1
|
Isenberg DA, Petri M, Kalunian K, Tanaka Y, Urowitz MB, Hoffman RW, Morgan-Cox M, Iikuni N, Silk M, Wallace DJ. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tabalumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from ILLUMINATE-1, a 52-week, phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:323-31. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
2
|
Carpintero MF, Martinez L, Fernandez I, Romero ACG, Mejia C, Zang YJ, Hoffman RW, Greidinger EL. Diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with anti-RNP autoimmunity. Lupus 2015; 24:1057-66. [PMID: 25736140 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315575586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-RNP autoantibodies occur either in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) (with a frequently favorable prognosis), or in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases with aggressive major organ disease. It is uncertain how to assess for the risk of severe disease in anti-RNP + patients. METHODS Following institutional review board-approved protocols, clinical data and blood were collected from patients with known or suspected anti-RNP autoimmunity and normal controls in a cohort study. Samples were screened for parameters of immune activation. Groups were compared based on clinical diagnoses, disease classification criteria, disease activity and specific end-organ clinical manifestations. RESULTS Ninety-seven per cent of patients satisfying Alarcon-Segovia MCTD criteria also met Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinic (SLICC) SLE criteria, while 47% of the anti-RNP + SLE patients also met MCTD criteria. Among SLICC SLE patients, MCTD criteria were associated with reduced rates of renal disease (odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-14.0), increased rates of Raynaud's phenomenon (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3-9.5) and increased serum B-cell maturation antigen, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor and TNFα levels. Circulating immune markers and markers of type I interferon activation were not effective at distinguishing clinical subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Among anti-RNP patients, the question of MCTD versus SLE is not either/or: most MCTD patients also have lupus. MCTD classification criteria (but not a broad set of immune markers) distinguish a subset of SLE patients at reduced risk for renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Carpintero
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | | | - I Fernandez
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - A C Garza Romero
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - C Mejia
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Y J Zang
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | | | - E L Greidinger
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Greidinger EL, Pignac-Kobinger J, Garza Romero AC, Perumal NB, Kondragunta V, Hoffman RW. FRI0261 B cell stimulating cytokines baff, IL-21 and IL-33 mrna expression are elevated coordinately in active rnp autoantibody+ sle. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Dow ER, Banerjee P, Penny MA, Nantz E, Stepaniants S, Ho A, Komocsar WJ, Berclaz PY, Hoffman RW. SAT0005 Human C-Type Lectin Domain Family 4, Member C Gene Expression Level Helps Predict Future Clinical Response to Tabalumab Blockade of Baff in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
5
|
Geddes CC, Mullinnix MT, Nieves IU, Hoffman RW, Sagues WJ, York SW, Shanmugam KT, Erickson JE, Vermerris WE, Ingram LO. Seed train development for the fermentation of bagasse from sweet sorghum and sugarcane using a simplified fermentation process. Bioresour Technol 2013; 128:716-724. [PMID: 23375156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A process was developed for seed culture expansion (3.6 million-fold) using 5% of the hemicellulose hydrolysate from dilute acid pretreatment as the sole organic nutrient and source of sugar. Hydrolysate used for seed growth was neutralized with ammonia and combined with 1.0mM sodium metabisulfite immediately before inoculation. This seed protocol was tested with phosphoric acid pretreated sugarcane and sweet sorghum bagasse using a simplified process with co-fermentation of fiber, pentoses, and hexoses in a single vessel (SScF). A 6h liquefaction (L) step improved mixing prior to inoculation. Fermentations (L+SScF process) were completed in 72 h with high yields (>80 gal/US ton). Ethanol titers for this L+SScF process ranged from 24 g/L to 32 g/L, and were limited by the bagasse concentration (10% dry matter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Geddes
- Dept Microbiology & Cell Science, Univ Florida, Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nieves IU, Geddes CC, Mullinnix MT, Hoffman RW, Tong Z, Castro E, Shanmugam KT, Ingram LO. Injection of air into the headspace improves fermentation of phosphoric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse by Escherichia coli MM170. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6959-65. [PMID: 21531547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microaeration (injecting air into the headspace) improved the fermentation of hemicellulose hydrolysates obtained from the phosphoric acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse at 170°C for 10 min. In addition, with 10% slurries of phosphoric acid pretreated bagasse (180°C, 10 min), air injection into the headspace promoted xylose utilization and increased ethanol yields from 0.16 to 0.20 g ethanol/g bagasse dry weight using a liquefaction plus simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation process (L+SScF). This process was scaled up to 80 L using slurries of acid pretreated bagasse (96 h incubation; 0.6L of air/min into the headspace) with ethanol yields of 312-347 L (82-92 gal) per tone (dry matter), corresponding to 0.25 and 0.27 g/g bagasse (dry weight). Injection of small amounts of air into the headspace may provide a convenient alternative to subsurface sparging that avoids problems of foaming, sparger hygiene, flotation of particulates, and phase separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I U Nieves
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nieves IU, Geddes CC, Miller EN, Mullinnix MT, Hoffman RW, Fu Z, Tong Z, Ingram LO. Effect of reduced sulfur compounds on the fermentation of phosphoric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse by ethanologenic Escherichia coli. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:5145-5152. [PMID: 21353535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The addition of reduced sulfur compounds (thiosulfate, cysteine, sodium hydrosulfite, and sodium metabisulfite) increased growth and fermentation of dilute acid hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse by ethanologenic Escherichia coli (strains LY180, EMFR9, and MM160). With sodium metabisulfite (0.5mM), toxicity was sufficiently reduced that slurries of pretreated biomass (10% dry weight including fiber and solubles) could be fermented by E. coli strain MM160 without solid-liquid separation or cleanup of sugars. A 6-h liquefaction step was added to improve mixing. Sodium metabisulfite also caused spectral changes at wavelengths corresponding to furfural and soluble products from lignin. Glucose and cellobiose were rapidly metabolized. Xylose utilization was improved by sodium metabisulfite but remained incomplete after 144 h. The overall ethanol yield for this liquefaction plus simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation process was 0.20 g ethanol/g bagasse dry weight, 250 L/tonne (61 gal/US ton).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I U Nieves
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
AbstractTensile properties of thin films may be interpreted as a structure sensitive plastic region superposed on an elastic background in a manner similar to bulk specimen tensile testing. However, the limitations of both the material and tensile instrument have not usually been tested in detail.We report our experience with aluminum and alumina films some 100 nm thick prepared by evaporation of Al followed by anodization for the alumina film. Self-supporting films are glued to glass “jaws” of the nanotensilometer and force-elongation data recorded. Mounting thickness, glue slip-page, instrument calibration, and other possible artifacts will be examined in detail. A typical Al stress-strain curve has an initial small curved region interpreted as a mounting artifact, followed by a primarily elastic (near linear) region and increasing plastic deformation until failure occurs. Alumina films fail in a brittle manner. Characterization techniques include TEM, RBS, and other surface spectroscopies; selected examples will be reported. Strain rate and preliminary annealing data are presented with a microscopic interpretation.In general, thin metal films are less ductile than their bulk counterparts, grain sizes are much smaller, and they may possess large stresses and unexpected impurities, but have mechanical properties that can be modelled.
