1
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Ding W, Weltzien H, Peters C, Klein R. Nausea-induced suppression of feeding is mediated by central amygdala Dlk1-expressing neurons. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113990. [PMID: 38551964 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The motivation to eat is suppressed by satiety and aversive stimuli such as nausea. The neural circuit mechanisms of appetite suppression by nausea are not well understood. Pkcδ neurons in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CeA) suppress feeding in response to satiety signals and nausea. Here, we characterized neurons enriched in the medial subdivision (CeM) of the CeA marked by expression of Dlk1. CeADlk1 neurons are activated by nausea, but not satiety, and specifically suppress feeding induced by nausea. Artificial activation of CeADlk1 neurons suppresses drinking and social interactions, suggesting a broader function in attenuating motivational behavior. CeADlk1 neurons form projections to many brain regions and exert their anorexigenic activity by inhibition of neurons of the parabrachial nucleus. CeADlk1 neurons are inhibited by appetitive CeA neurons, but also receive long-range monosynaptic inputs from multiple brain regions. Our results illustrate a CeA circuit that regulates nausea-induced feeding suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ding
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Helena Weltzien
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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2
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Dehn LB, Suer J, Klein R, Driessen M. [Work and Employment Situation of People with Mental Illness Receiving Independent Supported Housing: An Analysis of Routine Data from a Community Psychiatry Service]. Psychiatr Prax 2023. [PMID: 37989201 DOI: 10.1055/a-2196-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to insufficient empirical data on the occupational participation of people affected by severe mental illness receiving integration assistance, routine data from a community psychiatry service were evaluated. METHODS Reference workers filled out a short questionnaire on different occupational and employment aspects of their clients from supported housing/floating outreach. In addition to descriptive and exploratory analyses, overall results from previous survey rounds were also evaluated. RESULTS N=1418 individuals (M=47.6 years) could be included, of whom approximately 45% had no job, sheltered employment, or daytime service. This percentage has remained almost unchanged over the last decades. CONCLUSION Overall, there is an urgent need for action to improve occupational participation opportunities for people with mental illness and substance addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz B Dehn
- Forschungsabteilung, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, am Universitätsklinikum OWL der Universität Bielefeld/Evang. Klinikum Bethel (EvKB), Bielefeld
- AG 106 Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Fakultät OWL der Universität Bielefeld
| | - Julia Suer
- Forschungsabteilung, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, am Universitätsklinikum OWL der Universität Bielefeld/Evang. Klinikum Bethel (EvKB), Bielefeld
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Referat Unternehmensentwicklung, Bethel.regional, von Bodelschwinghsche Stiftungen Bethel, Bielefeld
- GPV Bielefeld, Gemeindepsychiatrischer Verbund (GPV) Bielefeld
| | - Martin Driessen
- Forschungsabteilung, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, am Universitätsklinikum OWL der Universität Bielefeld/Evang. Klinikum Bethel (EvKB), Bielefeld
- AG 106 Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Fakultät OWL der Universität Bielefeld
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3
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Voelkl K, Gutiérrez-Ángel S, Keeling S, Koyuncu S, da Silva Padilha M, Feigenbutz D, Arzberger T, Vilchez D, Klein R, Dudanova I. Neuroprotective effects of hepatoma-derived growth factor in models of Huntington's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302018. [PMID: 37580082 PMCID: PMC10427761 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a movement disorder caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin gene that leads to severe neurodegeneration. Molecular mechanisms of HD are not sufficiently understood, and no cure is currently available. Here, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in cellular and mouse HD models. We show that HD-vulnerable neurons in the striatum and cortex express lower levels of HDGF than resistant ones. Moreover, lack of endogenous HDGF exacerbated motor impairments and reduced the life span of R6/2 Huntington's disease mice. AAV-mediated delivery of HDGF into the brain reduced mutant Huntingtin inclusion load, but had no significant effect on motor behavior or life span. Interestingly, both nuclear and cytoplasmic versions of HDGF were efficient in rescuing mutant Huntingtin toxicity in cellular HD models. Moreover, extracellular application of recombinant HDGF improved viability of mutant Huntingtin-expressing primary neurons and reduced mutant Huntingtin aggregation in neural progenitor cells differentiated from human patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Our findings provide new insights into the pathomechanisms of HD and demonstrate neuroprotective potential of HDGF in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Voelkl
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sara Gutiérrez-Ángel
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophie Keeling
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel da Silva Padilha
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Feigenbutz
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Kohaut J, Fischer-Mertens J, Cernaianu G, Schulten D, Holtkamp G, Kohl S, Habbig S, Klein R, Kribs A, Gottschalk I, Berg C, Dübbers M. Postnatal surgical treatment and complications following intrauterine vesicoamniotic shunting with the SOMATEX® intrauterine shunt. A single center experience. J Pediatr Urol 2023; 19:567.e1-567.e6. [PMID: 37451915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrauterine vesicoamniotic shunting (VAS) using a Somatex® shunt was shown to significantly affect survival of male fetuses with megacystis in suspected lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) [Figure 1]. Data on postnatal surgical management and complications are largely lacking. OBJECTIVE To describe the postnatal management of patients with prenatal VAS for megacystitis in suspected severe LUTO. STUDY DESIGN All male newborns with previous intrauterine VAS using a Somatex® shunt treated in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the spectrum of urethral pathologies and postnatal surgical management, especially focusing on shunt removal. RESULTS Between 2016 and 2022, 17 patients (all male) were treated postnatally in our institution after VAS for suspected severe LUTO. Five fetuses with dislocated shunts underwent re-implantation in utero. Overall, premature birth before the 38th week of gestation was observed in eight patients (8/17). Seven shunts could be removed without further anesthesia as a bedside procedure. Ten patients required surgical shunt removal under general anesthesia due to migration (59%). Laparoscopic shunt extraction was performed in 8/10 cases. Most frequently, dislocated shunts were located incorporated in the detrusor in eight cases and the removal required a bladder suture in 2/8 patients. In one case, the shunt was removed from the abdominal wall and in one case from the intestine wall [Figure 2]. Posterior urethral valves were found in 8/17 patients, 6/17 patients showed a urethral atresia and one patient had urethral duplication. In two patients, we identified a high grade bilateral vesicoureteral reflux without LUTO. CONCLUSION In our observation, more than half of the newborns with megacystis in suspected LUTO require a shunt removal surgery after early VAS using a Somatex® shunt. Urethral atresia may be found more frequently in these patients. These data should be taken into consideration for prenatal counselling of parents and planning of postnatal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kohaut
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - J Fischer-Mertens
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Cernaianu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Schulten
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Holtkamp
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Kohl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Habbig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Klein
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Kribs
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Gottschalk
- Division of Prenatal Medicine, Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Berg
- Division of Prenatal Medicine, Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Dübbers
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Peters C, He S, Fermani F, Lim H, Ding W, Mayer C, Klein R. Transcriptomics reveals amygdala neuron regulation by fasting and ghrelin thereby promoting feeding. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf6521. [PMID: 37224253 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) consists of numerous genetically defined inhibitory neurons that control defensive and appetitive behaviors including feeding. Transcriptomic signatures of cell types and their links to function remain poorly understood. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we describe nine CeA cell clusters, of which four are mostly associated with appetitive and two with aversive behaviors. To analyze the activation mechanism of appetitive CeA neurons, we characterized serotonin receptor 2a (Htr2a)-expressing neurons (CeAHtr2a) that comprise three appetitive clusters and were previously shown to promote feeding. In vivo calcium imaging revealed that CeAHtr2a neurons are activated by fasting, the hormone ghrelin, and the presence of food. Moreover, these neurons are required for the orexigenic effects of ghrelin. Appetitive CeA neurons responsive to fasting and ghrelin project to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) causing inhibition of target PBN neurons. These results illustrate how the transcriptomic diversification of CeA neurons relates to fasting and hormone-regulated feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peters
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Songwei He
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Federica Fermani
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hansol Lim
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Laboratory of Neurogenomics, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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6
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Klein R, Wilkinson D, Herrera E. Editorial - Friedrich Bonhoeffer (1932-2021). Neuroscience 2023; 508:1-2. [PMID: 36427670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Klein
- Max-Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Eloisa Herrera
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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7
