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Yin QZ, Wu ZP, Berger A, Goosse H, Hodell D. Insolation triggered abrupt weakening of Atlantic circulation at the end of interglacials. Science 2021; 373:1035-1040. [PMID: 34446606 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abrupt cooling is observed at the end of interglacials in many paleoclimate records, but the mechanism responsible remains unclear. Using model simulations, we demonstrate that there exists a threshold in the level of astronomically induced insolation below which abrupt changes at the end of interglacials of the past 800,000 years occur. When decreasing insolation reaches the critical value, it triggers a strong, abrupt weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a cooler mean climate state accompanied by high-amplitude variations lasting for several thousand years. The mechanism involves sea ice feedbacks in the Nordic and Labrador Seas. The ubiquity of this threshold suggests its fundamental role in terminating the warm climate conditions at the end of interglacials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Z Yin
- Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Z P Wu
- Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A Berger
- Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - H Goosse
- Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - D Hodell
- Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Cheng BC, Zhou XP, Zhu Q, Gong S, Qin ZH, Reid PF, Raymond LN, Yin QZ, Jiang XH. Cobratoxin inhibits pain-evoked discharge of neurons in thalamic parafascicular nucleus in rats: involvement of cholinergic and serotonergic systems. Toxicon 2009; 54:224-32. [PMID: 19375445 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of cobratoxin (CTX) on pain-evoked discharge of neurons in thalamic parafascicular nucleus (Pf) of rats and analyzed some of the mechanisms involved in this effect. Intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of CTX at 0.56, 1.12 and 4.50 microg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the pain-evoked discharges of Pf neurons. The inhibition of pain-evoked discharges of Pf neurons by CTX at high dose (4.50 microg/kg) persisted at least for 2h, while the inhibitory effect of morphine (40 microg) persisted no longer than 30 min. The inhibitory effect of CTX was reversed by pretreatment with atropine (icv, 5 microg). In contrast, icv injection of naloxone (4 microg) had no effect on CTX-induced inhibition. Furthermore, pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine, a specific inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, also significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of CTX. The results suggested that: (a) CTX has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on pain-evoked discharges of Pf neurons, confirming electrophysiologically the antinociceptive action of CTX; (b) the inhibitory effect of CTX has a longer duration compared to that of morphine; (c) central cholinergic and serotonergic systems, but not opioidergic system, are involved in the inhibitory effect of CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Medical Psychology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Li ZH, Chu N, Shan LD, Gong S, Yin QZ, Jiang XH. Inducible expression of functional mu opioid receptors in murine dendritic cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2009; 4:359-67. [PMID: 19189219 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-009-9145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are known to exert direct effects on the immune system, and the expression of functional opioid receptors has been reported on several immune cell types. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important inducers and regulators of immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether murine dendritic cells express functional mu opioid receptors (MOR). RT-PCR analysis and double immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of MOR in activated murine dendritic cells. We also studied the dynamic expression of MOR messenger RNA in murine dendritic cells in response to different Toll-like receptor ligands. Functionally, treatment of DCs with endomorphin 1 (EM1), a specific agonist of MOR, can inhibit the forskolin-induced formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate level in activated DCs. Moreover, EM1 treatment resulted in less activation of p38 MAPK and more activation of ERK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DCs. Consistently, treatment of DCs with EM1 altered cytokine production by increasing IL-10 and decreasing IL-12 and IL-23. Our results suggest that MOR is inducibly expressed on activated DCs and functionally mediates EM1-induced effects on DCs. Thus, dendritic cells might be involved in crosstalk between the neuroendocrine and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Gao YZ, Guo SY, Yin QZ, Hisamitsu T, Jiang XH. An individual variation study of electroacupuncture analgesia in rats using microarray. Am J Chin Med 2008; 35:767-78. [PMID: 17963317 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07005259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to probe candidate genes which were involved in the electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia and to understand the molecular basis of the individual difference of EA analgesia in rats. We compared hypothalamus transcriptional profiles of responders with those of non-responders after 1 Hz EA treatment at ST36 acupoint for 1 hour by using oligonucleotide microarray. Responders and non-responders were determined by tail flick latency (TFL). A real-time quantitative RT-PCR was applied to validate the differential expressed genes. Our study provided a global hypothalamus transcriptional profile of EA analgesia in rats. We found that 63 and 3 genes were up- and down-regulated in the responder group, respectively. Half of the differentially expressed genes were classified into 9 functional groups which were ion transport, sensory