Collapse
|
9
|
Arbab M, Chottiner GS, Hoffman RW. An Arxps Investigation of the Initial Growth of Aluminum Films on the (0001) Face of Sapphire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-153-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe (0001) face of α-Al2O3 and the initial growth of ultra-thin aluminum, films deposited on this surface were studied by a combination of low energy electron diffraction, angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal desorption techniques. At high temperatures, the (0001) face of α-Al2O3 reconstructs to form a (√31×√31)R±9° structure which remains stable at lower temperatures, as evidenced by IEED. ARXPS shows that the annealed sanple retains its bulk composition up to the solid-vacuum interface.Thin Al films were deposited on the above surface by in situ evaporation. ARXPS results indicate a uniform growth of the initial monolayer of aluminum. Further growth (<3 A°) deviated fr the layer by layer adsorption mechanism.
Collapse
|
10
|
Geddes CC, Mullinnix MT, Nieves IU, Peterson JJ, Hoffman RW, York SW, Yomano LP, Miller EN, Shanmugam KT, Ingram LO. Simplified process for ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse using hydrolysate-resistant Escherichia coli strain MM160. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:2702-11. [PMID: 21111615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexose and pentose sugars from phosphoric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse were co-fermented to ethanol in a single vessel (SScF), eliminating process steps for solid-liquid separation and sugar cleanup. An initial liquefaction step (L) with cellulase was included to improve mixing and saccharification (L+SScF), analogous to a corn ethanol process. Fermentation was enabled by the development of a hydrolysate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli LY180, designated MM160. Strain MM160 was more resistant than the parent to inhibitors (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetate) formed during pretreatment. Bagasse slurries containing 10% and 14% dry weight (fiber plus solubles) were tested using pretreatment temperatures of 160-190°C (1% phosphoric acid, 10 min). Enzymatic saccharification and inhibitor production both increased with pretreatment temperature. The highest titer (30 g/L ethanol) and yield (0.21 g ethanol/g bagasse dry weight) were obtained after incubation for 122 h using 14% dry weight slurries of pretreated bagasse (180°C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Geddes
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Greidinger EL, Zang Y, Jaimes K, Martinez L, Hoffman RW. 253 DIFFERENTIAL INDUCTION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS 3 AND 8 BY DOUBLE-STRANDED U1-RIBONUCLEIC ACID CONSTRUCTS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0008.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Pandya KI, O'Grady WE, Corrigan DA, McBreen J, Hoffman RW. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure investigations of nickel hydroxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100364a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Scherson DA, Yao SB, Yeager EB, Eldridge J, Kordesch ME, Hoffman RW. In situ and ex situ Moessbauer spectroscopy studies of iron phthalocyanine adsorbed on high surface area carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100229a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reviewed with a focus on autoantigen-specific T cells in SLE. The initial clue to a role for T cells in SLE was histopathologic studies demonstrating extensive infiltration of T cells at the sites of inflammation. Later studies, showing association between HLA polymorphisms and specific autoantibodies, directly implicated a role for T cells in autoantibody production. More recently, we and others have identified and characterized autoantigen-specific T cells in SLE. We review these studies on the role of autoantigen-specific T cells in SLE and present new findings on the molecular characterization of T cell immunity to Sm-B, Sm-D and U1-70kD small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) autoantigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Talken BL, Bailey CW, Reardon SL, Caldwell CW, Hoffman RW. Structural analysis of TCRalpha and beta chains from human T-Cell clones specific for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides Sm-D, Sm-B and U1-70 kDa: TCR complementarity determining region 3 usage appears highly conserved. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:204-10. [PMID: 11439168 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are systemic autoimmune diseases that are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies reactive with U small nuclear RNP (snRNP) autoantigens. Both B and T cells are important in the pathogenesis of the disease, and T- and B-cell immunity against snRNP polypeptides have been shown to be linked in vivo. Currently, several alternative hypotheses for the pathogenesis of these diseases have been proposed. These include loss of tolerance, modified self-antigens, molecular mimicry and nondirected immune activation. To help distinguish between the various models of disease pathogenesis, we have characterized the T-cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 from a large panel of well-characterized human T-cell clones and lines specific for individual snRNP polypeptides. The results presented here reveal highly restricted TCR usage across patients by the snRNP-reactive T cells based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the CDR3 loop. These data support the hypothesis that T-cell responses against self antigens in SLE and MCTD are antigen driven and that there are a limited number of T-cell epitopes present on the snRNP autoantigens.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Clone Cells
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology
- DNA, Complementary
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/immunology
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- snRNP Core Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Talken
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, MO 65212, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Talken BL, Schäfermeyer KR, Bailey CW, Lee DR, Hoffman RW. T cell epitope mapping of the Smith antigen reveals that highly conserved Smith antigen motifs are the dominant target of T cell immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 2001; 167:562-8. [PMID: 11418695 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell and T cell immunity to the Smith Ag (Sm) is a characteristic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have shown that T cell immunity against Sm can be detected in SLE patients, and that T and B cell immunity against Sm are linked in vivo. TCR usage by Sm-reactive T cells is highly restricted and characteristic of an Ag-driven immune response. Sm is a well-characterized complex Ag consisting of proteins B1, B2, D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G. A unique feature of all Sm proteins is the presence of homologous motifs, Sm motif 1 and Sm motif 2. We used limiting dilution cloning and synthetic peptide Ags to characterize the human T cell immune response against Sm in seven SLE patients. We sought to determine the precise antigenic peptides recognized, the common features of antigenic structure recognized, and the evolution of the T cell response against Sm. We found there was a highly restricted set of Sm self-peptides recognized by T cells, with three epitopes on Sm-B and two epitopes on Sm-D. We found that T cell immunity against Sm-B and Sm-D was encoded within the highly conserved Sm motif 1 and Sm motif 2, and that immunity against these epitopes appeared stable. The present study supports the concept that T cell immunity to Sm is an Ag-driven immune response directed against a highly restricted set of self-peptides, encoded within Sm motif 1 and Sm motif 2, that is shared among all Sm proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Talken
