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Acharya M, Gautam R, Yang S, Jo J, Maharjan A, Lee D, Ghimire NP, Min B, Kim C, Kim H, Heo Y. Evaluation of Artemisia dubia folium extract-mediated immune efficacy through developing a murine model for acute and chronic stages of atopic dermatitis. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:13. [PMID: 38582857 PMCID: PMC10999079 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a biphasic type of skin inflammation characterized by a predominance of type-2 (TH2) and type-1 (TH1) helper T cell-biased immune responses at the acute and persistent chronic phases, respectively. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Artemisia dubia folium extract (ADFE) on AD-like skin lesions through developing a murine model for acute and chronic stages of AD. To induce acute phase AD, the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice was sensitized twice a week with 1% 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), followed by challenge (twice) in the following week with 0.2% DNCB. To induce persistent chronic AD, some mice were challenged twice a week for 4 more weeks. After the second challenge, the dorsal skin was exposed to 3% ADFE (five times per week) for 2 weeks (acute phase) or 4 weeks (persistent chronic phase). RESULTS The paradigm of TH2 or TH1 predominance at the acute and chronic phase, respectively, was observed in this mouse model. During the acute phase, we observed an increased IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in splenic culture supernatants, an increased IgG1/IgG2a ratio in serum, and elevated serum IgE levels; however, the skew toward TH2 responses was diminished during the chronic stage. Compared with vehicle controls, ADFE reduced the IL-4/IFN-γ and IgG1/IgG2a ratios in acute AD, but both ratios increased during the chronic stage. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ADFE concomitantly suppresses the TH2 predominant response in acute AD, as well as the TH1 predominant response in chronic AD. Thus, ADFE is a candidate therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Acharya
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJeong Yang
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | | | - ByeongSun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Health and Safety, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk Province, 38430, Republic of Korea.
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Lal M, Burk CM, Gautam R, Mrozek Z, Trachsel T, Beers J, Carroll MC, Morgan DM, Muir AB, Shreffler WG, Ruffner MA. Interferon-γ signaling in eosinophilic esophagitis has implications for epithelial barrier function and programmed cell death. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.26.577407. [PMID: 38352458 PMCID: PMC10862711 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic esophageal inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophil-rich mucosal inflammation and tissue remodeling. Transcriptional profiling of esophageal biopsies has previously revealed upregulation of type I and II interferon (IFN) response genes. We aim to unravel interactions between immune and epithelial cells and examine functional significance in esophageal epithelial cells. Design We investigated epithelial gene expression from EoE patients using single-cell RNA sequencing and a confirmatory bulk RNA-sequencing experiment of isolated epithelial cells. The functional impact of interferon signaling on epithelial cells was investigated using in vitro organoid models. Results We observe upregulation of interferon response signature genes (ISGs) in the esophageal epithelium during active EoE compared to other cell types, single-cell data, and pathway analyses, identified upregulation in ISGs in epithelial cells isolated from EoE patients. Using an esophageal organoid and air-liquid interface models, we demonstrate that IFN-γ stimulation triggered disruption of esophageal epithelial differentiation, barrier integrity, and induced apoptosis via caspase upregulation. We show that an increase in cleaved caspase-3 is seen in EoE tissue and identify interferon gamma (IFNG) expression predominantly in a cluster of majority-CD8+ T cells with high expression of CD69 and FOS. Conclusion These findings offer insight into the interplay between immune and epithelial cells in EoE. Our data illustrate the relevance of several IFN-γ-mediated mechanisms on epithelial function in the esophagus, which have the potential to impact epithelial function during inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Lal
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Burk
- Food Allergy Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zoe Mrozek
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tina Trachsel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Allergy, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Allergy, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jarad Beers
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret C. Carroll
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Duncan M. Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania
| | - Wayne G. Shreffler
- Food Allergy Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melanie A. Ruffner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania
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Naus S, Maasakkers JD, Gautam R, Omara M, Stikker R, Veenstra AK, Nathan B, Irakulis-Loitxate I, Guanter L, Pandey S, Girard M, Lorente A, Borsdorff T, Aben I. Assessing the Relative Importance of Satellite-Detected Methane Superemitters in Quantifying Total Emissions for Oil and Gas Production Areas in Algeria. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:19545-19556. [PMID: 37956986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Methane emissions from oil and gas production provide an important contribution to global warming. We investigate 2020 emissions from the largest gas field in Algeria, Hassi R'Mel, and the oil-production-dominated area Hassi Messaoud. We use methane data from the high-resolution (20 m) Sentinel-2 instruments to identify and estimate emission time series for 11 superemitters (including 10 unlit flares). We integrate this information in a transport model inversion that uses methane data from the coarser (7 km × 5.5 km) but higher-precision TROPOMI instrument to estimate emissions from both the 11 superemitters (>1 t/h individually) and the remaining diffuse area source (not detected as point sources with Sentinel-2). Compared to a bottom-up inventory for 2019 that is aligned with UNFCCC-reported emissions, we find that 2020 emissions in Hassi R'Mel (0.16 [0.11-0.22] Tg/yr) are lower by 53 [24-73]%, and emissions in Hassi Messaoud (0.22 [0.13-0.28] Tg/yr) are higher by 79 [4-188]%. Our analysis indicates that a larger fraction of Algeria's methane emissions (∼75%) come from oil production than national reporting suggests (5%). Although in both regions the diffuse area source constitutes the majority of emissions, relatively few satellite-detected superemitters provide a significant contribution (24 [12-40]% in Hassi R'Mel; 49 [27-71]% in Hassi Messaoud), indicating that mitigation efforts should address both. Our synergistic use of Sentinel-2 and TROPOMI can produce a unique and detailed emission characterization of oil and gas production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naus