perception, synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission, signal transduction, inflammatory response, apoptosis, transcription, protein amino acid phosphorylation and G-protein signaling. Glutamatergic receptors, ghrelin precursor, melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) and neuroligin 1 were found to be up-regulated in the responder group which may become new targets for nociceptive study and deserve further investigation for developing new acupuncture therapy and intervention of pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhen Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Gao YZ, Guo SY, Yin QZ, Cui XQ, Hisamitsu T, Jiang XH. Possible involvement of integrin signaling pathway in the process of recovery from restraint stress in rats. Neurosci Bull 2008; 23:229-35. [PMID: 17687398 PMCID: PMC5550586 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-007-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To search novel genes or pathways involved in the recovery process after restraint stress in rats. METHODS We compared the hypothalamus transcriptional profiles of two different recovery patterns (fast recovery vs slow recovery) from restraint stress in rats using oligonucleotide microarray, the recovery pattern was determined by the decrement of plasma adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels during one hour recovery period after stress. A real-time quantitative RT-PCR was applied to validate the differential expressed genes. RESULTS Analysis of the microarray data showed that most of genes were not differentially expressed between fast recovery group and slow recovery group. Among the differentially expressed genes we found that talin, together with serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit (PP-1B) and integrin alpha-6 precursor (VLA-6) genes, were at least 1.5 fold up-regulated in the fast recovery group, while junctional adhesion molecule 1 (F11r) was 1.5 fold down-regulated in the fast recovery group. CONCLUSION The results implied that integrin signaling pathway may be involved in the recovery from restraint stress in rats. The present study provided a global overview of hypothalamus transcriptional profiles during the process of recovery from the restraint stress in rats. The integrin signaling pathway seems to be involved in the recovery process, which deserves further study to clarify the integrin-mediated recovery mechanism after restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhen Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142 Japan
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142 Japan
| | - Qi-Zhang Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Xiang-Qin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0022 USA
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142 Japan
| | - Xing-Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
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Zhu Q, Wu DC, Zhou XP, Gong S, Cheng BC, Qin ZH, Reid PF, Yin QZ, Jiang XH. Inhibitory effect of crotoxin on the pain-evoked discharge of neurons in thalamic parafascicular nucleus in rats. Toxicon 2008; 51:102-11. [PMID: 17915276 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crotoxin (Cro), the principal neurotoxic component of Crotalus durissus terrificus, has been previously reported to have a behavioral analgesic effect in rats and mice. The present study investigated electrophysiologically the effect of Cro on pain-evoked unit discharge of neurons in thalamic parafascicular nucleus (Pf) and underlying mechanisms of its effect. The electrical discharge of Pf neurons was recorded with the microelectrode technique in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Cro at 0.25, 0.45 and 0.65 microg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the pain-evoked discharge of Pf neurons. The discharge frequency and the discharge duration significantly (P<0.05) decreased after Cro administration. This inhibitory effect was significantly (P<0.05) attenuated after pretreatment with para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), or electrolytic lesion of dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus. In contrast, i.c.v. injection of atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist, 5 microg) or naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist, 4 microg) had no effect on Cro-induced inhibition of discharge of Pf neurons. The results suggested that Cro has an analgesic effect, which is mediated, at least partially, by the central serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Xu WP, Shan LD, Gong S, Chen L, Zhang YJ, Yin QZ, Hisamitsu T, Jiang XH, Guo SY. Forced running enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and improves learning ability. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2006; 58:415-20. [PMID: 17041724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of forced running in motor-driven wheel on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult rats, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog was applied to mark cell proliferation. Neuroepthelial stem cell protein (nestin) expression was used to identify neural stem/precursor cells. The BrdU- and nestin-positive cells were examined by immunohistochemical technique. The ability of learning was evaluated by Y-maze test to explore the functional role of the newborn cells in the DG after forced running. It was found that the number of BrdU- and nestin-positive cells in the DG in running groups was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (P<0.05). The effect of forced running on neurogenesis was intensity-dependent. In addition, an improvement of learning ability in Y-maze test was observed after forced running. These findings suggest that forced running in motor-driven wheel could enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG of adult rats and improve learning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Chen L, Gong S, Shan LD, Xu WP, Zhang YJ, Guo SY, Hisamitsu T, Yin QZ, Jiang XH. Effects of exercise on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and ability of learning and memory after hippocampus lesion in adult rats. Neurosci Bull 2006; 22:1-6. [PMID: 17684532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of exercise on dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis and the ability of learning and memory in hippocampus-lesioned adult rats. Methods Hippocampus lesion was produced by intrahippocampal microinjection of kainic acid (KA). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label dividing cells. Y maze test was used to evaluate the ability of learning and memory. Exercise was conducted in the form of forced running in a motor-driven running wheel. The speed of wheel revolution was regulated at 3 kinds of intensity: lightly running, moderately running, or heavily running. Results Hippocampus lesion could increase the number of BrdU-labeled DG cells, moderately running after lesion could further enhance the number of BrdU-labeled cells and decrease the error number (EN) in Y maze test, while neither lightly running, nor heavily running had such effects. There was a negative correlation between the number of DG BrdU-labeled cells and the EN in the Y maze test after running. Conclusion Moderate exercise could enhance the DG neurogenesis and ameliorate the ability of learning and memory in hippocampus-lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123; Department of Physiology, School of Preclinic Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; E-mail: ;
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Zhu Q, Guo SY, Gong S, Yin QZ, Hisamitsu T, Jiang XH. Losartan blocks the excitatory effect of peripheral hypertonic stimulation on vasopressinergic neurons in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in rats: electrophysiological and immunocytochemical evidence. Neurosci Lett 2005; 380:12-6. [PMID: 15854742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Revised: 12/25/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of peripheral hypertonic stimulation on the neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was investigated in the present study with both electrophysiological and immunocytochemical methods. The discharge frequency of the neurons with phasic activity in PVN could be increased by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of hypertonic saline (HS, 1.5M NaCl) (from 2.8 +/- 0.5 Hz to 5.4 +/- 0.9 Hz, P<0.001). The Fos expression in PVN could be enhanced (from 21.2 +/- 12.9 to 217.3 +/- 38.5 Fos-positive neurons, P<0.001) by i.p. HS and the majority of AVP-positive neurons expressing Fos (91.7 +/- 3.6%) was in magnocellular subdivision of PVN. After intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of losartan, angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist (5 microg/microl), the excitatory effect of peripheral hypertonic stimulation on PVN neurons with phasic activity was inhibited significantly, and the number of the neurons co-expressing Fos and AVP in PVN decreased significantly (P<0.001) as well. The result demonstrated that the vasopressinergic neurons in PVN could be excited by peripheral hypertonic stimulation, and this excitation might be mediated by angiotensin II fibers projecting from subfornical organ to PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, 48 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, PR China
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Jiang XH, Guo SY, Xu S, Yin QZ, Ohshita Y, Naitoh M, Horibe Y, Hisamitsu T. Sympathetic nervous system mediates cold stress-induced suppression of natural killer cytotoxicity in rats. Neurosci Lett 2004; 358:1-4. [PMID: 15016420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 11/02/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms of suppression of splenic natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity caused by cold stress, using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as chemical sympathectomy. The NK activity was measured by (51)chromium release assay. Central sympathectomy with intracerebroventricular injection of 6-OHDA significantly reduced the elevation of the plasma corticosterone level, the expression of Fos in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in locus coeruleus, as well as the suppression of NK activity induced by cold stress at 4 degrees C for 4 h. Peripheral sympathectomy with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 6-OHDA and blockade of beta-adrenergic receptor with i.p. injection of propranolol also reversed the cold stress-induced suppression of NK cytotoxicity, but without significant effect on Fos expression in the brain. The results suggest that the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis induced by cold stress might be mediated, at least partially, by the central noradrenergic system, and that the cold stress-induced suppression of NK cytotoxicity might be mediated by the activation of the peripheral sympathetic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Jiang XH, Guo SY, Xu S, Yin QZ, Ohshita Y, Naitoh M, Horibe Y, Hisamitsu T. Sympathetic nervous system mediates cold stress-induced suppression of natural killer cytotoxicity in rats. Neurosci Lett 2004; 357:1-4. [PMID: 15036599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 11/02/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms of suppression of splenic natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity caused by cold stress, using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as chemical sympathectomy. The NK activity was measured by (51)chromium release assay. Central sympathectomy with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 6-OHDA reduced significantly the elevation of plasma corticosterone level, the expression of Fos in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in locus coeruleus, as well as the suppression of NK activity induced by cold stress at 4 degrees C for 4 h. Peripheral sympathectomy with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 6-OHDA and blockade of beta-adrenergic receptor with i.p. injection of propranolol also reversed the cold stress-induced suppression of NK cytotoxicity, but without significant effect on Fos expression in brain. The results suggest that the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis induced by cold stress might be mediated, at least partially, by central noradrenergic system, and that the cold stress-induced suppression of NK cytotoxicity might be mediated by the activation of peripheral sympathetic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hong Jiang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, P.R. China
