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Albert A, André M, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Aublin J, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martít J, Basa S, Belhorma B, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Boumaaza J, Bourret S, Bouwhuis MC, Brânzaş H, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chabab M, Moursli RCE, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho JAB, Coleiro A, Colomer M, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Díaz AF, Deschamps A, Distefano C, Palma ID, Domi A, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, Bojaddaini IE, Khayati NE, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Ettahiri A, Fassi F, Felis I, Fermani P, Ferrara G, Fusco LA, Gay P, Glotin H, Grégoire T, Ruiz RG, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer AJ, Hello Y, Hernández-Rey JJ, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Illuminati G, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Khan-Chowdhury NR, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Levi G, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora JA, Mele R, Melis K, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Navas S, Nezri E, Nuñez A, Organokov M, Păvălaş GE, Pellegrino C, Piattelli P, Popa V, Pradier T, Quinn L, Racca C, Randazzo N, Riccobene G, Sánchez-Losa A, Saldaña M, Salvadori I, Samtleben DFE, Sanguineti M, Sapienza P, Schüssler F, Spurio M, Stolarczyk T, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Trovato A, Vallage B, Van Elewyck V, Versari F, Vivolo D, Wilms J, Zaborov D, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J. The cosmic ray shadow of the Moon observed with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2018; 78:1006. [PMID: 30872956 PMCID: PMC6383875 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main objectives of the ANTARES telescope is the search for point-like neutrino sources. Both the pointing accuracy and the angular resolution of the detector are important in this context and a reliable way to evaluate this performance is needed. In order to measure the pointing accuracy of the detector, one possibility is to study the shadow of the Moon, i.e. the deficit of the atmospheric muon flux from the direction of the Moon induced by the absorption of cosmic rays. Analysing the data taken between 2007 and 2016, the Moon shadow is observed with 3.5 σ statistical significance. The detector angular resolution for downward-going muons is 0 . 73 ∘ ± 0 . 14 ∘ . The resulting pointing performance is consistent with the expectations. An independent check of the telescope pointing accuracy is realised with the data collected by a shower array detector onboard of a ship temporarily moving around the ANTARES location.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Albert
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia, Rambla Exposició, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Anghinolfi
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G. Anton
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Ardid
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - J. -J. Aubert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. Aublin
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - T. Avgitas
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - B. Baret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J. Barrios-Martít
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Basa
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - B. Belhorma
- National Center for Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, B.P.1382, 10001 Rabat, Morocco
| | - V. Bertin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Biagi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Bormuth
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Boumaaza
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - S. Bourret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - H. Brânzaş
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Bruijn
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Brunner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. Busto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Capone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Caramete
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - J. Carr
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Celli
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 00167 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - M. Chabab
- LPHEA, Faculty of Science, Semlali, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O.B. 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - R. Cherkaoui El Moursli
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - T. Chiarusi
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Circella
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. Coleiro
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Colomer
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Coniglione
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - H. Costantini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - P. Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Creusot
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. F. Díaz
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Deschamps
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - C. Distefano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - I. Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Domi
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C. Donzaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D. Dornic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Drouhin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - T. Eberl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. El Bojaddaini
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - N. El Khayati
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - D. Elsässer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Enzenhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Ettahiri
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - F. Fassi
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - I. Felis
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - P. Fermani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Ferrara
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - L. A. Fusco
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Gay
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H. Glotin
- LIS, UMR Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, 83041 Toulon, France
| | - T. Grégoire
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Gracia Ruiz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - K. Graf
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Hallmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H. van Haren
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
| | | | - Y. Hello
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J. J. Hernández-Rey
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Hößl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Hofestädt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Illuminati
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Jongen
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - O. Kalekin
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N. R. Khan-Chowdhury
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Kouchner
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Kreter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Kreykenbohm
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - V. Kulikovskiy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Lachaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Lahmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Lefèvre
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France
- Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - E. Leonora
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G. Levi
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Lotze
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Loucatos
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Marcelin
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Margiotta