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chang M, Lubahn DB, Hoffman RW. DNA microsatellite markers for estrogen receptor-beta are not associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2001; 28:924-5. [PMID: 11327282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
20
|
Chang M, Walker SE, Hoffman RW. Immunization with a bacterial ATP-binding cassette transporter fragment suppresses autoimmunity and prolongs survival in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Lupus 2001; 9:655-63. [PMID: 11199919 DOI: 10.1191/096120300667608330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to better define the role of the U1 70 kDa antigen in a spontaneous murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by testing whether immunization with the U1 70 kDa polypeptide could alter the production of antibodies against U1 70 kDa or against other small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP), modify disease expression or alter survival. We found that, while immunization with a U1 70 kDa derived fusion protein (70 KFP) tended to delay the development of anti-snRNP antibodies in the sera of MRL/lpr mice, it had no effect on autoimmune-mediated renal disease or survival. Unexpectedly, it was found that MRL/lpr mice immunized with a 367 amino acid fragment of a bacterial ATP-binding cassette transporter, MFP, had prolonged survival compared to saline injection or U1 70 kDa immunization and that this was associated with a delay in the onset of SLE-like proliferative glomerulonephritis. This is the first study, to our knowledge, in which a bacterial ATP-binding cassette transporter was shown to be beneficial in treating a murine model of SLE. We report that MFP significantly prolonged longevity in the MRL/lpr murine model of SLE compared to saline injection or 70 KFP immunization and that improved survival was associated with a delay in the onset of SLE-like glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chang
- Medical Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Greidinger EL, Hoffman RW. The appearance of U1 RNP antibody specificities in sequential autoimmune human antisera follows a characteristic order that implicates the U1-70 kd and B'/B proteins as predominant U1 RNP immunogens. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:368-75. [PMID: 11229468 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200102)44:2<368::aid-anr55>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the order of development of anti-U1 RNP peptide antibodies in humans. METHODS Immunoblots against Jurkat cell lysates were performed on 5,882 serum samples from 3,668 patients referred on clinical grounds for RNP antibody testing to a reference laboratory between 1989 and 1999. In patients from whom multiple samples were drawn, we determined the order in which IgG antibodies to the U1 RNP peptides A, B'/B, C, D, and 70 kd appeared. RESULTS One hundred sixty-three patients with serial samples were identified in whom antibodies to at least one U1 RNP peptide initially were not present but later appeared. The first RNP antibodies to appear were most often directed against the 70 kd and B'/B peptides (P < 0.01). Antibodies to the A and C peptides usually developed after other RNP peptide antibodies, and antibodies to D often emerged only after immunity to multiple other U1 RNP proteins had appeared. B'/B, but not 70 kd, was a frequent early target of spreading after initial immunity to other RNP peptides. CONCLUSION Orderly patterns of emergence of U1 RNP peptide antibodies appear to exist in humans. Two peptides, 70 kd and B'/B, show characteristics of early immunogens in the development of human RNP immunity.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
A defining feature of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is the presence of antibodies against the U1-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, but other autoantibodies in MCTD have recently been described. Research has also further elucidated the immune responses directed against U1-RNP in humans and in murine models of disease. Hypotheses implicating modified self-antigens and/or infectious agents in the pathogenesis of MCTD have been advanced. Links between the immunologic and clinical phenomena in MCTD are emerging. Longitudinal study of patients with MCTD highlights the impact of pulmonary hypertension on disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Missouri and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia 64212, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Greidinger EL, Casciola-Rosen L, Morris SM, Hoffman RW, Rosen A. Autoantibody recognition of distinctly modified forms of the U1-70-kd antigen is associated with different clinical disease manifestations. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:881-8. [PMID: 10765934 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200004)43:4<881::aid-anr20>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether autoantibody recognition of modified forms of the U1-70-kd RNP antigen correlates with manifestations of rheumatic disease. METHODS Blinded to clinical disease manifestations, sera from 27 rheumatic disease patients with U1-70-kd antibodies were used to immunoblot control, apoptotic, and oxidatively modified HeLa cell lysates. Using densitometry, recognition of antigen fragments was quantitated. The presence or absence of 1) lupus skin disease and 2) Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) was determined for each patient by chart review. The ability of patient sera to recognize the different fragments was compared for patients with and without skin disease and with and without RP. RESULTS Patients with lupus skin disease had higher recognition of apoptotic U1-70 kd than did patients without skin disease (mean +/- SD fragment recognition index [FRI] 1.35 +/- 0.57 versus 0.95 +/- 0.25; P < 0.024, by Student's t-test). Patients with RP had higher recognition of oxidatively modified U1-70 kd than did patients without RP (mean +/- SD FRI 0.95 +/- 0.80 versus 0.24 +/- 0.22; P < 0.048). CONCLUSION Recognition of apoptotically and oxidatively modified forms of the U1-70-kd autoantigen are associated with distinct clinical rheumatic disease manifestations. This finding provides in vivo evidence for the hypothesis that immune recognition of modified forms of self antigens may be relevant to the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Understanding the antigenic modifications to which patients react may help predict the expression of rheumatic syndromes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Burdt MA, Hoffman RW, Deutscher SL, Wang GS, Johnson JC, Sharp GC. Long-term outcome in mixed connective tissue disease: longitudinal clinical and serologic findings. Arthritis Rheum 1999. [PMID: 10323445 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5<899::aid-anr8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term clinical and immunologic outcomes in a well-characterized cohort of 47 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), including reactivity with U small nuclear RNP (snRNP) polypeptides. METHODS Patients were followed up over a period of 3-29 years with immunogenetic and systematic clinical and serologic analysis. Sera were analyzed for reactivity with snRNP polypeptides U1-70 kd, A, C, B/B', and D, for anti-U1 RNA, and for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). RESULTS The typical core clinical features of MCTD tended to develop over time; features of inflammation as well as Raynaud's phenomenon and esophageal hypomotility diminished, while pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction, and central nervous system disease persisted, following treatment. A favorable outcome was observed in 62% of patients; 38% had continued active disease or had died, with death associated with pulmonary hypertension and aCL. All patients had autoantibodies to the U1-70 kd polypeptide of snRNP, and most were positive for anti-U1 RNA. An orderly progression of intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, as was the novel finding of "epitope contraction" followed by disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged remission. CONCLUSION These patients demonstrated the typical immunogenetic, clinical, and serologic findings of MCTD, and the condition rarely evolved into systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis. The majority of patients had favorable outcomes, with pulmonary hypertension being the most frequent disease-associated cause of death. Intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, followed by "epitope contraction" and ultimate disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Burdt
