1
|
Suryawanshi RK, Taha TY, McCavitt-Malvido M, Silva I, Khalid MM, Syed AM, Chen IP, Saldhi P, Sreekumar B, Montano M, Foresythe K, Tabata T, Kumar GR, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Gliwa A, Nguyen J, Kojima N, Arellanor T, Bussanich A, Hess V, Shacreaw M, Lopez L, Brobeck M, Turner F, Wang Y, Ghazarian S, Davis G, Rodriguez D, Doudna J, Spraggon L, Chiu CY, Ott M. Previous exposure to Spike-providing parental strains confers neutralizing immunity to XBB lineage and other SARS-CoV-2 recombinants in the context of vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2270071. [PMID: 37869789 PMCID: PMC10619466 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2270071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 recombinants is of particular concern as they can result in a sudden increase in immune evasion due to antigenic shift. Recent recombinants XBB and XBB.1.5 have higher transmissibility than previous recombinants such as "Deltacron." We hypothesized that immunity to a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant depends on prior exposure to its parental strains. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether Delta or Omicron (BA.1 or BA.2) immunity conferred through infection, vaccination, or breakthrough infection could neutralize Deltacron and XBB/XBB.1.5 recombinants. We found that Delta, BA.1, or BA.2 breakthrough infections provided better immune protection against Deltacron and its parental strains than did the vaccine booster. None of the sera were effective at neutralizing the XBB lineage or its parent BA.2.75.2, except for the sera from the BA.2 breakthrough group. These results support our hypothesis. In turn, our findings underscore the importance of multivalent vaccines that correspond to the antigenic profile of circulating variants of concern and of variant-specific diagnostics that may guide public health and individual decisions in response to emerging SARS-CoV-2 recombinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdullah M. Syed
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irene P. Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Saldhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kafaya Foresythe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Gliwa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer Doudna
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma T, Suryawanshi RK, Miller SR, Ly KK, Thomas R, Elphick N, Yin K, Luo X, Kaliss N, Chen IP, Montano M, Sreekumar B, Standker L, Münch J, Heath Damron F, Palop JJ, Ott M, Roan NR. Post-acute immunological and behavioral sequelae in mice after Omicron infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.05.543758. [PMID: 37333294 PMCID: PMC10274741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Progress in understanding long COVID and developing effective therapeutics is hampered in part by the lack of suitable animal models. Here we used ACE2-transgenic mice recovered from Omicron (BA.1) infection to test for pulmonary and behavioral post-acute sequelae. Through in-depth phenotyping by CyTOF, we demonstrate that naïve mice experiencing a first Omicron infection exhibit profound immune perturbations in the lung after resolving acute infection. This is not observed if mice were first vaccinated with spike-encoding mRNA. The protective effects of vaccination against post-acute sequelae were associated with a highly polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response that was recalled upon BA.1 breakthrough infection but not seen with BA.1 infection alone. Without vaccination, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 was uniquely upregulated on multiple pulmonary immune subsets in the BA.1 convalescent mice, a process previously connected to severe COVID-19. Taking advantage of recent developments in machine learning and computer vision, we demonstrate that BA.1 convalescent mice exhibited spontaneous behavioral changes, emotional alterations, and cognitive-related deficits in context habituation. Collectively, our data identify immunological and behavioral post-acute sequelae after Omicron infection and uncover a protective effect of vaccination against post-acute pulmonary immune perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongcui Ma
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Stephanie R. Miller
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katie K. Ly
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Elphick
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kailin Yin
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nick Kaliss
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Irene P Chen
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Ludger Standker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Ulm, Germany
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV, USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Upadhyay V, Suryawanshi RK, Tasoff P, McCavitt-Malvido M, Kumar RG, Murray VW, Noecker C, Bisanz JE, Hswen Y, Ha CWY, Sreekumar B, Chen IP, Lynch SV, Ott M, Lee S, Turnbaugh PJ. Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection results in long-lasting microbiota instability. mBio 2023; 14:e0088923. [PMID: 37294090 PMCID: PMC10470529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00889-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses targeting mammalian cells can indirectly alter the gut microbiota, potentially compounding their phenotypic effects. Multiple studies have observed a disrupted gut microbiota in severe cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that require hospitalization. Yet, despite demographic shifts in disease severity resulting in a large and continuing burden of non-hospitalized infections, we still know very little about the impact of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota in the outpatient setting. To address this knowledge gap, we longitudinally sampled 14 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects who remained outpatient and 4 household controls. SARS-CoV-2 cases exhibited a significantly less stable gut microbiota relative to controls. These results were confirmed and extended in the K18-humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mouse model, which is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. All of the tested SARS-CoV-2 variants significantly disrupted the mouse gut microbiota, including USA-WA1/2020 (the original variant detected in the USA), Delta, and Omicron. Surprisingly, despite the fact that the Omicron variant caused the least severe symptoms in mice, it destabilized the gut microbiota and led to a significant depletion in Akkermansia muciniphila. Furthermore, exposure of wild-type C57BL/6J mice to SARS-CoV-2 disrupted the gut microbiota in the absence of severe lung pathology. IMPORTANCE Taken together, our results demonstrate that even mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 can disrupt gut microbial ecology. Our findings in non-hospitalized individuals are consistent with studies of hospitalized patients, in that reproducible shifts in gut microbial taxonomic abundance in response to SARS-CoV-2 have been difficult to identify. Instead, we report a long-lasting instability in the gut microbiota. Surprisingly, our mouse experiments revealed an impact of the Omicron variant, despite producing the least severe symptoms in genetically susceptible mice, suggesting that despite the continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2, it has retained its ability to perturb the intestinal mucosa. These results will hopefully renew efforts to study the mechanisms through which Omicron and future SARS-CoV-2 variants alter gastrointestinal physiology, while also considering the potentially broad consequences of SARS-CoV-2-induced microbiota instability for host health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Preston Tasoff
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Victoria Wong Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cecilia Noecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jordan E. Bisanz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yulin Hswen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Bakar Computational Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Connie W. Y. Ha