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Chang S, Fermani F, Lao CL, Huang L, Jakovcevski M, Di Giaimo R, Gagliardi M, Menegaz D, Hennrich AA, Ziller M, Eder M, Klein R, Cai N, Deussing JM. Tripartite extended amygdala-basal ganglia CRH circuit drives locomotor activation and avoidance behavior. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo1023. [PMID: 36383658 PMCID: PMC9668302 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An adaptive stress response involves various mediators and circuits orchestrating a complex interplay of physiological, emotional, and behavioral adjustments. We identified a population of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the lateral part of the interstitial nucleus of the anterior commissure (IPACL), a subdivision of the extended amygdala, which exclusively innervate the substantia nigra (SN). Specific stimulation of this circuit elicits hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, locomotor activation, and avoidance behavior contingent on CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) located at axon terminals in the SN, which originate from external globus pallidus (GPe) neurons. The neuronal activity prompting the observed behavior is shaped by IPACLCRH and GPeCRHR1 neurons coalescing in the SN. These results delineate a previously unidentified tripartite CRH circuit functionally connecting extended amygdala and basal ganglia nuclei to drive locomotor activation and avoidance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Federica Fermani
- Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chu-Lan Lao
- Collaborative Research Centre/Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 870, Viral Vector Facility, Munich, Germany
| | - Lianyun Huang
- Translational Genetics, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mira Jakovcevski
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples Italy
| | - Miriam Gagliardi
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Danusa Menegaz
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandru Adrian Hennrich
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute Virology, Medical Faculty, and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ziller
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Na Cai
- Translational Genetics, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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8
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Voelkl K, Schulz-Trieglaff EK, Klein R, Dudanova I. Distinct histological alterations of cortical interneuron types in mouse models of Huntington’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1022251. [PMID: 36225731 PMCID: PMC9549412 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1022251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating hereditary motor disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG triplet repeat in the Huntingtin gene. HD causes neurodegeneration particularly in the basal ganglia and neocortex. In the cortex, glutamatergic pyramidal neurons are known to be severely affected by the disease, but the involvement of GABAergic interneurons remains unclear. Here, we use a combination of immunostaining and genetic tracing to investigate histological changes in three major cortical interneuron types — parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons — in the R6/2 and zQ175DN mouse models of HD. In R6/2 mice, we find a selective reduction in SST and VIP, but not PV-positive cells. However, genetic labeling reveals unchanged cell numbers for all the interneuron types, pointing to molecular marker loss in the absence of cell death. We also observe a reduction in cell body size for all three interneuron populations. Furthermore, we demonstrate progressive accumulation of mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) inclusion bodies in interneurons, which occurs faster in SST and VIP compared to PV cells. In contrast to the R6/2 model, heterozygous zQ175DN knock-in HD mice do not show any significant histological changes in cortical cell types at the age of 12 months, apart from the presence of mHTT inclusions, which are abundant in pyramidal neurons and rare in interneurons. Taken together, our findings point to differential molecular changes in cortical interneuron types of HD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Voelkl
- Department of Molecules–Signaling–Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules–Signaling–Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules–Signaling–Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Irina Dudanova,
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9
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Ruff T, Peters C, Matsumoto A, Ihle SJ, Morales PA, Gaitanos L, Yonehara K, Del Toro D, Klein R. FLRT3 Marks Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells That Project to the Medial Terminal Nucleus. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:790466. [PMID: 34955746 PMCID: PMC8696037 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.790466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina extracts a multitude of diverse features from the visual scene such as color, contrast, and direction of motion. These features are transmitted separately to the brain by more than 40 different retinal ganglion cell (RGC) subtypes. However, so far only a few genetic markers exist to fully characterize the different RGC subtypes. Here, we present a novel genetic Flrt3-CreERT2 knock-in mouse that labels a small subpopulation of RGCs. Using single-cell injection of fluorescent dyes in Flrt3 positive RGCs, we distinguished four morphological RGC subtypes. Anterograde tracings using a fluorescent Cre-dependent Adeno-associated virus (AAV) revealed that a subgroup of Flrt3 positive RGCs specifically project to the medial terminal nucleus (MTN), which is part of the accessory optic system (AOS) and is essential in driving reflex eye movements for retinal image stabilization. Functional characterization using ex vivo patch-clamp recordings showed that the MTN-projecting Flrt3 RGCs preferentially respond to downward motion in an ON-fashion. These neurons distribute in a regular pattern and most of them are bistratified at the level of the ON and OFF bands of cholinergic starburst amacrine cells where they express the known ON-OFF direction-selective RGC marker CART. Together, our results indicate that MTN-projecting Flrt3 RGCs represent a new functionally homogeneous AOS projecting direction-selective RGC subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ruff
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Peters
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephan J Ihle
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Alcalá Morales
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Louise Gaitanos
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Keisuke Yonehara
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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10
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Riera-Tur I, Schäfer T, Hornburg D, Mishra A, da Silva Padilha M, Fernández-Mosquera L, Feigenbutz D, Auer P, Mann M, Baumeister W, Klein R, Meissner F, Raimundo N, Fernández-Busnadiego R, Dudanova I. Amyloid-like aggregating proteins cause lysosomal defects in neurons via gain-of-function toxicity. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101185. [PMID: 34933920 PMCID: PMC8711852 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using cryo-ET, cell biology, and proteomics, this study shows that aggregating proteins impair the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in neurons by sequestering a subunit of the AP-3 adaptor complex. The autophagy-lysosomal pathway is impaired in many neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein aggregation, but the link between aggregation and lysosomal dysfunction remains poorly understood. Here, we combine cryo-electron tomography, proteomics, and cell biology studies to investigate the effects of protein aggregates in primary neurons. We use artificial amyloid-like β-sheet proteins (β proteins) to focus on the gain-of-function aspect of aggregation. These proteins form fibrillar aggregates and cause neurotoxicity. We show that late stages of autophagy are impaired by the aggregates, resulting in lysosomal alterations reminiscent of lysosomal storage disorders. Mechanistically, β proteins interact with and sequester AP-3 μ1, a subunit of the AP-3 adaptor complex involved in protein trafficking to lysosomal organelles. This leads to destabilization of the AP-3 complex, missorting of AP-3 cargo, and lysosomal defects. Restoring AP-3μ1 expression ameliorates neurotoxicity caused by β proteins. Altogether, our results highlight the link between protein aggregation, lysosomal impairments, and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Riera-Tur
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tillman Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Experimental Systems Immunology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miguel da Silva Padilha
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lorena Fernández-Mosquera
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dennis Feigenbutz
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Auer
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany .,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany .,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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11
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Blumenstock S, Schulz-Trieglaff EK, Voelkl K, Bolender AL, Lapios P, Lindner J, Hipp MS, Hartl FU, Klein R, Dudanova I. Fluc-EGFP reporter mice reveal differential alterations of neuronal proteostasis in aging and disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107260. [PMID: 34410010 PMCID: PMC8488555 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular protein quality control machinery is important for preventing protein misfolding and aggregation. Declining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is believed to play a crucial role in age‐related neurodegenerative disorders. However, how neuronal proteostasis capacity changes in different diseases is not yet sufficiently understood, and progress in this area has been hampered by the lack of tools to monitor proteostasis in mammalian models. Here, we have developed reporter mice for in vivo analysis of neuronal proteostasis. The mice express EGFP‐fused firefly luciferase (Fluc‐EGFP), a conformationally unstable protein that requires chaperones for proper folding, and that reacts to proteotoxic stress by formation of intracellular Fluc‐EGFP foci and by reduced luciferase activity. Using these mice, we provide evidence for proteostasis decline in the aging brain. Moreover, we find a marked reaction of the Fluc‐EGFP sensor in a mouse model of tauopathy, but not in mouse models of Huntington’s disease. Mechanistic investigations in primary neuronal cultures demonstrate that different types of protein aggregates have distinct effects on the cellular protein quality control. Thus, Fluc‐EGFP reporter mice enable new insights into proteostasis alterations in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blumenstock
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Voelkl
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Bolender
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paul Lapios
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jana Lindner
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
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12
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Bishay RH, Meyerowitz-Katz G, Hng TM, Colaco CMG, Khanna S, Klein R, Sanjeev D, McLean M, Ahlenstiel G, Maberly GF. A retrospective case-control cohort analysis of comorbidity and health expenditure in hospitalized adults diagnosed with obesity utilizing ICD-10 diagnostic coding. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12469. [PMID: 34053198 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cost and comorbidity of obesity in hospitalized inpatients, is less known. A retrospective study of patients presenting to a large district hospital in Western Sydney (April 2016-February 2017) using clinical, pathological as well as diagnostic coding data for obesity as per ICD-10. Of 43 212 consecutive hospital presentations, 390 had an obesity-coded diagnosis (Ob, 0.90%), of which 244 were gender and age-matched to a non-obesity coded cohort (NOb). Weight and BMI were higher in the Ob vs NOb group (126 ± 37 vs 82 ± 25 kg; BMI 46 ± 12 vs 29 ± 8 kg/m2 , P < .001) with a medical record documentation rate of 62% for obesity among Ob. The Ob cohort had 2-5× higher rates of cardiopulmonary and metabolic complications (P < .001), greater pharmacologic burden, length of stay (LOS, 225 vs 89 hours, P < .001) and stay in intensive care but no differences in the prevalence of mental disorders. Compared with BMI <35 kg/m2 , inpatients with BMI >35 kg/m2 were 5× more likely to require intensive care (OR 5.08 [1.43-27.3, 95% CI], P = .0047). The initiation of obesity-specific interventions by clinical teams was very low. People with obesity who are admitted to hospital carry significant cost and complications, yet obesity is seldom recognized as a clinical entity or contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy H Bishay
