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Weldrick CL, Boers P, Kiely P, O'Halloran L. X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e237905. [PMID: 37907311 PMCID: PMC10619069 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A man in his 30s presented with a 6-month history of progressive left face, arm and leg weakness. Medical history included epilepsy and vitamin B12 deficiency. Three maternal second degree relatives died before the age of 7 from various neurological disorders. Examination revealed a mild left facial droop and weakness of the left shoulder, hip and ankle. Reflexes were symmetrical and tone was normal. Differential diagnosis included glioma, subacute infarction, lymphoma and demyelination. MRI brain showed an extensive right sided subcortical white matter lesion, with extension into the brainstem. The patient's weakness progressed over 3 months. Brain biopsy showed evidence of demyelination and gliosis. A pathological diagnosis of tumefactive multiple sclerosis was made, but also rare metabolic disorders such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) were proposed. Serum very long-chain fatty acids were significantly elevated. Genetic testing showed a mutation in the ABCD1 gene, confirming a diagnosis of X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Boers
- Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Patrick Kiely
- Radiology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Liam O'Halloran
- Radiology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
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2
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Kalaszi M, Donlon E, Ahmad MW, Mohamed AS, Boers P. Case report: Dueling etiologies: Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion mimicking spinal cord infarct with simultaneous positive Lyme serology and amphiphysin antibody. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905283. [PMID: 36176565 PMCID: PMC9513320 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions are challenging diagnostic entities as they are uncommon, but various etiologies can cause them. Case report We report a case of a 55-year-old man with a past medical history of hypertension. He is an ex-smoker. He presented with chest pain, followed by right lower limb weakness, preceded by 2 weeks of constipation and voiding dysfunction. The examination revealed right lower limb mild flaccid paresis, absent reflexes, reduced anal tone, and urinary retention. His symptoms deteriorated over 24 h, and he developed severe flaccid paraparesis with impaired pinprick sensation below the T4 level. MRI spine showed an abnormal, non-enhancing signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord extending from the T4 level to the conus without associated edema. He was commenced on intravenous steroids and had significant improvement after one dose. The imaging was felt to be consistent with spinal cord infarction, and aspirin was started. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated protein (0.8 mg/ml). Investigations for stroke and autoimmune pathologies were negative. The Lyme immunoblot confirmed intrathecal production of IgG to Borrelia antigens. The patient was started on ceftriaxone. The paraneoplastic screen identified amphiphysin antibodies. CT-TAP and PET-CT did not identify occult malignancy. The patient had a significant improvement over 2 months, strength was almost fully recovered, and autonomic functions returned to normal. Conclusion We describe an unusual steroid-responsive, longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion with radiological features of spinal cord infarct and a simultaneous finding of intrathecal Lyme antibodies and serum amphiphysin antibodies.
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3
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Teoh T, Powell J, O’Keeffe J, Donlon E, Dillon L, Lenihan M, Mostyn A, Power L, Boers P, Stapleton PJ, O’Connell NH, Dunne CP. Outcomes of implementation of the FilmArray meningoencephalitis panel in a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265187. [PMID: 35298491 PMCID: PMC8929653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute meningoencephalitis is encountered commonly in the acute hospital setting and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in addition to significant healthcare costs. Multiplex PCR panels now allow syndromic testing for central nervous system infection. The BioFire® FilmArray® Meningoencephalitis (ME) allows testing of 14 target pathogens using only 0.2mls of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the performance of the assay and secondarily to observe the clinical utility of negative results by comparing clinical outcomes of aseptic meningitis to bacterial and viral meningoencephalitis. Methods Data for CSF samples tested using the FilmArray ME panel from October 2017 to October 2020 were analysed. Detection of bacterial and viral targets was analysed. Admission to critical care area, 90-day readmission rates, average length of stay and 30-day and 90-day mortality were analysed for three groups with following diagnoses: bacterial meningitis, viral meningoencephalitis, or aseptic meningitis. Results From October 2017 to October 2020, 1926 CSF samples were received in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory. Of those, 543 CSF samples from 512 individual patients were tested using the FilmArray ME panel. Twenty-one bacterial targets and 56 viral targets were detected during the study period. For viral targets, the cumulative specificity was 98.9% (95% confidence interval: 93.1–99.9) when compared to the reference laboratory methods. The outcomes for 30- and 90-day mortality of the aseptic meningitis group were non-inferior relative to the viral meningoencephalitis and bacterial meningitis group. Patients with bacterial meningitis had a longer average length of stay. Aseptic meningitis was associated with a higher 90-day readmission rate than the other 2 groups, but without statistical significance. Conclusion In our hands, implementation of the FilmArray ME panel was relatively straightforward. We experienced a transition in our workflow processes that enabled streamlining of CSF diagnostics and the safe removal of Gram staining in those samples being tested by this molecular assay. Coupled to this improvement, there was a positive clinical impact on patient care due to rapid turnaround time to results.