- University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxosporean parasite-causing salmonid whirling disease, was first reported among rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Germany in 1903. The parasite was reported for the first time in North America in 1958 among hatchery-reared trout in the eastern USA, presumably arriving with frozen trout shipments from Europe. A comparison of 18S and ITS-1 ribosomal DNA sequences was conducted to identify potential strain differences between selected geographic isolates of this parasite from Europe and North America. Only fourteen of 1700 base pairs were different in the 18S rRNA gene from isolates obtained from California and West Virginia in the USA, and the Federal German Republic. No evidence for strain differences was obtained from ITS-1 sequences that were found to be identical among all parasite isolates. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the parasite was recently introduced to the USA from Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K B Andree
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Dayis 95616, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zarling AL, Johnson JG, Hoffman RW, Lee DR. Induction of primary human CD8+ T lymphocyte responses in vitro using dendritic cells. J Immunol 1999; 162:5197-204. [PMID: 10227993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of two different human professional APCs, specifically macrophages (Mphi) and dendritic cells (DC), to stimulate primary responses in human CD8+ T lymphocytes was examined using both allogeneic and Ag-pulsed autologous APCs. CTL responses in CD8+ T lymphocytes isolated from HIV-uninfected donors were evaluated against six different HIV epitopes that are restricted by four different HLA alleles using autologous human PBMC-derived Mphi and DCs for primary stimulation. In a side-by-side experiment, immature DCs, but not Mphi, were able to prime a CTL response against the B14-restricted p24gag 298-306 epitope; mature DCs were also able to prime a response against this epitope. In addition, DCs were capable of priming CD8+ CTL responses against the B8-restricted p24gag 259-267 epitope. In contrast, Mphi were unable to prime strong CTL responses against other epitopes. Since the Ag-specific cytotoxic responses required subsequent rounds of restimulation before they could be detected, the ability of the allogeneic Mphi and DCs to directly prime CD8+ T lymphocyte responses without subsequent restimulation was examined. Similar to the aforementioned peptide-specific results, DCs were more efficient than Mphi in priming both allogeneic proliferative and cytotoxic responses in human CD8+ T lymphocytes. Collectively, these results promote an enhanced status for DCs in the primary stimulation of human CD8+ T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Zarling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia 65212, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Burdt MA, Hoffman RW, Deutscher SL, Wang GS, Johnson JC, Sharp GC. Long-term outcome in mixed connective tissue disease: longitudinal clinical and serologic findings. Arthritis Rheum 1999. [PMID: 10323445 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5%3c899::aid-anr8%3e3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term clinical and immunologic outcomes in a well-characterized cohort of 47 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), including reactivity with U small nuclear RNP (snRNP) polypeptides. METHODS Patients were followed up over a period of 3-29 years with immunogenetic and systematic clinical and serologic analysis. Sera were analyzed for reactivity with snRNP polypeptides U1-70 kd, A, C, B/B', and D, for anti-U1 RNA, and for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). RESULTS The typical core clinical features of MCTD tended to develop over time; features of inflammation as well as Raynaud's phenomenon and esophageal hypomotility diminished, while pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction, and central nervous system disease persisted, following treatment. A favorable outcome was observed in 62% of patients; 38% had continued active disease or had died, with death associated with pulmonary hypertension and aCL. All patients had autoantibodies to the U1-70 kd polypeptide of snRNP, and most were positive for anti-U1 RNA. An orderly progression of intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, as was the novel finding of "epitope contraction" followed by disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged remission. CONCLUSION These patients demonstrated the typical immunogenetic, clinical, and serologic findings of MCTD, and the condition rarely evolved into systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis. The majority of patients had favorable outcomes, with pulmonary hypertension being the most frequent disease-associated cause of death. Intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, followed by "epitope contraction" and ultimate disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Burdt
- University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Burdt MA, Hoffman RW, Deutscher SL, Wang GS, Johnson JC, Sharp GC. Long-term outcome in mixed connective tissue disease: longitudinal clinical and serologic findings. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:899-909. [PMID: 10323445 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5<899::aid-anr8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term clinical and immunologic outcomes in a well-characterized cohort of 47 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), including reactivity with U small nuclear RNP (snRNP) polypeptides. METHODS Patients were followed up over a period of 3-29 years with immunogenetic and systematic clinical and serologic analysis. Sera were analyzed for reactivity with snRNP polypeptides U1-70 kd, A, C, B/B', and D, for anti-U1 RNA, and for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). RESULTS The typical core clinical features of MCTD tended to develop over time; features of inflammation as well as Raynaud's phenomenon and esophageal hypomotility diminished, while pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction, and central nervous system disease persisted, following treatment. A favorable outcome was observed in 62% of patients; 38% had continued active disease or had died, with death associated with pulmonary hypertension and aCL. All patients had autoantibodies to the U1-70 kd polypeptide of snRNP, and most were positive for anti-U1 RNA. An orderly progression of intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, as was the novel finding of "epitope contraction" followed by disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged remission. CONCLUSION These patients demonstrated the typical immunogenetic, clinical, and serologic findings of MCTD, and the condition rarely evolved into systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis. The majority of patients had favorable outcomes, with pulmonary hypertension being the most frequent disease-associated cause of death. Intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, followed by "epitope contraction" and ultimate disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Burdt