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
| | - J D Maasakkers
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
| | - R Gautam
- Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, District of Columbia 20009, United States
| | - M Omara
- Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, District of Columbia 20009, United States
| | - R Stikker
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
| | - A K Veenstra
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
| | - B Nathan
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
| | - I Irakulis-Loitxate
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia (UPV), Valencia 46022, Spain
- International Methane Emission Observatory, United Nations Environment Program, Paris 75015, France
| | - L Guanter
- Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, District of Columbia 20009, United States
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia (UPV), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - S Pandey
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91011, United States
| | - M Girard
- GHGSat Inc., Montréal H2W 1Y5, Canada
| | - A Lorente
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
- Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, District of Columbia 20009, United States
| | - T Borsdorff
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
| | - I Aben
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden 3584 CA, Netherlands
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K C PB, Maharjan A, Acharya M, Lee D, Kusma S, Gautam R, Kwon JT, Kim C, Kim K, Kim H, Heo Y. Polytetrafluorethylene microplastic particles mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and intracellular signaling pathway alteration in human derived cell lines. Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165295. [PMID: 37419366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now widely distributed across the aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. Thus, exposure to MPs via the oral, inhalation, or dermal routes is inevitable. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-MPs is mainly used for manufacturing nonstick cookware, semiconductors, and medical devices; however, their toxicity has been rarely studied. In the present study, six different human cell lines, which are representative of tissues and cells that directly or indirectly come into contact with MPs, were exposed to two different sizes of irregular shape PTFE-MPs (with an average diameter of 6.0 or 31.7 μm). PTFE-MPs-mediated cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and changes in proinflammatory cytokine production were then evaluated. We found that the PTFE-MPs did not induce cytotoxicity under any of the experimental conditions. However, PTFE-MPs (especially average diameter of 6.0 μm) induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production in all the cell lines tested. Moreover, both sizes of PTFE-MPs increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 from the U937 macrophage cell line and the A549 lung epithelial cell line, respectively. In addition, PTFE-MPs activated the MAPK signaling pathways, especially the ERK pathway, in A549 and U937 cells, and in the THP-1 dendritic cell line. We also found that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was reduced in the U937 and THP-1 cell lines following treatment with the PTFE-MPs sized 31.7 μm average diameter. Furthermore, expression of the apoptosis regulator, BCL2, was markedly increased in the A549 and U937 cell lines. Thus, although PTFE-MPs exert different effects on different cell types, our findings suggest that PTFE-MPs-associated toxicity may be specifically linked to the activation of the ERK pathway, which ultimately induces oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Bahadur K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarina Kusma
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689 Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Center, 41061 Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Heo
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Maharjan A, Gautam R, Acharya M, Jo J, Lee D, K C PB, Lee YA, Kwon JT, Kim H, Kim K, Kim C, Kim H, Heo Y. Association of immunotoxicological indices with lung cancer biomarkers in poultry, grape, and rose farming workers. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:739-747. [PMID: 37779584 PMCID: PMC10541357 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to occupational hazards like dust, pesticides, diesel emission particles, or physical hazards in the agricultural sector is known to cause adverse health effects on farm workers. Our study aimed at addressing the association of immunomodulatory status with plasma levels of lung cancer biomarkers in farming population, attempting to recognition of vulnerable farming group. Blood samples from apparently healthy 51 chicken husbandry, 19 grape orchard, and 21 rose greenhouse workers were subjected to evaluate plasma levels of two representative lung cancer biomarkers, pro-gastrin releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from farmers were used for natural killer (NK) cell phenotyping and cytokines (interferon-gamma, IFN-γ and interleukin-13, IL-13) profiling in the culture supernatant. Compared to the rose greenhouse farmers, the grape orchard and chicken husbandry workers revealed a significantly upregulated plasma Pro-GRP and CYFRA 21-1 level. A low proportion of NK cells was observed among the female grape orchard workers and a lowered IFN- γ:IL-13 ratio was seen in the grape and chicken husbandry workers than the rose workers. Our findings imply that grape orchard and chicken husbandry workers have more disturbed immune homeostasis implicated with augmentation in the levels of lung cancer biomarkers than the rose greenhouse workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod Bahadur K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea
