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Kavitha C, Subramaniam P. Impact of added ligand oxides in the sulfoxidation of phenylmercaptoacetic acids with oxovanadium (IV)‐salen complexes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Kavitha
- Research Department of Chemistry Aditanar College of Arts and Science Tiruchendur Tamil Nadu India
| | - P. Subramaniam
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu India
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Kavitha C, Subramaniam P. Role of trichloroacetic acid in the catalytic activity of oxovanadium(IV)-salen in the sulfoxidation of phenylmercaptoacetic acids. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Subramaniam P, Nisha KMJ, Vanitha A, Kiruthika ML, Sindhu P, Elesawy BH, Brindhadevi K, Kalimuthu K. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from wild and tissue cultured Ceropegia juncea plants and its antibacterial, anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxic activities. Appl Nanosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Teh CSJ, Yap PSX, Zulkefli NJ, Subramaniam P, Sit PS, Kong ZX, Chong CW, Vellasamy KM, Mariappan V, Ponnampalavanar S, Vadivelu J. Overview of the distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei sequence types and the Emergence of sequence type 1342 in Malaysia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:477-484. [PMID: 33506647 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes melioidosis, is of public health importance in endemic areas including Malaysia. An investigation of the molecular epidemiology links of B. pseudomallei would contribute to better understanding of the clonal relationships, transmission dynamics and evolutionary change. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 45 clinical B. pseudomallei isolates collected from sporadic melioidosis cases in Malaysia was performed. In addition, a total of 449 B. pseudomallei Malaysian strains submitted to the MLST database from 1964 until 2019 were included in the temporal analysis to determine the endemic sequence types (STs), emergence and re-emergence of ST(s). In addition, strain-specific distribution was evaluated using BURST tool. Genotyping of 45 clinical strains was resolved into 12 STs, and the majority were affiliated with ST46 (n = 11) and ST1342 (n = 7). Concomitantly, ST46 was the most prevalent ST in Malaysia, which was first reported in 1964. All the Malaysian B. pseudomallei strains were resolved into 76 different STs with 36 of them uniquely present only in Malaysia. ST1342 was most closely related to ST1034, in which both STs were unique to Malaysia and first isolated from soil samples in Pahang, a state in Malaysia. The present study revealed a high diversity of B. pseudomallei in Malaysia. Localized evolution giving rise to the emergence of new STs was observed, suggesting that host and environmental factors play a crucial role in the evolutionary changes in B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Polly Soo Xi Yap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Prasanna Subramaniam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pik San Sit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhi Xian Kong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kavitha C, Subramaniam P. Alteration of electronic effect causes change in rate determining step: Oxovanadium(IV)–salen catalyzed sulfoxidation of phenylmercaptoacetic acids by hydrogen peroxide. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kohila N, Subramaniam P. A comparative study of ion exchange behavior and analytical applications of zirconium and tin based polyaniline hybrid cation exchangers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Subramaniam P, Jabar KA, Kee BP, Chong CW, Nathan AM, de Bruyne J, Thavagnanam S, Chua KH, Md Yusof MY, Teh CSJ. Serotypes & penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:225-231. [PMID: 30381546 PMCID: PMC6206763 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1987_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a highly invasive extracellular pathogen that causes diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. This study was undertaken to determine the serotype diversity and penicillin susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from paediatric patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Methods: A total of 125 clinical isolates collected from January 2013 to May 2015 were serotyped using seven sequential multiplex polymerase chain reactions. The susceptibility of these isolates to penicillin was also investigated. Results: Serotypes detected among the isolates were serotypes 3, 6A/B, 6C, 11/A/D/F, 15A/F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 34. Serotypes 19F and 6A/B were the most prevalent serotypes detected. Most of the S. pneumoniae were isolated from nasopharyngeal samples of children below five years of age. Majority of the isolates were penicillin susceptible. Only 5.6 per cent of the isolates were non-susceptible to penicillin, mostly of serotype 19F. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study revealed the distribution of various serotypes in S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from children in a teaching hospital at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and decreasing rates of penicillin resistance among them. The shifts in serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin from time to time have been observed. Continuous monitoring and surveillance are pivotal for better infection control and management of pneumococcal infections among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Subramaniam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kartini Abdul Jabar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Pin Kee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University; Centre for Translational Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Marie Nathan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessie de Bruyne
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Surendran Thavagnanam
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yasim Md Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cederwall B, Doncel M, Aktas Ö, Ertoprak A, Liotta R, Qi C, Grahn T, Cullen DM, Hodge D, Giles M, Stolze S, Badran H, Braunroth T, Calverley T, Cox DM, Fang YD, Greenlees PT, Hilton J, Ideguchi E, Julin R, Juutinen S, Raju MK, Li H, Liu H, Matta S, Modamio V, Pakarinen J, Papadakis P, Partanen J, Petrache CM, Rahkila P, Ruotsalainen P, Sandzelius M, Sarén J, Scholey C, Sorri J, Subramaniam P, Taylor MJ, Uusitalo J, Valiente-Dobón JJ. Lifetime Measurements of Excited States in ^{172}Pt and the Variation of Quadrupole Transition Strength with Angular Momentum. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:022502. [PMID: 30085703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.022502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifetimes of the first excited 2^{+} and 4^{+} states in the extremely neutron-deficient nuclide ^{172}Pt have been measured for the first time using the recoil-distance Doppler shift and recoil-decay tagging techniques. An unusually low value of the ratio B(E2:4_{1}^{+}→2_{1}^{+})/B(E2:2_{1}^{+}→0_{gs}^{+})=0.55(19) was found, similar to a handful of other such anomalous cases observed in the entire Segré chart. The observation adds to a cluster of a few extremely neutron-deficient nuclides of the heavy transition metals with neutron numbers N≈90-94 featuring the effect. No theoretical model calculations reported to date have been able to explain the anomalously low B(E2:4_{1}^{+}→2_{1}^{+})/B(E2:2_{1}^{+}→0_{gs}^{+}) ratios observed in these cases. Such low values cannot, e.g., be explained within the framework of the geometrical collective model or by algebraic approaches within the interacting boson model framework. It is proposed that the group of B(E2:4_{1}^{+}→2_{1}^{+})/B(E2:2_{1}^{+}→0_{gs}^{+}) ratios in the extremely neutron-deficient even-even W, Os, and Pt nuclei around neutron numbers N≈90-94 reveal a quantum phase transition from a seniority-conserving structure to a collective regime as a function of neutron number. Although a system governed by seniority symmetry is the only theoretical framework for which such an effect may naturally occur, the phenomenon is highly unexpected for these nuclei that are not situated near closed shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cederwall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Doncel