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Li ZH, Shan LD, Jiang XH, Guo SY, Yu GD, Hisamitsu T, Yin QZ. Analgesic effect of endomorphin-1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:976-80. [PMID: 11749786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the analgesic effect of endomorphin-1 (EM-1). METHODS The experiment was performed in rats and mice to study the analgesic effect of intraperitoneal (ip) injection of EM-1 with tail stimulation-vocalization test, writhing test, adjuvant arthritis, and neuropathic pain model and to compare it with the analgesic effects produced by intracerebroventricular (icv) and intrathecal (it) administrations. RESULTS 1) EM-1 raised the pain threshold dose-dependently in tail stimulation-vocalization test in rats and inhibited the writhing responses induced by ip acetic acid in mice. EM-1 also decreased the hyperalgesia in both adjuvant arthritis and neuropathic pain model. 2) The analgesic effect induced by central (icv and it) administration of EM-1 was faster and more powerful than that induced by peripheral (ip) administration. 3) The analgesic effect of EM-1 was reversed by naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist), as well as by cyprodime (mu-opioid receptor selective antagonist). Repeated administrations of EM-1 induced tolerance. CONCLUSION EM-1 had a definite analgesic effect and the analgesic effect of EM-1 was mediated by central mu-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142, Japan
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Zhou XJ, Yu GD, Yin QZ. [The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland in the circadian rhythmic organization of mammals]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2001; 32:116-20. [PMID: 12545879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a most important circadian pacemaker, which controls physiological and behaviour rhythm in mammals. SCN owns a intrinsic rhythm itself, and is entrained by photoperiodic signal and some endogenous chemical substances. Melatonin (MEL) is secreted by pineal gland, which is regulated by SCN. MEL triggers the second and third message systems, and regulates SCN circadian activity through high affinity MEL receptor within SCN. This regulation is time-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Suzhou University, Suzhou 215007
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Yu GD, Liu YL, Jiang XH, Guo SY, Zhang HQ, Yin QZ, Hisamitsu T. The inhibitory effect of serotonin on the spontaneous discharge of suprachiasmatic neurons in hypothalamic slice is mediated by 5-HT(7) receptor. Brain Res Bull 2001; 54:395-8. [PMID: 11306191 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists on the spontaneous discharge of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons were investigated using rat hypothalamic slice. It was found that: (1) the SCN neurons showed a persistent rhythm in the spontaneous discharge rate, which was higher during the light phase than during the dark phase; (2) the effects of 5-HT on SCN neurons was inhibitory in nature and the sensitivity of SCN neurons to 5-HT during the light phase was lower than that during the dark phase; (3) both 5-HT and 5-HT(1/7) receptor agonist, (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(DL-N-propylamino) tetralin hydrobromide, could inhibit the spontaneous discharge of SCN neurons. This inhibitory effect could be blocked by 5-HT(2/7) receptor antagonist ritanserin and putative 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists clozapine, but neither by selective 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist ketanserin, nor by 5-HT(1) receptor antagonist pindolol. It was suggested that the inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the spontaneous discharge of SCN neurons in rat hypothalamic slice is mediated by 5-HT(7) receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yin QZ, Jacobsen SB, McDonough WF, Horn I, Petaev MI, Zipfel J. Supernova Sources and the 92Nb-92Zr p-Process Chronometer. Astrophys J 2000; 536:L49-L53. [PMID: 10849418 DOI: 10.1086/312718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2000] [Accepted: 04/17/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report new Zr isotope evidence for live (92)Nb (mean life: tau&d1;92Nb=52 Myr) within the early solar system resulting in &parl0;92Nb&solm0;93Nb&parr0;initial approximately 10-3. The meteoritic minerals rutile and zircon have, respectively, very high and very low Nb/Zr ratios and are ideal for exploring the (92)Nb-(92)Zr chronometer. Rutiles exhibit high positive straightepsilon92Zr ( approximately 14-36) while a zircon has a negative straightepsilon92Zr ( approximately -4), as would be expected if (92)Nb was live in the early solar system. The meteoritic rutiles appear to be young, with apparent times of formation of approximately 80-220 Myr subsequent to the origin of the solar system. The initial (92)Nb/(92)Mo for the solar system is broadly compatible with a model of uniform production if the (92)Nb/(92)Mo production ratio for Type II supernova (SNII) sources with neutrino-driven winds is used. Data for all the now extinct p-process nuclides ((92)Nb, (97)Tc, and (146)Sm) are consistent with these isotopes being derived by uniform production from SNII sources and a free decay interval of approximately 10 Myr. Consideration of a range of models indicates that the average p-process production ratio of (92)Nb/(92)Mo needs to be at least in the range of 0.06-0.25.
