1
|
Chia KS, Kourelis J, Teulet A, Vickers M, Sakai T, Walker JF, Schornack S, Kamoun S, Carella P. The N-terminal domains of NLR immune receptors exhibit structural and functional similarities across divergent plant lineages. Plant Cell 2024:koae113. [PMID: 38598645 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a prominent class of intracellular immune receptors in plants. However, our understanding of plant NLR structure and function is limited to the evolutionarily young flowering plant clade. Here, we describe an extended spectrum of NLR diversity across divergent plant lineages and demonstrate the structural and functional similarities of N-terminal domains that trigger immune responses. We show that the broadly distributed coiled-coil (CC) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain families of non-flowering plants retain immune-related functions through trans-lineage activation of cell death in the angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana. We further examined a CC subfamily specific to non-flowering lineages and uncovered an essential N-terminal MAEPL motif that is functionally comparable to motifs in resistosome-forming CC-NLRs. Consistent with a conserved role in immunity, the ectopic activation of CCMAEPL in the non-flowering liverwort Marchantia polymorpha led to profound growth inhibition, defense gene activation, and signatures of cell death. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analyses of CCMAEPL activity delineated a common CC-mediated immune program shared across evolutionarily divergent non-flowering and flowering plants. Collectively, our findings highlight the ancestral nature of NLR-mediated immunity during plant evolution that dates its origin to at least ∼500 million years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khong-Sam Chia
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Albin Teulet
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Vickers
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph F Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Carella
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu YT, Loue-Manifel J, Bollier N, Gadient P, De Winter F, Carella P, Hoguin A, Grey-Switzman S, Marnas H, Simon F, Copin A, Fischer S, de Leau E, Schornack S, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Depège Fargeix N, Ingram G, Nowack MK, Goodrich J. Convergent evolution of water-conducting cells in Marchantia recruited the ZHOUPI gene promoting cell wall reinforcement and programmed cell death. Curr Biol 2024; 34:793-807.e7. [PMID: 38295796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A key adaptation of plants to life on land is the formation of water-conducting cells (WCCs) for efficient long-distance water transport. Based on morphological analyses it is thought that WCCs have evolved independently on multiple occasions. For example, WCCs have been lost in all but a few lineages of bryophytes but, strikingly, within the liverworts a derived group, the complex thalloids, has evolved a novel externalized water-conducting tissue composed of reinforced, hollow cells termed pegged rhizoids. Here, we show that pegged rhizoid differentiation in Marchantia polymorpha is controlled by orthologs of the ZHOUPI and ICE bHLH transcription factors required for endosperm cell death in Arabidopsis seeds. By contrast, pegged rhizoid development was not affected by disruption of MpNAC5, the Marchantia ortholog of the VND genes that control WCC formation in flowering plants. We characterize the rapid, genetically controlled programmed cell death process that pegged rhizoids undergo to terminate cellular differentiation and identify a corresponding upregulation of conserved putative plant cell death effector genes. Lastly, we show that ectopic expression of MpZOU1 increases production of pegged rhizoids and enhances drought tolerance. Our results support that pegged rhizoids evolved independently of other WCCs. We suggest that elements of the genetic control of developmental cell death are conserved throughout land plants and that the ZHOUPI/ICE regulatory module has been independently recruited to promote cell wall modification and programmed cell death in liverwort rhizoids and in the endosperm of flowering plant seed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Lu
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jeanne Loue-Manifel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | | | - Philippe Gadient
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | | | - Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Antoine Hoguin
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Shona Grey-Switzman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Hugo Marnas
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Francois Simon
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Alice Copin
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Shelby Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Erica de Leau
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nathalie Depège Fargeix
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Justin Goodrich
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong HM, Patterson H, Carella P. Bryo-FIGHTs: Emerging insights and principles acquired from non-vascular plant-pathogen interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2023; 76:102484. [PMID: 37931549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of land plant evolution, pathogenic microbes have impacted plant health and threatened their survival. Though much of our knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions is derived from flowering plants, emerging research leveraging evolutionarily divergent non-vascular/non-seed bryophytes is beginning to shed light on the history and diversity of plant immune and infection processes. Here, we highlight key bryophyte-microbe pathosystems used to address fundamental questions on plant health. To this end, we outline the idea that core molecular aspects impacting plant infection and immunity are likely conserved across land plants. We discuss recent advances in the emerging field of Evo-MPMI (evolutionary molecular plant-microbe interactions) and highlight future opportunities that will clarify our understanding of the evolutionary framework that underpins host-pathogen interactions across the full spectrum of plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Min Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Henrietta Patterson