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Ö Aktas
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ertoprak
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler/Fatih, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R Liotta
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Qi
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Grahn
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D M Cullen
- Schuster Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Hodge
- Schuster Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Giles
- Schuster Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S Stolze
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Badran
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Braunroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - T Calverley
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D M Cox
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Y D Fang
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, JP-567-0047 Osaka, Japan
| | - P T Greenlees
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Hilton
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Ideguchi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, JP-567-0047 Osaka, Japan
| | - R Julin
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Juutinen
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Kumar Raju
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, JP-567-0047 Osaka, Japan
| | - H Li
- Grand Accélérateur National dâIons Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DSMâCNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - H Liu
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Matta
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Modamio
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - J Pakarinen
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - P Papadakis
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Partanen
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C M Petrache
- Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et Sciences de la Matière, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Rahkila
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - P Ruotsalainen
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Sandzelius
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Sarén
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C Scholey
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Sorri
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - P Subramaniam
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Uusitalo
- epartment of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J J Valiente-Dobón
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Subramaniam P, Anbarasan S, Sugirtha Devi S, Ramdass A. Modulation of catalytic activity by ligand oxides in the sulfoxidation of phenylmercaptoacetic acids by oxo(salen)chromium(V) complexes. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Subramaniam P, Sugirtha Devi S, Anbarasan S. Electrophilic and nucleophilic pathways in ligand oxide mediated reactions of phenylsulfinylacetic acids with oxo(salen)chromium(V) complexes. Polyhedron 2016; 115:164-173. [PMID: 32287835 PMCID: PMC7116920 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acids (PSAA) by oxo(salen)Cr(V)+ ion in the presence of ligand oxides has been studied spectrophotometrically in acetonitrile medium. Addition of ligand oxides (LO) causes a red shift in the λ max values of oxo(salen) complexes and an increase in absorbance with the concentration of LO along with a clear isobestic point. The reaction shows first-order dependence on oxo(salen)-chromium(V)+ ion and fractional-order dependence on PSAA and ligand oxide. Michaelis-Menten kinetics without kinetic saturation was observed for the reaction. The order of reactivity among the ligand oxides is picoline N-oxide > pyridine N-oxide > triphenylphosphine oxide. The low catalytic activity of TPPO was rationalized. Both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents in the phenyl ring of PSAA facilitate the reaction rate. The Hammett plots are non-linear upward type with negative ρ value for electron-donating substituents, (ρ - = -0.740 to -4.10) and positive ρ value for electron-withdrawing substituents (ρ + = +0.057 to +0.886). Non-linear Hammett plot is explained by two possible mechanistic scenarios, electrophilic and nucleophilic attack of oxo(salen)chromium(V)+-LO adduct on PSAA as the substituent in PSAA is changed from electron-donating to electron-withdrawing. The linearity in the log k vs. E ox plot confirms single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism for PSAAs with electron-donating substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Research Department of Chemistry, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur 628 216, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sugirtha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi 628 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Anbarasan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur 628 216, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subramaniam P, T. Selvi N. Picolinic acid promoted oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acid by Cr(VI). B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v30i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Subramaniam P, Sugirtha Devi S, Anbarasan S. Proximal effect of the nitrogen bases in the oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acids by oxo(salen)chromium(V) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Deepalakshmi S, Sivalingam A, Kannadasan T, Subramaniam P, Sivakumar P, Brahadeesh ST. Spectroscopic investigation on kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism for electron transfer reaction of iron(III) complex with sulphur centered radical in stimulated biological system. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 124:315-321. [PMID: 24503153 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer reactions of biological organic sulphides with several metal ions to generate sulphide radical cations are a great concern in biochemical process. To understand the mechanism, a stimulated biological system having model compounds, iron(III)-bipyridyl complex with thio-diglycolic acid (TDGA) was investigated. Spectroscopic study reveals the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction in aqueous perchloric acid medium. The reaction follows first and fractional order of 0.412 with respect to [Fe(bpy)3](3+) and TDGA, respectively. The oxidation is insensitive to variation in [H(+)] but slightly decreases with increase in ionic strength ([I]). Addition of acrylamide, a radical scavenger has no effect on the rate of the reaction. The high negative value of ΔS(#) (-74.3±1.09 J K(-1) mol(-1)) indicates the complex formed has a definite orientation higher than the reactants. Based on the above results, a suitable reaction mechanism for this reaction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deepalakshmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 640 014, India
| | - A Sivalingam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 640 014, India.