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Zhou XJ, Jiang XH, Yu GD, Yin QZ. Modulation of circadian rhythm of discharges of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons in rat hypothalamic slices by melatonin. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2000; 52:215-9. [PMID: 11956567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous firing of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons and the effect of melatonin (MEL) were examined in hypothalamic slices made from pinealectomized rats or from the rats exposed to constant light. The results are as follows. (1) Under normal light cycle (light dark=12 12), SCN neurons displayed a circadian rhythm in spontaneous discharges. A peak about 8.3 Hz was presented at CT (circadian time) 6 8 and a trough about 3.8 Hz at CT18 20. The circadian rhythm persisted after pinealectomy, but disappeared after constant light exposure. (2) The response of SCN neurons to MEL was mainly inhibitory. Under normal light exposure, the inhibitory proportion was higher during the subjective day with the largest proportion of about 42% at CT8 10, and was lower during the subjective night with the largest proportion of about 26% at CT22 24. Under both constant light exposure and pinealectomy, the circadian rhythm of the response of SCN neurons to MEL disappeared. (3) The inhibitory effect of MEL on spontaneous discharges of SCN neurons was blocked by ML-1 receptor antagonist luzindole, but not by ML-2 receptor antagonist prazosin. The above results suggest that pineal gland, as a regulator of the organization of circadian rhythm, regulates the circadian rhythm of SCN neurons at two responsive time windows (CT8 10 and CT22 24) through high affinity ML-1 receptors in SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou 215007, China.
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17
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Gong S, Zhang HQ, Yin WP, Yin QZ, Zhang Y, Gu ZL, Qian ZM, Tang PL. Involvement of interleukin-2 in analgesia produced by Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptides. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1998; 19:67-70. [PMID: 10375763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in analgesia produced by Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide (PSP). METHODS The IL-2 antiserum was injected i.c.v. or i.p. and the MBH was destroyed electrolytically. RESULTS PSP i.g. 1 g.kg-1.d-1 for 6 d increased the pain threshold in tail stimulation-vocalization test in rats. This PSP-produced analgesia was blocked by i.c.v., but not i.p., IL-2 antiserum and disappeared after electrolytic lesion of MBH. CONCLUSION The analgesia produced by PSP is mediated by IL-2 which is activated by PSP and interacts with IL-2 receptors in the MBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College, China
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18
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Yu GD, Wei XP, Zhang HQ, Xu S, Yin QZ, Tang PL, Qian ZM. [Effect of dorsal raphe nucleus stimulation on unit discharges of light-sensitive neurons of suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1997; 49:314-20. [PMID: 9812817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) stimulation on the unit discharge of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons was studied and analyzed pharmacologically in the Wistar rats. Experimental results showed that DR stimulation could significantly inhibit the light-induced discharge of SCN neurons. Pharmacologically, this inhibition could be enhanced by monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline, attenuated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine and blocked by 5-HT receptor antagonist cyproheptadine. It was suggested that the inhibitory effect of DR stimulation on the light-sensitive SCN neuron discharge might be mediated by 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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19
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Yu GD, Yin QZ, Hu YM, Yin ZW, Gu ZL, Qian ZN, Qian ZM. Effects of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides peptides on electric activity of mediobasal hypothalamus and on immune function in rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1996; 17:271-4. [PMID: 9812756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The nervous mechanism of the immune potentiating effect of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides peptides (PSP) was studied in Wistar rats. METHODS The unit discharge of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) neurons was recorded extracellularly and the lymphocyte proliferation was measured. RESULTS PSP 1 g.kg-1 ig for 5 d increased the T-lymphocytes and promoted T-lymphocyte proliferation in spleen and peripheral blood. This promoting effect of PSP was blocked by MBH lesion. PSP increased the discharge frequency of MBH neurons, but no increase in discharge frequency was observed after treatment of PSP plus immune inhibitor, cyclosporin A. CONCLUSION MBH is involved in the immune-potentiating effect of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College, China
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20
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Chen QL, Li JH, Zhou ZJ, Yin QZ. [Effects of lesion or stimulation of pituitary gland and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus on pain modulation in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1995; 47:505-9. [PMID: 8711516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Relationship between pituitary gland and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the modulation of pain threshold was investigated in Wistar rats with method of focal lesion and stimulation of pituitary gland. Experimental results indicated that electrolytic lesion of the pituitary intermediate and anterior lobes resulted in a decrease of pain threshold and disappearance of the analgesia immediately produced by ARC stimulation. Stimulation of the same area of pituitary gland could induce a delayed analgesia, which could be blocked by ARC lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Chen