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Carella
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonfanti A, Smithers ET, Bourdon M, Guyon A, Carella P, Carter R, Wightman R, Schornack S, Jönsson H, Robinson S. Stiffness transitions in new walls post-cell division differ between Marchantia polymorpha gemmae and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302985120. [PMID: 37782806 PMCID: PMC10576037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302985120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis is governed by the mechanics of the cell wall-a stiff and thin polymeric box that encloses the cells. The cell wall is a highly dynamic composite material. New cell walls are added during cell division. As the cells continue to grow, the properties of cell walls are modulated to undergo significant changes in shape and size without breakage. Spatial and temporal variations in cell wall mechanical properties have been observed. However, how they relate to cell division remains an outstanding question. Here, we combine time-lapse imaging with local mechanical measurements via atomic force microscopy to systematically map the cell wall's age and growth, with their stiffness. We make use of two systems, Marchantia polymorpha gemmae, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We first characterize the growth and cell division of M. polymorpha gemmae. We then demonstrate that cell division in M. polymorpha gemmae results in the generation of a temporary stiffer and slower-growing new wall. In contrast, this transient phenomenon is absent in A. thaliana leaves. We provide evidence that this different temporal behavior has a direct impact on the local cell geometry via changes in the junction angle. These results are expected to pave the way for developing more realistic plant morphogenetic models and to advance the study into the impact of cell division on tissue growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bonfanti
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan20133, Italy
| | | | - Matthieu Bourdon
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Guyon
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Carter
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henrik Jönsson
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund223 62, Sweden
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chia K, Carella P. Taking the lead: NLR immune receptor N-terminal domains execute plant immune responses. New Phytol 2023; 240:496-501. [PMID: 37525357 PMCID: PMC10952240 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are important intracellular immune receptors that activate robust plant immune responses upon detecting pathogens. Canonical NLRs consist of a conserved tripartite architecture that includes a central regulatory nucleotide-binding domain, C-terminal leucine-rich repeats, and variable N-terminal domains that directly participate in immune execution. In flowering plants, the vast majority of NLR N-terminal domains belong to the coiled-coil, Resistance to Powdery Mildew 8, or Toll/interleukin-1 receptor subfamilies, with recent structural and biochemical studies providing detailed mechanistic insights into their functions. In this insight review, we focus on the immune-related biochemistries of known plant NLR N-terminal domains and discuss the evolutionary diversity of atypical NLR domains in nonflowering plants. We further contrast these observations against the known diversity of NLR-related receptors from microbes to metazoans across the tree of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khong‐Sam Chia
- Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Philip Carella
- Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shepherd S, Yuen ELH, Carella P, Bozkurt TO. The wheels of destruction: Plant NLR immune receptors are mobile and structurally dynamic disease resistance proteins. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2023; 74:102372. [PMID: 37172365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are intracellular immune receptors that restrict plant invasion by pathogens. Most NLRs operate in intricate networks to detect pathogen effectors in a robust and efficient manner. NLRs are not static sensors; rather, they exhibit remarkable mobility and structural plasticity during the innate immune response. Inactive NLRs localize to diverse subcellular compartments where they are poised to sense pathogen effectors. During pathogen attack, some NLRs relocate toward the plant-pathogen interface, possibly to ensure their timely activation. Activated NLRs reorganize into wheel-shaped oligomers, some of which then form plasma membrane pores that promote calcium influx and programmed cell death. The emerging paradigm is that this variable and dynamic nature underpins effective NLR-mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shepherd