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Marinelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. A. Martínez-Mora
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - R. Mele
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K. Melis
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Migliozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Moussa
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - S. Navas
- Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos & C.A.F.P.E., University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - E. Nezri
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Nuñez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - M. Organokov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G. E. Păvălaş
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C. Pellegrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Piattelli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - V. Popa
- Institute of Space Science, RO-077125 Măgurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - T. Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L. Quinn
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C. Racca
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace - Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - N. Randazzo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G. Riccobene
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - M. Saldaña
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - I. Salvadori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. F. E. Samtleben
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sanguineti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P. Sapienza
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F. Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Spurio
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Th. Stolarczyk
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Taiuti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Y. Tayalati
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - A. Trovato
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - B. Vallage
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V. Van Elewyck
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F. Versari
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Vivolo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - D. Zaborov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. D. Zornoza
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Zúñiga
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC, Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Albert A, André M, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martí J, Basa S, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Bourret S, Bouwhuis M, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho J, Coleiro A, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Deschamps A, De Bonis G, Distefano C, Di Palma I, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, El Bojaddaini I, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Felis I, Fusco L, Galatà S, Gay P, Giordano V, Glotin H, Grégoire T, Gracia Ruiz R, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer A, Hello Y, Hernández-Rey J, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Hugon C, Illuminati G, James C, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Kießling D, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora J, Mathieu A, Mele R, Melis K, Michael T, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Nezri E, Păvălaş G, Pellegrino C, 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Nissanke S, Nitz A, Noack A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin M, Nuttall L, Oberling J, Ochsner E, Tayalati Y, Oelker E, Ogin G, Oh J, Oh S, Ohme F, Oliver M, Oppermann P, Oram RJ, O’Reilly B, O’Shaughnessy R, Trovato A, Ottaway D, Overmier H, Owen B, Pace A, Page J, Pai A, Pai S, Palamos J, Palashov O, Palomba C, Turpin D, Pal-Singh A, Pan H, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant B, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa M, Paris H, Parker W, Tönnis C, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patricelli B, Pearlstone B, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pekowsky L, Pele A, Vallage B, Penn S, Perez C, Perreca A, Perri L, Pfeiffer H, Phelps M, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Vallée C, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto I, Pitkin M, Poe M, Poggiani R, Popolizio P, Post A, Powell J, Prasad J, Van Elewyck V, Pratt J, Predoi V, Prestegard T, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prodi G, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Versari F, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Qin J, Qiu S, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quitzow-James R, Raab F, Rabeling D, Vivolo D, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajan C, Rakhmanov M, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Read J, Vizzoca A, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze D, Rew H, Reyes S, Rhoades E, Ricci F, Riles K, Rizzo M, Wilms J, Robertson N, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Rollins J, Roma V, Romano R, Romie J, Rosińska D, Zornoza J, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadeghian L, Sakellariadou M, Salconi L, Saleem M, Zúñiga J, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sampson L, Sanchez E, Sandberg V, Sanders J, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash B, Saulson P, Aartsen M, Sauter O, Savage R, Sawadsky A, Schale P, Scheuer J, Schmidt E, Schmidt J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Ackermann M, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz B, Schwalbe S, Scott J, Scott S, Sellers D, Sengupta A, Sentenac D, Adams J, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Setyawati Y, Shaddock D, Shaffer T, Shahriar M, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Sheperd A, Shoemaker D, Aguilar J, 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M, van den Brand J, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde D, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen J, van Veggel A, Vardaro M, Archinger M, Varma V, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch P, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Argüelles C, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets A, Vinciguerra S, Vine D, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Auffenberg J, Voss D, Vousden W, Vyatchanin S, Wade A, Wade L, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang G, Axani S, Wang H, Wang M, Wang Y, Ward R, Warner J, Was M, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Bagherpour H, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Wen L, Weßels P, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan J, Whiting B, Whittle C, Williams D, Bai X, Williams R, Williamson A, Willis J, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkler W, Wipf C, Wittel H, Woan G, Woehler J, Barwick S, Worden J, Wright J, Wu D, Wu G, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey C, Yap M, Yu H, Yu H, Baum V, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zangrando L, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Bay R, Zhao 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Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan B, Wickmann S, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Wille L, Williams D, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood T, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Xu D, Xu X, Xu Y, Yanez J, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zoll M, Abbott B, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy M, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari R, Adya V, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin P, Ananyeva A, Anderson S, Anderson W, Appert S, Arai K, Araya M, Areeda J, Arnaud N, Arun K, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston S, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader M, Baker P, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Barayoga J, Barclay S, Barish B, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch J, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Beer C, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Belgin M, Bell A, Berger B, Bergmann G, Berry C, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko I, Billingsley G, Billman C, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard M, Blackburn J, Blackman J, Blair C, Blair D, Blair R, Bloemen S, Bock O, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bohe A, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom B, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady P, Braginsky V, Branchesi M, Brau J, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Broida J, Brooks A, Brown D, Brown D, Brown N, Brunett S, Buchanan C, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten H, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer R, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp J, Canepa M, Cannon K, Cao H, Cao J, Capano C, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cerboni Baiardi L, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chamberlin S, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Cheeseboro B, Chen H, Chen Y, Cheng HP, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Chmiel T, Cho H, Cho M, Chow J, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua A, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark J, Cleva F, Cocchieri C, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper S, Corbitt T, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa C, Coughlin M, Coughlin S, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Covas P, Cowan E, Coward D, Cowart M, Coyne D, Coyne R, Creighton J, Creighton T, Cripe J, Crowder S, Cullen T, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dal Canton T, Danilishin S, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dasgupta A, Da Silva Costa C, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies G, Davis D, Daw E, Day B, Day R, De S, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Devine R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Di Fiore L, Di Giovanni M, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Doctor Z, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley K, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Douglas R, Dovale Álvarez M, Downes T, Drago M, 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Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov E, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim W, Kim W, Kim YM, Kimbrell S, King E, King P, Kirchhoff R, Kissel J, Klein B, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koch P, Koehlenbeck S, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Korobko M, Korth W, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Krämer C, Kringel V, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey B, Landry M, Lang R, Lange J, Lantz B, Lanza R, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot E, Lee C, Lee H, Lee H, Lee K, Lehmann J, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong J, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Li T, Libson A, Littenberg T, Liu J, Lockerbie N, Lombardi A, London L, Lord J, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lundgren A, Lynch R, Ma Y, Macfoy S, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod D, Magaña-Sandoval F, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell G, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin I, Martynov D, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger T, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, McCarthy R, McClelland D, McCormick S, McGrath C, McGuire S, McIntyre G. Search for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational wave event GW151226 and candidate LVT151012 with ANTARES and IceCube. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.022005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Albert A, André M, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martí J, Basa S, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Bourret S, Bouwhuis MC, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho JAB, Coleiro A, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Deschamps A, De Bonis G, Distefano C, Di Palma I, Domi A, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, El Bojaddaini I, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Felis I, Folger F, Fusco LA, Galatà S, Gay P, Giordano V, Glotin H, Grégoire T, Gracia Ruiz R, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer AJ, Hello Y, Hernández-Rey JJ, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Hugon C, Illuminati G, James CW, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Kießling D, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora JA, Mele R, Melis K, Michael T, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Nezri E, Organokov M, Păvălaş GE, Pellegrino C, Perrina C, Piattelli P, Popa V, Pradier T, Quinn L, Racca C, Riccobene G, Sánchez-Losa A, Saldaña M, Salvadori I, Samtleben DFE, Sanguineti M, Sapienza P, Schüssler F, Sieger C, Spurio M, Stolarczyk T, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Trovato A, Turpin D, Tönnis C, Vallage B, Van Elewyck V, Versari F, Vivolo D, Vizzoca A, Wilms J, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J. An algorithm for the reconstruction of high-energy neutrino-induced particle showers and its application to the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:419. [PMID: 28775667 PMCID: PMC5512345 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel algorithm to reconstruct neutrino-induced particle showers within the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. The method achieves a median angular resolution of [Formula: see text] for shower energies below 100 TeV. Applying this algorithm to 6 years of data taken with the ANTARES detector, 8 events with reconstructed shower energies above 10 TeV are observed. This is consistent with the expectation of about 5 events from atmospheric backgrounds, but also compatible with diffuse astrophysical flux measurements by the IceCube collaboration, from which 2-4 additional events are expected. A [Formula: see text] C.L. upper limit on the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux with a value per neutrino flavour of [Formula: see text] is set, applicable to the energy range from 23 TeV to 7.8 PeV, assuming an unbroken [Formula: see text] spectrum and neutrino flavour equipartition at Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Albert
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - M. André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposició, Technical University of Catalonia, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Anghinolfi
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Ardid
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - J.-J. Aubert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T. Avgitas
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - B. Baret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J. Barrios-Martí
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Basa
- LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - V. Bertin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Biagi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Bormuth
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Bourret
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - R. Bruijn
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Brunner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - J. Busto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Capone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Caramete
- Institute for Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - J. Carr
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - S. Celli
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 00167 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - T. Chiarusi
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Circella
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. Coleiro
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Coniglione
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - H. Costantini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - P. Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Creusot