| | - T Kannadasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 640 014, India
| | - P Subramaniam
- Research Department of Chemistry, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tirucendur 628 216, India
| | - P Sivakumar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, JCT College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 105, India
| | - S T Brahadeesh
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, JCT College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 105, India
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Abstract
Silver molybdate nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal process. Polyaniline–silver molybdate nanocomposites were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique. Silver molybdate nanoparticles and the polymer samples were characterized by conductivity studies, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), UV-visible spectra, photoluminescence spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrical conductivity of PANI- Cl - increases when doped with silver molybdate nanoparticles and follows the percolation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jacinth Mispa
- Research Department of Chemistry, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur, Tamilnadu 628 216, India
| | - P. Subramaniam
- Research Department of Chemistry, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur, Tamilnadu 628 216, India
| | - R. Murugesan
- Department of Chemistry, T.D.M.N.S. College, Kallikulam, Tamilnadu 627 113, India
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Mispa KJ, Subramaniam P, Murugesan R. Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline Using Zirconium Vanadate, a Novel Polyaniline Hybrid Ion Exchanger. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577211x587627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Jacinth Mispa
- a Research Centre of Chemistry, Aditanar College, Tiruchendur-628216, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. Subramaniam
- b Research Centre of Chemistry, Aditanar College, Tiruchendur-628216, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Murugesan
- c Department of Chemistry, T.D.M.N.S. College, T. Kallikulam-627113, Tamilnadu, India;,
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Subramaniam P, Babu Kl G, Nagarathna J. Interdental spacing and dental caries in the primary dentition of 4-6 year old children. J Dent (Tehran) 2012; 9:207-14. [PMID: 23119129 PMCID: PMC3484824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are various risk factors which play an essential role in the multifactorial disease "dental caries." Although absence of interdental spaces in the primary dentition may increase the risk of dental caries, not many studies have been carried out to assess this correlation. This study was performed to assess the relationship between interdental spacing and dental caries in primary dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred 4-6 year-old children were enrolled into this study. Dental caries was recorded using the criteria given by Warren et al. Following this, impressions were made for the upper and lower arches and dental casts were poured. Interdental spaces were measured on the dental casts using a digital verniercaliper. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The number of sites with interdental spaces was higher in the maxillary arch in comparison to the mandibular arch. The highest number of interdental spaces was observed between the maxillary anteriors. The number of demineralized, but non-cavitated tooth surfaces (d(1))were higher than the number of cavitated tooth surfaces. This difference was significant in the mandibular anterior segment. Dental caries showed a negative correlation with interdental spacing. A significant correlation was found between dental caries and interdental spacing in the posterior segment of the mandibular arch. CONCLUSION This study showed that children with no interdental spacing in the primary dentition are at higher risk for dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Subramaniam
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India,Corresponding author: P. Subramaniam, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India,
| | - G. Babu Kl
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - J. Nagarathna
- Assistant Dental Surgeon, Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
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Amare PK, Baisane C, Nair R, Menon H, Banavali S, Kabre S, Gujral S, Subramaniam P. Characterization of cryptic rearrangements, deletion, complex variants of PML, RARA in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Indian J Hum Genet 2011; 17:54-8. [PMID: 22090713 PMCID: PMC3214318 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.86174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(15;17)(q22;q21) leading to the disruption of Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and Retionic Acid Receptor Alpha (RARA) followed by reciprocal PML–RARA fusion in 90% of the cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has overcome the hurdles of unavailability of abnormal and/or lack of metaphase cells, and detection of cryptic, submicroscopic rearrangements. In the present study, besides diagnostic approach we sought to analyze these cases for identification and characterization of cryptic rearrangements, deletion variants and unknown RARA translocation variants by application of D-FISH and RARA break-apart probe strategy on interphase and metaphase cells in a large series of 200 cases of APL. Forty cases (20%) had atypical PML–RARA and/or RARA variants. D-FISH with PML/RARA probe helped identification of RARA insertion to PML. By application of D-FISH on metaphase cells, we documented that translocation of 15 to 17 leads to 17q deletion which results in loss of reciprocal fusion and/or residual RARA on der(17). Among the complex variants of t(15;17), PML–RARA fusion followed by residual RARA insertion closed to PML–RARA on der(15) was unique and unusual. FISH with break-apart RARA probe on metaphase cells was found to be a very efficient strategy to detect unknown RARA variant translocations like t(11;17)(q23;q21), t(11;17)(q13;q21) and t(2;17)(p21;q21). These findings proved that D-FISH and break-apart probe strategy has potential to detect primary as well as secondary additional aberrations of PML, RARA and other additional loci. The long-term clinical follow-up is essential to evaluate the clinical importance of these findings.
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Lee YL, Ismail H, Tan KK, Subramaniam P, Adnan T, Haniff J. P1-213 2009 Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Malaysia. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976e.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Walker SR, Nelson EA, Chaudhury M, Madoux F, Subramaniam P, Chase P, Koenig M, Roush WR, Hodder P, Frank DA. Abstract P6-15-12: Preclinical Evaluation of a STAT3 Inhibitor in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p6-15-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer often arises from inappropriate activation of transcription factors involved in normal mammary development, such as the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. STAT3, which plays an important role in mammary remodeling, is activated (as assessed by tyrosine phosphorylation) in approximately 70% of primary breast cancers, with many of these tumors being highgrade. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 leads to a loss of tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Therefore, targeting STAT3 in breast cancer would be a potentially beneficial form of therapy.
To identify small molecule STAT3 inhibitors, we developed a high throughput cell-based assay to identify compounds that inhibit STAT3- dependent transcriptional activity. We screened approximately 200,000 compounds, and specificity for STAT3 was ensured by eliminating molecules that inhibited either STAT1- or NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity. From this screen, we identified 4-[4-(phenylmethyl) piperidin-1-yl] thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (PMPTP) (Probe ID ML116) as a potent inhibitor of STAT3 transcriptional activity, which has no effect on STAT1 or NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity. Treatment with PMPTP of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, which contain constitutively activated STAT3, leads to inhibition of expression of STAT3 target genes including bcl-x and mcl1. Furthermore, PMPTP is a potent inhibitor of viability of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. By contrast, SK-BR-3 cells, which do not contain constitutively active STAT3, were only minimally affected. This suggests that PMPTP reduces the viability of cells that depend on constitutively active STAT3. PMPTP has no effect on STAT3 tyrosine or serine phosphorylation or STAT3 nuclear translocation, suggesting that PMPTP may be inhibiting STAT3 at the level of DNA binding or co-factor recruitment.
Importantly, PMPTP lowers the apoptotic potential of breast cancer cells thereby making them more susceptible to other forms of therapy. Building on this observation, we identified a number of beneficial combinations of PMPTP with cytotoxic drugs currently used in breast cancer therapy as well as novel anti-cancer agents. Additionally, we analyzed a number of structural analogues of PMPTP, and we identified two compounds that had approximately 4-fold increased potency in inhibiting the viability of breast cancer cells containing STAT3 activation.
Taken together, these findings identify PMPTP as a potential new form of therapy for breast cancers containing activated STAT3, which can be enhanced using conventional and non-conventional chemotherapy.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- SR Walker
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - EA Nelson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - M Chaudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - F Madoux
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - P Subramaniam
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - P Chase
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - M Koenig
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - WR Roush
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - P Hodder
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
| | - DA. Frank
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Reserach Institute; Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL; Scripps Florida, Jupiter
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Subramaniam P, Naidu P. Treatment of crown dilaceration: an interdisciplinary approach. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2010; 28:34-7. [PMID: 20215670 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.60479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma to primary teeth can result in a wide range of disturbances to the underlying permanent teeth, such as dilaceration. Root dilacerations occur more commonly than crown dilacerations. This paper is a report of an 11-year-old girl with a missing maxillary left anterior tooth. Past history revealed premature loss of primary maxillary anterior teeth due to trauma. Radiographic examination revealed crown dilaceration of permanent maxillary left central incisor. An interdisciplinary approach in the management of this child is presented herewith.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- The Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bommanahalli, Bangalore, India.