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Affiliation(s)
- TeeKeat Teoh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
- Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - James Powell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jillian O’Keeffe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Donlon
- Department of Neurology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lisa Dillon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marie Lenihan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amanda Mostyn
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Power
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Peter Boers
- Department of Neurology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Stapleton
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nuala H. O’Connell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
- Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Colum P. Dunne
- Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Donlon E, McGettigan J, Gaffney C, Ahmad MW, Boers P, Treacy E, Chaila E. Late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency mimicking a focal opercular syndrome. Pract Neurol 2022; 22:224-227. [PMID: 35046116 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A previously healthy 27-year-old man was brought to hospital after been found late at night confused, agitated and talking incoherently. He represented 12 days later with focal seizures, progressing to anarthria and encephalopathy. MR scan of brain showed diffuse cerebral oedema and his plasma ammonia was >2000 µmol/L (12-55 µmol/L). He developed refractory status epilepticus and subsequently died. Genetic analysis identified an ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene mutation on the X chromosome. We discuss this atypical presentation of OTC deficiency as a rare but treatable cause of hyperammonaemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan Donlon
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Jamie McGettigan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Christine Gaffney
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Marzuki Wan Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Peter Boers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Eileen Treacy
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elijah Chaila
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
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Lockhart A, Boers P. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes with multiple neural autoantibodies: A report of two cases. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577665. [PMID: 34329983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present two patients who presented with classical paraneoplastic syndromes with multiple central nervous system (CNS) autoantibodies in each case. The presence of multiple antibodies made the detection of a malignancy more likely and both patients were subsequently diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We highlight that the presence of multiple CNS autoantibodies increases the likelihood of detecting a malignancy but that the clinical presentation and response to treatment can vary despite similar antibody profiles. Clinicians should be alert to the need to search for occult malignancy in patients with multiple CNS autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lockhart
- University Hosptial Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co Limerick, Ireland.
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Doherty RJ, Caird J, Crimmins D, Kelly P, Murphy S, McGuigan C, Tubridy N, King MD, Lynch B, Webb D, O'Neill D, McCabe DJH, Boers P, O'Regan M, Moroney J, Williams DJ, Cronin S, Javadpour M. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome in Ireland: patient demographics, mode of presentation and outcomes of EC-IC bypass surgery. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:335-344. [PMID: 32562218 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no previously published reports regarding the epidemiology and characteristics of moyamoya disease or syndrome in Ireland. AIMS To examine patient demographics, mode of presentation and the outcomes of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in the treatment of moyamoya disease and syndrome in Ireland. METHODS All patients with moyamoya disease and syndrome referred to the National Neurosurgical Centre during January 2012-January 2019 were identified through a prospective database. Demographics, clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical procedures, postoperative complications and any strokes during follow-up were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were identified. Sixteen underwent surgery. Median age at diagnosis was 19 years. Fifteen were female. Mode of presentation was ischaemic stroke in nine, haemodynamic TIAs in eight, haemorrhage in three and incidental in one. Sixteen patients had Moyamoya disease, whereas five patients had moyamoya syndrome. Surgery was performed on 19 hemispheres in 16 patients. The surgical procedures consisted of ten direct (STA-MCA) bypasses, five indirect bypasses and four multiple burr holes. Postoperative complications included ischaemic stroke in one patient and subdural haematoma in one patient. The median follow-up period in the surgical group was 52 months; there was one new stroke during this period. Two patients required further revascularisation following recurrent TIAs. One patient died during follow-up secondary to tumour progression associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. CONCLUSIONS Moyamoya is rare but occurs in Caucasians in Ireland. It most commonly presents with ischaemic symptoms. Surgical intervention in the form of direct and indirect bypass is an effective treatment in the majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J Doherty