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Irene P. Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sulggi Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter J. Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taha TY, Suryawanshi RK, Chen IP, Correy GJ, McCavitt-Malvido M, O’Leary PC, Jogalekar MP, Diolaiti ME, Kimmerly GR, Tsou CL, Gascon R, Montano M, Martinez-Sobrido L, Krogan NJ, Ashworth A, Fraser JS, Ott M. A single inactivating amino acid change in the SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 domain attenuates viral replication in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011614. [PMID: 37651466 PMCID: PMC10499221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite unprecedented efforts, our therapeutic arsenal against SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. The conserved macrodomain 1 (Mac1) in NSP3 is an enzyme exhibiting ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity and a possible drug target. To determine the role of Mac1 catalytic activity in viral replication, we generated recombinant viruses and replicons encoding a catalytically inactive NSP3 Mac1 domain by mutating a critical asparagine in the active site. While substitution to alanine (N40A) reduced catalytic activity by ~10-fold, mutations to aspartic acid (N40D) reduced activity by ~100-fold relative to wild-type. Importantly, the N40A mutation rendered Mac1 unstable in vitro and lowered expression levels in bacterial and mammalian cells. When incorporated into SARS-CoV-2 molecular clones, the N40D mutant only modestly affected viral fitness in immortalized cell lines, but reduced viral replication in human airway organoids by 10-fold. In mice, the N40D mutant replicated at >1000-fold lower levels compared to the wild-type virus while inducing a robust interferon response; all animals infected with the mutant virus survived infection. Our data validate the critical role of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 catalytic activity in viral replication and as a promising therapeutic target to develop antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Y. Taha
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rahul K. Suryawanshi
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Irene P. Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Galen J. Correy
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maria McCavitt-Malvido
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. O’Leary
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Morgan E. Diolaiti
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriella R. Kimmerly
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chia-Lin Tsou
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ronnie Gascon
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Montano
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James S. Fraser
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI) COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bajaj T, Wehri E, Suryawanshi RK, King E, Pardeshi KS, Behrouzi K, Khodabakhshi Z, Schulze-Gahmen U, Kumar GR, Mofrad MRK, Nomura DK, Ott M, Schaletzky J, Murthy N. Mercapto-pyrimidines are reversible covalent inhibitors of the papain-like protease (PLpro) and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2) replication. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17667-17677. [PMID: 37312993 PMCID: PMC10259201 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The papain-like protease (PLpro) plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2) pathogenesis and is essential for viral replication and for allowing the virus to evade the host immune response. Inhibitors of PLpro have great therapeutic potential, however, developing them has been challenging due to PLpro's restricted substrate binding pocket. In this report, we screened a 115 000-compound library for PLpro inhibitors and identified a new pharmacophore, based on a mercapto-pyrimidine fragment that is a reversible covalent inhibitor (RCI) of PLpro and inhibits viral replication in cells. Compound 5 had an IC50 of 5.1 μM for PLpro inhibition and hit optimization yielded a derivative with increased potency (IC50 0.85 μM, 6-fold higher). Activity based profiling of compound 5 demonstrated that it reacts with PLpro cysteines. We show here that compound 5 represents a new class of RCIs, which undergo an addition elimination reaction with cysteines in their target proteins. We further show that their reversibility is catalyzed by exogenous thiols and is dependent on the size of the incoming thiol. In contrast, traditional RCIs are all based upon the Michael addition reaction mechanism and their reversibility is base-catalyzed. We identify a new class of RCIs that introduces a more reactive warhead with a pronounced selectivity profile based on thiol ligand size. This could allow the expansion of RCI modality use towards a larger group of proteins important for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Bajaj
- Graduate Program of Comparative Biochemistry, University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Eddie Wehri
- The Henry Wheeler Center of Emerging and Neglected Diseases 344 Li Ka Shing Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Elizabeth King
- Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Kamyar Behrouzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | | | | | - G Renuka Kumar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco CA USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco CA USA
| | - Julia Schaletzky
- The Henry Wheeler Center of Emerging and Neglected Diseases 344 Li Ka Shing Berkeley CA USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taha TY, Suryawanshi RK, Chen IP, Correy GJ, O'Leary PC, Jogalekar MP, McCavitt-Malvido M, Diolaiti ME, Kimmerly GR, Tsou CL, Martinez-Sobrido L, Krogan NJ, Ashworth A, Fraser JS, Ott M. A single inactivating amino acid change in the SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 domain attenuates viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.18.537104. [PMID: 37131711 PMCID: PMC10153184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite unprecedented efforts, our therapeutic arsenal against SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. The conserved macrodomain 1 (Mac1) in NSP3 is an enzyme exhibiting ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity and a possible drug target. To determine the therapeutic potential of Mac1 inhibition, we generated recombinant viruses and replicons encoding a catalytically inactive NSP3 Mac1 domain by mutating a critical asparagine in the active site. While substitution to alanine (N40A) reduced catalytic activity by ~10-fold, mutations to aspartic acid (N40D) reduced activity by ~100-fold relative to wildtype. Importantly, the N40A mutation rendered Mac1 unstable in vitro and lowered expression levels in bacterial and mammalian cells. When incorporated into SARS-CoV-2 molecular clones, the N40D mutant only modestly affected viral fitness in immortalized cell lines, but reduced viral replication in human airway organoids by 10-fold. In mice, N40D replicated at >1000-fold lower levels compared to the wildtype virus while inducing a robust interferon response; all animals infected with the mutant virus survived infection and showed no signs of lung pathology. Our data validate the SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 domain as a critical viral pathogenesis factor and a promising target to develop antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Y Taha
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Irene P Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Galen J Correy
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nevan J Krogan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Alan Ashworth
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James S Fraser