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A. Deschamps
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - G. De Bonis
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Distefano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - I. Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Domi
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - C. Donzaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D. Dornic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Drouhin
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - T. Eberl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. El Bojaddaini
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - D. Elsässer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Enzenhöfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - I. Felis
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - F. Folger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. A. Fusco
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Galatà
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - P. Gay
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V. Giordano
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - H. Glotin
- LSIS, Aix Marseille Université CNRS ENSAM LSIS UMR 7296, 13397 Marseille, France
- Université de Toulon CNRS LSIS UMR 7296, 83957 La Garde, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T. Grégoire
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Gracia Ruiz
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - K. Graf
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Hallmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H. van Haren
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
| | | | - Y. Hello
- Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J. J. Hernández-Rey
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Hößl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Hofestädt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Hugon
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - G. Illuminati
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - C. W. James
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Jongen
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - O. Kalekin
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Kießling
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Kouchner
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Kreter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Kreykenbohm
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - V. Kulikovskiy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Lachaud
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Lahmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Lefèvre
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
- Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - E. Leonora
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M. Lotze
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Loucatos
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Marcelin
- LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Margiotta
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Marinelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. A. Martínez-Mora
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - R. Mele
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - K. Melis
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. Michael
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Migliozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Moussa
- Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - E. Nezri
- LAM, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - M. Organokov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G. E. Păvălaş
- Institute for Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - C. Pellegrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Perrina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Piattelli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - V. Popa
- Institute for Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - T. Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L. Quinn
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C. Racca
- GRPHE, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008 Colmar, France
| | - G. Riccobene
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - M. Saldaña
- Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - I. Salvadori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D. F. E. Samtleben
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sanguineti
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Sapienza
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F. Schüssler
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Sieger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Spurio
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Th. Stolarczyk
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Taiuti
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Y. Tayalati
- University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P. 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - A. Trovato
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D. Turpin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C. Tönnis
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - B. Vallage
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière, Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V. Van Elewyck
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F. Versari
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Vivolo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Vizzoca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - J. D. Zornoza
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Zúñiga
- IFIC, Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna Valencia, Spain
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4
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André M, Caballé A, van der Schaar M, Solsona A, Houégnigan L, Zaugg S, Sánchez AM, Castell JV, Solé M, Vila F, Djokic D, Adrián-Martínez S, Albert A, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martí J, Basa S, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Bouwhuis MC, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coleiro A, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Deschamps A, De Bonis G, Distefano C, Di Palma I, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, El Bojaddaini I, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Fehn K, Felis I, Fusco LA, Galatà S, Gay P, Geißelsöder S, Geyer K, Giordano V, Gleixner A, Glotin H, Gracia-Ruiz R, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer AJ, Hello Y, Hernandez-Rey JJ, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Hugon C, Illuminati G, James CW, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Kießling D, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora JA, Mathieu A, Melis K, Michael T, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Mueller C, Nezri E, Păvălaş GE, Pellegrino C, Perrina C, Piattelli P, Popa V, Pradier T, Racca C, Riccobene G, Roensch K, Saldaña M, Samtleben DFE, Sanguineti M, Sapienza P, Schnabel J, Schüssler F, Seitz T, Sieger C, Spurio M, Stolarczyk T, Sánchez-Losa A, Taiuti M, Trovato A, Tselengidou M, Turpin D, Tönnis C, Vallage B, Vallée C, Van Elewyck V, Vivolo D, Wagner S, Wilms J, Zornoza JD, Zuñiga J. Sperm whale long-range echolocation sounds revealed by ANTARES, a deep-sea neutrino telescope. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45517. [PMID: 28401960 PMCID: PMC5388847 DOI: 10.1038/srep45517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dedicated research has been carried out to adequately map the distribution of the sperm whale in the Mediterranean Sea, unlike other regions of the world, the species population status is still presently uncertain. The analysis of two years of continuous acoustic data provided by the ANTARES neutrino telescope revealed the year-round presence of sperm whales in the Ligurian Sea, probably associated with the availability of cephalopods in the region. The presence of the Ligurian Sea sperm whales was demonstrated through the real-time analysis of audio data streamed from a cabled-to-shore deep-sea observatory that allowed the hourly tracking of their long-range echolocation behaviour on the Internet. Interestingly, the same acoustic analysis indicated that the occurrence of surface shipping noise would apparently not condition the foraging behaviour of the sperm whale in the area, since shipping noise was almost always present when sperm whales were acoustically detected. The continuous presence of the sperm whale in the region confirms the ecological value of the Ligurian sea and the importance of ANTARES to help monitoring its ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M André