- Department of Physiology, Laberatory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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21
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Jiao YY, DuanMu ZX, Yu GD, Yin QZ. [Inhibitory effects of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus or anterior pituitary stimulation on the nociceptive responses of thalamic parafascicular neurons]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1995; 47:423-8. [PMID: 8711504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) or anterior lobe of pituitary (AL) stimulation on the nociceptive responses of thalamic parafascicular (Pf) neurons were studied in rats with electrophysiological technique. The results showed that ARC stimulation could inhibit the nociceptive discharges of Pf neurons, namely, the immediate inhibition because of its very short latency and duration. AL stimulation could also inhibit the nociceptive discharges of Pf neurons, but this inhibition was a delayed one because of its longer latency and duration. Hypophysectomy diminished the immediate inhibition due to ARC stimulation, while ARC lesion diminished the delayed inhibition due to AL stimulation. Both kinds of inhibition were blocked by dexamethasone pretreatment. The above results suggest that neuroendocrine relationship between ARC and AL is involved in pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Jiao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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22
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Xu GY, Duanmu ZX, Yin QZ. [Reversal of the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on the nociceptive response of neurons in parafascicular nucleus by naloxone and atropine in acute arthritic rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1994; 46:427-34. [PMID: 7846542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rats with adjuvant arthritis were used as an animal model of pathological pain in this experiment and the nociceptive response of neurons in parafascicular nucleus (Pf) were recorded and intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of naloxone and atropine was adopted in order to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and to analyze the neurotransmitters involved. The main results were as follows: (1) The nociceptive response of the majority of Pf neurons (29/34) in arthritic rats was significantly inhibited by EA at acupoints of "Zusanli" and "Sanyinjiao"; (2) The inhibitory effect of EA was reversed in 12/13 units by icv injection of naloxone (4 micrograms/10 microliters); (3) The inhibitory effect of EA was also reversed in 11/12 units by icv injection of atropine (5 micrograms/10 microliters) (4) The spontaneous unit discharge of Pf neurons in arthritic rats was increased after icv injection of naloxone or atropine. Experimental results suggest that EA could have an inhibitory effect on the nociceptive response of Pf neurons in arthritic rats, which might be mediated by opioid system and cholinergic system in the brain, and that opioid system and cholinergic system might have a tonic inhibitory effect on the spontaneous unit discharge of Pf neurons in arthritic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Xu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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23
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Chen QL, Li JH, Liu HC, Gu F, Yin QZ. [The analgesia effect and plasma corticosterone reaction during stress in adult rats treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1994; 46:193-7. [PMID: 7973803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, it was found that the number of beta-endorphin (beta-END)-immunoreactive neurons of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in MSG-treated rats decreased by 60.7%. No significant differences in the baseline pain threshold and the baseline corticosterone (CS) level were observed between the MSG-treated group and the control group. After electrical foot shock for 30 min, the analgesia effect was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in MSG-treated rats, while the CS levels of both MSG-treated rats and control rats were increased remarked (P < 0.01). The results suggest that the beta-END neurons of ARC were involved in analgesia, but not in CS reaction during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Chen
- Department of Physiology, Suzhou Medical College
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24
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Ma XF, Duan-Mu ZX, Yin QZ. [Effects of morphine on muscarinic receptors in limbic system in acute adjuvant-induced arthritic rats]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1993; 14:421-3. [PMID: 8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To induce arthritis, the adjuvant with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis was injected into the ankle joint in rats. Local redness, swelling, hotness, pain, and motor dysfunction of the inflamed joint (as well as mental dullness) were observed 48 h after inoculation. At this time, the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of muscarinic receptors in limbic system was increased, while the dissociation constant (Kd) was unchanged. Injection of morphine (5 mg.kg-1) 3 times within 48 h after the inoculation resulted in a decrease of Bmax and an increase of Kd of M-receptors, together with diminution of pain and disappearance of dullness.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College, China