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Agelidis A, Koganti R, Yadavalli T, Ames JM, Borase H, Shukla D. Pathophysiology of reinfection by exogenous HSV-1 is driven by heparanase dysfunction. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf3977. [PMID: 37115924 PMCID: PMC10146881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Limited knowledge exists on exogenous DNA virus reinfections. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a prototype DNA virus, causes multiple human diseases including vision-threatening eye infections. While reinfection with an exogenous HSV-1 strain is considered plausible, little is known about the underlying mechanisms governing its pathophysiology in a host. Heparanase (HPSE), a host endoglycosidase, when up-regulated by HSV-1 infection dictates local inflammatory response by destabilizing tissue architecture. Here, we demonstrate that HSV-1 reinfection in mice causes notable pathophysiology in wild-type controls compared to the animals lacking HPSE. The endoglycosidase promotes infected cell survival and supports a pro-disease environment. In contrast, lack of HPSE strengthens intrinsic immunity by promoting cytokine expression, inducing necroptosis of infected cells, and decreasing leukocyte infiltration into the cornea. Collectively, we report that immunity from a recent prior infection fails to abolish disease manifestation during HSV-1 reinfection unless HPSE is rendered inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K. Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar D. Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Agelidis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joshua M. Ames
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hemant Borase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taha TY, Chen IP, Hayashi JM, Tabata T, Walcott K, Kimmerly GR, Syed AM, Ciling A, Suryawanshi RK, Martin HS, Bach BH, Tsou CL, Montano M, Khalid MM, Sreekumar BK, Renuka Kumar G, Wyman S, Doudna JA, Ott M. Rapid assembly of SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals attenuation of the Omicron BA.1 variant through NSP6. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2308. [PMID: 37085489 PMCID: PMC10120482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1) spread rapidly across the world and effectively evaded immune responses, its viral fitness in cell and animal models was reduced. The precise nature of this attenuation remains unknown as generating replication-competent viral genomes is challenging because of the length of the viral genome (~30 kb). Here, we present a plasmid-based viral genome assembly and rescue strategy (pGLUE) that constructs complete infectious viruses or noninfectious subgenomic replicons in a single ligation reaction with >80% efficiency. Fully sequenced replicons and infectious viral stocks can be generated in 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. By testing a series of naturally occurring viruses as well as Delta-Omicron chimeric replicons, we show that Omicron nonstructural protein 6 harbors critical attenuating mutations, which dampen viral RNA replication and reduce lipid droplet consumption. Thus, pGLUE overcomes remaining barriers to broadly study SARS-CoV-2 replication and reveals deficits in nonstructural protein function underlying Omicron attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Y Taha
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Irene P Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdullah M Syed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alison Ciling
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Hannah S Martin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bryan H Bach
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stacia Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taha TY, Chen IP, Hayashi JM, Tabata T, Walcott K, Kimmerly GR, Syed AM, Ciling A, Suryawanshi RK, Martin HS, Bach BH, Tsou CL, Montano M, Khalid MM, Sreekumar BK, Kumar GR, Wyman S, Doudna JA, Ott M. Rapid assembly of SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals attenuation of the Omicron BA.1 variant through NSP6. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.31.525914. [PMID: 36798416 PMCID: PMC9934579 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.525914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1) spread rapidly across the world and effectively evaded immune responses, its viral fitness in cell and animal models was reduced. The precise nature of this attenuation remains unknown as generating replication-competent viral genomes is challenging because of the length of the viral genome (30kb). Here, we designed a plasmid-based viral genome assembly and resc ue strategy (pGLUE) that constructs complete infectious viruses or noninfectious subgenomic replicons in a single ligation reaction with >80% efficiency. Fully sequenced replicons and infectious viral stocks can be generated in 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. By testing a series of naturally occurring viruses as well as Delta-Omicron chimeric replicons, we show that Omicron nonstructural protein 6 harbors critical attenuating mutations, which dampen viral RNA replication and reduce lipid droplet consumption. Thus, pGLUE overcomes remaining barriers to broadly study SARS-CoV-2 replication and reveals deficits in nonstructural protein function underlying Omicron attenuation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Wu D, Panda PK, Singh SK, Volety I, Ahuja R, Mishra YK, Shukla D. Putative targeting by BX795 causes decrease in protein kinase C protein levels and inhibition of HSV1 infection. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
11
|
Suryawanshi RK, Chen IP, Ma T, Syed AM, Brazer N, Saldhi P, Simoneau CR, Ciling A, Khalid MM, Sreekumar B, Chen PY, Kumar GR, Montano M, Gascon R, Tsou CL, Garcia-Knight MA, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Gliwa A, Nguyen J, Silva I, Milbes B, Kojima N, Hess V, Shacreaw M, Lopez L, Brobeck M, Turner F, Soveg FW, George AF, Fang X, Maishan M, Matthay M, Morris MK, Wadford D, Hanson C, Greene WC, Andino R, Spraggon L, Roan NR, Chiu CY, Doudna JA, Ott M. Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination. Nature 2022; 607:351-355. [PMID: 35584773 PMCID: PMC9279157 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron are globally relevant variants of concern. Although individuals infected with Delta are at risk of developing severe lung disease, infection with Omicron often causes milder symptoms, especially in vaccinated individuals1,2. The question arises of whether widespread Omicron infections could lead to future cross-variant protection, accelerating the end of the pandemic. Here we show that without vaccination, infection with Omicron induces a limited humoral immune response in mice and humans. Sera from mice overexpressing the human ACE2 receptor and infected with Omicron neutralize only Omicron, but not other variants of concern, whereas broader cross-variant neutralization was observed after WA1 and Delta infections. Unlike WA1 and Delta, Omicron replicates to low levels in the lungs and brains of infected animals, leading to mild disease with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and diminished activation of lung-resident T cells. Sera from individuals who were unvaccinated and infected with Omicron show the same limited neutralization of only Omicron itself. By contrast, Omicron breakthrough infections induce overall higher neutralization titres against all variants of concern. Our results demonstrate that Omicron infection enhances pre-existing immunity elicited by vaccines but, on its own, may not confer broad protection against non-Omicron variants in unvaccinated individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene P Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tongcui Ma
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah M Syed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Noah Brazer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Saldhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camille R Simoneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison Ciling
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mauricio Montano
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel A Garcia-Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Gliwa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Noah Kojima
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashley F George
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Debra Wadford
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Carl Hanson