- University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Talken BL, Holyst MM, Lee DR, Hoffman RW. T cell receptor beta-chain third complementarity-determining region gene usage is highly restricted among Sm-B autoantigen-specific human T cell clones derived from patients with connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:703-9. [PMID: 10211884 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:4<703::aid-anr13>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the structure of T cell receptors (TCR) used by Sm-B-reactive human T cell clones, to map T cell epitopes on the Sm-B autoantigen, and to determine the HLA restriction element used in the recognition of Sm-B by T cells. METHODS Sm-B-reactive T cell clones were generated from patients with connective tissue disease by using either a recombinant fusion protein or synthetic peptides. The TCR structure was defined with the use of polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Synthetic peptides were used to map T cell epitopes on Sm-B. HLA restriction element usage was defined by using monoclonal antibody blocking. RESULTS Usage of the TCR third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) was highly restricted among Sm-B autoantigen-specific human T cell clones. Only amino acids 48-96 of the Sm-B2 autoantigen were recognized by T cells, and this occurred in the context of HLA-DR. CONCLUSION TCR CDR3 gene usage is highly conserved by Sm-B autoantigen-specific T cell clones, and this appears to be related to the recognition of a limited number of T cell epitopes on the Sm-B autoantigen presented in the context of HLA-DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Talken
- University of Missouri, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Talken BL, Lee DR, Caldwell CW, Quinn TP, Schäfermeyer KR, Hoffman RW. Analysis of T cell receptors specific for U1-70kD small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigen: the alpha chain complementarity determining region three is highly conserved among connective tissue disease patients. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:200-8. [PMID: 10321956 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The U1-70kD autoantigen is a major target of B cell responses in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). T cell responses are important in the pathogenesis of CTD, however little is known about autoantigen-specific T cells in these diseases. We have recently proven that U1-70kD-reactive human T cells exist. To further characterize these autoreactive T cells, U1-70kD-reactive T cell clones have been generated from patients with CTD using either a recombinant fusion protein or synthetic peptides spanning the U1-70kD polypeptide. T cell receptors (TCR) isolated from the U1-70kD-reactive T cell clones were sequenced and the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) compared to determine if a common motif was present. mAb blocking of antigen-induced proliferation was done to determine the HLA restriction element used in recognition of the U1-70kD autoantigen by T cells. The results presented here indicate that TCRAV CDR3 usage is highly restricted among U1-70kD autoantigen-specific human T cells clones derived from CTD patients with distinctive structural features. Furthermore, the recognition of the U1-70kD autoantigen occurs in the context of HLA-DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Talken
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Department of Veterans Affairs, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharp GC, Hoffman RW. Clinical, immunologic, and immunogenetic evidence that mixed connective tissue disease is a distinct entity: comment on the article by Smolen and Steiner. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:190-1; author reply 193-6. [PMID: 9920034 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199901)42:1<190::aid-anr29>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
32
|
Chang M, Wang RJ, Yangco DT, Sharp GC, Komatireddy GR, Hoffman RW. Analysis of autoantibodies against RNA polymerases using immunoaffinity-purifed RNA polymerase I, II, and III antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 89:71-8. [PMID: 9756726 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1998.4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against RNA polymerases (RNAP) have been reported to occur in patients with a wide variety of connective tissue diseases (CTD), including systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The frequency of anti-RNAP antibodies has been reported to vary widely between different CTD diseases in studies examining different patient populations. Furthermore, these studies have been limited by the fact that methods have not previously been available for detecting antibodies against RNAP which are both rapid and quantitative. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rapidly quantitating antibodies against RNAP I, II, and III. We have utilized both the ELISA and the immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled HeLa cells to analyze sera from a large cohort of well-characterized Caucasian CTD patients for the presence of anti-RNAP antibodies. We found excellent concordance for the presence of anti-RNAP antibodies using immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Anti-RNAP antibodies occurred predominantly among female patients with the diffuse form of SSc and were detected in 8/36 (22%) of Caucasian patients with diffuse SSc and 1/53 (2%) with limited SSc. Anti-RNAP antibodies occurred in 1/42 (2%) of patients with SLE. Anti-RNAP antibodies did not occur in MCTD (0/49). Antibodies against RNAP were rare among antinucleolar-reactive sera, occurring in only 3/200 (1.5%). The RNAP ELISA provides a validated method which can be rapidly utilized in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting to identify SSc patients who are at risk for developing diffuse SSc with multiorgan involvement and hypertensive renal crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liossis SN, Hoffman RW, Tsokos GC. Abnormal early TCR/CD3-mediated signaling events of a snRNP-autoreactive lupus T cell clone. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 88:305-10. [PMID: 9743618 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1998.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple immunoregulatory abnormalities characterize systemic lupus erythematosus. Abnormalities of the antigen receptor-mediated early signal transduction biochemical events underscore the diverse cellular aberrations. Fresh peripheral T and B cells and T cell lines from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus display increased Ca2+ responses that are preceded by enhanced antigen receptor-initiated cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphorylation. To further dissect the aberrant signaling events of lupus T cells we studied the early anti-CD3 mAb-induced signaling events in autoantigen-specific T cells from lupus patients. We report herein that a lupus snRNP-specific T cell clone, but not other T cells, displays increased Ca2+ fluxes and enhanced production of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins following TCR/CD3 stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Liossis
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
