) also markedly inhibited the sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced antibody production in BLAB/c mice. Most importantly, comparing with triptolide, LLDT-8 significantly reduced toxicity, with a 122-fold lower cytotoxicity in vitro and 10-fold lower acute toxicity in vivo. The results suggested that LLDT-8 had immunosuppressive activities in both cellular and humoral immune responses. LLDT-8 might be a potential therapeutic agent for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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26
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Zhu YN, Zhao WM, Yang YF, Liu QF, Zhou Y, Tian J, Ni J, Fu YF, Zhong XG, Tang W, Zhou R, He PL, Li XY, Zuo JP. Periplocoside E, an Effective Compound from Periploca sepium Bge, Inhibited T Cell Activation in Vitro and in Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:662-9. [PMID: 16204471 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.093732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periploca sepium Bge, a traditional Chinese herb medicine, is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis in China. Followed the bioactivity-guided isolation, the most potent immunosuppressive compound, periplocoside E (PSE), a pregnane glycoside, had been identified from P. sepium Bge. We investigated the immunosuppressive effects of PSE in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that PSE in a dose-dependent manner significantly inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes induced by concanavalin A and mixed lymphocyte culture reaction at no cytotoxic concentrations (<5 microM). Administration of PSE suppressed a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, and ovalbumin (OVA) induced antigen-specific immune responses in mice. In vivo treatment with PSE dose dependently suppressed OVA-induced proliferation and cytokine [interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma] production from splenocytes in vitro. Purified T cells from OVA-immunized mice with PSE treatment showed its low ability for activation by OVA plus normal antigen presenting cell stimulation again in vitro. Further studies showed PSE dose dependently inhibited anti-CD3-induced primary T cell proliferation, activation for IL-2Ralpha (CD25) expression, and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-2) production also at the transcriptional level. PSE was highly specific and significantly inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase, whereas activation of p38 was not affected in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3. These results demonstrated that PSE is an immunosuppressive compound in P. sepium Bge, which directly inhibits T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. This study provided evidence to understand the therapeutic effects of P. sepium Bge and indicated that this herb is appropriate for treatment of T cell-mediated disorders, such as autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Na Zhu
- Laboratories of Immunopharmacology, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhou R, Zheng SX, Tang W, He PL, Li XY, Yang YF, Li YC, Geng JG, Zuo JP. Inhibition of inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide in interferon-gamma- and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:121-8. [PMID: 16166270 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.093179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) is a novel analog of triptolide that has antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, and antiallogenic transplantation-rejective effects. In the present study, we report that LLDT-8 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in macrophages. LLDT-8 significantly attenuated NO production, in a dose-dependent manner, in primary peritoneal macrophages and a macrophage cell line of Raw 264.7 cells following stimulation with interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IFN-gamma plus LPS. It also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. To further elucidate the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of NO, we examined the effect of LLDT-8 on IFN-gamma and LPS-induced iNOS expression. Indeed, LLDT-8 prevented NO generation by inhibiting iNOS expression at mRNA level and protein level, rather than by interfering its enzymatic activity. In IFN-gamma-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, LLDT-8 suppressed the gene transcription of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1alpha and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1, but it displayed no apparent effect on IFN-gamma receptor level on cell surface. After LPS challenge, LLDT-8 further abrogated the expression of LPS receptor complex, including CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, and myeloid differentiation protein-2; decreased the LPS-induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); retarded the degradation of IkappaBalpha; and ameliorated the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) to nuclear proteins that accounts for transcriptional regulation of iNOS. Taken together, these results suggest that LLDT-8 reduces NO production and iNOS expression by inhibiting IFN-gamma-triggered IRF-1 expression and LPS-triggered MAPK phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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28
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Yang ZS, Zhou WL, Sui Y, Wang JX, Wu JM, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, He PL, Han JY, Tang W, Li Y, Zuo JP. Synthesis and Immunosuppressive Activity of New Artemisinin Derivatives. 1. [12(β or α)-Dihydroartemisininoxy]phen(ox)yl Aliphatic Acids and Esters. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4608-17. [PMID: 15999998 DOI: 10.1021/jm048979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel dihydroartemisinin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated on their immunosuppressive activity in the search for potential immunosuppressive agents with high efficacy and low toxicity. These compounds were assayed in their cytotoxicity of lymphocyte, inhibition activity on concanavalin A (ConA) induced T cell proliferation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced B cell proliferation. Among them, 11b, 13b, 14d, 15b, 16, and 17 remarkably exhibited lower cytotoxicity and higher inhibition activity on the mitogen-induced T cell and B cell proliferation in comparison with artemisinin, artesunate, and artemether in vitro. More significantly, compound 11b displayed reduced cytotoxicity by over 100-fold compared with cyclosporin A (CsA) and comparable inhibition activity (SI = 848) on ConA-induced T cell proliferation to CsA (SI = 963) and more than 4000 times the inhibitory effect (SI = 28473) on LPS-induced B cell proliferation compared with CsA (SI = 7) in vitro. The in vivo experimental results showed that compound 16 could inhibit 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) induced antibody production, respectively. The structure and activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Shun Yang
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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29
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Wu QL, Fu YF, Zhou WL, Wang JX, Feng YH, Liu J, Xu JY, He PL, Zhou R, Tang W, Wang GF, Zhou Y, Yang YF, Ding J, Li XY, Chen XR, Yuan C, Lawson BR, Zuo JP. Inhibition ofS-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine Hydrolase Induces Immunosuppression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:705-11. [PMID: 15640397 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes depend on transmethylation reactions for efficient activation and function. These reactions are primarily catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, which convert S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is then hydrolyzed by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase to prevent feedback inhibition of transmethylation reactions. By impeding S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, a build-up of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine occurs, and most intracellular transmethylation reactions cease. Thus, a nontoxic inhibitor of this enzyme might be a useful immunosuppressive therapeutic agent. We identified a potent reversible type III inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, DZ2002 [methyl 4-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate], and determined its cytotoxic and immunologic effects. We demonstrated that DZ2002 blocked S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase more effectively than a type I inhibitor, but cytotoxicity from DZ2002 was greatly reduced. Although DZ2002 did not prevent concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation or interleukin (IL)-2 production, it significantly reduced both a mixed lymphocyte reaction and IL-12 production from in vitro-stimulated splenocytes. In addition, levels of CD80 and CD86 on human monocytic THP-1 cells were decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of 0.1 to 10 microM DZ2002, and decreases were also seen in IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from both mouse thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and THP-1 cells. In vivo, DZ2002 significantly suppressed a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction as well as antibody secretion. We conclude that DZ2002's immunosuppressive effects are likely not solely attributed to T cell inhibition but also to the obstruction of macrophage activation and function through reductions in cytokine output and/or T cell costimulation. These data suggest an important dual role for the S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase in both macrophage and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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