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen IP, Longbotham JE, McMahon S, Suryawanshi RK, Khalid MM, Taha TY, Tabata T, Hayashi JM, Soveg FW, Carlson-Stevermer J, Gupta M, Zhang MY, Lam VL, Li Y, Yu Z, Titus EW, Diallo A, Oki J, Holden K, Krogan N, Fujimori DG, Ott M. Viral E Protein Neutralizes BET Protein-Mediated Post-Entry Antagonism of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111088. [PMID: 35839775 PMCID: PMC9234021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are possible anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prophylactics as they downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here we show that BET proteins should not be inactivated therapeutically because they are critical antiviral factors at the post-entry level. Depletion of BRD3 or BRD4 in cells overexpressing ACE2 exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 infection; the same is observed when cells with endogenous ACE2 expression are treated with BET inhibitors during infection and not before. Viral replication and mortality are also enhanced in BET inhibitor-treated mice overexpressing ACE2. BET inactivation suppresses interferon production induced by SARS-CoV-2, a process phenocopied by the envelope (E) protein previously identified as a possible “histone mimetic.” E protein, in an acetylated form, directly binds the second bromodomain of BRD4. Our data support a model where SARS-CoV-2 E protein evolved to antagonize interferon responses via BET protein inhibition; this neutralization should not be further enhanced with BET inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene P Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James E Longbotham
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah McMahon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Mir M Khalid
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Taha Y Taha
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Meghna Gupta
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Meng Yao Zhang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Victor L Lam
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zanlin Yu
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erron W Titus
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amy Diallo
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Oki
- Synthego Corporation, 3696 Haven Avenue, Suite A, Menlo Park, CA 94063, USA
| | - Kevin Holden
- Synthego Corporation, 3696 Haven Avenue, Suite A, Menlo Park, CA 94063, USA
| | - Nevan Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danica Galonić Fujimori
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suryawanshi RK, Chen IP, Ma T, Syed AM, Brazer N, Saldhi P, Simoneau CR, Ciling A, Khalid MM, Sreekumar B, Chen PY, Kumar GR, Montano M, Garcia-Knight MA, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Gliwa A, Nguyen J, Silva I, Milbes B, Kojima N, Hess V, Shacreaw M, Lopez L, Brobeck M, Turner F, Soveg FW, George AF, Fang X, Maishan M, Matthay M, Greene WC, Andino R, Spraggon L, Roan NR, Chiu CY, Doudna J, Ott M. Limited Cross-Variant Immunity after Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Without Vaccination. medRxiv 2022. [PMID: 35075459 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.13.22269243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron strains are the most globally relevant variants of concern (VOCs). While individuals infected with Delta are at risk to develop severe lung disease 1 , Omicron infection causes less severe disease, mostly upper respiratory symptoms 2,3 . The question arises whether rampant spread of Omicron could lead to mass immunization, accelerating the end of the pandemic. Here we show that infection with Delta, but not Omicron, induces broad immunity in mice. While sera from Omicron-infected mice only neutralize Omicron, sera from Delta-infected mice are broadly effective against Delta and other VOCs, including Omicron. This is not observed with the WA1 ancestral strain, although both WA1 and Delta elicited a highly pro-inflammatory cytokine response and replicated to similar titers in the respiratory tracts and lungs of infected mice as well as in human airway organoids. Pulmonary viral replication, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and overall disease progression are markedly reduced with Omicron infection. Analysis of human sera from Omicron and Delta breakthrough cases reveals effective cross-variant neutralization induced by both viruses in vaccinated individuals. Together, our results indicate that Omicron infection enhances preexisting immunity elicited by vaccines, but on its own may not induce broad, cross-neutralizing humoral immunity in unvaccinated individuals.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen IP, Longbotham JE, McMahon S, Suryawanshi RK, Carlson-Stevermer J, Gupta M, Zhang MY, Soveg FW, Hayashi JM, Taha TY, Lam VL, Li Y, Yu Z, Titus EW, Diallo A, Oki J, Holden K, Krogan N, Galonić Fujimori D, Ott M. Viral E Protein Neutralizes BET Protein-Mediated Post-Entry Antagonism of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34816261 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.14.468537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Bromodomain and Extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactics as they downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we show that BET proteins should not be inactivated therapeutically as they are critical antiviral factors at the post-entry level. Knockouts of BRD3 or BRD4 in cells overexpressing ACE2 exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection; the same is observed when cells with endogenous ACE2 expression are treated with BET inhibitors during infection, and not before. Viral replication and mortality are also enhanced in BET inhibitor-treated mice overexpressing ACE2. BET inactivation suppresses interferon production induced by SARS-CoV-2, a process phenocopied by the envelope (E) protein previously identified as a possible "histone mimetic." E protein, in an acetylated form, directly binds the second bromodomain of BRD4. Our data support a model where SARS-CoV-2 E protein evolved to antagonize interferon responses via BET protein inhibition; this neutralization should not be further enhanced with BET inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Agelidis A, Koganti R, Ames JM, Koujah L, Yadavalli T, Madavaraju K, Shantz LM, Shukla D. mTORC2 confers neuroprotection and potentiates immunity during virus infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6020. [PMID: 34650053 PMCID: PMC8516965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) causes ocular and orofacial infections. In rare cases, HSV-1 can cause encephalitis, which leads to permanent brain injuries, memory loss or even death. Host factors protect humans from viral infections by activating the immune response. However, factors that confer neuroprotection during viral encephalitis are poorly understood. Here we show that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is essential for the survival of experimental animals after ocular HSV-1 infection in vivo. We find the loss of mTORC2 causes systemic HSV-1 infection due to defective innate and adaptive immune responses, and increased ocular and neuronal cell death that turns lethal for the infected mice. Furthermore, we find that mTORC2 mediated cell survival channels through the inactivation of the proapoptotic factor FoxO3a. Our results demonstrate how mTORC2 potentiates host defenses against viral infections and implicate mTORC2 as a necessary factor for survival of the infected host. The immune response to herpes simplex virus is essential in limiting immunopathology during infection, however factors linked to neuroprotection are currently unclear. Here the authors implicate mTORC2 in the host response to viral infection and link to neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar D Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Agelidis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua M Ames
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lulia Koujah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krishnaraju Madavaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Shantz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Koganti R, Singh SK, Ames JM, Shukla D. Heparan Sulfate Binding Cationic Peptides Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Entry. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070803. [PMID: 34202835 PMCID: PMC8308704 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. While the world is striving for a treatment modality against SARS-CoV-2, our understanding about the virus entry mechanisms may help to design entry inhibitors, which may help to limit the virus spreading. Owing to the importance of cellular ACE2 and heparan sulfate in SARS-CoV-2 entry, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cationic G1 and G2 peptides in virus entry inhibition. In silico binding affinity studies revealed possible binding sites of G1 and G2 peptides on HS and ACE2, which are required for the spike–HS and spike–ACE2 interactions. Prophylactic treatment of G1 and G2 peptide was also proved to decrease the cell surface HS, an essential virus entry receptor. With these two mechanisms we confirm the possible use of cationic peptides to inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K. Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.K.S.); (C.D.P.); (R.K.); (S.K.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Chandrashekhar D. Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.K.S.); (C.D.P.); (R.K.); (S.K.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.K.S.); (C.D.P.); (R.K.); (S.K.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.K.S.); (C.D.P.); (R.K.); (S.K.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Joshua M. Ames