- Metabolic and Weight Loss Program, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Western Sydney Diabetes, Integrated and Community Health Directorate, Blacktown Hospital Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Meyerowitz-Katz
- Western Sydney Diabetes, Integrated and Community Health Directorate, Blacktown Hospital Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T M Hng
- Metabolic and Weight Loss Program, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C M G Colaco
- Department of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Khanna
- Department of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Klein
- Department of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Sanjeev
- Metabolic and Weight Loss Program, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M McLean
- Metabolic and Weight Loss Program, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Western Sydney Diabetes, Integrated and Community Health Directorate, Blacktown Hospital Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Ahlenstiel
- Metabolic and Weight Loss Program, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G F Maberly
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Western Sydney Diabetes, Integrated and Community Health Directorate, Blacktown Hospital Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Fleitas C, Marfull-Oromí P, Chauhan D, Del Toro D, Peguera B, Zammou B, Rocandio D, Klein R, Espinet C, Egea J. FLRT2 and FLRT3 Cooperate in Maintaining the Tangential Migratory Streams of Cortical Interneurons during Development. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7350-7362. [PMID: 34301831 PMCID: PMC8412983 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0380-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron migration is a hallmark of nervous system development that allows gathering of neurons from different origins for assembling of functional neuronal circuits. Cortical inhibitory interneurons arise in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially forming three transient migratory streams in the cortex before reaching the final laminar destination. Although migration defects lead to the disruption of inhibitory circuits and are linked to aspects of psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, the molecular mechanisms controlling cortical interneuron development and final layer positioning are incompletely understood. Here, we show that mouse embryos with a double deletion of FLRT2 and FLRT3 genes encoding cell adhesion molecules exhibit an abnormal distribution of interneurons within the streams during development, which in turn, affect the layering of somatostatin+ interneurons postnatally. Mechanistically, FLRT2 and FLRT3 proteins act in a noncell-autonomous manner, possibly through a repulsive mechanism. In support of such a conclusion, double knockouts deficient in the repulsive receptors for FLRTs, Unc5B and Unc5D, also display interneuron defects during development, similar to the FLRT2/FLRT3 mutants. Moreover, FLRT proteins are chemorepellent ligands for developing interneurons in vitro, an effect that is in part dependent on FLRT-Unc5 interaction. Together, we propose that FLRTs act through Unc5 receptors to control cortical interneuron distribution in a mechanism that involves cell repulsion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Disruption of inhibitory cortical circuits is responsible for some aspects of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or autism. These defects include interneuron migration during development. A crucial step during this process is the formation of three transient migratory streams within the developing cortex that determine the timing of interneuron final positioning and the formation of functional cortical circuits in the adult. We report that FLRT proteins are required for the proper distribution of interneurons within the cortical migratory streams and for the final laminar allocation in the postnatal cortex. These results expand the multifunctional role of FLRTs during nervous system development in addition to the role of FLRTs in axon guidance and the migration of excitatory cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fleitas
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Pau Marfull-Oromí
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Disha Chauhan
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Blanca Peguera
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bahira Zammou
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Daniel Rocandio
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carme Espinet
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Serra Hunter Associate Professor, Government of Catalonia, 08007, Spain
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14
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Haimson B, Meir O, Sudakevitz-Merzbach R, Elberg G, Friedrich S, Lovell PV, Paixão S, Klein R, Mello CV, Klar A. Natural loss of function of ephrin-B3 shapes spinal flight circuitry in birds. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/24/eabg5968. [PMID: 34117069 PMCID: PMC8195482 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flight in birds evolved through patterning of the wings from forelimbs and transition from alternating gait to synchronous flapping. In mammals, the spinal midline guidance molecule ephrin-B3 instructs the wiring that enables limb alternation, and its deletion leads to synchronous hopping gait. Here, we show that the ephrin-B3 protein in birds lacks several motifs present in other vertebrates, diminishing its affinity for the EphA4 receptor. The avian ephrin-B3 gene lacks an enhancer that drives midline expression and is missing in galliforms. The morphology and wiring at brachial levels of the chicken embryonic spinal cord resemble those of ephrin-B3 null mice. Dorsal midline decussation, evident in the mutant mouse, is apparent at the chick brachial level and is prevented by expression of exogenous ephrin-B3 at the roof plate. Our findings support a role for loss of ephrin-B3 function in shaping the avian brachial spinal cord circuitry and facilitating synchronous wing flapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Haimson
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Oren Meir
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Reut Sudakevitz-Merzbach
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gerard Elberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Samantha Friedrich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter V Lovell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sónia Paixão
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claudio V Mello
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Avihu Klar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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15
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Klein R, Pasterkamp RJ. Recent advances in inter-cellular interactions during neural circuit assembly. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:25-32. [PMID: 33383489 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuit assembly is regulated by inter-cellular interactions involving secreted and surface-tethered guidance molecules. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of their mechanisms-of-action and biological effects. We discuss mechanisms through which the secreted cue Netrin-1 regulates neuron migration and highlight novel roles for axon-derived secreted guidance cues. We cover recent structural work at atomic resolution that provides new insights into the activation mechanisms of axon guidance receptors and into protein complexes containing cell adhesion molecules, such as Teneurin (Ten), Latrophilin (Lphn) and FLRT. Ten-Ten homophilic, Ten-Lphn heterophilic, and Ten-Lphn-FLRT tripartite complexes seem to elicit distinct context-dependent cellular responses. Seemingly opposite responses can also be triggered by the Eph/ephrin signaling system. Here, recent work provides a simple mechanism for the decision of forming a new synapse versus rejection of the pre-synaptic partner. These studies identify novel regulatory mechanisms and biological functions that will apply generally in developing neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Klein
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ronald Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Abstract
We consider the theoretical model of Bergmann and Lebowitz for open systems out of equilibrium and translate its principles in the adaptive resolution simulation molecular dynamics technique. We simulate Lennard-Jones fluids with open boundaries in a thermal gradient and find excellent agreement of the stationary responses with the results obtained from the simulation of a larger locally forced closed system. The encouraging results pave the way for a computational treatment of open systems far from equilibrium framed in a well-established theoretical model that avoids possible numerical artifacts and physical misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ebrahimi Viand
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Höfling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Klein
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Delle Site
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Einhaus J, Pecher AC, Asteriti E, Schmid H, Secker KA, Duerr-Stoerzer S, Keppeler H, Klein R, Schneidawind C, Henes J, Schneidawind D. AB0029 INHIBITION OF EFFECTOR B CELLS BY IBRUTINIB IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective treatment is still missing, and clinical control of the disease remains challenging. In particular, the development of pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension are severe complications responsible for excessive mortality. Currently available treatment strategies – besides aggressive autologous stem cell transplantation which is an option only for selected patients – only alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression. Previous attempts of immunomodulating therapies addressing B cell pathology like rituximab and tocilizumab in SSc showed mixed efficacy1,2Objectives:Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor used in B cell malignancies, to alter B cell pathology in SSc in anin vitromodel of autoimmunity.Methods:PBMCs and sorted B cells of 24 patients with SSc were used for functional testing after stimulation with hypomethylated DNA fragments (CpG) to induce an innate immune response. The effects of ibrutinib on cytokine production, autoantibody release and activation of the transcription factor NFκB were evaluated via multiplex cytokine assay, ELISA and flow cytometry.Results:Ibrutinib was able to reduce the production of the profibrotic hallmark cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which are mainly released by the effector B cell population, in response to TLR9-stimulation. Importantly, small doses of ibrutinib (0.1 µM) preserved the production of immunoregulatory IL-10 and IFN-γ while effectively inhibiting the cardinal cytokines of hyperactivated profibrotic effector B cells in SSc. Intracellular cytokine staining of IL-6 in B cell subsets further endorsed the potential of ibrutinib to inhibit B cells in a subset-specific manner, reducing IL-6+naïve B cells significantly but not IL-6+memory B cells. The subset specificity was abolished when high doses of ibrutinib (10 µM) were applied. In a flow cytometry analysis of phosphorylated NFκB, an important transcription factor in the induction of innate immune responses in B cells, significantly less activation was observed with ibrutinib treatment (0.1 µM). Higher doses of ibrutinib were unable to further reduce the abundance of pNFκB.Conclusion:Our data could pave the avenue for a clinical application of ibrutinib for patients with SSc as a novel treatment option for the underlying pathogenetic immune imbalance contributing to disease onset and progression.References:[1]Khanna, D.et al.Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis: Results from a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018; 70 (suppl 10).[2]Jordan, S.et al.Effects and safety of rituximab in systemic sclerosis: an analysis from the European Scleroderma Trial and Research (EUSTAR) group.Ann. Rheum. Dis.74, 1188–1194 (2015).Disclosure of Interests:Jakob Einhaus: None declared, Ann-Christin Pecher: None declared, Elisa Asteriti: None declared, Hannes Schmid: None declared, Kathy-Ann Secker: None declared, Silke Duerr-Stoerzer: None declared, Hildegard Keppeler: None declared, Reinhild Klein: None declared, Corina Schneidawind: None declared, Jörg Henes Grant/research support from: Novartis, Roche-Chugai, Consultant of: Novartis, Roche, Celgene, Pfizer, Abbvie, Sanofi, Boehringer-Ingelheim,, Dominik Schneidawind: None declared