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25
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Xu GY, Duanmu ZX, Yin QZ. [Calcitonin gene-related peptide and pain modulation]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1993; 24:67-9. [PMID: 8332873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Gong S, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Involvement of vasopressinergic neurons of paraventricular nucleus in the electroacupuncture-induced inhibition of experimental visceral pain in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1992; 44:434-41. [PMID: 1293759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated in animal model of somatic pain that hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) participates in acupuncture analgesia, probably by mediation of vasopressin release. The role of PVN in acupuncture analgesia for experimental visceral pain in rats was further investigated in the present study. Experimental results demonstrated that electroacupuncture could inhibit the writhing response, produced by intraperitoneal injection of antimonium potassium tartrate and this inhibitory effect could be enhanced by electrical stimulation of PVN, but decreased by electrolytical lesion of PVN, intracerebroventricular injection of vasopressin antiserum (14 microliters) or the vasopressin antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-AVP (500 ng/5 microliters). Intraperitoneal administration of the latter drug (10 micrograms/kg), however, was ineffective. The above experimental results suggest that vasopressinergic neurons in PVN also participate in the inhibition of visceral pain by electroacupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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27
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Jiang XH, Yu GD, Yin QZ. [Involvement of solitary tract nucleus in analgesic effect produced by paraventricular nucleus stimulation]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1991; 43:120-7. [PMID: 2068581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic effect of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulation with tail stimulation-vocalization test. The mechanism of this analgesia was analysed with nuclear lesion and microinjection technique. The main results were as follows: (1) Electrical stimulation of the PVN could significantly enhance the pain threshold and increase the content of AVP in brainstem measured by radioimmunoassay. (2) Solitary tract nucleus (STN) lesion could eliminate the analgesic effect induced by PVN stimulation. (3) Intranuclear microinjection of AVP-antagonist and AVP-antiserum into the STN could block the analgesic effect of PVN stimulation. (4) Intranuclear microinjection of AVP into the STN could mimick the analgesic effect similar to that of PVN stimulation. These results suggest that electrical stimulation of the PVN could produce an analgesic effect. This effect might be mediated by the activation of VP-ergic neurons in PVN and upon releasing VP from the descending fibers, the activities of neurons in the STN are influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Jiang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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28
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Yu GD, Cui CD, Zhang HQ, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Effect of locus coeruleus stimulation and electroacupuncture on nociceptive response of spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1990; 42:76-81. [PMID: 2349491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic neuronal system plays an important role in pain modulation and electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia. In the present experiment, the effect of LC stimulation and EA on nociceptive response of spinal dorsal horn neurons was investigated. The main results were: 1) LC stimulation and electroacupuncture produced a significant inhibitory effect on nociceptive response of dorsal horn neurons; 2) The inhibitory effect of LC stimulation was not affected by the lesion of nucleus raphe magnus or by the injection of naloxone; 3) These inhibitory effects of LC stimulation and electroacupuncture could be enhanced by alpha 2-agonist clonidine, and decreased slightly by alpha-antagonist phentolamine. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of LC stimulation and electroacupuncture on the nociceptive response of dorsal horn neurons might be mediated by alpha 2-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College
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29
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Liu HC, Yin QZ, Ye MJ, Zhang CW, Liao J, Peng QX. [A serological survey of Legionnaires' disease in domestic fowls and animals in Chengdu area]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1989; 20:441-4. [PMID: 2630424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A serological survey of antibodies against Legionella pneumophila (Lp) serotypes in Chengdu area by microagglutination test showed that there were high levels of antibodies against serotypes Lp1 and Lp6 in healthy domestic fowls and animals (rabbits, pigs, chickens, ducks and geese). In rabbits, antibodies against serotypes Lp1-Lp6 were determined, showing positive rates (titer greater than or equal to 1:16) ranging 6.3-23.8%. Among them only the serotype Lp3 did not show any positive one. The highest positive rate was observed in pigs' anti-Lp6 (89.8%), significantly higher than those reported in America, Denmark and Nanjing, China. The results suggested that recessive infections of Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium might occur in domestic fowls and animals. So the epidemiological surveillance of Legionnaires' disease in animals, as well as in environment (water and soil) is of importance for the prevention in man.