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bowman JL, Arteaga-Vazquez M, Berger F, Briginshaw LN, Carella P, Aguilar-Cruz A, Davies KM, Dierschke T, Dolan L, Dorantes-Acosta AE, Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E, Futagami K, Ishizaki K, Jibran R, Kanazawa T, Kato H, Kohchi T, Levins J, Lin SS, Nakagami H, Nishihama R, Romani F, Schornack S, Tanizawa Y, Tsuzuki M, Ueda T, Watanabe Y, Yamato KT, Zachgo S. The renaissance and enlightenment of Marchantia as a model system. Plant Cell 2022; 34:3512-3542. [PMID: 35976122 PMCID: PMC9516144 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been utilized as a model for biological studies since the 18th century. In the past few decades, there has been a Renaissance in its utilization in genomic and genetic approaches to investigating physiological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of land plant biology. The reasons for its adoption are similar to those of other genetic models, e.g. simple cultivation, ready access via its worldwide distribution, ease of crossing, facile genetics, and more recently, efficient transformation, genome editing, and genomic resources. The haploid gametophyte dominant life cycle of M. polymorpha is conducive to forward genetic approaches. The lack of ancient whole-genome duplications within liverworts facilitates reverse genetic approaches, and possibly related to this genomic stability, liverworts possess sex chromosomes that evolved in the ancestral liverwort. As a representative of one of the three bryophyte lineages, its phylogenetic position allows comparative approaches to provide insights into ancestral land plants. Given the karyotype and genome stability within liverworts, the resources developed for M. polymorpha have facilitated the development of related species as models for biological processes lacking in M. polymorpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Arteaga-Vazquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Frederic Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Liam N Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Adolfo Aguilar-Cruz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tom Dierschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Liam Dolan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ana E Dorantes-Acosta
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eduardo Flores-Sandoval
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kazutaka Futagami
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jonathan Levins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Facundo Romani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuzuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Division of Botany, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carella P. Close Encounters of the ARF Kind: Proximity-Based ARF1 GTPase Activity Regulates Vesicle Trafficking. Plant Cell 2020; 32:2453-2454. [PMID: 32554624 PMCID: PMC7401020 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carella P. ASTREL Projection: Comparative Phylogenomics Uncovers Novel Genes Coeliminated with the EDS1 Immune Pathway. Plant Cell 2020; 32:2067-2068. [PMID: 32467110 PMCID: PMC7346576 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carella P. All Together Now: Phylotranscriptomics Reveals Core Responses to Fungal Infection across the Pentapetalae. Plant Cell 2020; 32:1773-1774. [PMID: 32312786 PMCID: PMC7268796 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carella P. Good Fats, Bad Fats: Phosphoinositide Species Differentially Localize to Plant-Pathogen Interfaces and Influence Disease Progression. Plant Cell 2020; 32:1355-1356. [PMID: 32169956 PMCID: PMC7203940 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carella P. Know Your Roots: A Transcriptomic Exploration of Key Life History Traits in the Model Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. Plant Cell 2020; 32:783-784. [PMID: 32024689 PMCID: PMC7145506 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carella P. Mellowed Yellow: WHITE PETAL1 Regulates Carotenoid Accumulation in Medicago Petals. Plant Cell 2019; 31:2556-2557. [PMID: 31562215 PMCID: PMC6881137 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carella P. Some Things Never Change: Conserved MYC-Family bHLH Transcription Factors Mediate Dinor-OPDA Signaling in Liverworts. Plant Cell 2019; 31:2295-2296. [PMID: 31416824 PMCID: PMC6790073 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carella P. Moving on Up: An MCTP-SNARE Complex Mediates Long-Distance Florigen Transport. Plant Cell 2019; 31:2293-2294. [PMID: 31594832 PMCID: PMC6790080 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.1900664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carella P. Moving on Up: An MCTP-SNARE Complex Mediates Long-distance Florigen Transport. Plant Cell 2019:tpc.00664.2019. [PMID: 31484682 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory CITY: Cambridge United Kingdom [GB]
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carella P. Resistance on Tap: PDR Transporters Direct Antimicrobial Metabolites Toward Invading Pathogens. Plant Cell 2019; 31:1943-1944. [PMID: 31266849 PMCID: PMC6751123 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carella P, Gogleva A, Hoey DJ, Bridgen AJ, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Schornack S. Conserved Biochemical Defenses Underpin Host Responses to Oomycete Infection in an Early-Divergent Land Plant Lineage. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2282-2294.e5. [PMID: 31303485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of plants onto land necessitated the evolution of robust defense strategies to protect against a wide array of microbial invaders. Whereas host responses to microbial colonization are extensively explored in evolutionarily young land plant lineages such as angiosperms, we know relatively little about plant-pathogen interactions in early-diverging land plants thought to better represent the ancestral state. Here, we define the transcriptional and proteomic response of the early-divergent liverwort Marchantia polymorpha to infection with the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. We uncover a robust molecular response to oomycete colonization in Marchantia that consists of conserved land plant gene families. Direct macroevolutionary comparisons of host infection responses in Marchantia and the model angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana further reveal a shared set of orthologous microbe-responsive genes that include members of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. In addition, we identify a role for the Marchantia R2R3-MYB transcription factor MpMyb14 in activating phenylpropanoid (flavonoid) biosynthesis during oomycete infection. Mpmyb14 mutants infected with P. palmivora fail to activate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene expression and display enhanced disease susceptibility compared to wild-type plants. Conversely, the ectopic induction of MpMyb14 led to the accumulation of anthocyanin-like pigments and dramatically enhanced liverwort resistance to P. palmivora infection. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the Marchantia response to oomycete infection displays evolutionarily conserved features indicative of an ancestral pathogen deterrence strategy centered on phenylpropanoid-mediated biochemical defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Anna Gogleva