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19
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Funk T, Fuchs AR, Altdörfer VS, Klein R, Autenrieth SE, Müller MR, Salih HR, Henes J, Grünebach F, Dörfel D. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells display a highly activated phenotype and altered function in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:1-11. [PMID: 32278322 PMCID: PMC7290084 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the immune system that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. By capturing antigens in peripheral tissue, processing and presenting them with concurrent expression of co‐stimulatory molecules and cytokine secretion they control and modulate immune reactions. Through pattern recognition receptors, DCs sense molecules that are associated with infection or tissue damage, frequently resulting in the formation of inflammasomes upon intracellular stimulation. The inherited autoinflammatory familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is associated with deregulated activity of the pyrin inflammasome leading to acute inflammatory episodes. However, differentiation and function of DCs in this disease are as yet unclear. Therefore, we first determined DC subpopulation frequency in peripheral blood of a cohort of FMF patients. Joint evaluation without classification according to specific patient characteristics, such as mutational status, did not disclose significant differences compared to healthy controls. For the further examination of phenotype and function, we used immature and mature monocyte‐derived DCs (imMo‐DCs, mMo‐DCs) that were generated in vitro from FMF patients. Immunophenotypical analysis of imMo‐DCs revealed a significantly elevated expression of CD83, CD86 and human leukocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR) as well as a significant down‐regulation of CD206, CD209 and glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) in our FMF patient group. Furthermore, FMF imMo‐DCs presented a significantly higher capacity to migrate and to stimulate the proliferation of unmatched allogeneic T cells. Finally, the transition towards a more mature, and therefore activated, phenotype was additionally reinforced by the fact that peripheral blood DC populations in FMF patients exhibited significantly increased expression of the co‐stimulatory molecule CD86.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Funk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A R Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - V S Altdörfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S E Autenrieth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M R Müller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H R Salih
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,2Clinical Collaboration Unit (CCU) Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Henes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Grünebach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Dörfel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,2Clinical Collaboration Unit (CCU) Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Langlois T, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Klein R, Lamy P, Callahan S, Lecomte T. [Acceptance of "voices" in people with or without psychiatric disorders: Francophone validation of the 9-item VAAS scale]. Encephale 2020; 46:443-449. [PMID: 32192750 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hearing voices is a common experience for people with schizophrenia. Perceived voices are in most cases a source of great distress for patients. This experience also exists in the general population and is considered as "non-clinical". Much research has focused on the psychological and neuropsychological mechanisms behind the emergence of voices. With regard to voice persistence factors, the acceptance of the voice-hearing phenomenon is still relatively unexplored. In addition, there are few standardized tools that specifically assess this dimension of voice experience. The Voices Acceptance and Actions Scale (VAAS) is the only validated tool to address voice acceptance in individuals with schizophrenia. However, to date, there is no French version. The objective of this research was to validate the VAAS in a French speaking population. METHOD Our sample consisted of individuals with schizophrenia (N=65) and voice hearers from the general population (N=321). For the clinical population, individuals with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations were assessed using the VAAS scale in its two abbreviated versions (9 and 12 items). In order to validate the measure in French, we administered psychopathology scales (BPRS) and voice belief scales (BAVQ-R) for convergent and divergent validity. For the non-clinical population, we administered the VAAS scale online (via LimeSurvey), accompanied by a brief sociodemographic questionnaire (age, sex, country of origin, existence of medical or psychological follow-up). RESULTS The psychometric properties of the VAAS scale were satisfactory and similar to the original English-language tool for both versions, with a slight advantage for the one with 9-items. The convergent validity measured with the BAVQ-R scale, and the divergent one measured with the BPRS depression subscale, were found to be satisfactory. In addition, the re-test performed 6 weeks after the first test (N=30) was satisfactory for both scales, with a Pearson correlation index greater than 70 (r=0.70; P<0.001 for the VAAS 9 items) and (r=0.79; P<0.001 for the 12 item version). In individuals with schizophrenia (clinical population), the level of voice acceptance was low and strongly correlated with depression. This point seems to corroborate the current data in the field suggesting that voice hearing in this population is associated with significant distress and has a significant impact on their lives. Conversely, the level of acceptance obtained from the non-clinical population was much higher, reflecting a higher level of acceptance in this population. People from the non-clinical population seemed to accept and experience their voices with less distress than people from the clinical population in this study. CONCLUSION To date, a paucity of studies have investigated the acceptance of auditory hallucinations. Our results support the psychometric validity of the French version of the VAAS, particularly the 9-item version. Furthermore, our study supports the need to continue studying voice acceptance, as it appears to be strongly linked to depression in people with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In addition, our study is novel in that it also explored, with a standardized tool, the level of voice acceptance in a non-clinical population and found people to be more accepting of the voices they hear and better at living with them. These data provide new evidence to better understand the links between the level of acceptance of voices, their experiences, and depression. Clinically, it seems essential to conduct more systematic and regular evaluations of the level of voice acceptance in those hearing voices. Finally, in terms of rehabilitation, voice acceptance can become a therapeutic target in order to improve the psychological and behavioral functioning of the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Langlois
- Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie et psychopathologie de la Santé, université de Toulouse, UT2J, Toulouse, France.
| | - R Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie et psychopathologie de la Santé, université de Toulouse, UT2J, Toulouse, France
| | - R Klein
- Union sanitaire et sociale Aude Pyrénées (USSAP), Limoux, France
| | - P Lamy
- Centre médical la Villanelle, Cornebarrieu, France
| | - S Callahan
- Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie et psychopathologie de la Santé, université de Toulouse, UT2J, Toulouse, France
| | - T Lecomte
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Del Toro D, Carrasquero-Ordaz MA, Chu A, Ruff T, Shahin M, Jackson VA, Chavent M, Berbeira-Santana M, Seyit-Bremer G, Brignani S, Kaufmann R, Lowe E, Klein R, Seiradake E. Structural Basis of Teneurin-Latrophilin Interaction in Repulsive Guidance of Migrating Neurons. Cell 2020; 180:323-339.e19. [PMID: 31928845 PMCID: PMC6978801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Teneurins are ancient metazoan cell adhesion receptors that control brain development and neuronal wiring in higher animals. The extracellular C terminus binds the adhesion GPCR Latrophilin, forming a trans-cellular complex with synaptogenic functions. However, Teneurins, Latrophilins, and FLRT proteins are also expressed during murine cortical cell migration at earlier developmental stages. Here, we present crystal structures of Teneurin-Latrophilin complexes that reveal how the lectin and olfactomedin domains of Latrophilin bind across a spiraling beta-barrel domain of Teneurin, the YD shell. We couple structure-based protein engineering to biophysical analysis, cell migration assays, and in utero electroporation experiments to probe the importance of the interaction in cortical neuron migration. We show that binding of Latrophilins to Teneurins and FLRTs directs the migration of neurons using a contact repulsion-dependent mechanism. The effect is observed with cell bodies and small neurites rather than their processes. The results exemplify how a structure-encoded synaptogenic protein complex is also used for repulsive cell guidance. Crystal structures reveal binding site for Latrophilin on the Teneurin YD shell A ternary Latrophilin-Teneurin-FLRT complex forms in vitro and in vivo Latrophilin controls cortical migration by binding to Teneurins and FLRTs Latrophilin elicits repulsion of cortical cell bodies/small neurites but not axons
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Del Toro
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amy Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Tobias Ruff
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Meriam Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Verity A Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | | | - Goenuel Seyit-Bremer
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Sara Brignani
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Rainer Kaufmann
- Center for Structural Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Edward Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany.