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Caird
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darach Crimmins
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Kelly
- Department of Neurology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Niall Tubridy
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary D King
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan Lynch
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Webb
- Department of Neurology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond O'Neill
- Stroke Service and Departments of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominick J H McCabe
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Stroke Service and Departments of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Vascular Neurology Research Foundation, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Peter Boers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mary O'Regan
- Department of Neurology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan Moroney
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Simon Cronin
- Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mohsen Javadpour
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Lambert GA, Boers P, Zagami AS. Triptan-Induced Sensitization of Trigeminovascular Sensation. Headache 2017; 57:E17-E18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Lambert
- Institute of Neurological Sciences The Prince of Wales Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter Boers
- Institute of Neurological Sciences The Prince of Wales Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Alessandro S. Zagami
- Institute of Neurological Sciences The Prince of Wales Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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8
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Angus-Leppan H, Lambert G, Boers P, Lance J, Zagami A. The Cervical Spinal Cord is a Relay Centre for the Central Nervous System Processing of Input from the Cranial Vasculature. Cephalalgia 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102489009s1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Angus-Leppan
- Department of Neurology, The Prince Henry Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - G.A. Lambert
- Department of Neurology, The Prince Henry Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - P. Boers
- Department of Neurology, The Prince Henry Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J.W. Lance
- Department of Neurology, The Prince Henry Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A.S. Zagami
- Department of Neurology, The Prince Henry Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Cunningham N, Clancy M, Shanahan E, Peters C, O'Connor M, Lyons D, Boers P. 251AN EVALUATION OF SWALLOW SCREENING IN ACUTE STROKE CARE. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Cunningham N, Shanahan E, Peters C, O'Connor M, Lyons D, Boers P. 249NON-SUSTAINED EFFECT OF FAST CAMPAIGN ON ACUTE STROKE PRESENTATION. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
This report describes a case of drug-associated choreoathetosis in a patient receiving ciprofloxacin. A 72-year-old haemodialysis patient presented with a 4-day history of progressive weakness, restlessness and involuntary movements of all limbs. He had been prescribed ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for a lower respiratory tract infection 7 days previously. He had generalised choreoathetosis affecting both upper and lower limbs. The temporal relationship with drug exposure and a dose which was on the upper limit for his renal impairment implicated ciprofloxacin as the culprit. His symptoms completely resolved within 1 week of drug withdrawal and never recurred subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Abdalla
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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12
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Lobo R, Fraser A, Kiely P, Boers P. Parkinsonism can be cured. Case Reports 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-008057. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Quintyne KI, Mainstone P, McNamara B, Boers P, Wallis F, Gupta RK. Profound and persistent painful paclitaxel peripheral neuropathy in a premenopausal patient. Case Reports 2011; 2011:bcr1220103645corr1. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3645.corr1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Quintyne KI, Mainstone P, McNamara B, Boers P, Wallis F, Gupta RK. Profound and persistent painful paclitaxel peripheral neuropathy in a premenopausal patient. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr1220103645. [PMID: 22696717 PMCID: PMC3091274 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors herein report the case of a 35-year-old woman undergoing adjuvant therapy for node positive breast cancer, who presented with short and rapidly progressive history of bilateral lower limb symptoms of peripheral neuropathy following therapy with paclitaxel. MRI of her neural axis revealed no leptomeningeal enhancement or focal metastatic lesions. Neurophysiological tests favoured toxic sensory axonal polyneuropathy. She remains symptomatic following discontinuation of therapy 20 months ago, and is under review with pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Quintyne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland.