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30
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Yang JP, Yin QZ, Ye MJ, Zhang CW, Yu QA. [Quantitative study of airborne fungi at three functional sections of Chengdu city]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1989; 20:448-51. [PMID: 2517122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fungi are considered as one of the important causes of allergies throughout the world. The climatic conditions of Chengdu are suitable for the breeding of molds. We conducted monthly a quantitative investigation of the airborne fungi at three functional sections of Chengdu city from January to December, 1987. The results indicated that the concentration of fungal spores in the air was high through the year. The range of the concentrations of the airborne fungi was 870.37-7592.59 spores/m3, with two peaks in April and October. The first six dominant airborne fungi were yeast, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium and Non-sporulating. Of Aspergillus flavus strains detected by fluorescence of agar medium under ultraviolet light 33.49% were aflatoxin-producing. The data show that the climatic and environment factors can affect the spread of airborne fungal spores in the air. The results of previous studies and present surveys are compared and the offence of airborne fungi and the significance of this survey are also discussed in this paper.
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31
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Zhang N, Yin QZ. [Involvement of rat locus coeruleus in the analgesic effect induced by monosodium glutamate injection into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1988; 40:529-38. [PMID: 2977859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Mao JR, Yin QZ. [The spinal catecholaminergic neuron system]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1988; 19:276-8. [PMID: 3074500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Yu GD, Guo SY, Zhang HQ, Yin QZ. [Effect of dorsal raphe nucleus stimulation on nociceptive response of dorsal horn neurons and efferent pathway analysis in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1988; 40:231-9. [PMID: 3187557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Yin QZ, Ye MJ, Xu X, Liu HC, Liu J, Liu XM. [The use of avidin-biotin peroxidase complex-ELISA for the examination of HBsAg]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1988; 19:174-6. [PMID: 3198100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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35
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Mao JR, Yin WP, Yin QZ. Electrical stimulation of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) can change responses to electroacupuncture of neurons of dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and locus coeruleus (LC). J TRADIT CHIN MED 1987; 7:215-20. [PMID: 2965284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Chen XY, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [The dorsal raphe nucleus is involved in the inhibitory effect of hypothalamic arcuate stimulation on pain-evoked unit discharges of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1987; 39:46-53. [PMID: 3603063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Xu GP, Yin QZ. [Effects of deafferentations of the mediobasal hypothalamus and lesions of the medial forebrain bundle on the responses of arcuate nucleus units to noxious stimulation and electroacupuncture]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1986; 38:498-506. [PMID: 3493531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Gu F, Guo SY, Gong S, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Tolerance to repeated hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) stimulation and its cross tolerance to morphine]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1986; 38:91-5. [PMID: 2943021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Chen XY, Duanmu ZX, Jiang XH, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Effect of hypothalamic arcuate stimulation on the pain-evoked unit discharges of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus: a preliminary analysis]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1986; 38:26-32. [PMID: 3016907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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40
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Duanmu ZX, Zhang YJ, Zhang HQ, Yin QZ. [Effect of raphe dorsalis and locus coeruleus stimulation on evoked potential in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1985; 37:517-24. [PMID: 3841984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Yu GD, Chen JS, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Effect of locus coeruleus stimulation on unit discharge of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1985; 37:120-7. [PMID: 3834589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Ye DN, Wang CX, Wu SR, Yin QZ, Dai BM. [Screening and identification of hybridomas--derived monoclonal antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA 10115]. Sichuan Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 16:15-8. [PMID: 3925582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Hu QL, Yin QZ, Wu SR, Dai BM, Lei YD. [Relationship between the number of leptospires in blood, livers and lungs of guinea pigs and the pulmonary diffuse hemorrhage of leptospirosis]. Sichuan Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 16:33-6. [PMID: 4012587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Wang CX, Ye DN, Wu SR, Yin QZ, Dai BM. [Selection of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain 017]. Sichuan Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 16:11-4. [PMID: 4012584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Yu FS, Gong S, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Effect of microinjection of kainic acid into nucleus raphe dorsalis on electro-acupuncture, morphine and stress analgesia]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1983; 4:232-5. [PMID: 6230864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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46
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Di S, Yin WP, Gong S, Yin QZ. [Effects of dexamethasone and a locus coeruleus lesion on morphine analgesia, electro-acupuncture analgesia and stress analgesia]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1983; 4:153-156. [PMID: 6228111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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47
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Guo SY, Yin WP, Yin QZ. [Effects of neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate on morphine-, acupuncture- and stress-analgesia in adult rats]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1983; 4:14-6. [PMID: 6223490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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