| | - Elena Seiradake
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Di Rubbo A, McNabb L, Klein R, White JR, Colling A, Dimitrov DS, Broder CC, Middleton D, Lunt RA. Optimization and diagnostic evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA formats for detection of neutralizing antibodies to Hendra virus in mammalian sera. J Virol Methods 2019; 274:113731. [PMID: 31513861 PMCID: PMC8782155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of Hendra virus (HeV) in pteropid bat populations has been associated with spillover events in horses, humans and dogs. Experimental studies have demonstrated infections for several other species including guinea pigs, cats and ferrets. The criteria of a sensitive and specific serological test that is effective for a range of species, but which does not require use of live virus, has not been satisfactorily addressed by currently available tests. We have evaluated the use of two HeV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a blocking format enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) to detect serum antibody against a recombinant expressed HeV G protein (sol G) in several animal species. The human mAb m102.4 neutralises both HeV and the closely related Nipah virus (NiV); the mouse mAb 1.2 neutralises only HeV. Given these functional differences, we have investigated both antibodies using a bELISA format. Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) were optimized using individual thresholds for mAb 1.2 and m102.4. For mAb 1.2 the positive threshold of >33% inhibition yielded DSe and DSp values of 100% (95% CI 95.3-100.0) and 99.5 (95% CI 98.8-99.8) respectively; for mAb m102.4 a positive threshold of >49% inhibition gave DSe and DSp values of 100 (95% CI 95.3-100.0) and 99.8 (95% CI 99.2-100.0) respectively. At these thresholds the DSe was 100% for both tests relative to the virus neutralization test. Importantly, the occurrence of false positive reactions did not overlap across the assays. Therefore, by sequential and selective application of these assays, it is possible to identify false positive reactions and achieve a DSp that approximates 100% in the test population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Rubbo
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - L McNabb
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R Klein
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J R White
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A Colling
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - D S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - C C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - D Middleton
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R A Lunt
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Selvan ME, Klein R, Gumus Z. P1.11-16 Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Risk Is Associated with Rare, Pathogenic Germline Variants in BRCA2 and Fanconi Anemia Genes. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Gong J, Gaitanos TN, Luu O, Huang Y, Gaitanos L, Lindner J, Winklbauer R, Klein R. Gulp1 controls Eph/ephrin trogocytosis and is important for cell rearrangements during development. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3455-3471. [PMID: 31409653 PMCID: PMC6781437 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trogocytosis, intercellular cannibalism distinct from phagocytosis, occurs when cells rearrange during development. Here, Gong et al. reveal that trogocytosis induced by ephrins and Eph receptors involves phagocytic adaptor protein Gulp1, Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam2, and endocytic GTPase dynamin. These results suggest that ephrin/Eph-induced trogocytosis uses phagocytosis-like mechanisms. Trogocytosis, in which cells nibble away parts of neighboring cells, is an intercellular cannibalism process conserved from protozoa to mammals. Its underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood and are likely distinct from phagocytosis, a process that clears entire cells. Bi-directional contact repulsion induced by Eph/ephrin signaling involves transfer of membrane patches and full-length Eph/ephrin protein complexes between opposing cells, resembling trogocytosis. Here, we show that the phagocytic adaptor protein Gulp1 regulates EphB/ephrinB trogocytosis to achieve efficient cell rearrangements of cultured cells and during embryonic development. Gulp1 mediates trogocytosis bi-directionally by dynamic engagement with EphB/ephrinB protein clusters in cooperation with the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam2. Ultimately, Gulp1’s presence at the Eph/ephrin cluster is a prerequisite for recruiting the endocytic GTPase dynamin. These results suggest that EphB/ephrinB trogocytosis, unlike other trogocytosis events, uses a phagocytosis-like mechanism to achieve efficient membrane scission and engulfment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Gong
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas N Gaitanos
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Olivia Luu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yunyun Huang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Louise Gaitanos
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jana Lindner
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Molecules-Signaling-Development, Munich-Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Hunter CRRN, Presotto L, Klein R, Pelletier-Galarneau M, Ruddy TR, Dekemp R. P303Maximum likelihood reconstruction of activity and attenuation (MLAA) for CO2 stress in Rb-82 PET/CT respiratory gated imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez148.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CRRN Hunter
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - R Klein
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Pelletier-Galarneau
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - T R Ruddy
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Dekemp
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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26
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Burgold J, Schulz-Trieglaff EK, Voelkl K, Gutiérrez-Ángel S, Bader JM, Hosp F, Mann M, Arzberger T, Klein R, Liebscher S, Dudanova I. Cortical circuit alterations precede motor impairments in Huntington's disease mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6634. [PMID: 31036840 PMCID: PMC6488584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating hereditary movement disorder, characterized by degeneration of neurons in the striatum and cortex. Studies in human patients and mouse HD models suggest that disturbances of neuronal function in the neocortex play an important role in disease onset and progression. However, the precise nature and time course of cortical alterations in HD have remained elusive. Here, we use chronic in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to longitudinally monitor the activity of identified single neurons in layer 2/3 of the primary motor cortex in awake, behaving R6/2 transgenic HD mice and wildtype littermates. R6/2 mice show age-dependent changes in cortical network function, with an increase in activity that affects a large fraction of cells and occurs rather abruptly within one week, preceeding the onset of motor defects. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics demonstrate a pronounced downregulation of synaptic proteins in the cortex, and histological analyses in R6/2 mice and human HD autopsy cases reveal a reduction in perisomatic inhibitory synaptic contacts on layer 2/3 pyramidal cells. Taken together, our study provides a time-resolved description of cortical network dysfunction in behaving HD mice and points to disturbed excitation/inhibition balance as an important pathomechanism in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Burgold
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Voelkl
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sara Gutiérrez-Ángel
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabian Hosp
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
- Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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27
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da Silva MS, Silveira S, Caron VS, Mósena ACS, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Medeiros AAR, Silva GS, Corbellini LG, Klein R, Kreutz LC, Frandoloso R, Canal CW. Backyard pigs are a reservoir of zoonotic hepatitis E virus in southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:14-21. [PMID: 29554365 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. There is no seroprevalence study in backyard farms, which are characterized by suboptimal hygienic conditions in Brazil. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of HEV in backyard pigs in Brazil. Methods Swine serum samples collected in 2012 (n=731) and 2014 (n=713) were analysed. The presence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G in pig serum was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed and phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the partial ORF1 and ORF2 coding regions. Results Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 77.6% (567/731; 95% confidence interval [CI] 74.5 to 90.6%) of serum samples in 2012 and 65.5% (467/713; 95% CI 62.0 to 69.0%) in 2014. The herd seroprevalence was 91.7% (187/204; 95% CI 91% to 99%) in 2012 and 83.7% (164/196; 95% CI 78% to 89%) in 2014. Further, HEV RNA was detected in 0.8% (6/713) of samples from 2014. Phylogenetic analysis showed three different genotype 3 subtypes with high similarity to human HEV strains. Conclusions This study showed that backyard pigs are a reservoir of HEV and alerts us to the need to control infection and spillover from backyard farms. GenBank accession numbers MF438128-MF438135.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - V S Caron
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A A R Medeiros
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G S Silva