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Abstract
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The clinical manifestations include palmer planter hyperkeratosis with precocious progressive periodontal disease that results in premature exfoliation of primary and permanent dentitions. Patients are often edentulous at an early age. This is a case report of prosthodontic rehabilitation of a 15-year-old girl with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bommanahalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore - 560 068, Karnataka, India.
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Subramaniam P, Konde S, Mandanna DK. Retention of a resin-based sealant and a glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant: a comparative clinical study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008; 26:114-20. [PMID: 18923223 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.43192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sealing occlusal pits and fissures with resin-based sealants is a proven method of preventing occlusal caries. Retention of the sealant is very essential for its efficiency. This study evaluated the retention of glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant when compared to a self-cure resin-based sealant. One hundred and seven children between the ages of 6-9 years, with all four newly erupted permanent first molars were selected. Two permanent first molars on one side of the mouth were sealed with Delton, a resin-based sealant, and the contralateral two permanent first molars were sealed with Fuji VII glass ionomer cement. Evaluation of sealant retention was performed at regular intervals over 12 months, using Simonsen's criteria. At the end of the study period, the retention of the resin sealant was seen to be superior to that of the glass ionomer sealant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bommanahalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560068, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of tooth development characterized by the presence of opalescent dentin, resulting in a dusky blue to brownish discoloration of the teeth. This condition is genetically and clinically heterogeneous; it may affect only the teeth or it may be associated with the osteogenesis imperfecta. Dentinogenesis imperfecta has been subdivided into three types: type I is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta; in type II there is no associated osteogenesis imperfecta; and when the condition is associated with the Brandywine triracial isolate and large pulp chambers it is classified as type III. This report describes a 16-year-old female patient who showed the characteristic dental features of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II. The etiology and prevalence of the disorder, and a comprehensive treatment plan, will be briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
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25
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Abstract
Witkop's tooth and nail syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of ectodermal dysplasia characterized by hypodontia and nail dysplasia. Mutations in MSX-1 have been shown to be associated with this syndrome. There is failure of development and eruption of the dentition. Tooth shape may vary; the most common forms are conical and narrow crowns. The nails may be spoon shaped and slow growing and affect both finger and toe nails. The nail involvement is more severe in childhood. The present case describes a 14-year-old boy who showed the characteristic features of Witkop's syndrome. A multifaceted approach to the dental management of the patient is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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26
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Subramaniam P, Babu G, Sunny R. Glass fiber-reinforced composite resin as a space maintainer: a clinical study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008; 26 Suppl 3:S98-103. [PMID: 19127025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of glass fiber-reinforced composite resin (GFRCR) as a space maintainer and to compare it with a conventional band-and-loop space maintainer. A total of 30 children (23 boys and 7 girls) aged 6-8 years were selected for the study. Each of these children required maintenance of space due to premature loss of primary first molars in at least two quadrants. In one quadrant, a GFRCR space maintainer was applied and in the other quadrant a band-and-loop space maintainer was cemented. Patients were recalled at regular intervals over 12 months and retention of both the types of space maintainers was evaluated. The retention of the GFRCR space maintainer was found to be superior to that of the band-and-loop space maintainer, but this difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bommanahalli, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560 068, Karnataka, India.
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Bakshi D, Singhal P, Mahajan SK, Subramaniam P, Tuteja U, Batra HV. Development of a real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of scrub typhus cases in India and evidence of the prevalence of new genotype of O. tsutsugamushi. Acta Trop 2007; 104:63-71. [PMID: 17870041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative syber green real-time PCR with primers designed for a truncated portion of the 56kDa major outer membrane antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi was used to diagnose scrub typhus from the blood or serum of suspected patients. Sixty-six blood and/or sera samples from fever cases, either with high index of suspicion for scrub typhus and/or positive by Weil-Felix test (> or = 1:160), were tested with the PCR. Specificity of the PCR was confirmed by end point melt curve analysis and sequencing of the amplicons. A nested PCR for determination of the serotypes of O. tsutsugamushi was performed on to the samples. In real-time PCR strong positive fluorescence was obtained in 73% of the suspected samples. Serotype-specific PCR amplification of some of the positive samples was indicative of the Kuroki type whereas the rest were non-responsive to this test. Sequence analyses of PCR amplicons indicated the presence of new, previously undescribed type of O. tsutsugamushi in this region. This one-step real-time PCR can be used for the detection and confirmation of scrub typhus, when used independently or in conjunction with, the Weil-Felix test, which is still the only available detection test for scrub typhus in most parts of the developing world. Elaborate studies need to be taken up to further evaluate its suitability as specific molecular tool for the diagnosis of scrub typhus and to delineate the prevalent strain types in these regions for a clear epidemiological understanding of this emerging infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diprabhanu Bakshi
- Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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28
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Varcoe RL, Chee W, Subramaniam P, Roach DM, Benveniste GL, Fitridge RA. Arm Vein as a Last Autogenous Option for Infrainguinal Bypass Surgery: It is Worth the Effort. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007; 33:737-41. [PMID: 17293130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considerable evidence exists for the use of arm vein conduit in lower limb bypass surgery. The use of arm vein in preference to synthetic conduit as a last autogenous option was assessed for patency and limb salvage outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective database was interrogated and checked against TQEH operating theatre database to detect all infrainguinal arm vein bypasses performed between 1997 and 2005. Patency, limb salvage and survival data for 37 arm vein bypasses was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate method. RESULTS There were no perioperative deaths. 30 day patency rates were 89% primary, 95% secondary and 95% limb salvage. 12 month patency rates were 56% primary, 79% secondary and 91% limb salvage. 5 year patency rates were 37% primary, 76% secondary and 91% limb salvage. There was no significant patency advantage for primary vs. "redo" grafts (p=0.54), single vessel vs. spliced conduits (p=0.33) or popliteal vs tibial outflow (p=0.80). Patient survival rate was 92% and 65% at 1 and 5 years respectively. CONCLUSION Lower limb bypasses using arm vein can be performed with favourable patency and limb salvage compared to synthetic conduits. However, secondary interventions are frequently required to maintain patency. We recommend a vigilant surveillance program for early identification of patency threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Varcoe
- Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
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29
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Abstract
The purpose of this present study was to determine the pH changes of five different commercially available calcium hydroxide liners and variations of pH at different time intervals. The following commercially available materials were investigated: Dycal (LD Caulk); Calcimol (Vocco Products); calcium hydroxide powder (Deepti Products); Calcimol LC (Vocco Products); Lime-Lite (Pulpdent Corporation). Five samples were prepared from each liner. The pH measurements were recorded at time intervals of 1 h, 24 h, 3 days and 7 days after mixing of the liner. The pH variations of each material at the given time intervals were recorded and the means were calculated. Comparison of the mean values at all time intervals with the statistical analysis showed significantly high differences (P < 0.001) between pH values induced by each material at all time intervals. Among the water-insoluble products, Dycal had the strongest alkaline effect after 7 days interval. The materials that chemically hardened produced higher pH values than materials that hardened by a visible light source after 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
To compare the accuracy of root canal lengths in primary teeth determined by tactile sense, electronic apex locator, conventional radiography, and digital radiography in primary teeth. The study sample consisted of twenty 20 extracted, single-rooted primary teeth. A comparison was made between the working length measurements obtained by tactile sensation, electronic apex locator, conventional film, and digital radiography, using stereomicroscopic measurements to obtain real canal length. The mean readings obtained were 15.91+/-2.06 by tactile measurement, 15.94 94+/-1.42 by apex locator, 16.06+/-1.73 by conventional radiography, and 15.91+/-1.60 by digital radiography. No statistically significant differences were seen between the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Subramaniam P, Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG. Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD001243. [PMID: 16034858 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001243.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort studies (Avery 1987; Jonsson 1997) have suggested that early post-natal nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) may be beneficial in reducing the need for intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and in preventing chronic lung disease in preterm or low birth weight infants. OBJECTIVES To determine if prophylactic nasal CPAP commenced soon after birth regardless of respiratory status in the very preterm or very low birth weight infant reduces the use of IPPV and the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) without adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY The search was updated in April 2005. The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. This included searches of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Library Issue 1 2005, MEDLINE 1966-April 2005, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conferences, symposia, proceedings, expert informants, journal hand searching mainly in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA All trials using random or quasi-random patient allocation of very preterm infants < 32 weeks gestation and / or < 1500 gms at birth were eligible. Comparison had to be between prophylactic nasal CPAP commencing soon after birth regardless of the respiratory status of the infant compared with "standard" methods of treatment where CPAP or IPPV is used for a defined respiratory condition. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group, including independent assessment of trial quality and extraction of data by each author, were used. Data were analysed using relative risk (RR). Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS There are no statistically significant differences in any of the outcomes studied in either of the eligible trials (Han 1987; Sandri 2004) reporting on 82 and 230 infants respectively. In Han 1987 there are trends towards increases in the incidence of BPD at 28 days [RR 2.27 (0.77, 6.65)], death [RR 3.63 (0.42, 31.08)] and any IVH [RR 2.18 (0.84, 5.62)] in the CPAP group. In Sandri 2004 there is a trend towards an increase in IVH grade 3 or 4 [RR 3.0 (0.96, 28.42)] in the CPAP group. No outcome was significantly different in any of the meta-analyses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient information to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic nasal CPAP in very preterm infants. Neither of the included studies reviewed showed evidence of benefit in reducing the use of IPPV. The tendency for some adverse outcomes to be increased is of concern and further multicentre randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Dept Paediatrics, Hospital Ipoh, Ipoh, Malaysia, 30990.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (Greenough 1998, Bancalari 1992). Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with surfactant is the standard treatment for the condition. The major difficulty with IPPV is that it is invasive, resulting in airway and lung injury and contributing to the development of chronic lung disease. OBJECTIVES In spontaneously breathing preterm infants with RDS, to determine if continuous distending pressure (CDP) reduces the need for IPPV and associated morbidity without adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review group was used. This included searches of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE (1966-January 2002), and EMBASE (1980-January 2002), previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants, journal hand searching mainly in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA All trials using random or quasi-random allocation of preterm infants with RDS were eligible. Interventions were continuous distending pressure including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by mask, nasal prong, nasopharyngeal tube, or endotracheal tube, or continuous negative pressure (CNP) via a chamber enclosing the thorax and lower body, compared with standard care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group were used, including independent assessment of trial quality and extraction of data by each author. MAIN RESULTS CDP is associated with a lower rate of failed treatment (death or use of assisted ventilation) [summary RR 0.70 (0.55, 0.88), RD -0.22 (-0.35, -0.09), NNT 5 (3, 11)], overall mortality [summary RR 0.52 (0.32, 0.87), RD -0.15 (-0.26, -0.04), NNT 7 (4, 25)], and mortality in infants with birthweights above 1500 g [summary RR 0.24 (0.07, 0.84), RD -0.281 (-0.483, -0.078), NNT 4 (2, 13)]. The use of CDP is associated with an increased rate of pneumothorax [summary RR 2.36 (1.25, 5.54), RD 0.14 (0.04, 0.23), NNH 7 (4, 24)]. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS In preterm infants with RDS the application of CDP either as CPAP or CNP is associated with benefits in terms of reduced respiratory failure and reduced mortality. CDP is associated with an increased rate of pneumothorax. The applicability of these results to current practice is difficult to assess, given the intensive care setting of the 1970s when four out of five of these trials were done. Where resources are limited, such as in developing countries, CPAP for RDS may have a clinical role. Further research is required to determine the best mode of administration and its role in modern intensive care settings
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ho
- Dept Paediatrics, Perak College of Medicine, Greentown, Ipoh, Malaysia, 30450.