McMurray RW, Hoffman RW, Nelson W, Walker SE. Cytokine mRNA expression in the B/W mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus--analyses of strain, gender, and age effects. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 84:260-8. [PMID: 9281384 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of inherent gender-related effects on autoimmunity, cytokine genes were examined in female and male New Zealand Black X New Zealand White (B/W) mice, which are a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In preliminary studies, semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a trend for B/W spleen cell interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA in B/W female spleen cells to exceed that of males. This difference was obliterated following concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. Spleen cells from B/W mice of both sexes were then examined at 6, 18, and 27 weeks of age, and results were compared with matched groups of nonautoimmune DBA/2 mice. Pooled splenocytes from all 12 groups of animals were compared simultaneously for expression of mRNA specific for IFN-gamma, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Strain was a potent influence on cytokine transcripts. In unstimulated splenocytes from female and male B/W mice, there was a notable trend for IFN-gamma and IL-6 mRNA expression to exceed transcripts from nonautoimmune DBA/2 mice. When comparisons were carried out by gender, a highly significant increase of IFN-gamma transcripts was apparent in B/W females compared to B/W males at the age of 27 weeks. Following Con A incubation, strain and gender differences were eliminated. IL-4 transcript expression was similar in all pools of cells, and age was not an important factor in expression of any transcript. This study represents the first examination of multiple cytokine transcripts in lymphoid cells from B/W mice. In this hormone-sensitive model of SLE, strain and gender determined in vivo expression of IFN-gamma and IL-6 mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W McMurray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65201-5297, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Holyst MM, Hill DL, Hoch SO, Hoffman RW. Analysis of human T cell and B cell responses against U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70-kd, B, and D polypeptides among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1493-503. [PMID: 9259431 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780400818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze T and B cell reactivity with U small nuclear RNP (snRNP) 70-kd, B, and D polypeptides among patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) and to examine the functional characteristics of snRNP-reactive T cell clones. METHODS We used an snRNP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting to characterize antibodies in patients' sera. We used human recombinant fusion proteins 70 kd, B, and D to stimulate and clone snRNP-reactive T cells from CTD patients. We analyzed the cell surface phenotype, antigenic specificity, and cytokine profiles of T cell clones. RESULTS Patients showed T cell responsiveness to snRNP polypeptides that paralleled their autoantibody reactivities. A total of 256 clones were generated, and clones were identified which were specific for the 70-kd, B, or D polypeptides. Clones expressed a T helper cell phenotype, and were found to produce substantial quantities of both interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma, and lesser quantities of IL-2 and IL-6. CONCLUSION These results show that CTD patients have clonable circulating snRNP-reactive T cells that parallel the specificity of snRNP-reactive antibodies in their sera. The snRNP-reactive T cells exhibit a helper cell phenotype and produce cytokines which are important in B cell help and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Holyst
- University of Missouri-Columbia and Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hoffman RW, O'Sullivan FX, Schafermeyer KR, Moore TL, Roussell D, Watson-McKown R, Kim MF, Wise KS. Mycoplasma infection and rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of their relationship using immunoblotting and an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction detection method. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1219-28. [PMID: 9214421 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199707)40:7<1219::aid-art5>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between infection with Mycoplasma and the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). METHODS Immunoblotting of patient synovial fluid and sera on detergent-phase membrane protein extracts of various Mycoplasma species was carried out to learn whether patients exhibited serologic evidence of previous exposure to mycoplasmas. Moreover, an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for assessing whether Mycoplasma DNA could be detected in synovial fluid from patients and controls. RESULTS Immunoblotting provided serologic evidence of previous Mycoplasma exposure in patients and controls. The genus-specific PCR detected known human Mycoplasma species and could reliably detect <5 copies of Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma fermentans, or a molecular mimic control in synovial fluid. Repeat testing revealed no evidence of Mycoplasma DNA in patient synovial samples. CONCLUSION This study provided serologic evidence suggesting that, while previous exposure to Mycoplasma was common, there was no detectable persistence of Mycoplasma DNA in the synovial fluid or tissue of patients with RA or JRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- University of Missouri-Columbia, and Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
One hundred and nineteen Merriam's wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) and 31 domestic chickens coexisting on a ranch in west-central Colorado (USA) were surveyed for mycoplasmosis by serologic and cultural methods. Although no clinical signs were apparent in any wild turkeys tested, 51 (43%) had positive rapid plate agglutination (RPA) reactions for M. gallisepticum (MG) and/or M. synoviae (MS); 37% of 56 adults and 48% of 63 subadults were classified as positive reactors to MG and/or MS. No turkeys tested in 1992 (n = 61) and 17 (29%) of 58 turkeys tested in 1993 were RPA-positive for M. meleagridis (MM). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test results were negative for MG, MS and MM as were most enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test reactions (MG = 99%, MS = 93%, MM = 87%). Immunoblotting showed mild to moderate reactivity to MG proteins in 49% of 41 samples tested. Most chickens were strongly positive for MS by RPA (81%), HI (58%) and ELISA (87%); 48% also were positive for MG by RPA but all were MG-negative by HI and ELISA. No pathogenic mycoplasmas were isolated from either group of birds. Mycoplasma gallopavonis was commonly identified from the wild turkeys, and M. gallinaceum was isolated from both the chickens and wild turkeys. In a transmission study conducted in 1994, disease-free domestic turkeys failed to seroconvert when co-housed with wild turkeys from this population that were RPA-positive for MG. Collectively, the results of this study were inconclusive regarding the status of pathogenic mycoplasmas within this wild turkey population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- Colorado Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, 80526, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Komatireddy GR, Wang GS, Sharp GC, Hoffman RW. Antiphospholipid antibodies among anti-U1-70 kDa autoantibody positive patients with mixed connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol Suppl 1997; 24:319-22. [PMID: 9034990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and recurrent venous and/or arterial thrombotic events, fetal loss, and thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been well documented. Such an association has not been carefully assessed in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Our aim was to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of aPL in anti-U1-70 kDa autoantibody positive patients with MCTD. METHODS We compared 48 consecutive anti-U1-70 kDa autoantibody positive patients with MCTD versus 59 consecutive anti-U1-70 kDa autoantibody