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Klein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L C Kreutz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Frandoloso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Lefèvre S, Klein R, De Blay F, Mertes PM. Evaluating the management of anaphylaxis in emergency departments: a survey in two French regions. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 51:88-90. [PMID: 30832469 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lefèvre
- Regional Institute for Allergic and Environmental Diseases, Metz Regional Hospital, Metz, France
| | - R Klein
- University of Strasbourg, France
| | - F De Blay
- Chest Diseases Department, Strasbourg University Hospital; University of Strasbourg, France
| | - P M Mertes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Strasbourg University Hospital; University of Strasbourg, France
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Shadrack Jabes B, Krekeler C, Klein R, Delle Site L. Probing spatial locality in ionic liquids with the grand canonical adaptive resolution molecular dynamics technique. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193804. [PMID: 30307223 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ the Grand Canonical Adaptive Resolution Simulation (GC-AdResS) molecular dynamics technique to test the spatial locality of the 1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride liquid. In GC-AdResS, atomistic details are kept only in an open sub-region of the system while the environment is treated at coarse-grained level; thus, if spatial quantities calculated in such a sub-region agree with the equivalent quantities calculated in a full atomistic simulation, then the atomistic degrees of freedom outside the sub-region play a negligible role. The size of the sub-region fixes the degree of spatial locality of a certain quantity. We show that even for sub-regions whose radius corresponds to the size of a few molecules, spatial properties are reasonably reproduced thus suggesting a higher degree of spatial locality, a hypothesis put forward also by other researchers and that seems to play an important role for the characterization of fundamental properties of a large class of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shadrack Jabes
- Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universitat Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Krekeler
- Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universitat Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Klein
- Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universitat Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Delle Site
- Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universitat Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Sathananthan J, Webb J, Lauck S, Cairns J, Murdoch D, Cook R, Humphries K, Park J, Zhao Y, Welsh R, Leipsic J, Genereux P, Tyrrell B, Alqoofi F, Velianou J, Natarajan M, Wijeysundera H, Radhakrishnan S, Horlick E, Osten M, Asgar A, Kodali S, Nazif T, Thourani V, Babaliaros V, Cohen D, Masson J, Klein R, Rondi K, Umedaly H, Leon M, Wood D. IMPACT OF LEVEL OF ANAESTHESIA USING THE VANCOUVER CLINICAL PATHWAY FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE 3M TAVR STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hosp F, Gutiérrez-Ángel S, Schaefer MH, Cox J, Meissner F, Hipp MS, Hartl FU, Klein R, Dudanova I, Mann M. Spatiotemporal Proteomic Profiling of Huntington's Disease Inclusions Reveals Widespread Loss of Protein Function. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2291-2303. [PMID: 29166617 PMCID: PMC5714591 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 (HttEx1) in Huntington’s disease (HD) proceeds from soluble oligomers to late-stage inclusions. The nature of the aggregates and how they lead to neuronal dysfunction is not well understood. We employed mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics to dissect spatiotemporal mechanisms of neurodegeneration using the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Extensive remodeling of the soluble brain proteome correlated with insoluble aggregate formation during disease progression. In-depth and quantitative characterization of the aggregates uncovered an unprecedented complexity of several hundred proteins. Sequestration to aggregates depended on protein expression levels and sequence features such as low-complexity regions or coiled-coil domains. In a cell-based HD model, overexpression of a subset of the sequestered proteins in most cases rescued viability and reduced aggregate size. Our spatiotemporally resolved proteome resource of HD progression indicates that widespread loss of cellular protein function contributes to aggregate-mediated toxicity. Spatiotemporally resolved brain proteome of wild-type and HD mice Quantitative characterization of huntingtin inclusion bodies in vivo Sequestration correlates with protein expression levels and specific sequence features Resupplying sequestered proteins ameliorates HTT-induced toxicity and inclusion size
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hosp
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sara Gutiérrez-Ángel
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin H Schaefer
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Cox
- Computational Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - F-Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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32
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Middleton DJ, Riddell S, Klein R, Arkinstall R, Haining J, Frazer L, Mottley C, Evans R, Johnson D, Pallister J. Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission. Aust Vet J 2018; 95:10-18. [PMID: 28124415 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterisation of experimental Hendra virus (HeV) infection in dogs and assessment of associated transmission risk. METHODS Beagle dogs were exposed oronasally to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands or to blood collected from HeV-infected ferrets. Ferrets were exposed to oral fluids collected from dogs after canine exposure to HeV. Observations made and samples tested post-exposure were used to assess the clinical course and replication sites of HeV in dogs, the infectivity for ferrets of canine oral fluids and features of HeV infection in dogs following contact with infective blood. RESULTS Dogs were reliably infected with HeV and were generally asymptomatic. HeV was re-isolated from the oral cavity and virus clearance was associated with development of virus neutralising antibody. Major sites of HeV replication in dogs were the tonsils, lower respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes. Virus replication was documented in canine kidney and spleen, confirming a viraemic phase for canine HeV infection and suggesting that urine may be a source of infectious virus. Infection was transmitted to ferrets via canine oral secretions, with copy numbers for the HeV N gene in canine oral swabs comparable to those reported for nasal swabs of experimentally infected horses. CONCLUSION HeV is not highly pathogenic for dogs, but their oral secretions pose a potential transmission risk to people. The time-window for transmission risk is circumscribed and corresponds to the period of acute infection before establishment of an adaptive immune response. The likelihood of central nervous system involvement in canine HeV infection is unclear, as is any long-term consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Middleton
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - S Riddell
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - R Klein
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - R Arkinstall
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - J Haining
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - L Frazer
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - C Mottley
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - R Evans
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - D Johnson
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - J Pallister
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, PB24 Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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33
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Tang WW, McGee P, Lachin JM, Li DY, Hoogwerf B, Hazen SL, Nathan D, Zinman B, Crofford O, Genuth S, Brown‐Friday J, Crandall J, Engel H, Engel S, Martinez H, Phillips M, Reid M, Shamoon H, Sheindlin J, Gubitosi‐Klug R, Mayer L, Pendegast S, Zegarra H, Miller D, Singerman L, Smith‐Brewer S, Novak M, Quin J, Genuth S, Palmert M, Brown E, McConnell J, Pugsley P, Crawford P, Dahms W, Gregory N, Lackaye M, Kiss S, Chan R, Orlin A, Rubin M, Brillon D, Reppucci V, Lee T, Heinemann M, Chang S, Levy B, Jovanovic L, Richardson M, Bosco B, Dwoskin A, Hanna R, Barron S, Campbell R, Bhan A, Kruger D, Jones J, Edwards P, Bhan A, Carey J, Angus E, Thomas A, Galprin A, McLellan M, Whitehouse F, Bergenstal R, Johnson M, Gunyou K, Thomas L, Laechelt J, Hollander P, Spencer M, Kendall D, Cuddihy R, Callahan P, List S, Gott J, Rude N, Olson B, Franz M, Castle G, Birk R, Nelson J, Freking D, Gill L, Mestrezat W, Etzwiler D, Morgan K, Aiello L, Golden E, Arrigg P, Asuquo V, Beaser R, Bestourous L, Cavallerano J, Cavicchi R, Ganda O, Hamdy O, Kirby R, Murtha T, Schlossman D, Shah S, Sharuk G, Silva P, Silver P, Stockman M, Sun J, Weimann E, Wolpert H, Aiello L, Jacobson A, Rand L, Rosenzwieg J, Nathan D, Larkin M, Christofi M, Folino K, Godine J, Lou P, Stevens C, Anderson E, Bode H, Brink S, Cornish C, Cros D, Delahanty L, eManbey ., Haggan C, Lynch J, McKitrick C, Norman D, Moore D, Ong M, Taylor C, Zimbler D, Crowell S, Fritz S, Hansen K, Gauthier‐Kelly C, Service F, Ziegler G, Barkmeier A, Schmidt L, French B, Woodwick R, Rizza R, Schwenk W, Haymond M, Pach J, Mortenson J, Zimmerman B, Lucas A, Colligan R, Luttrell L, Lopes‐Virella M, Caulder S, Pittman C, Patel N, Lee K, Nutaitis M, Fernandes J, Hermayer K, Kwon S, Blevins A, Parker J, Colwell J, Lee D, Soule J, Lindsey P, Bracey M, Farr A, Elsing S, Thompson T, Selby J, Lyons T, Yacoub‐Wasef S, Szpiech M, Wood D, Mayfield R, Molitch M, Adelman D, Colson S, Jampol L, Lyon A, Gill M, Strugula Z, Kaminski L, Mirza R, Simjanoski E, Ryan D, Johnson C, Wallia A, Ajroud‐Driss