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - David John Hoey
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Anthony John Bridgen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 EA3, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carella P, Evangelisti E, Schornack S. Sticking to it: phytopathogen effector molecules may converge on evolutionarily conserved host targets in green plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2018; 44:175-180. [PMID: 30071474 PMCID: PMC6119762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
•Phytopathogen effectors converge on similar sets of host proteins in angiosperms. •Effectors may target host proteins and processes present across the green plant lineage. •Bryophyte model plants are promising systems to investigate effector–target relationships. Plant-associated microbes secrete effector proteins that subvert host cellular machinery to facilitate the colonization of plant tissues and cells. Accumulating data suggests that independently evolved effectors from bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens may converge on a similar set of host proteins in certain angiosperm models, however, whether this concept is relevant throughout the green plant lineage is unknown. Here, we explore the idea that pathogen effector molecules target host proteins present across evolutionarily distant land plant lineages to promote disease. We discuss that host proteins targeted by phytopathogens or integrated into angiosperm immune receptors are likely found across green plant genomes, from early diverging non-vascular lineages (bryophytes) to flowering plants (angiosperms). This would suggest that independently evolved pathogens might manipulate their hosts by targeting `vulnerability’ hubs that are present across land plants. Future work focusing on accessible early divergent land plant model systems may therefore provide an insightful evolutionary backdrop for effector–target research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carella P, Gogleva A, Tomaselli M, Alfs C, Schornack S. Phytophthora palmivora establishes tissue-specific intracellular infection structures in the earliest divergent land plant lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3846-E3855. [PMID: 29615512 DOI: 10.1101/188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of plants onto land was a formative event that brought forth profound changes to the earth's geochemistry and biota. Filamentous eukaryotic microbes developed the ability to colonize plant tissues early during the evolution of land plants, as demonstrated by intimate, symbiosis-like associations in >400 million-year-old fossils. However, the degree to which filamentous microbes establish pathogenic interactions with early divergent land plants is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the broad host-range oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora colonizes liverworts, the earliest divergent land plant lineage. We show that P. palmivora establishes a complex tissue-specific interaction with Marchantia polymorpha, where it completes a full infection cycle within air chambers of the dorsal photosynthetic layer. Remarkably, P. palmivora invaginates M. polymorpha cells with haustoria-like structures that accumulate host cellular trafficking machinery and the membrane syntaxin MpSYP13B, but not the related MpSYP13A. Our results indicate that the intracellular accommodation of filamentous microbes is an ancient plant trait that is successfully exploited by pathogens like P. palmivora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gogleva
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Alfs
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Isaacs M, Carella P, Faubert J, Champigny MJ, Rose JKC, Cameron RK. Corrigendum: Orthology Analysis and In Vivo Complementation Studies to Elucidate the Role of DIR1 during Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Cucumis sativus. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:460. [PMID: 29681918 PMCID: PMC5907824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 566 in vol. 7, PMID: 27200039.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Isaacs
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Faubert
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marc J. Champigny
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn K. C. Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Robin K. Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carella P, Schornack S. Manipulation of Bryophyte Hosts by Pathogenic and Symbiotic Microbes. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:651-660. [PMID: 29177478 PMCID: PMC6018959 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of plant tissues by pathogenic and symbiotic microbes is associated with a strong and directed effort to reprogram host cells in order to permit, promote and sustain microbial growth. In response to colonization, hosts accommodate or sequester invading microbes by activating a set of complex regulatory programs that initiate symbioses or bolster defenses. Extensive research has elucidated a suite of molecular and physiological responses occurring in plant hosts and their microbial partners; however, this information is mostly limited to model systems representing evolutionarily young plant lineages such as angiosperms. The extent to which these processes are conserved across land plants is therefore poorly understood. In this review, we outline key aspects of host reprogramming that occur during plant-microbe interactions in early diverging land plants belonging to the bryophytes (liverworts, hornworts and mosses). We discuss how further knowledge of bryophyte-microbe interactions will advance our understanding of how plants and microbes co-operated and clashed during the conquest of land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilson DC, Kempthorne CJ, Carella P, Liscombe DK, Cameron RK. Age-Related Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves the MADS-Domain Transcription Factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and Direct Action of Salicylic Acid on Pseudomonas syringae. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2017; 30:919-929. [PMID: 28812948 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0172-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a developmentally regulated disease-resistance response known as age-related resistance (ARR), a process that requires intercellular accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), which is thought to act as an antimicrobial agent. ARR is characterized by enhanced resistance to some pathogens at the late adult-vegetative and reproductive stages. While the transition to flowering does not cause the onset of ARR, both processes involve the MADS-domain transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP). In this study, ARR-defective svp mutants were found to accumulate reduced levels of intercellular SA compared with wild type in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Double mutant and overexpression analyses suggest that SVP and SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1) act antagonistically, such that SVP is required for ARR to alleviate the negative effects of SOC1 on SA accumulation. In vitro, SA exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity at concentrations similar to those measured in the intercellular space during ARR. In vivo, P. syringae pv. tomato formed biofilm-like aggregates in young susceptible plants, while this was drastically reduced in mature ARR-competent plants, which accumulate intercellular SA. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role for the floral regulators SVP and SOC1 in disease resistance and provide evidence that SA acts directly on pathogens as an antimicrobial agent. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Wilson
- 1 McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; and
| | | | - Philip Carella
- 1 McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; and
| | - David K Liscombe
- 2 Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Avenue N., Vineland Station, Ontario, L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Robin K Cameron
- 1 McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carella P, Merl-Pham J, Wilson DC, Dey S, Hauck SM, Vlot AC, Cameron RK. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Phloem Exudates Collected during the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:1495-510. [PMID: 27208255 PMCID: PMC4902610 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense response that provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pathogen resistance to uninfected systemic leaves following an initial localized infection. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato generates long-distance SAR signals that travel from locally infected to distant leaves through the phloem to establish SAR In this study, a proteomics approach was used to identify proteins that accumulate in phloem exudates in response to the induction of SAR To accomplish this, phloem exudates collected from mock-inoculated or SAR-induced leaves of wild-type Columbia-0 plants were subjected to label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. Comparing mock- and SAR-induced phloem exudate proteomes, 16 proteins were enriched in phloem exudates collected from SAR-induced plants, while 46 proteins were suppressed. SAR-related proteins THIOREDOXIN h3, ACYL-COENZYME A-BINDING PROTEIN6, and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 were enriched in phloem exudates of SAR-induced plants, demonstrating the strength of this approach and suggesting a role for these proteins in the phloem during SAR To identify novel components of SAR, transfer DNA mutants of differentially abundant phloem proteins were assayed for SAR competence. This analysis identified a number of new proteins (m-type thioredoxins, major latex protein-like protein, ULTRAVIOLET-B RESISTANCE8 photoreceptor) that contribute to the SAR response. The Arabidopsis SAR phloem proteome is a valuable resource for understanding SAR long-distance signaling and the dynamic nature of the phloem during plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel C Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Sanjukta Dey
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Robin K Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 (P.C., D.C.W., R.K.C.); andResearch Unit Protein Science (J.M.-P., S.M.H.) and Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (S.D., A.C.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carella P, Wilson DC, Kempthorne CJ, Cameron RK. Vascular Sap Proteomics: Providing Insight into Long-Distance Signaling during Stress. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:651. [PMID: 27242852 PMCID: PMC4863880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular system, composed of the xylem and phloem, is important for the transport of water, mineral nutrients, and photosynthate throughout the plant body. The vasculature is also the primary means by which developmental and stress signals move from one organ to another. Due to practical and technological limitations, proteomics analysis of xylem and phloem sap has been understudied in comparison to accessible sample types such as leaves and roots. However, recent advances in sample collection techniques and mass spectrometry technology are making it possible to comprehensively analyze vascular sap proteomes. In this mini-review, we discuss the emerging field of vascular sap proteomics, with a focus on recent comparative studies to identify vascular proteins that may play roles in long-distance signaling and other processes during stress responses in plants.