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Caballé
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M van der Schaar
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Solsona
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Houégnigan
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Zaugg
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Sánchez
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J V Castell
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Solé
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Vila
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Djokic
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Adrián-Martínez
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) - Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - A Albert
- GRPHE - Université de Haute Alsace - Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit BP 50568 - 68008, Colmar, France
| | - M Anghinolfi
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Anton
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Ardid
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) - Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - J-J Aubert
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - T Avgitas
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - B Baret
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - J Barrios-Martí
- IFIC - Institut de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltran, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Basa
- LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l'Etoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cédex 13, France
| | - V Bertin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Biagi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R Bormuth
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C Bouwhuis
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Bruijn
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Brunner
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - J Busto
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - A Capone
- INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Caramete
- Institute for Space Science, RO-077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - J Carr
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Celli
- INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Chiarusi
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Circella
- INFN - Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Coleiro
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - R Coniglione
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - H Costantini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - P Coyle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - A Creusot
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - A Deschamps
- Geoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - G De Bonis
- INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Distefano
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Donzaud
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France.,Univ. Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Dornic
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - D Drouhin
- GRPHE - Université de Haute Alsace - Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit BP 50568 - 68008, Colmar, France
| | - T Eberl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I El Bojaddaini
- University Mohammed I, Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, B.P.717, Oujda 6000, Morocco
| | - D Elsässer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Wärzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Enzenhöfer
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - K Fehn
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Felis
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) - Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - L A Fusco
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Universita, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Galatà
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - P Gay
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Geißelsöder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Geyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Giordano
- INFN - Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A Gleixner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Glotin
- LSIS, Aix Marseille Université CNRS ENSAM LSIS UMR 7296 13397 Marseille, France.,Université de Toulon CNRS LSIS UMR 7296 83957 La Garde, France.,Institut universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Gracia-Ruiz
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - K Graf
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Hallmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H van Haren
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ 't Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - A J Heijboer
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Hello
- Geoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J J Hernandez-Rey
- IFIC - Institut de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltran, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Hößl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hofestädt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Hugon
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Illuminati
- IFIC - Institut de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltran, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.,INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C W James
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Jongen
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Wärzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - O Kalekin
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kießling
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Kouchner
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France.,LSIS, Aix Marseille Université CNRS ENSAM LSIS UMR 7296 13397 Marseille, France.,Université de Toulon CNRS LSIS UMR 7296 83957 La Garde, France.,Institut universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Kreter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Wärzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Kreykenbohm
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - V Kulikovskiy
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy.,Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - C Lachaud
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - R Lahmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Lefèvre
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288, Marseille, Cédex 9, France.,Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83957 CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, La Garde Cédex, France
| | - E Leonora
- INFN - Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Universita, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - S Loucatos
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France.,Direction des Sciences de la Matière - Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers - Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex, France
| | - M Marcelin
- LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l'Etoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cédex 13, France
| | - A Margiotta
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Universita, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Marinelli
- INFN - Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J A Martínez-Mora