S, Astelford P, Leloudes N, Degillio A, Schaefer B, Mudaliar S, Lorenzi G, Goldbaum M, Jones K, Prince M, Swenson M, Grant I, Reed R, Lyon R, Kolterman O, Giotta M, Clark T, Friedenberg G, Sivitz W, Vittetoe B, Kramer J, Bayless M, Zeitler R, Schrott H, Olson N, Snetselaar L, Hoffman R, MacIndoe J, Weingeist T, Fountain C, Miller R, Johnsonbaugh S, Patronas M, Carney M, Mendley S, Salemi P, Liss R, Hebdon M, Counts D, Donner T, Gordon J, Hemady R, Kowarski A, Ostrowski D, Steidl S, Jones B, Herman W, Martin C, Pop‐Busui R, Greene D, Stevens M, Burkhart N, Sandford T, Floyd J, Bantle J, Flaherty N, Terry J, Koozekanani D, Montezuma S, Wimmergren N, Rogness B, Mech M, Strand T, Olson J, McKenzie L, Kwong C, Goetz F, Warhol R, Hainsworth D, Goldstein D, Hitt S, Giangiacomo J, Schade D, Canady J, Burge M, Das A, Avery R, Ketai L, Chapin J, Schluter M, Rich J, Johannes C, Hornbeck D, Schutta M, Bourne P, Brucker A, Braunstein S, Schwartz S, Maschak‐Carey B, Baker L, Orchard T, Cimino L, Songer T, Doft B, Olson S, Becker D, Rubinstein D, Bergren R, Fruit J, Hyre R, Palmer C, Silvers N, Lobes L, Rath PP, Conrad P, Yalamanchi S, Wesche J, Bratkowksi M, Arslanian S, Rinkoff J, Warnicki J, Curtin D, Steinberg D, Vagstad G, Harris R, Steranchak L, Arch J, Kelly K, Ostrosaka P, Guiliani M, Good M, Williams T, Olsen K, Campbell A, Shipe C, Conwit R, Finegold D, Zaucha M, Drash A, Morrison A, Malone J, Bernal M, Pavan P, Grove N, Tanaka E, McMillan D, Vaccaro‐Kish J, Babbione L, Solc H, DeClue T, Dagogo‐Jack S, Wigley C, Ricks H, Kitabchi A, Chaum E, Murphy M, Moser S, Meyer D, Iannacone A, Yoser S, Bryer‐Ash M, Schussler S, Lambeth H, Raskin P, Strowig S, Basco M, Cercone S, Zinman B, Barnie A, Devenyi R, Mandelcorn M, Brent M, Rogers S, Gordon A, Bakshi N, Perkins B, Tuason L, Perdikaris F, Ehrlich R, Daneman D, Perlman K, Ferguson S, Palmer J, Fahlstrom R, de Boer I, Kinyoun J, Van Ottingham L, Catton S, Ginsberg J, McDonald C, Harth J, Driscoll M, Sheidow T, Mahon J, Canny C, Nicolle D, Colby P, Dupre J, Hramiak I, Rodger N, Jenner M, Smith T, Brown W, May M, Lipps Hagan J, Agarwal A, Adkins T, Lorenz R, Feman S, Survant L, White N, Levandoski L, Grand G, Thomas M, Joseph D, Blinder K, Shah G, Burgess D, Boniuk I, Santiago J, Tamborlane W, Gatcomb P, Stoessel K, Ramos P, Fong K, Ossorio P, Ahern J, Gubitosi‐Klug R, Meadema‐Mayer L, Beck C, Farrell K, Genuth S, Quin J, Gaston P, Palmert M, Trail R, Dahms W, Lachin J, Backlund J, Bebu I, Braffett B, Diminick L, Gao X, Hsu W, Klumpp K, Pan H, Trapani V, Cleary P, McGee P, Sun W, Villavicencio S, Anderson K, Dews L, Younes N, Rutledge B, Chan K, Rosenberg D, Petty B, Determan A, Kenny D, Williams C, Cowie C, Siebert C, Steffes M, Arends V, Bucksa J, Nowicki M, Chavers B, O'Leary D, Polak J, Harrington A, Funk L, Crow R, Gloeb B, Thomas S, O'Donnell C, Soliman E, Zhang Z, Li Y, Campbell C, Keasler L, Hensley S, Hu J, Barr M, Taylor T, Prineas R, Feldman E, Albers J, Low P, Sommer C, Nickander K, Speigelberg T, Pfiefer M, Schumer M, Moran M, Farquhar J, Ryan C, Sandstrom D, Williams T, Geckle M, Cupelli E, Thoma F, Burzuk B, Woodfill T, Danis R, Blodi B, Lawrence D, Wabers H, Gangaputra S, Neill S, Burger M, Dingledine J, Gama V, Sussman R, Davis M, Hubbard L, Budoff M, Darabian S, Rezaeian P, Wong N, Fox M, Oudiz R, Kim L, Detrano R, Cruickshanks K, Dalton D, Bainbridge K, Lima J, Bluemke D, Turkbey E, der Geest ., Liu C, Malayeri A, Jain A, Miao C, Chahal H, Jarboe R, Nathan D, Monnier V, Sell D, Strauch C, Hazen S, Pratt A, Tang W, Brunzell J, Purnell J, Natarajan R, Miao F, Zhang L, Chen Z, Paterson A, Boright A, Bull S, Sun L, Scherer S, Lopes‐Virella M, Lyons T, Jenkins A, Klein R, Virella G, Jaffa A, Carter R, Stoner J, Garvey W, Lackland D, Brabham M, McGee D, Zheng D, Mayfield R, Maynard J, Wessells H, Sarma A, Jacobson A, Dunn R, Holt S, Hotaling J, Kim C, Clemens Q, Brown J, McVary K. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the DCCT/EDIC Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018. [PMCID: PMC6015340 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
Hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress is implicated in the increased risk for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Methods and Results
A random subcohort of 349 participants was selected from the
DCCT
/
EDIC
(Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) cohort. This included 320 controls and 29 cardiovascular disease cases that were augmented with 98 additional known cases to yield a case cohort of 447 participants (320 controls, 127 cases). Biosamples from
DCCT
baseline, year 1, and closeout of
DCCT
, and 1 to 2 years post‐
DCCT
(
EDIC
years 1 and 2) were measured for markers of oxidative stress, including plasma myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase activity, urinary F
2α
isoprostanes, and its metabolite, 2,3 dinor‐8
iso
prostaglandin F
2α
. Following adjustment for glycated hemoblobin and weighting the observations inversely proportional to the sampling selection probabilities, higher paraoxonase activity, reflective of antioxidant activity, and 2,3 dinor‐8
iso
prostaglandin F
2α
, an oxidative marker, were significantly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (−4.5% risk for 10% higher paraoxonase,
P
<0.003; −5.3% risk for 10% higher 2,3 dinor‐8
iso
prostaglandin F
2α
,
P
=0.0092). In contrast, the oxidative markers myeloperoxidase and F
2α
isoprostanes were not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease after adjustment for glycated hemoblobin. There were no significant differences between
DCCT
intensive and conventional treatment groups in the change in all biomarkers across time segments.
Conclusions
Heightened antioxidant activity (rather than diminished oxidative stress markers) is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus, but these biomarkers did not change over time with intensification of glycemic control.
Clinical Trial Registration
URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers:
NCT
00360815 and
NCT
00360893.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Paula McGee
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - John M. Lachin
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - Daniel Y. Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Tan RHH, Hodge A, Klein R, Edwards N, Huang JA, Middleton D, Watts SP. Virus-neutralising antibody responses in horses following vaccination with Equivac® HeV: a field study. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:161-166. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RHH Tan
- College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - A Hodge
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - R Klein
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - N Edwards
- Wellington Village Veterinary Clinic; Rowville Victoria Australia
| | - JA Huang
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - D Middleton
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - SP Watts
- College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
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35
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between Lp(a) concentrations and the severity of retinopathy in 22 younger-onset and 48 older-onset diabetic subjects from the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR), a population-based study of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS We used a subset of the WESDR population with standardized protocols and stereoscopic color fundus photography to determine the severity of diabetic retinopathy in relation to Lp(a) concentrations. Lp(a) concentrations were measured by a monoclonal anti-Lp(a) antibody. RESULTS Lp(a) levels were not significantly different between younger-onset or older-onset subjects with and without retinopathy. CONCLUSION Our results do not support a link between higher levels of Lp(a) and severe retinopathy in either younger-onset or older-onset diabetic subjects but this needs confirmation in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Haffner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Department of Medicine, USA
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36
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Abstract
Because people with diabetes may be at increased risk of glaucoma, we performed a pilot study using automated visual field testing for screening them. One hundred and seventy-six diabetic persons who had participated in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy were tested with the Armaly-Drance screening pattern on the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer. Individuals with moderate diabetic retinopathy or worse tended to have lower sensitivity of the central visual field and missed more points than those with no or only mild retinopathy. People with a history of glaucoma had slightly less sensitivity and missed more points than controls. These preliminary findings suggest that although people with diabetes and glaucoma may more frequently have visual field defects than people with diabetes but no glaucoma, a larger study is needed. This pilot study shows that such a study would be feasible and should be designed to indicate the sensitivity, specificity, and cost-benefit ratio of a screening program so as to assess the utility of the screening visual field test for finding glaucoma amongst people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Klein
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Wisconsin
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37
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Abstract
Certain disturbances of a higher order, e.g. aphasia and agnosia, follow as a rule a lesion of the left hemisphere in right-handed persons and vice versa. This dominance of one hemisphere for certain functions has been well established from abundant material. The Gerstmann Syndrome, recently studied, seems to obey the same rule of dominance; other disorders, such as the attitude toward paralysed limbs and defective functions, appear to be caused by lesions of the non-dominant hemisphere. The relations of the latter group, however, to the hemisphere cannot be regarded as firmly established, since the material presented is still limited.