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15
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Geretti AM, Hulskotte EG, Dings ME, van Baalen CA, van Amerongen G, Norley SG, Boers P, Gruters R, Osterhaus AD. Decline of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of long-term nonprogressing macaques infected with SIVmac32H-J5. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1133-41. [PMID: 10479140 DOI: 10.1086/315015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLps) and their relationship with virus replication were studied in SIV-infected macaques. After primary viremia, 3 of 8 macaques lost culturable virus and polymerase chain reaction-detectable provirus in peripheral blood. Although proviral DNA persisted in the spleen and lymph nodes, virus loads were below or barely above detection levels. Throughout the study, the 3 macaques remained asymptomatic, with stable CD4+ cell counts. These findings were associated with the detection of CTLps directed against both structural and regulatory SIV proteins. The response peaked during the first 7 months of infection but waned subsequently. CTLps increased after rechallenge of 1 macaque, suggesting that limited antigenic stimulation contributed to their disappearance from circulation. Transient viremia with increasing CTLp frequencies and antibody titers also suggested at least partial susceptibility to reinfection. These findings bear implications for vaccination strategies aimed at inducing protective CTLs against lentiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Geretti
- Institute of Virology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
We have previously shown convergence of craniovascular and tooth pulp afferents in the cervical spinal cord of cats. This study looked for similar convergence in the thalamus. Fifty-four thalamic cells with input from tooth pulp, superior sagittal sinus, or both, were identified. Twenty-nine cells with tooth pulp and superior sagittal sinus input were located in the ventrobasal complex of the intralaminar nuclei. Most of these 29 cells were also excited by cooling the contralateral tooth pulp, and 21 had receptive fields on the contralateral face or forelimb. Twenty cells excited by stimulation of superior sagittal sinus, and not tooth pulp, were found in several nuclei. The 5 cells excited by stimulation of tooth pulp, but not sagittal sinus, were restricted to the ventrobasal complex. The data confirm convergence from sagittal sinus, tooth pulp, and skin in the thalamus of anaesthetized cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Angus-Leppan
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Angus-Leppan H, Olausson B, Boers P, Lambert GA. Convergence of afferents from superior sagittal sinus and tooth pulp on cells in the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat. Neurosci Lett 1994; 182:275-8. [PMID: 7715826 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Units in the dorsolateral area of the upper cervical cord respond to craniovascular stimulation. This study examined tooth pulp responses in this area in cats. Eleven of 21 units tested in the dorsolateral area had convergent inputs from superior sagittal sinus and tooth pulp; while 10 units had sagittal sinus, but not tooth pulp, input. Mean response latency to tooth pulp stimulation (25.8 ms) was significantly longer than to superior sagittal sinus stimulation (9.8 ms). Half of the units had cutaneous receptive fields; and in five units, action potentials could be evoked by electrical stimulation in the posterior complex of the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Angus-Leppan
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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18
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de Ronde A, Stam JG, Boers P, Langedijk H, Meloen R, Hesselink W, Keldermans LC, van Vliet A, Verschoor EJ, Horzinek MC. Antibody response in cats to the envelope proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus: identification of an immunodominant neutralization domain. Virology 1994; 198:257-64. [PMID: 8259661 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping fragments of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have been expressed in Escherichia coli. Screening of cat sera for antibodies to these fragments revealed that the immunodominant domain of the FIV envelope is localized within the transmembrane protein (amino acids 687-741) and that both the variable region 3 (SU3, aa 385-417) and the COOH-terminus (aa 599-611) of the surface protein (SU) are highly immunogenic. Of all rabbit sera raised to the envelope protein fragments only the serum directed to SU3 was neutralizing. Both FIV-infected and SU3-immunized cats elicited neutralizing antibodies to SU3. Neutralizing antibodies in sera of infected cats could be absorbed by SU3, showing that SU3 is a major neutralization domain of FIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Ronde
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Units in the dorsolateral area of the upper cervical cord and the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus respond to stimulation of cranial vessels. To study the physiological role of the upper cervical cord in craniovascular transmission, we used a cryoprobe to interrupt reversibly neural transmission through the cord while recording in the thalamus. Twenty-one of 47 thalamic units tested showed reversible diminution in their response to superior sagittal sinus stimulation during cervical cord cooling. In contrast, receptive field responses and spontaneous thalamic activity were unaffected. These data suggest offt the cervical cord relays craniovascular nociceptive afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Angus-Leppan
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince Henry Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Abstract
A method is described for fabrication of 7-barrelled microiontophoresis electrodes with a center barrel of platinum-coated tungsten. The electrodes require a minimum of expensive apparatus and can be fabricated in an hour or two. The electrodes have low recording impedance (typically 100 k omega and low resistance iontophoresis barrels (typically 20-50 M omega). Compared to electrodes with a micropipette recording barrel, these electrodes are practically noise-free and can pass ionotophoretic currents of up to 200 nA without an appreciable increase in recording noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hellier
- Department of Neurology, Prince Henry Hospital and School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Olausson B, Angus-Leppan H, Boers P, Lambert G. Convergence of afferents from superior sagittal sinus and tooth pulp on cells in the upper cervical spinal cord or in the thalamus of the cat. Pain 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(90)92229-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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