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) - Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - A Mathieu
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - K Melis
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Michael
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Migliozzi
- INFN -Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Moussa
- University Mohammed I, Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, B.P.717, Oujda 6000, Morocco
| | - C Mueller
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Wärzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Nezri
- LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l'Etoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cédex 13, France
| | - G E Păvălaş
- Institute for Space Science, RO-077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - C Pellegrino
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Universita, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Piattelli
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - V Popa
- Institute for Space Science, RO-077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - T Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Racca
- GRPHE - Université de Haute Alsace - Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit BP 50568 - 68008, Colmar, France
| | - G Riccobene
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - K Roensch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Saldaña
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) - Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - D F E Samtleben
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Sanguineti
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Sapienza
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J Schnabel
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière - Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers - Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex, France
| | - T Seitz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Sieger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Spurio
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Universita, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Th Stolarczyk
- Direction des Sciences de la Matière - Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers - Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex, France
| | - A Sánchez-Losa
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy.,INFN - Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Taiuti
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Trovato
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. So a 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - M Tselengidou
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Turpin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - C Tönnis
- IFIC - Institut de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltran, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Vallage
- Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Rambla Exposició, 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain.,Direction des Sciences de la Matière - Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers - Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex, France
| | - C Vallée
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - V Van Elewyck
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - D Vivolo
- INFN -Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia 80126 Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Wagner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - J D Zornoza
- IFIC - Institut de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltran, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Zuñiga
- IFIC - Institut de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/Catedrático José Beltran, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Aartsen M, Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar J, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Arguelles C, Arlen T, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick S, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty J, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson D, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma D, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown A, Bruijn R, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Classen L, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen D, Cruz Silva A, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis J, Day M, de André J, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries K, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez J, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eichmann B, Eisch J, Euler S, Evenson P, Fadiran O, Fazely A, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser T, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez J, Goodman J, Góra D, Grandmont D, Grant D, Gretskov P, Groh J, Groß A, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill G, Hoffman K, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huelsnitz W, Hulth P, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze G, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kauer M, Kelley J, Kiryluk J, Kläs J, Klein S, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen D, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Kriesten A, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson M, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Macías O, Madsen J, Maggi G, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis H, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki S, Nygren D, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Omairat A, O’Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Paul L, Pepper J, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price P, Przybylski G, Quinnan M, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rodrigues J, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba S, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Shanidze R, Sheremata C, Smith M, Soldin D, Spiczak G, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stanisha N, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stößl A, Strahler E, Ström R, Strotjohann N, Sullivan G, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale P, Tobin M, Toscano S, Tselengidou M, Unger E, Usner M, Vallecorsa S, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan B, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Williams D, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood T, Woschnagg K, Xu D, Xu X, Yanez J, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zoll M. Search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos with the IceCube 59-string configuration. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.062007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, Day M, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eichmann B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grandmont DT, Grant D, Groß A, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Shanidze R, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Unger E, Usner M, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zoll M. Evidence for high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos at the IceCube detector. Science 2013; 342:1242856. [PMID: 24264993 DOI: 10.1126/science.1242856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report on results of an all-sky search for high-energy neutrino events interacting within the IceCube neutrino detector conducted between May 2010 and May 2012. The search follows up on the previous detection of two PeV neutrino events, with improved sensitivity and extended energy coverage down to about 30 TeV. Twenty-six additional events were observed, substantially more than expected from atmospheric backgrounds. Combined, both searches reject a purely atmospheric origin for the 28 events at the 4σ level. These 28 events, which include the highest energy neutrinos ever observed, have flavors, directions, and energies inconsistent with those expected from the atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. These properties are, however, consistent with generic predictions for an additional component of extraterrestrial origin.