Collapse
|
29
|
Isaacs M, Carella P, Faubert J, Champigny MJ, Rose JKC, Cameron RK. Orthology Analysis and In Vivo Complementation Studies to Elucidate the Role of DIR1 during Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Cucumis sativus. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:566. [PMID: 27200039 PMCID: PMC4854023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AtDIR1 (Defective in Induced Resistance1) is an acidic lipid transfer protein essential for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon SAR induction, DIR1 moves from locally infected to distant uninfected leaves to activate defense priming; however, a molecular function for DIR1 has not been elucidated. Bioinformatic analysis and in silico homology modeling identified putative AtDIR1 orthologs in crop species, revealing conserved protein motifs within and outside of DIR1's central hydrophobic cavity. In vitro assays to compare the capacity of recombinant AtDIR1 and targeted AtDIR1-variant proteins to bind the lipophilic probe TNS (6,P-toluidinylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate) provided evidence that conserved leucine 43 and aspartic acid 39 contribute to the size of the DIR1 hydrophobic cavity and possibly hydrophobic ligand binding. An Arabidopsis-cucumber SAR model was developed to investigate the conservation of DIR1 function in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and we demonstrated that phloem exudates from SAR-induced cucumber rescued the SAR defect in the Arabidopsis dir1-1 mutant. Additionally, an AtDIR1 antibody detected a protein of the same size as AtDIR1 in SAR-induced cucumber phloem exudates, providing evidence that DIR1 function during SAR is conserved in Arabidopsis and cucumber. In vitro TNS displacement assays demonstrated that recombinant AtDIR1 did not bind the SAR signals azelaic acid (AzA), glycerol-3-phosphate or pipecolic acid. However, recombinant CsDIR1 and CsDIR2 interacted weakly with AzA and pipecolic acid. Bioinformatic and functional analyses using the Arabidopsis-cucumber SAR model provide evidence that DIR1 orthologs exist in tobacco, tomato, cucumber, and soybean, and that DIR1-mediated SAR signaling is conserved in Arabidopsis and cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Isaacs
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Faubert
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marc J. Champigny
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn K. C. Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Robin K. Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carella P, Isaacs M, Cameron RK. Plasmodesmata-located protein overexpression negatively impacts the manifestation of systemic acquired resistance and the long-distance movement of Defective in Induced Resistance1 in Arabidopsis. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:395-401. [PMID: 25296648 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defence response that provides immunity to distant uninfected leaves after an initial localised infection. The lipid transfer protein (LTP) Defective in Induced Resistance1 (DIR1) is an essential component of SAR that moves from induced to distant leaves following a SAR-inducing local infection. To understand how DIR1 is transported to distant leaves during SAR, we analysed DIR1 movement in transgenic Arabidopsis lines with reduced cell-to-cell movement caused by the overexpression of Plasmodesmata-Located Proteins PDLP1 and PDLP5. These PDLP-overexpressing lines were defective for SAR, and DIR1 antibody signals were not observed in phloem sap-enriched petiole exudates collected from distant leaves. Our data support the idea that cell-to-cell movement of DIR1 through plasmodesmata is important during long-distance SAR signalling in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Carella P, Wilson DC, Cameron RK. Some things get better with age: differences in salicylic acid accumulation and defense signaling in young and mature Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2015; 5:775. [PMID: 25620972 PMCID: PMC4288333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, much of what we know about the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and its role in plant defense comes from experiments using young plants. We are interested in understanding why young plants are susceptible to virulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae, while mature plants exhibit a robust defense response known as age-related resistance (ARR). SA-mediated signaling is important for defense in young plants, however, ARR occurs independently of the defense regulators NPR1 and WHY1. Furthermore, intercellular SA accumulation is an important component of ARR, and intercellular washing fluids from ARR-competent plants exhibit antibacterial activity, suggesting that SA acts as an antimicrobial agent in the intercellular space. Young plants accumulate both intracellular and intercellular SA during PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity, however, virulent P. syringae promotes susceptibility by suppressing SA accumulation using the phytotoxin coronatine. Here we outline the hypothesis that mature, ARR-competent Arabidopsis alleviates coronatine-mediated suppression of SA accumulation. We also explore the role of SA in other mature-plant processes such as flowering and senescence, and discuss their potential impact on ARR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin K. Cameron