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.K.S.); (C.D.P.); (R.K.); (S.K.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.K.S.); (C.D.P.); (R.K.); (S.K.S.); (J.M.A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agelidis A, Turturice BA, Suryawanshi RK, Yadavalli T, Jaishankar D, Ames J, Hopkins J, Koujah L, Patil CD, Hadigal SR, Kyzar EJ, Campeau A, Wozniak JM, Gonzalez DJ, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Perkins DL, Finn PW, Shukla D. Disruption of innate defense responses by endoglycosidase HPSE promotes cell survival. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144255. [PMID: 33621216 PMCID: PMC8119219 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The drive to withstand environmental stresses and defend against invasion is a universal trait extant in all forms of life. While numerous canonical signaling cascades have been characterized in detail, it remains unclear how these pathways interface to generate coordinated responses to diverse stimuli. To dissect these connections, we followed heparanase (HPSE), a protein best known for its endoglycosidic activity at the extracellular matrix but recently recognized to drive various forms of late-stage disease through unknown mechanisms. Using herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection as a model cellular perturbation, we demonstrate that HPSE acts beyond its established enzymatic role to restrict multiple forms of cell-intrinsic defense and facilitate host cell reprogramming by the invading pathogen. We reveal that cells devoid of HPSE are innately resistant to infection and counteract viral takeover through multiple amplified defense mechanisms. With a unique grasp of the fundamental processes of transcriptional regulation and cell death, HPSE represents a potent cellular intersection with broad therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agelidis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | - Benjamin A. Turturice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
- Department of Dermatology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Ames
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | - James Hopkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | - Lulia Koujah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | | | | | - Evan J. Kyzar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jacob M. Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jin-ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David L. Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koujah L, Allaham M, Patil CD, Ames JM, Suryawanshi RK, Yadavalli T, Agelidis A, Mun C, Surenkhuu B, Jain S, Shukla D. Entry receptor bias in evolutionarily distant HSV-1 clinical strains drives divergent ocular and nervous system pathologies. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:238-249. [PMID: 33766740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection leads to varying pathologies including the development of ocular lesions, stromal keratitis and encephalitis. While the role for host immunity in disease progression is well understood, the contribution of genetic variances in generating preferential viral entry receptor usage and resulting immunopathogenesis in humans are not known. METHODS Ocular cultures were obtained from patients presenting distinct pathologies of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Next-generation sequencing and subsequent analysis characterized genetic variances among the strains and estimated evolutionary divergence. Murine model of ocular infection was used to assess phenotypic contributions of strain variances on damage to the ocular surface and propagation of innate immunity. Flow cytometry of eye tissue identified differential recruitment of immune cell populations, cytokine array probed for programming of local immune response in the draining lymph node and histology was used to assess inflammation of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Ex-vivo corneal cultures and in-vitro studies elucidated the role of genetic variances in altering host-pathogen interactions, leading to divergent host responses. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis of the clinical isolates suggests evolutionary divergence among currently circulating HSV-1 strains. Mutations causing alterations in functional host interactions were identified, particularly in viral entry glycoproteins which generated a receptor bias to herpesvirus entry mediator, an immune modulator involved in immunopathogenic diseases like HSK, leading to exacerbated ocular surface pathologies and heightened viral burden in the TG and brainstem. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests receptor bias resulting from genetic variances in clinical strains may dictate disease severity and treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulia Koujah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mowafak Allaham
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar D Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joshua M Ames
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rahul K Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alex Agelidis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Christine Mun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Bayasgalan Surenkhuu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Agelidis A, Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Campeau A, Gonzalez DJ, Shukla D. Dissociation of DNA damage sensing by endoglycosidase HPSE. iScience 2021; 24:102242. [PMID: 33748723 PMCID: PMC7957091 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance between cell proliferation and elimination is critical in handling threats both exogenous and of internal dysfunction. Recent work has implicated a conserved but poorly understood endoglycosidase heparanase (HPSE) in the restriction of innate defense responses, yet biochemical mediators of these key functions remained unclear. Here, an unbiased immunopurification proteomics strategy is employed to identify and rank uncharacterized interactions between HPSE and mediators of canonical signaling pathways linking cell cycle and stress responses. We demonstrate with models of genotoxic stress including herpes simplex virus infection and chemotherapeutic treatment that HPSE dampens innate responses to double-stranded DNA breakage by interfering with signal transduction between initial sensors and downstream mediators. Given the long-standing recognition of HPSE in driving late-stage inflammatory disease exemplified by tissue destruction and cancer metastasis, modulation of this protein with control over the DNA damage response imparts a unique strategy in the development of unconventional multivalent therapy. HPSE binds key proteins at interface of DNA damage signaling and IFN responses Nuclear translocation of DNA damage transducer ATM is enhanced in absence of HPSE Cells lacking HPSE display enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage-induced death HPSE interfaces with regulators of DNA damage response to influence cell fate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agelidis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rahul K. Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar D. Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suryawanshi RK, Koganti R, Agelidis A, Patil CD, Shukla D. Dysregulation of Cell Signaling by SARS-CoV-2. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:224-237. [PMID: 33451855 PMCID: PMC7836829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens usurp host pathways to generate a permissive environment for their propagation. The current spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection presents the urgent need to understand the complex pathogen–host interplay for effective control of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 reorganizes the host cytoskeleton for efficient cell entry and controls host transcriptional processes to support viral protein translation. The virus also dysregulates innate cellular defenses using various structural and nonstructural proteins. This results in substantial but delayed hyperinflammation alongside a weakened interferon (IFN) response. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 and its uniquely aggressive life cycle and discuss the interactions of various viral proteins with host signaling pathways. We also address the functional changes in SARS-CoV-2 proteins, relative to SARS-CoV. Our comprehensive assessment of host signaling in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis provides some complex yet important strategic clues for the development of novel therapeutics against this rapidly emerging worldwide crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Agelidis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar D Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Red and yellow pigments from Monascus purpureus (NMCC-PF01) were evaluated to enhance sun protection factor (SPF) of commercial sunscreens and Aloe vera extract. The extracted Monascus pigments contain rubropunctamine (red pigment) and the mixture of monascin and ankaflavin (yellow pigment) as major components. Antioxidant activity and in-vitro safety of the pigments were assessed by ferric reduction potential and DPPH radical scavenging assays, human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and erythrocytes (RBCs) cytotoxicity assay, respectively. In results, SPF of commercial sunscreens showed an increase of 36.5% with red pigment compared to the 13% increase by yellow pigment. The in-vitro studies showed 67.6% ferric reducing potential and 27% DPPH radical scavenging activity, neither cytotoxic effect against human keratinocytes nor haemolytic activity. These results confirmed the safe nature of the Monascus pigments; however, in-vivo studies merit further research. In conclusion, screened pigments from Monascus purpureus may act as potential candidates to increase SPF of commercial sunscreen naturally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil H. Koli
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul K. Suryawanshi
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavana V. Mohite
- Department of Microbiology, Jankidevi Bajaj College of Science, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V. Patil
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
- North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre (NMCC), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Koujah L, Suryawanshi RK, Shukla D. Pathological processes activated by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in the cornea. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 76:405-419. [PMID: 30327839 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects a large majority of the human population worldwide. It is also a leading cause of infection-related blindness in the developed world. HSV-1 infection of the cornea begins with viral entry into resident cells via a multistep process that involves interaction of viral glycoproteins and host cell surface receptors. Once inside, HSV-1 infection induces a chronic immune-inflammatory response resulting in corneal scarring, thinning and neovascularization. This leads to development of various ocular diseases such as herpes stromal keratitis, resulting in visual impairment and eventual blindness. HSV-1 can also invade the central nervous system and lead to encephalitis, a relatively common cause of sporadic fetal encephalitis worldwide. In this review, we discuss the pathological processes activated by corneal HSV-1 infection and existing antiviral therapies as well as novel therapeutic options currently under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulia Koujah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rahul K Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patil SV, Borase HP, Patil CD, Suryawanshi RK, Koli SH, Patil VS, Mohite BV. Fabrication of Paper Sensor for Rapid Screening of Nanomaterial Synthesizing Potential of Plants. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
24
|
Patil SV, Patil CD, Narkhede CP, Suryawanshi RK, Koli SH, Shinde L, Mohite BV. Phytosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt–GNP) Formulation: A Novel Photo Stable Preparation Against Mosquito Larvae. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
25
|
Koli SH, Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Patil SV. Fluconazole treatment enhances extracellular release of red pigments in the fungus Monascus purpureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3071826. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
26
|
Abstract
The bacterial pigment prodigiosin has various biological activities; it is, for instance, an effective antimicrobial. Here, we investigate the primary site targeted by prodigiosin, using the cells of microbial pathogens of humans as model systems: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibitory concentrations of prodigiosin; leakage of intracellular K+ ions, amino acids, proteins and sugars; impacts on activities of proteases, catalases and oxidases; and changes in surface appearance of pathogen cells were determined. Prodigiosin was highly inhibitory (30% growth rate reduction of C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus at 0.3, 100 and 0.18 μg ml-1, respectively); caused leakage of intracellular substances (most severe in S. aureus); was highly inhibitory to each enzyme; and caused changes to S. aureus indicative of cell-surface damage. Collectively, these findings suggest that prodigiosin, log Poctanol-water 5.16, is not a toxin but is a hydrophobic stressor able to disrupt the plasma membrane via a chaotropicity-mediated mode-of-action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil H Koli
- a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Jalgaon , India
| | - John E Hallsworth
- b Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre , Belfast , UK
| | - Satish V Patil
- a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Jalgaon , India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Patil CD, Borase HP, Suryawanshi RK, Patil SV. Trypsin inactivation by latex fabricated gold nanoparticles: A new strategy towards insect control. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 92:18-25. [PMID: 27542740 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Before applying nanotechnologies in biomedical and environmental areas it is advised to study interactions of nanoparticles and other nanomaterials with biomacromolecule present in living system. Moreover there is scarcity of reports on interactions between nanoparticles and biomaterials. In present report a rapid, ecofriendly method of fabricating stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using latex of Jatropha curcas is reported for the first time. AuNPs found to have characteristic absorption maxima centered at 540nm, multiple irregular shapes with size range from 20 to 50nm and have crystalline nature. Latex fabricated AuNPs were found to inhibit catalytic potential of trypsin (a vital enzyme responsible for digestion, insecticide resistance and in several disease conditions). The interactions between AuNPs and trypsin were analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometry and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry which suggests formation of trypsin-AuNPs complex responsible for lowering catalytic activity of trypsin. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and particle size distribution studies further confirm complex formation between trypsin and AuNPs. Diverse interactions of metal nanoparticles with proteins such as covalent interaction, electrostatic interactions and binding to SH group of amino acid may be the reasons behind inhibition of trypsin activity. In vivo studies on serum of several vectors and agriculturally important pests supported instrumental results on AuNPs induced trypsin inhibition. This work will bring a new research direction to explore eco-friendly nanoparticle in insect control via inhibition of enzyme catalytic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar D Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul K Suryawanshi