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Vijayagopal P, Subramaniam P. Effect of calcium channel blockers on proteoglycan synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells and low density lipoprotein--proteoglycan interaction. Atherosclerosis 2001; 157:353-60. [PMID: 11472734 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers are known to retard atherosclerosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that one mechanism by which calcium channel blockers retard atherosclerosis is through the modulation of proteoglycan metabolism by vascular smooth muscle cells. We investigated the effect of amlodipine and nifedipine on proteoglycan synthesis by human aortic smooth muscle cells and the ability of the newly synthesized proteoglycans to bind low density lipoprotein (LDL). Confluent smooth muscle cells were incubated with [(35)S]sulfate alone or [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]leucine in the presence and absence of different concentrations of amlodipine and nifedipine (0.1--20 microg/ml) for 24 h, and newly synthesized proteoglycans were analyzed. Both amlodipine and nifedipine inhibited proteoglycan synthesis by smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, amlodipine was significantly more potent than nifedipine in this regard. In the presence of 20 microg/ml amlodipine, media and cellular proteoglycans decreased by 56%. This was due to inhibition of de novo proteoglycan synthesis by amlodipine. Compared with the proteoglycans synthesized by control smooth muscle cells, those synthesized by cells exposed to amlodipine were smaller and less sulfated, and contained fewer glycosaminoglycan chains. In addition, proteoglycans synthesized by cells treated with amlodipine bound LDL with low affinity. These results suggest that amlodipine may protect against atherosclerosis through a proteoglycan-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vijayagopal
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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34
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Subramaniam P, Sivayogan S. The prevalence and pattern of wife beating in the Trincomalee district in eastern Sri Lanka. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2001; 32:186-95. [PMID: 11485084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and to identify some socio-demographic factors associated with wife beating in the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area of Kantale in the Trincomalee district of eastern Sri Lanka. A random sample of 417 women in the age category 18-49 years constituted the sample population. Data were obtained by focus group discussions followed by the administration of a structured questionnaire by trained interviewers. The prevalence of reported wife beating among ever-married women was 30% and the prevalence of wife beating in the year preceding the study was 22%. There was no significant association between wife beating and ethnicity of the study population or a particular age group of either the batterer or the victim. Moreover, wife beating was associated with an early age at marriage for women, low-income, a low standard of living index, large families and alcohol consumption by the batterer. A significant inverse relationship between domestic violence and the level of education of both the batterer and the victim was also identified. Contusions, typically distributed in the region of the head, face and neck were found to be the commonest type of injury suffered by battered women. A majority of women, irrespective of their level of education and employment status placed the welfare of their children as the prime reason for continuing to stay in an abusive relationship. The study concludes that wife beating is a serious health and social problem for the women population of Kantale. Intervention is recommended in relation to key issues identified by the study, including alcohol abuse by men, relative lack of education among the population, lack of family planning, societal influences promoting teenage marriages of the girl-child and absence of programs aimed at creating awareness on wife beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Postgraduate Programme, Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Binelli M, Subramaniam P, Diaz T, Johnson GA, Hansen TR, Badinga L, Thatcher WW. Bovine interferon-tau stimulates the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:654-65. [PMID: 11159370 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.2.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblastic bovine interferon-tau (bIFN-tau) suppresses luteolytic pulses of endometrial prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy. This results in maintenance of the corpus luteum in cattle. The hypothesis that effects of bIFN-tau in the endometrium were through activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway of signal transduction was tested. Whole cell, cytosolic, and nuclear extracts from bovine endometrial cells treated with bIFN-tau were analyzed by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays in a series of dose- and time-dependency experiments. Bovine IFN-tau stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation, homo- and heterodimer formation, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding of STAT proteins 1, 2, and 3. Moreover, bIFN-tau induced synthesis of interferon-regulatory factor. In conclusion, bIFN-tau stimulates the JAK-STAT pathway in the bovine endometrium. It is proposed that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is involved in regulating the antiluteolytic effects of bIFN-tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Binelli
- Departments of Dairy and Poultry Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Subramaniam P, Sunilkumar. Physico-chemical profile of some colouring plants used in homoeopathy. Anc Sci Life 2001; 21:111-9. [PMID: 22557040 PMCID: PMC3336387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2000] [Accepted: 02/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper deal with the physico chemical aspects of certain colouring plants namely. Bixa orellana Linn. (Leaves) and Lawsonia inermis Linn (Leaves). The determined data under the physico chemical, chromatographic and spectrophotometric studies can be taken as a pharmacopoeial standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Subramaniam
- HOMOEOPATHIC DRUG RESEARCH INSTITUTE, B-1433, INDIRA NAGAR, LUCKNOW-16, INDIA
| | - Sunilkumar
- HOMOEOPATHIC DRUG RESEARCH INSTITUTE, B-1433, INDIRA NAGAR, LUCKNOW-16, INDIA
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Subramaniam P, Law D, Grant P, Wolfenden H, Newman D. Aortic valve replacement in severe aortic stenosis and moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction. Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.09338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pressure ventilation. Theophylline stimulation of breathing and continuous positive airways pressure have been used to prevent apnea and its consequences. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to determine in preterm infants with recurrent apnea, if treatment with CPAP compared with treatment with theophylline leads to a clinically important reduction in apnea or use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. This includes searches of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conferences, symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching mainly in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA All trials using random or quasi-random allocation to CPAP or theophylline in preterm infants with clinical recurrent apnea/bradycardia were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted using standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group, with separate evaluation of trial quality and data extraction by each author and synthesis of data using relative risk. MAIN RESULTS The use of mask CPAP is associated with a higher treatment failure rate as measured by less than a 50% reduction in apnea or use of the alternative treatment [RR 2.89 (95% CI 1.12,7.47); RD 0.42 (95% CI 0. 11, 0.74)]. For every 2.4 infants (95% CI 1.4, 9.5) treated with mask CPAP rather than theophylline, there results one treatment failure. In the mask CPAP group there is more use of IPPV [RR 3.09 (1.42,6.70; RD 0.58 (95% CI 0.30, 0.86). For every 1.7 infants (95% CI 1.2, 3.3) treated with mask CPAP rather than theophylline, one infant is intubated for IPPV. In the mask CPAP group, there are trends towards more deaths in the first year, and in death or major disability in survivors at follow up, which do not reach significance. There are no differences in rates of necrotizing enterocolitis or major disability in survivors at follow up. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Theophylline is more effective than mask CPAP for preterm infants with apnea. Since CPAP is no longer administered by mask, the results of this review have limited importance for current clinical practice. Further evaluation of the benefits and harms of CPAP vs theophylline for preterm infants with apnea requires further trials in which CPAP is administered by current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Henderson-Smart
- NSW Centre for Perinatal Health Services Research, Queen Elizabeth II Institute for Mothers and Infants, Building DO2, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006.