- *Correspondence: Robin K. Cameron, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carella P, Wilson DC, Cameron RK. Mind the gap: Signal movement through plasmodesmata is critical for the manifestation of SAR. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e1075683. [PMID: 26513401 PMCID: PMC4883840 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1075683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense response in which an initial localized infection affords enhanced pathogen resistance to distant, uninfected leaves. SAR requires efficient long-distance signaling between the infected leaf, where SAR signals are generated, and the distant uninfected leaves that receive them. A growing body of evidence indicates that the lipid transfer protein DIR1 (Defective in Induced Resistance) is an important mediator of long-distance SAR signaling. In a recent publication, we investigated if cell-to-cell movement through plasmodesmata is required for long-distance movement of DIR1 during SAR. We determined that overexpression of Plasmodesmata-Located Proteins (PDLP1 and 5) negatively impacted long-distance DIR1 movement and SAR competence, suggesting that movement through plasmodesmata contributes to long-distance signal movement during SAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel C Wilson
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin K Cameron
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Carviel JL, Wilson DC, Isaacs M, Carella P, Catana V, Golding B, Weretilnyk EA, Cameron RK. Investigation of intercellular salicylic acid accumulation during compatible and incompatible Arabidopsis-pseudomonas syringae interactions using a fast neutron-generated mutant allele of EDS5 identified by genetic mapping and whole-genome sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88608. [PMID: 24594657 PMCID: PMC3942312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A whole-genome sequencing technique developed to identify fast neutron-induced deletion mutations revealed that iap1-1 is a new allele of EDS5 (eds5-5). RPS2-AvrRpt2-initiated effector-triggered immunity (ETI) was compromised in iap1-1/eds5-5 with respect to in planta bacterial levels and the hypersensitive response, while intra- and intercellular free salicylic acid (SA) accumulation was greatly reduced, suggesting that SA contributes as both an intracellular signaling molecule and an antimicrobial agent in the intercellular space during ETI. During the compatible interaction between wild-type Col-0 and virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), little intercellular free SA accumulated, which led to the hypothesis that Pst suppresses intercellular SA accumulation. When Col-0 was inoculated with a coronatine-deficient strain of Pst, high levels of intercellular SA accumulation were observed, suggesting that Pst suppresses intercellular SA accumulation using its phytotoxin coronatine. This work suggests that accumulation of SA in the intercellular space is an important component of basal/PAMP-triggered immunity as well as ETI to pathogens that colonize the intercellular space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie L. Carviel
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel C. Wilson
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisa Isaacs
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Carella
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasile Catana
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Golding
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robin K. Cameron
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wilson DC, Carella P, Cameron RK. Intercellular salicylic acid accumulation during compatible and incompatible Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas syringae interactions. Plant Signal Behav 2014; 9:e29362. [PMID: 25763618 PMCID: PMC4205146 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in several disease resistance responses. During the Age-Related Resistance (ARR) response that occurs in mature Arabidopsis responding to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst), SA accumulates in the intercellular space where it may act as an antimicrobial agent. Recently we measured intracellular and intercellular SA levels in young, ARR-incompetent plants responding to virulent and avirulent strains of Pst to determine if intercellular SA accumulation is a component of additional defense responses to Pst. In young plants virulent Pst suppressed both intra- and intercellular SA accumulation in a coronatine-dependent manner. In contrast, high levels of intra- and intercellular SA accumulated in response to avirulent Pst. Our results support the idea that SA accumulation in the intercellular space is an important component of multiple defense responses. Future research will include understanding how mature plants counteract the effects of coronatine during the ARR response.