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India; North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre (NMCC), North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Borase HP, Narkhede CP, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Mosquito larvicidal and pupaecidal potential of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens and understanding its mechanism of action. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 123:49-55. [PMID: 26267052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes spread lethal diseases like malaria and dengue fever to humans. Considering mosquito vector control as one of the best alternatives to reduce new infections, here we have analyzed the effect of purified pigment prodigiosin extracted from Serratia marcescens (NMCC 75) against larval and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Mosquito larvicidal activities of purified prodigiosin revealed LC50 values of 14 ± 1.2, 15.6 ± 1.48, 18 ± 1.3, 21 ± 0.87 µg/ml against early IInd, IIIrd, IVth instar and pupal stages of Ae. aegypti, respectively. LC50 values for An. stephensi were found to be 19.7 ± 1.12, 24.7 ± 1.47, 26.6 ± 1.67, 32.2 ± 1.79 µg/ml against early IInd, IIIrd, IVth instar and pupae of An. stephensi, respectively. Further investigations toward understanding modes of action revealed variations in the activities of esterases, acetylcholine esterases, phosphatases, proteases and total proteins in the fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti indicating intrinsic difference in biochemical features due to prodigiosin treatment. Although there was no inhibition of enzymes like catalase and oxidase but may have profound inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or H(+)-V-ATPase which is indicated by change in the pH of midgut and caeca of mosquito larvae. This reduced pH may be possibly due to the proton pump inhibitory activity of prodigiosin. Pure prodigiosin can prove to be an important molecule for mosquito control at larval and pupal stages of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. This is the first report on the mosquito pupaecidal activity of prodigiosin and its possible mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Suryawanshi
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrashekhar D Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakant P Narkhede
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bipinchandra K Salunke
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Borase HP, Salunkhe RB, Patil CD, Suryawanshi RK, Salunke BK, Wagh ND, Patil SV. Innovative approach for urease inhibition by Ficus carica extract-fabricated silver nanoparticles: An in vitro study. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:780-4. [PMID: 25560197 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a rapid, low-cost, and ecofriendly method of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis using leaves extract of Ficus carica (F. carica), a plant with diverse metabolic consortium, is reported for the first time. An absorption peak at 422 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy, a spherical shape with an average size of 21 nm in transmission electron microscopy, and crystalline nature in X-ray powder diffraction studies were observed for the synthesized AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that proteins of F. carica might have a vital role in AgNP synthesis and stabilization. AgNPs were found to inhibit urease, a key enzyme responsible for the survival and pathogenesis of the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. Inhibition of urease by AgNPs was monitored spectrophotometrically by the evaluation of ammonia release. The urease inhibition potential of AgNPs can be explored in the treatment of H. pylori by preparing novel combinations of standard drugs with AgNPs- or AgNPs-encapsulated drug molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul B Salunkhe
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rahul K Suryawanshi
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nilesh D Wagh
- School of Environment Science, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.,North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre (NMCC), North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Borase HP, Patil CD, Salunkhe RB, Suryawanshi RK, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Biofunctionalized silver nanoparticles as a novel colorimetric probe for melamine detection in raw milk. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:652-62. [PMID: 25322814 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising analytical tool for monitoring food adulteration and safety. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using leaves' extract of Jatropha gossypifolia. AgNPs revealed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 419 nm and have spherical and grain shape with size range between 18 and 30 nm. A selective and rapid method of melamine detection in raw milk was developed with the use of these biofunctionalized AgNPs. The color change, deviation in SPR spectra, and change in the absorption ratio (A500 /A419 ) of AgNPs occurred after an AgNPs-melamine interaction. The detection limit for melamine up to 2 μM (252 ppb) was attained with this method, which is quite lower than safety level recommendations of regulatory bodies demonstrating sensitivity of the method. Dynamicx light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analyses exhibited an increase in hydrodynamic diameter and size of AgNPs after melamine interaction. Melamine sensing by AgNPs was investigated by different physicochemical and thermal analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| | - Chandrashekhar D Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India.,JDMVPS Nutan Maratha College, Jalgaon, India
| | - Rahul B Salunkhe
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| | | | | | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India.,North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre (NMCC), North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Borase HP, Narkhede CP, Stevenson A, Hallsworth JE, Patil SV. Towards an understanding of bacterial metabolites prodigiosin and violacein and their potential for use in commercial sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:98-107. [PMID: 25354759 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To exploit the microbial ecology of bacterial metabolite production and, specifically, to: (i) evaluate the potential use of the pigments prodigiosin and violacein as additives to commercial sunscreens for protection of human skin, and (ii) determine antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (against pathogenic bacteria) for these two pigments. METHODS Prodigiosin and violacein were used to supplement extracts of Aloe vera leaf and Cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit which are known to have photoprotective activity, as well as some commercial sunscreen preparations. For each, sunscreen protection factors (SPFs) were determined spectrophotometrically. Assays for antimicrobial activity were carried out using 96-well plates to quantify growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. RESULTS For the plant extracts, SPFs were increased by an order of magnitude (i.e. up to ~3.5) and those for the commercial sunscreens increased by 10-22% (for 4% w/w violacein) and 20-65% (for 4% w/w prodigiosin). The antioxidant activities of prodigiosin and violacein were approximately 30% and 20% those of ascorbic acid (a well-characterized, potent antioxidant). Violacein inhibited S. aureus (IC50 6.99 ± 0.146 μM) but not E. coli, whereas prodigiosin was effective against both of these bacteria (IC50 values were 0.68 ± 0.06 μM and 0.53 ± 0.03 μM, respectively). CONCLUSION The bacterial pigments prodigiosin and violacein exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and were able to increase the SPF of commercial sunscreens as well as the extracts of the two plant species tested. These pigments have potential as ingredients for a new product range of and, indeed, represent a new paradigm for sunscreens that utilize substances of biological origin. We discussed the biotechnological potential of these bacterial metabolites for use in commercial sunscreens, and the need for studies of mammalian cells to determine safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Suryawanshi