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7
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, Benzvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grandmont DT, Grant D, Groß A, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Palazzo A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zoll M. Measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillations with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:081801. [PMID: 24010427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the first statistically significant detection of neutrino oscillations in the high-energy regime (>20 GeV) from an analysis of IceCube Neutrino Observatory data collected in 2010 and 2011. This measurement is made possible by the low-energy threshold of the DeepCore detector (~20 GeV) and benefits from the use of the IceCube detector as a veto against cosmic-ray-induced muon background. The oscillation signal was detected within a low-energy muon neutrino sample (20-100 GeV) extracted from data collected by DeepCore. A high-energy muon neutrino sample (100 GeV-10 TeV) was extracted from IceCube data to constrain systematic uncertainties. The disappearance of low-energy upward-going muon neutrinos was observed, and the nonoscillation hypothesis is rejected with more than 5σ significance. In a two-neutrino flavor formalism, our data are best described by the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters |Δm(32)(2)|=(2.3(-0.5)(+0.6))×10(-3) eV(2) and sin(2)(2θ(23))>0.93, and maximum mixing is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, 5005 Australia
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8
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christov A, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Coenders S, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Groß A, Gurtner M, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallen P, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Jagielski K, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Krings K, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Redl P, Reimann R, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soiron M, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zilles A, Zoll M. First observation of PeV-energy neutrinos with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:021103. [PMID: 23889381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.021103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of two neutrino-induced events which have an estimated deposited energy in the IceCube detector of 1.04±0.16 and 1.14±0.17 PeV, respectively, the highest neutrino energies observed so far. These events are consistent with fully contained particle showers induced by neutral-current ν(e,μ,τ) (ν(e,μ,τ)) or charged-current ν(e) (ν(e)) interactions within the IceCube detector. The events were discovered in a search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos using data corresponding to 615.9 days effective live time. The expected number of atmospheric background is 0.082±0.004(stat)(-0.057)(+0.041)(syst). The probability of observing two or more candidate events under the atmospheric background-only hypothesis is 2.9×10(-3) (2.8σ) taking into account the uncertainty on the expected number of background events. These two events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrino flux; the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia 5005, Australia
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9
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beattie K, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Buitink S, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries-Uiterweerd G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dreyer J, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Engdegård O, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Groß A, Gurtner M, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heimann P, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Panknin S, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rawlins K, Redl P, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönherr L, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Seo SH, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soiron M, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zilles A, Zoll M. Measurement of the atmospheric νe flux in IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:151105. [PMID: 25167245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.151105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the atmospheric electron neutrino flux in the energy range between approximately 80 GeV and 6 TeV, using data recorded during the first year of operation of IceCube's DeepCore low-energy extension. Techniques to identify neutrinos interacting within the DeepCore volume and veto muons originating outside the detector are demonstrated. A sample of 1029 events is observed in 281 days of data, of which 496±66(stat)±88(syst) are estimated to be cascade events, including both electron neutrino and neutral current events. The rest of the sample includes residual backgrounds due to atmospheric muons and charged current interactions of atmospheric muon neutrinos. The flux of the atmospheric electron neutrinos is consistent with models of atmospheric neutrinos in this energy range. This constitutes the first observation of electron neutrinos and neutral current interactions in a very large volume neutrino telescope optimized for the TeV energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Abbasi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Abdou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Altmann
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Auffenberg
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X Bai
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Baker
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Beattie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA and Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Bechet
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bell
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | | | - D Bertrand
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Blumenthal
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D J Boersma
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Bohaichuk
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Bose
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Böser
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - R Bruijn
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Carson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J Casey
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Christy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - F Clevermann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Cohen
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - M Danninger
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Daughhetee
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J C Davis
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Dreyer
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Eagan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Eisch
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - O Engdegård
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Euler
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - O Fadiran
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Feusels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fischer-Wasels
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Franckowiak
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - K Frantzen
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Góra
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - A Groß
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Gurtner
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Heimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heinen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G C Hill
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Homeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Huelsnitz
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P O Hulth
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hussain
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Jacobsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - O Jlelati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - A Kappes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - J Kläs
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-H Köhne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Krasberg
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Kroll
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Labare
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Leute
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Lünemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Merck
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Mészáros
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - N Milke
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Miller
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Obertacke
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Olivo
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Panknin
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Paul
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pfendner
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Pirk
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Posselt
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E Resconi
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Ribordy
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Ruzybayev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - S M Saba
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Salameh
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H-G Sander
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - K Schatto
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Scheel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Scheriau
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Schmitz
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Schönherr
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Schukraft