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wilson DC, Carella P, Isaacs M, Cameron RK. The floral transition is not the developmental switch that confers competence for the Arabidopsis age-related resistance response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Plant Mol Biol 2013; 83:235-246. [PMID: 23722504 PMCID: PMC3777159 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related resistance (ARR) is a plant defense response characterized by enhanced resistance to certain pathogens in mature plants relative to young plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana the transition to flowering is associated with ARR competence, suggesting that this developmental event is the switch that initiates ARR competence in mature plants (Rusterucci et al. in Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 66:222-231, 2005). The association of ARR and the floral transition was examined using flowering-time mutants and photoperiod-induced flowering to separate flowering from other developmental events that occur as plants age. Under short-day conditions, late-flowering plant lines ld-1 (luminidependens-1), soc1-2 (suppressor of overexpression of co 1-2), and FRI (+) (FRIGIDA) displayed ARR before the transition to flowering occurred. Early-flowering svp-31, svp-32 (short vegetative phase), and Ws-2 were ARR-defective, whereas early-flowering tfl1-14 (terminal flower 1-14) displayed ARR at the same time as Col-0. While svp-31, svp-32 and Ws-2 produced few rosette leaves, tfl1-14 produced a rosette leaf number similar to Col-0, suggesting that the development of a minimum number of rosette leaves is necessary to initiate ARR competence under short-day conditions. Photoperiod-induced transient expression of FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) caused precocious flowering in short-day-grown Col-0 but this was not associated with ARR competence. Under long-day conditions co-9 (constans-9) mutants did not flower but displayed an ARR response at the same time as Col-0. This study suggests that SVP is required for the ARR response and that the floral transition is not the developmental event that regulates ARR competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Marisa Isaacs
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Robin K. Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Champigny MJ, Isaacs M, Carella P, Faubert J, Fobert PR, Cameron RK. Long distance movement of DIR1 and investigation of the role of DIR1-like during systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:230. [PMID: 23847635 PMCID: PMC3701462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DIR1 is a lipid transfer protein (LTP) postulated to complex with and/or chaperone a signal(s) to distant leaves during Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis. DIR1 was detected in phloem sap-enriched petiole exudates collected from wild-type leaves induced for SAR, suggesting that DIR1 gains access to the phloem for movement from the induced leaf. Occasionally the defective in induced resistance1 (dir1-1) mutant displayed a partially SAR-competent phenotype and a DIR1-sized band in protein gel blots was detected in dir1-1 exudates suggesting that a highly similar protein, DIR1-like (At5g48490), may contribute to SAR. Recombinant protein studies demonstrated that DIR1 polyclonal antibodies recognize DIR1 and DIR1-like. Homology modeling of DIR1-like using the DIR1-phospholipid crystal structure as template, provides clues as to why the dir1-1 mutant is rarely SAR-competent. The contribution of DIR1 and DIR1-like during SAR was examined using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression-SAR assay and an estrogen-inducible DIR1-EGFP/dir1-1 line. We provide evidence that upon SAR induction, DIR1 moves down the leaf petiole to distant leaves. Our data also suggests that DIR1-like displays a reduced capacity to move to distant leaves during SAR and this may explain why dir1-1 is occasionally SAR-competent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. Champigny
- Department of Biology, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
- Plant Biotechnology InstituteSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Marisa Isaacs
- Department of Biology, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Biology, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Faubert
- Department of Biology, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
- Plant Biotechnology InstituteSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Robin K. Cameron
- Department of Biology, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Robin K. Cameron, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Areas of human dentine were examined first with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and subsequently with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Structures observed in dentinal tubules from outer dentine by SEM were identified by TEM as electron-dense structures lining the tubules and not as odontoblast processes. These structures, termed lamina limitans, correspond to the previously described inner hypomineralized lining of dentinal tubules.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Twelve fully-formed human third molars were obtained immediately after extraction, the roots removed, the crowns split into buccal and lingual portions fixed in Karnovsky solution and either left in the mineralized state or demineralized in a formic/citric acid solution. Specimens were dehydrated, critical point dried and examined by SEM. Demineralization of the teeth resulted in the loss of peritubular dentine and the appearance within each tubule of a sheet-like structure which extended from the predentine-dentine junction to the dentine-enamel junction. This sheet-like structure, here termed the lamina limitans, may play a role in the control of peritubular dentine formation.
Collapse
|