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38
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Klein R, Early DF. Pupillary Phenomena on Application of a Strong Constant Electric Current As Used in Electronarcotic Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 95:140-2. [DOI: 10.1192/bjp.95.398.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the usual procedure of electronarcotic treatment, the electrodes are placed bitemporally and an initial electric current of 180 m.a. is applied for 30 seconds. During this period a tonic extension of the skeletal muscles occurs, accompanied by strong contraction of the pupils, which in the majority of cases are reduced to pin-point size. Slight convergence of the eyes may accompany the contraction. The contraction relaxes somewhat when clonus ensues, but usually becomes slightly more marked in the following stage when the electric current applied is between 60 and 80 m.a.
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39
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Abstract
The unfailing regularity of the rhythm of his manic-depressive cycles each week renders the patient in question particularly suitable for investigation, and throws into relief changes which might be less marked if the transition between the phases was more gradual and the periodicity less certain.
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40
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Klein R, Early DF. Observations on the Electrically-Produced Epileptic Convulsion. Part II: Pupillary Phenomena in Normal and Pathological Pupils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 94:805-8. [DOI: 10.1192/bjp.94.397.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are three particular pupillary movements in the course of the electrically-produced epileptic fit: dilatation during the convulsion, constriction in the post-convulsive stage, and spasmodic dilatation towards the final stages of the post-convulsive stage. The pupillary dilatation in the convulsive phase is identical with that found in the spontaneous epileptic fit, where it is generally considered as an expression of sympathetic activity, either the consequence of a general (Bumke, 1914) or of a focal cortical excitation (Foerster, 1936; Penfield and Erickson, 1941), or, an opinion held more recently, due to a hypothalamic mechanism (Delay, 1946).
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41
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Abstract
The pattern of the epileptiform fit produced by electric shock treatment is fairly uniform and constant. The four stages of the fit—the preconvulsive, tonic, clonic and post-convulsive phases—are characteristically expressed in postures and movements of eyes and head in each phase.
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42
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Abstract
Results of a previous investigation of manic-depressive psychosis with a continuity of cycles of short duration (Klein and Nunn, 1945) seemed to justify further study of this group. As such cases suitable for investigation are rare, we are again reporting observations on a single case, although the cycles were not as short and regular as in the earlier case. The patient at the time of his last admission to this hospital (in 1944) was aged 40, married, had a healthy child of 16, and was an employee of a tobacco factory. He was said to have been always very quiet and reserved, and had no history of mental illness before joining the Army in 1941. He went to the Middle East in July, 1942, and began to feel listless, tired and sleepless for the first time at the beginning of 1943. After spending four weeks in a military hospital he still felt low on returning to his unit, but soon afterwards was full of life; in his own words, “I could tear anything down.” A fresh period of depression set in later, and he was sent to a military mental hospital for six months, during which time he apparently changed several times from a depressive state into a manic one in which he felt “overstowed with vitality,” “with the energy of ten men.” From this hospital he was returned to England and invalided from the army in October, 1943, at which date he first became a patient in this hospital. An initial depression of about three weeks was followed by a manic condition, and on becoming more settled he took his discharge (at the beginning of December, 1943). In February, 1944, he was readmitted in depression, but went out again whilst in moderate mania in April. Whilst at home he continued his work in the factory, but in September, 1944, was once more admitted to hospital and has since remained. From the latter date till October, 1948, depressive periods have alternated with manic conditions. Wide variations have been noted in the duration of the two phases; at the beginning of the observation period of 21 cycles the manic state lasted longer than the depression, whilst in the last year the reverse was usually true. Manic periods varied between one week and 35 days, with an average of 18 days, while the variation shown by depressive phases was between 6 and 24 days, with an average of 13 days.
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Klein R. Compensatory Enlargement of the Posterior Communicating Artery Following Arterio-Sclerotic Changes of the Posterior Cerebral Artery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/bjp.86.365.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While a vast literature refers to anomalies in various arteries of the brain, there are only a few reports concerning anatomical changes of vessels following altered circulatory conditions. Critchley mentions in his study of the anterior cerebral artery and its syndromes, an observation in which an arterio-sclerotic anterior cerebral artery of one side was so small as to be incapable of maintaining an adequate circulation, so that by way of an abnormally large anterior communicating artery the opposite anterior cerebral supplied both hemispheres. Critchley adds to that case several similar observations from the literature. The application of arteriography to circulatory disturbances has directed attention to analogous cases. Thus Moniz reported several observations in which a closure of the carotid artery of one side led to a distension of the anterior communicating in order to establish collateral circulation. The same mechanism appeared to be effective in the following two cases which we met in the course of our studies on brain vessels.
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Abstract
Inability to dress oneself is a rare symptom in focal brain lesions. We have observed it in two cases, a tumour expanding between the cerebral hemispheres, and a case of head injury in which the mental condition was sufficiently intact to allow a detailed analysis: In discussing the imperception phenomena of the tumour case, we have referred to certain others of relevant interest.
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Bäuerlein FJB, Saha I, Mishra A, Kalemanov M, Martínez-Sánchez A, Klein R, Dudanova I, Hipp MS, Hartl FU, Baumeister W, Fernández-Busnadiego R. In Situ Architecture and Cellular Interactions of PolyQ Inclusions. Cell 2017; 171:179-187.e10. [PMID: 28890085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expression of many disease-related aggregation-prone proteins results in cytotoxicity and the formation of large intracellular inclusion bodies. To gain insight into the role of inclusions in pathology and the in situ structure of protein aggregates inside cells, we employ advanced cryo-electron tomography methods to analyze the structure of inclusions formed by polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded huntingtin exon 1 within their intact cellular context. In primary mouse neurons and immortalized human cells, polyQ inclusions consist of amyloid-like fibrils that interact with cellular endomembranes, particularly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interactions with these fibrils lead to membrane deformation, the local impairment of ER organization, and profound alterations in ER membrane dynamics at the inclusion periphery. These results suggest that aberrant interactions between fibrils and endomembranes contribute to the deleterious cellular effects of protein aggregation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J B Bäuerlein
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Itika Saha
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maria Kalemanov
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Quantitative Biosciences Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Department of Molecules, Signaling, and Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Joo Y, Cruickshanks K, Klein B, Klein R, Wallhagen M. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OTOTOXIC MEDICATION USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Joo
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,
| | | | - B. Klein
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - R. Klein
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - M.I. Wallhagen
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,
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Tai-Nagara I, Yoshikawa Y, Numata N, Ando T, Okabe K, Sugiura Y, Ieda M, Takakura N, Nakagawa O, Zhou B, Okabayashi K, Suematsu M, Kitagawa Y, Bastmeyer M, Sato K, Klein R, Navankasattusas S, Li DY, Yamagishi S, Kubota Y. Placental labyrinth formation in mice requires endothelial FLRT2/UNC5B signaling. Development 2017; 144:2392-2401. [PMID: 28576770 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The placental labyrinth is the interface for gas and nutrient exchange between the embryo and the mother; hence its proper development is essential for embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying development of the placental labyrinth, particularly in terms of its endothelial organization, is not well understood. Here, we determined that fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2), a repulsive ligand of the UNC5 receptor family for neurons, is unexpectedly expressed in endothelial cells specifically in the placental labyrinth. Mice lacking FLRT2 in endothelial cells exhibited embryonic lethality at mid-gestation, with systemic congestion and hypoxia. Although they lacked apparent deformities in the embryonic vasculature and heart, the placental labyrinths of these embryos exhibited aberrant alignment of endothelial cells, which disturbed the feto-maternal circulation. Interestingly, this vascular deformity was related to endothelial repulsion through binding to the UNC5B receptor. Our results suggest that the proper organization of the placental labyrinth depends on coordinated inter-endothelial repulsion, which prevents uncontrolled layering of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikue Tai-Nagara
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Numata
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ando
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Price Center 420, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Cardiology, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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del Toro D, Ruff T, Cederfjäll E, Villalba A, Seyit-Bremer G, Borrell V, Klein R. Regulation of Cerebral Cortex Folding by Controlling Neuronal Migration via FLRT Adhesion Molecules. Cell 2017; 169:621-635.e16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schreck-Del Bello L, Berard E, Klein R, Ritz P. Fast screening of eating disorders among patients with bipolar disorder: Validation of the French version of BEDS questionnaire. European Review of Applied Psychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Prieur B, Meub M, Wittemann M, Klein R, Bellayer S, Fontaine G, Bourbigot S. Phosphorylation of lignin: characterization and investigation of the thermal decomposition. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant polyphenol biopolymeric material chemically functionalisable to act as flame retardant in polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Prieur
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - M. Meub
- Group for Design of Interfaces
- Division Plastics
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Wittemann
- Group for Design of Interfaces
- Division Plastics
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - R. Klein
- Group for Design of Interfaces
- Division Plastics
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - S. Bellayer
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - G. Fontaine
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - S. Bourbigot
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
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