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Schulte
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Schulz
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S H Seo
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Sestayo
- T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - C Sheremata
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - M W E Smith
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Soiron
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Stasik
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E A Strahler
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Tamburro
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Toscano
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Usner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D van der Drift
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Van Overloop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J van Santen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Waldenmaier
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Wasserman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Wellons
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Wissing
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Xu
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - J Ziemann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Zierke
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zilles
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Altmann D, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beattie K, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, Bell M, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohaichuk S, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Brayeur L, Brown AM, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Buitink S, Carson M, Casey J, Casier M, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clark K, Clevermann F, Cohen S, Cowen DF, Cruz Silva AH, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries-Uiterweerd G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dreyer J, Dunkman M, Eagan R, Eberhardt B, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Engdegård O, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feintzeig J, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Frantzen K, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Goodman JA, Góra D, Grant D, Groß A, Gurtner M, Ha C, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Heereman D, Heimann P, Heinen D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Huelsnitz W, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Jero K, Jlelati O, Kaminsky B, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Kläs J, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krasberg M, Kroll G, Kunnen J, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leute J, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, McNally F, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Miarecki S, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Morse R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke A, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Paul L, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pfendner C, Pieloth D, Pirk N, Posselt J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rädel L, Rawlins K, Redl P, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richman M, Riedel B, Rodrigues JP, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Saba SM, Salameh T, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Scheel M, Scheriau F, Schmidt T, Schmitz M, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schönherr L, Schönwald A, Schukraft A, Schulte L, Schulz O, Seckel D, Seo SH, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Sheremata C, Smith MWE, Soiron M, Soldin D, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strahler EA, Ström R, Sullivan GW, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Usner M, van der Drift D, van Eijndhoven N, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Wasserman R, Weaver C, Wellons M, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wissing H, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu DL, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P, Ziemann J, Zierke S, Zilles A, Zoll M. Search for dark matter annihilations in the sun with the 79-string IceCube detector. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:131302. [PMID: 23581307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a search for muon neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the center of the Sun with the 79-string configuration of the IceCube neutrino telescope. For the first time, the DeepCore subarray is included in the analysis, lowering the energy threshold and extending the search to the austral summer. The 317 days of data collected between June 2010 and May 2011 are consistent with the expected background from atmospheric muons and neutrinos. Upper limits are set on the dark matter annihilation rate, with conversions to limits on spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross sections of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) on protons, for WIMP masses in the range 20-5000 GeV/c2. These are the most stringent spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section limits to date above 35 GeV/c2 for most WIMP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Albuquerque IFM, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almeda A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Antičić T, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Bardenet R, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bäuml J, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Cheng SH, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chirinos Diaz J, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, del Peral L, del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Fajardo Tapia I, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Gaior R, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gascon A, Gemmeke H, Gesterling K, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Gookin B, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guzman A, Hague JD, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harrison TA, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jarne C, Jiraskova S, Josebachuili M, Kadija K, Kampert KH, Karhan P, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapp J, Koang DH, Kotera K, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz JK, Kunka N, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lauer R, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin J, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Mertsch P, Meurer C, Mićanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Mueller S, Muller MA, Müller G, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nhung PT, Niemietz L, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nožka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parra A, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Phan N, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivera H, Rizi V, Roberts J, Robledo C, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Rühle C, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt A, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovancova J, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schulte S, Schuster D, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Silva Lopez HH, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Stanic S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Suša T, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Tamashiro A, Tapia A, Tartare M, Taşcău O, Tavera Ruiz CG, Tcaciuc R, Tegolo D, Thao NT, Thomas D, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tiwari DK, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Walz D, Warner D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wommer M, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhu Y, Zimbres Silva M, Ziolkowski M. Measurement of the proton-air cross section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:062002. [PMID: 23006259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.062002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of [505±22(stat)(-36)(+28)(syst)] mb is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abreu
- LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anticić T, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arisaka K, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Colombo E, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Delle Fratte C, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Duvernois MA, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fulgione W, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Goggin LM, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hague JD, Halenka V, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jiraskova S, Kadija K, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz K, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lautridou P, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McEwen M, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Meurer C, Micanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Mueller S, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nhung PT, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Oliva P, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Parra A, Parrisius J, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Redondo A, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivière C, Rizi V, 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Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10{18} eV. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:091101. [PMID: 20366976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X{max}, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10;{18} eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106{-21}{+35}) g/cm{2}/decade below 10{18.24+/-0.05} eV, and (24+/-3) g/cm{2}/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm{2}. The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
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