negative patients with SLE to determine the frequency of aPL and clinical features of the aPL syndrome. RESULTS Among the patients with MCTD 7/48 (15%) had anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) versus 24/59 (41%) patients with SLE (p < 0.005) and versus 2/150 (1%) apparently healthy blood donors (p < 0.001). Among patients with MCTD with aPL, 2 were IgG, 3 IgM, and 2 both IgG and IgM isotypes; among patients with SLE 5 were IgG, 11 IgM, and 8 both IgG and IgM isotypes. No clotting events or other features of the aPL syndrome were found among the patients with MCTD compared with 26 events documented among the group of aCL positive patients with SLE (p < 0.001). There were 10 patients with SLE with deep vein thrombosis, one with a pulmonary embolism, 2 with recurrent fetal loss, one with chorea, 2 with livedo reticularis, one with severe thrombocytopenia, and one with avascular necrosis. CONCLUSION aCL were increased in patients with MCTD compared to controls. Furthermore, aCL were increased in SLE compared with both patients with MCTD and controls. Finally, while clotting events and other manifestations of the aPL syndrome occurred among the group of aCL positive patients with SLE these were distinctly absent from the aCL positive MCTD group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Komatireddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Smarr KL, Parker JC, Wright GE, Stucky-Ropp RC, Buckelew SP, Hoffman RW, O'Sullivan FX, Hewett JE. The importance of enhancing self-efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1997; 10:18-26. [PMID: 9313386 DOI: 10.1002/art.1790100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships among changes in self-efficacy and changes in other clinically relevant outcome measures. METHOD Subjects (n = 44) were participants in a prospective, randomized stress-management study followed over 15 months. Outcome measures included self-efficacy, depression, pain, health status, and disease activity. RESULTS Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between changes in self-efficacy (particularly total self-efficacy) and changes in selected measures of depression, pain, health status, and disease activity. The observed associations were not due to changes in medication regimen or to nonadherence to the stress-management program. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is provided that induced changes in self-efficacy following a stress-management program were significantly related to other clinically important outcome measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Smarr
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Mouse thyroglobulin (MTg)-sensitized spleen cells activated in vitro with MTg induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in which the thyroid infiltrate consists primarily of mononuclear cells (MNC) (lymphocytic EAT). MTg-sensitized spleen cells cultured with MTg together with anti-IL2R antibody induce a granulomatous form of EAT in which the thyroid is infiltrated by MNC in addition to PMNs, histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. CD4+ T cells are the primary effector cells for both forms of EAT. The presence of specific T cell receptor (TCR) V beta families in the thyroid infiltrate was examined by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of mRNA. At the time of maximal disease severity, cells infiltrating the thyroid expressed primarily V beta 8, V beta 4, V beta 11, and V beta 14 as determined by flow cytometry. RT-PCR confirmed these findings and also detected several additional V beta gene families, including V beta 1, V beta 2, V beta 6, V beta 13, and V beta 15; V beta 3, V beta 10, and V beta 12 were also detected in some, but not all, experiments. There were no differences in the V beta T cell repertoires in thyroids of mice with lymphocytic vs granulomatous EAT. RT-PCR analysis of intrathyroidal MNC 11 days after cell transfer showed TCR V beta mRNA transcripts to be primarily restricted to V beta 4, V beta 11, and V beta 14, whereas the predominant thyroid-infiltrating T cell 21 days after cell transfer was V beta 8+. Depletion of V beta 8+ T cells in recipient mice did not reduce EAT severity. TCR V beta usage shifted predominantly to V beta 4+, V beta 11+, or V beta 14+ T cells of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. These results indicate that multiple V beta TCR are expressed in thyroids of mice with EAT.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- RNA, Messenger
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Thyroglobulin/pharmacology
- Thyroid Gland/cytology
- Thyroid Gland/immunology
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W McMurray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hoffman RW, Sharp GC, Deutscher SL. Analysis of anti-U1 RNA antibodies in patients with connective tissue disease. Association with HLA and clinical manifestations of disease. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38:1837-44. [PMID: 8849357 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780381218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease (CTD) patients and evaluate immunogenetic and clinical features of patients possessing these antibodies. METHODS RNA immunoprecipitation was used to analyze patient and healthy control sera for the presence of anti-R1 RNA antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to determine small nuclear RNP (snRNP) polypeptide antibodies. HLA polymorphisms were determined by microcytotoxicity and DNA typing. RESULTS Anti-U1 RNA IgM and IgG antibodies were found in 60% of anti-RNP positive patients. All of the anti-U1 RNA positive patients had anti-70K, and most had anti-A, (U1)snRNP polypeptide antibodies. HLA-DR2/DR4, as well as Raynaud's phenomenon and synovitis, were significantly increased in the anti-U1 RNA positive group. CONCLUSION The presence of anti-U1 RNA antibodies correlates with anti-70K and anti-A polypeptide antibodies. In addition, the anti-U1 RNA positive CTD patient group is immunogenetically and clinically distinctive from the anti-U1 RNA negative patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hoffman RW, Sharp GC. Is anti-U1-RNP autoantibody positive connective tissue disease genetically distinct? J Rheumatol 1995; 22:586-9. [PMID: 7791147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- S E Walker
- Rheumatology Section, Harry S. Trauman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Holyst MM, Hill DL, Sharp GC, Hoffman RW. Increased frequency of mutations in the hprt gene of T cells isolated from patients with anti-U1-70kD-autoantibody-positive connective tissue disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1994; 105:234-7. [PMID: 7920025 DOI: 10.1159/000236762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is characterized by the presence of high titers of anti-U1-70kD autoantibodies which are the result of substantial B cell activation. The hprt gene encodes the constitutively expressed enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase which is active in the purine salvage pathway. Rapidly dividing cells randomly accumulate gene mutations, including mutations in the hprt gene. These mutations may be used to identify activated cells. If activated T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of MCTD, an increased frequency of mutations in the hprt gene might be expected among T cells isolated from such patients. To examine this hypothesis, we isolated and cloned T cells from 10 anti-U1-70kD-autoantibody-positive MCTD patients and determined the precursor frequencies of cells possessing mutations in hprt by comparing the frequency of cells grown in the presence and absence of the purine analogue 6-thioguanine. We found that the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant hprt-negative T cells was significantly increased among MCTD patients (mean 566/10(6); range 122-2,845/10(6)) versus age- and sex-matched controls (mean 42/10(6); range 21-78/10(6); p < 0.003). These results demonstrate that there is an increase in the measured mutant frequency of T cells from MCTD patients. Such T cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Holyst