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Subramaniam P, Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG. Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000:CD001243. [PMID: 10796424 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES To determine if prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) commenced soon after birth regardless of respiratory status in the very preterm or very low birth weight infant reduces the use of IPPV and the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) without adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. This included searches of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conferences, symposia, proceedings, expert informants, journal hand searching mainly in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA All trials using random or quasi-random patient allocation of very preterm infants < 32weeks gestation and / or < 1500 gms at birth were eligible. Comparison had to be between prophylactic nasal CPAP commencing soon after birth regardless of the respiratory status of the infant compared with "standard" methods of treatment where CPAP or IPPV is used for a defined respiratory condition. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group, including independent assessment of trial quality and extraction of data by each author, were used. Data were analysed using relative risk (RR). MAIN RESULTS There are no statistically significant differences in any of the outcomes reported in the single eligible study of 82 very low birth weight infants. More infants in the prophylactic nasal CPAP group received IPPV; however, this difference is not statistically significant. There are trends towards increases in the incidence of CLD (undefined) [RR 2.27 (0.77, 6.65)], of death [RR 3.63 (0.42, 31.08)] and of intraventricular hemorrhage [RR 2.18 (0.84, 5.62)] in the treatment group. The study also found a trend towards a reduction in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in the treatment group [RR 0.40 (0.13, 1.21)]. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient information to make recommendations for clinical practice. The single study reviewed showed no strong evidence of benefit in reducing the incidence of IPPV. The tendency for some adverse outcomes to be increased is of concern and more data are needed to clarify this. A multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing prophylactic nasal CPAP with "standard" methods of treatment is needed to clarify its clinical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- NSW Centre for Perinatal Health Services Research, Queen Elizabeth II Institute for Mothers and Infants, Building DO2, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006.
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Ryan DH, Bray GA, Helmcke F, Sander G, Volaufova J, Greenway F, Subramaniam P, Glancy DL. Serial echocardiographic and clinical evaluation of valvular regurgitation before, during, and after treatment with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine and mazindol or phentermine. Obes Res 1999; 7:313-22. [PMID: 10440587 DOI: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of cardiac valvular regurgitation demonstrated by echocardiography in patients who took appetite-suppressant medication for weight loss has been assessed at 5%-30%. We studied 86 patients who had echocardiograms before treatment with appetite suppressants to determine the incidence of new cases and to evaluate the clinical implication of the echocardiographic findings. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We studied 69 men [Mean+/-Standard Deviation (S) age 49+/-8] and 17 women (mean+/-S age 50+/-7) who had 233 echocardiograms before, during, and after a weight-loss program that used predominantly fenfluramine (or dexfenfluramine) with mazindol (or phentermine). Mean drug exposure was 17 months. Blinded echocardiographic readings were performed to identify and grade aortic regurgitation (AR) or mitral regurgitation (MR). RESULTS Seven of 86 patients (8%) had pre-existing regurgitation with five (6%) meeting our case definition. Thirteen (16.5%) of initially normal patients developed valvular regurgitation and were new cases. Of the new cases, 12 were grade I/IV AR and one was both grade II/III MR and II/IV AR. All 13 patients were asymptomatic, and only two aortic insufficiency murmurs could be auscultated. There was significantly greater risk for developing valvulopathy for those who took medications longer than 6 months (p = 0.03), and no new cases were observed in patients exposed for less than 8 months. No increased risk associated with age, presence of hypertension, or exposure to fenfluramine-phentermine combination was demonstrated. Although there was a higher incidence of new regurgitation in women (31% vs. 13% for men), this was not statistically significant (p = 0.093). DISCUSSION Some patients who had normal echocardiograms at baseline developed cardiac valvular regurgitation after exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine with mazindol or phentermine. The development of valvulopathy was significantly correlated with duration of exposure. The clinical implications of echocardiographically demonstrated regurgitation are uncertain, since there were only two audible murmurs and no other clinically relevant signs or symptoms among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Ryan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Austin and Repatriation Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A comparative analysis of outcomes of inguinal hernia repair performed under local (LA) and general anaesthesia (GA) by a single surgeon using a standardized technique of anterior transversalis repair was performed. Ninety-three cases were examined, 56 of which were cases of LA hernia repair. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the patient hospital record was performed with particular attention to intra-operative and post-operative analgesia requirements. RESULTS An overall series complication rate of 6.5% (6/93) is reported. Only one of 56 LA patients (2%) required more than 24 h of narcotic analgesic injections compared to 11% (4/37) in the GA group (P < 0.05). The mean total postoperative parenteral narcotic requirement in the LA group was 86+/-14 mg of pethidine as compared to the GA group who had a mean total requirement of 121+/-17 mg of pethidine (P > 0.08). CONCLUSIONS The LA infiltration technique is an effective method for inguinal hernia repair. This series demonstrates benefits in terms of length of hospital stay and a lower incidence of postoperative parenteral narcotic analgesic requirement although when post-operative parenteral narcotics were required by the LA group of patients, the difference in mean total pethidine requirement was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Burnie Division, North-West Regional Hospital, Tasmania, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An audit of both the emergency and elective abdominal aortic surgery that was performed in a rural surgical service, was carried out. METHODS Retrospective data analysis was performed on 41 patients who were treated for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) during an 8-year period from 1989 to 1996. Postoperative outcomes were analysed with respect to patient age, mode of presentation (elective or emergency), transfusion requirements and pre-existing cardiac and respiratory disease. Univariate analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, and the odds ratio for adverse outcome was calculated. RESULTS A postoperative mortality rate of 5.8% in elective repairs and 68% in cases of rupture was noted. Pre-existing respiratory disease, transfusion requirements of more than six units and presentation with retroperitoneal leak or rupture correlated with postoperative mortality, while age and pre-existing cardiac disease were shown not to be predictive of adverse outcome following surgery. CONCLUSIONS An overall improvement in operative outcomes in the institution (Wimmera Base Hospital) that was audited would be affected by earlier referral for elective repair in selected patients. Like others, the authors believe that age on its own is not a contraindication to elective AAA repair.