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Borase HP, Patil CD, Salunkhe RB, Suryawanshi RK, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Phytolatex synthesized gold nanoparticles as novel agent to enhance sun protection factor of commercial sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:571-8. [PMID: 25124731 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the potential of phytolatex (latex of Jatropha gossypifolia) fabricated gold nanoparticles as promising candidate in sunscreen formulations for enhancement in sun protection factor. METHODS In this study, plant latex was used as reducing and capping agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles. Latex fabricated gold nanoparticles were characterized by different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Potential of sunscreen preparations containing gold nanoparticles to protect skin from UV radiation was investigated by in vitro sun protection factor analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques were used to get insight into mechanism by which AuNPs enhance sun protection factor of sunscreen. RESULTS Monodisperse gold nanoparticles were synthesized using plant latex without need of hazardous chemical reducing and capping agents. Gold nanoparticles showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopic study. Gold nanoparticles were spherical and triangular in shape with size range of 30-50 nm. The zeta potential of gold nanoparticles was found to be -9.39 ± 0.19 mV. XRD analysis confirmed face-centred cubic (fcc) structure of gold nanoparticles. Incorporation of latex synthesized gold nanoparticles (2 and 4 [% w/w]) into commercial sunscreens increased the sun protection factor from 2.43 ± 0.74 to 24.11 ± 0.46% than sunscreen devoid of gold nanoparticles. From UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and TEM analysis, it was observed that gold nanoparticles enhance the sun protection factor of commercial sunscreens due to reflection and scattering of UV radiation. CONCLUSION Phytolatex synthesized gold nanoparticle is novel agent to enhance sun protection factor of commercial sunscreens. Gold nanoparticles aggregation in commercial sunscreen was the main factor behind SPF enhancement. This study showed that gold nanoparticles are potent alternative to traditionally used hazardous titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, PO Box- 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Borase HP, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Studies on Production and Biological Potential of Prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1209-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Borase HP, Patil CD, Salunkhe RB, Suryawanshi RK, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Catalytic and synergistic antibacterial potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles: Their ecotoxicological evaluation on Poecillia reticulata. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:385-94. [PMID: 24329901 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated at a rapid rate from leaf extract of medicinally important plant Alstonia macrophylla. Biosynthesized AgNPs are of spherical shape and narrow size (70 nm), exhibiting a surface plasmon resonance peak at 435 nm, and a zeta potential of -30.8 mV and have a crystalline nature. A diverse biochemical consortium of protein, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids in leaf extract of A. macrophylla was found to be responsible for AgNP synthesis as evidenced from qualitative-quantitative chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. Nitroaromatic compounds are anthropogenic pollutants with long-lasting environmental persistence and are needed to transform into less toxic derivatives. 4-Nitrophenol and p-nitroaniline were reduced to less hazardous and commercially useful 4-aminophenol and p-phenylenediamine by phytosynthesized AgNPs. Rate constants of 0.052 and 0.040 Min(-1) were calculated for 4-nitrophenol and p-nitroaniline reduction, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography also confirms the reduction of these nitroaromatic compounds. Combinational studies could be one of the strategies to overcome microbial resistance to antibiotics. In synergistic antibacterial assay, the highest increase in a fold area of 3.84 was reported against Staphylococcus aureus using a combination of AgNPs with penicillin. Biosynthesized AgNPs were found to be less toxic (LC50 = 9.13 ppm) than chemically synthesized AgNPs having a LC50 value of 2.86 ppm against nontarget fish Poecillia reticulata. Our green nanosynthesis method offers a faster rate of formation of stable AgNPs having antibacterial and catalytic potential with lower environmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| | | | - Rahul B Salunkhe
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| | | | | | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India.,North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Patil CD, Borase HP, Salunkhe RB, Suryawanshi RK, Narkhade CP, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of Gossypium hirsutum (Bt cotton) Leaves Extracts against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi larvae. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2013; 8:91-101. [PMID: 25629069 PMCID: PMC4289515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of Gossypium hirsutum (Bt cotton) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from Go. hirsutum (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay. RESULTS LC50 values of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts for Ae. aegypti were 211.73±21.49, 241.64±19.92, 358.07±32.43, 401.03±36.19 and 232.56±26.00, 298.54±21.78, 366.50±30.59, 387.19±31.82 for 4(th) instar of An. stephensi, respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC50 value followed by ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity, which exhibited LC50 values of 133.95±12.79, 167.65±11.34 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of Ae. aegypti and 145.48±11.76, 188.10±12.92 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of An. stephensi, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using acetone and tested against 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. It revealed further decrease in LC50 values as 105.72±25.84, 138.23±23.18, 126.19±25.65, 134.04±04 and 137.88±17.59, 154.25±16.98 for 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. CONCLUSION Leaves extracts of Go. hirsutum (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul B Salunkhe
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Bipinchandra K Salunke
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India,North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India,North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding author: Dr Satish V Patil, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Borase HP, Patil CD, Suryawanshi RK, Patil SV. Ficus carica latex-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application as a chemophotoprotective agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:676-88. [PMID: 23881781 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work provides scientific support on the use of latex of Ficus carica to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs synthesized immediately after the addition of latex to silver nitrate solution at room temperature. Synthesized nanoparticles were of spherical shape with average size of 163.7 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed capping of proteins and phenolic compound on AgNPs, while X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the fcc nature of AgNPs. Particles formed were stable for a long time (6 months). It was found that incorporation of AgNPs with 2 and 4% concentration exhibits synergistic increase in sun protection factor of commercial sunscreen and natural extracts ranging from 01 to 12,175% than control. Further characterization of latex and AgNPs revealed total phenolic content of 98.75 and 94.88 μg/ml. The ferric ion reduction potentials of latex and AgNPs were 79.69 and 18.79%. Reduction potential of ascorbic acid was synergistically increased after cumulative preparation of ascorbic acid with latex and AgNPs and found to be 106.76 and 101.50% for ascorbic acid + latex and ascorbic acid + AgNPs, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|