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Luger AM, Komathireddy G, Walker RE, Pandey JP, Hoffman RW. Molecular and serologic analysis of HLA genes and immunoglobulin allotypes in IgA nephropathy. Autoimmunity 1994; 19:1-5. [PMID: 7749037 DOI: 10.3109/08916939409008002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied a large North American Caucasian population of patients with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy for polymorphisms of HLA-A,B,C, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and HLA-DP using a combination of serologic phenotyping and polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) hybridization genotyping. We also examined patients for polymorphisms of immunoglobulin by determining Gm and Km allotypes. When compared to healthy local controls there was an apparent decrease in HLA-DR5 (DRw11, DRw12) suggesting that this allele had a protective effect on disease susceptibility. None of the previously reported HLA-DQ associations found among Japanese or british Caucasian patients were found among this large North American Caucasian population. The HLA-DPB1*0601 genotype was increased among patients, but this was not significant when corrected for multiple comparisons. There were no differences in the distribution of Gm or Km allotypes among patients versus controls, regardless of whether they were stratified into those with progressive or non-progressive renal disease. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is substantial genetics heterogeneity in susceptibility to IgA nephropathy among different ethnic and/or geographically distinct populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Luger
- Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hoffman RW, Takeda Y, Sharp GC, Lee DR, Hill DL, Kaneoka H, Caldwell CW. Human T cell clones reactive against U-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigens from connective tissue disease patients and healthy individuals. J Immunol 1993; 151:6460-9. [PMID: 8245479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SLE and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are characterized by the presence of high titers of autoantibodies against uridine-rich RNA-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) Ag. Because the presence of such snRNP-reactive autoantibodies has recently been shown to be associated with polymorphisms of HLA, this study was undertaken to determine whether snRNP-reactive T cells could be identified and characterized from patients. PBMC were stimulated with affinity-purified snRNP Ag and cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of rIL-2 and rIL-4, snRNP-reactive human T cell clones were generated from three patients and two healthy blood donors who possessed disease-associated HLA genotypes. The cell surface phenotype of clones determined by flow cytometry was CD3+, CD4+, CD45RO+, TCR V alpha beta+. TCR V beta analysis, performed using V beta-specific primers and polymerase chain reaction, revealed that the T cell lines generated were clonal; a limited number of TCR V beta genes were expressed among the clones tested. All clones tested by mAb blocking of Ag-induced proliferation were restricted by HLA-DR. Several T cell clones were identified that were specific for B'/B or D polypeptides. These results demonstrate that snRNP-reactive T cells can be isolated from SLE and MCTD patients in vitro, and that Ag-driven expansion of such T cells could play a role in the immunopathogenesis of these diseases in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hoffman RW, Takeda Y, Sharp GC, Lee DR, Hill DL, Kaneoka H, Caldwell CW. Human T cell clones reactive against U-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein autoantigens from connective tissue disease patients and healthy individuals. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SLE and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are characterized by the presence of high titers of autoantibodies against uridine-rich RNA-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) Ag. Because the presence of such snRNP-reactive autoantibodies has recently been shown to be associated with polymorphisms of HLA, this study was undertaken to determine whether snRNP-reactive T cells could be identified and characterized from patients. PBMC were stimulated with affinity-purified snRNP Ag and cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of rIL-2 and rIL-4, snRNP-reactive human T cell clones were generated from three patients and two healthy blood donors who possessed disease-associated HLA genotypes. The cell surface phenotype of clones determined by flow cytometry was CD3+, CD4+, CD45RO+, TCR V alpha beta+. TCR V beta analysis, performed using V beta-specific primers and polymerase chain reaction, revealed that the T cell lines generated were clonal; a limited number of TCR V beta genes were expressed among the clones tested. All clones tested by mAb blocking of Ag-induced proliferation were restricted by HLA-DR. Several T cell clones were identified that were specific for B'/B or D polypeptides. These results demonstrate that snRNP-reactive T cells can be isolated from SLE and MCTD patients in vitro, and that Ag-driven expansion of such T cells could play a role in the immunopathogenesis of these diseases in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | - Y Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | - G C Sharp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | - D R Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | - D L Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | - H Kaneoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | - C W Caldwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hoffman RW, Cassidy JT, Takeda Y, Smith-Jones EI, Wang GS, Sharp GC. U1-70-kd autoantibody-positive mixed connective tissue disease in children. A longitudinal clinical and serologic analysis. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36:1599-602. [PMID: 8240436 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780361115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain longitudinal data on the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic features of children with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). METHODS Eleven children with MCTD were followed up for a mean of 9.8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to analyze sera for autoantibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides. HLA types were determined in 9 patients, by microcytotoxicity and DNA typing. RESULTS All 11 children had anti-U1-70-kd auto-antibodies. Six of 9 were positive for HLA-DR2, 4 of 9 for HLA-DR4, and 9 of 9 for either HLA-DR2 or DR4. Outcomes were favorable with no functional impairment in 8 of the 11 children and were poor in 3. CONCLUSION The frequency of HLA-DR2/DR4 is increased among children with anti-U1-70-kd autoantibody positive MCTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Takeda Y, Wise KS, Hoffman RW. Nucleotide sequences of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain V-regions from a monoclonal autoantibody specific for a unique set of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:4099. [PMID: 1387203 PMCID: PMC334101 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.15.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Takeda
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hsu KC, Hill DL, Hoffman RW. HLA-DPB1*0401 is associated with the presence of autoantibodies reactive with the U1-70 kD polypeptide antigen of U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein among connective tissue disease patients. Tissue Antigens 1992; 39:272-5. [PMID: 1412413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|