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Srivastava R, Kumar D, Subramaniam P, Srivastava BS. beta-Galactosidase reporter system in mycobacteria and its application in rapid antimycobacterial drug screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 235:602-5. [PMID: 9207204 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria are generally slow growing organisms and it takes several weeks to evaluate inhibitors of growth. Therefore, for rapid screening of the inhibitors of mycobacterial growth, a beta-galactosidase reporter system has been described which utilises a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 expressing E. coli lacZ gene as the test organism. The assay is based on production of beta-galactosidase in presence of drugs during growth. A correlation between beta-galactosidase production and colony forming ability of mycobacteria was obtained. beta-galactosidase production was inhibited within 6 h by front line standard antimycobacterial drugs like streptomycin, rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and ofloxacin at their reported MICs. The assay was performed on mycobacterial cells permeabilized with chloroform and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srivastava
- Division of Microbiology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Subramaniam P, de la Harpe D, Corlett RJ. Focal tenosynovial amyloid deposition as a rare cause of median nerve compression at the wrist. Aust N Z J Surg 1997; 67:138-9. [PMID: 9068559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1997.tb01922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although certain local and systemic aetiologies for the carpal-tunnel syndrome are known, a large number of cases of this syndrome do not have a conclusive aetiology. We present a case of histologically proven focal tenosynovial deposition of amyloid presenting as a rare cause of median nerve compression at the wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Acute dissection of the ascending aorta is a rare, potentially fatal complication of cardiac surgery. During surgery patients with long-standing hypertension and atheromatous arterial disease require careful handling and cannulation of the aorta and aggressive intra-operative and postoperative management of aortic pressure. We present the successful treatment of a patient with acute aortic dissection following elective coronary artery surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An Australia-wide multicentre prospective study was undertaken to audit cases of initial parathyroid exploration between 1 January and 31 December 1992. One hundred and sixty-two cases were audited. The audit was designed to study pre-operative biochemical assessment, localization techniques and the technique of exploration. METHOD A pro forma audit form was circulated to all Australian surgeons known to perform parathyroid surgery. Eleven responded. RESULTS Free serum ionized calcium (iCa) was measured in 30% of cases, with the majority of pre-operative calcium assays being performed using total serum calcium (tCa). In 40 cases (29%) pre-operative localization techniques were used. These proved inaccurate in 10 cases. The intra-operative technique of localization with methylene blue infusion was used in 11% of cases. All four glands were biopsied in 11% of cases. No deaths were reported and a postoperative morbidity rate of 3.1% was noted. Eighty-eight per cent of patients were discharged within 5 days of surgery with a third going home within 48 h of neck exploration surgery. Only one patient (0.6%) required re-exploration for persistent hypercalcaemia due to a second adenoma. CONCLUSIONS The surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism can be regarded as safe, with minimum morbidity in experienced hands. Pre-operative localization studies in initial parathyroid exploration are not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Sinha
- Department of Surgery, University of Tasmania, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of the p53 tumour suppressor gene lead to the loss of control of normal cellular proliferation and differentiation and have been shown to be associated with the development of malignancy. METHOD Archival paraffin resection specimens from 86 cases of hyperparathyroidism treated surgically using the rabbit polyclonal CMI antibody were investigated to detect p53 immunoreactivity in these sections. RESULTS Eighteen of the 86 sections examined (21%) showed nuclear immunoreactivity. No correlation was detected between tumour histology and p53 immunoreactivity (P = 0.45), nor was there any correlation between tumour clonality and immunoreactivity (P = 0.54). Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) status did not correlate with p53 immunoreactivity. A significant correlation between p53 immunoreactivity and preparathyroidectomy calcium levels of > 1.5 mmol/L was detected (P < 0.005) although no correlation was noted between p53 immunoreactivity and higher levels of preparathyroidectomy intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. CONCLUSION A relationship is postulated between abnormal serum calcium regulation and p53 mutation in hypercalcaemic states associated with hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- University Department of Surgery, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Subramaniam P, Parker S, Lim SL, Wilkinson G, Sinha SN. Review of liver trauma management in Tasmania: an analysis of risk factors for mortality and morbidity. Aust N Z J Surg 1995; 65:861-4. [PMID: 8611109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1995.tb00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A review of liver trauma treated by the major trauma care facilities of Tasmania in the 5 year period between 1989 and 1993 is presented. The aim of this retrospective review was to provide an audit of the management of liver trauma in the island of Tasmania and to analyse the risk factors contributing to mortality and major morbidity. Thirty-seven patients were treated with a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 14 (range 9-34). The overall mortality rate of this series was 5.8%. Age, mechanism of injury (blunt or penetrating), delay prior to hospital presentation and modality of treatment (operative or non-operative) were not significant risk factors for mortality and morbidity; however, transfusion requirement of over 10 units of blood (P < 0.005), ISS score of over 20 (P < 0.0005), haemodynamic instability at presentation (P < 0.05) and a Hepatic Injury Score (HIS) grade of 3 or more (P < 0.05) were statistically significant risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- University Department of Surgery, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Subramaniam P, Wilkinson S, Shepherd JJ. Inactivation of retinoblastoma gene in malignant parathyroid growths: a candidate genetic trigger? Aust N Z J Surg 1995; 65:714-6. [PMID: 7487709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1995.tb00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for parathyroid carcinoma remains undetermined. Parathyroid carcinoma potentially remains curable by early en bloc resection. This requires a reliable diagnostic tool as histological features alone are insufficient to distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from its benign counterpart, parathyroid adenoma. A variety of human cancers arise from the inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene, a tumour-suppressor gene on chromosome 13q14. We investigated the role of this gene in parathyroid growths by using a mouse monoclonal antibody to detect RB gene expression immunohistochemically. Two of the three parathyroid carcinomas in this study showed evidence of RB gene inactivation compared with one of 11 benign parathyroid entities. Three normal parathyroid glands stained showed strong evidence of RB gene expression in all three glands. The relationship between RB gene inactivation and parathyroid malignancy, however, was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- University Department of Surgery, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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