| | - HyoCher Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 54875 Republic of Korea
| | - KyungRan Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 54875 Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
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Jo J, Acharya M, K C PB, Maharjan A, Lee D, Gautam R, Kwon JT, Kim K, Kim C, Heo Y, Kim H. Immunodysregulatory potentials of polyethylene or polytetrafluorethylene microplastics to mice subacutely exposed via intragastric intubation. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:419-427. [PMID: 37398562 PMCID: PMC10313636 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been recently recognized as posing a risk to human health. The adverse health effects of MP exposure have been recently reported, especially via the oral exposure route. The present study investigated whether subacute (4 week) exposure to polyethylene (PE) or polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) MPs via gastric intubation caused immunotoxicity. Two different sizes of PE MPs (6.2 or 27.2 μm) and PTFE MPs (6.0 or 30.5 μm) were administered to 6-week-old mice of both sexes at 0 (corn oil vehicle control), 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day (n = 4/group). No significant differences were observed between groups in the major thymic or splenic immune cell populations, including thymic CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, and splenic helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells. The ratio of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) to interleukin-4 (IL-4) in culture supernatants from polyclonally activated splenic mononuclear cells ex vivo (48 h) was dose-dependently decreased in female mice that received small- and large-size PTFE MPs. The IFNγ/IL-4 ratio was also decreased in the female mice dosed with large-size PE MPs. The serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was dose-dependently increased in male and female animals dosed with small-size PE MPs, in female animals dosed with large-size PTFE MPs, and in male animals dosed with small-size PTFE MPs. The present study implies that immune functions could be affected in animals exposed to MPs via gastric intubation. These effects are dependent on MP size, MP dose, MP polymer type, and mouse sex. Further investigations with longer exposure periods could be necessary to more clearly define the immunotoxic effects of MPs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00172-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod Bahadur K C
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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Ruffner M, Lal M, Gautam R, Muir A, Mrozek Z, Beers J. Dysregulated interferon signaling in EoE has potential implications for esophageal epithelial cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Gautam R, Jo J, Acharya M, Maharjan A, Lee D, K C PB, Kim C, Kim K, Kim H, Heo Y. Evaluation of potential toxicity of polyethylene microplastics on human derived cell lines. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156089. [PMID: 35605862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics bare of major concern for environmental conservation and animal welfare in recent years as its use has increased tremendously. Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are the most common microplastics and could get exposed to humans via different routes with oral>inhalation>dermal. Internalization of MPs through epithelial tissue could expose MPs to various cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, and/or T cells. In this study, we aimed at identifying the effects of two different sized (30.5 ± 10.5 and 6.2 ± 2.0 μm) PE-MPs on different human cell lines representing different tissues or cells that get exposed to MPs directly or indirectly. Six cell lines were cultured with different concentrations of PE-MPs and cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines were measured. PE-MPs did not substantially lower the cell viability of cells however highest concentration (1000 μg/mL) of both sized MPs slightly reduced cell viability in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 and lung epithelial A549 cells. Both sized PE-MPs induced higher NO in all the cell lines and upregulation of ROS generation was demonstrated at THP-1, Jurkat, and U937 immune cell lines. A pro-inflammatory cytokine response was seen in HaCaT keratinocyte cells when cultured with PE-MPs whereas the opposite effect was observed in THP-1 and U937 cells except with THP-1 cells cultured with larger-sized MPs. We found that the PE-MPs do not have the same effects on all kinds of cells and tissues exposed and the immune modulation is not necessarily inflammatory. Thus, this study gives insight into why more detailed studies focused on exposure routes and organ-specific effects of different MPs need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gautam
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod Bahadur K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Center, 41061 Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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Han HJ, Lee J, Lim G, Park J, Gautam R, Jo J, Kim C, Heo Y. Metal arsenic mediated enhancement of type-2 immunity in brains with altered locomotive activities in mice with autism-like behavioral characteristics. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:27-33. [PMID: 35070938 PMCID: PMC8748561 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metal arsenic (As) has been proposed as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which are neurodevelopmental disorders with worldwide increasing in its incidence. In the present study, BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR) mice with ASD-like behavioral characteristics and control highly social FVB mice were orally exposed to 0.1 mM arsenic(III)oxide for 4 weeks, and were compared to investigate neuroimmunological or behavioral abnormalities. IgG1:IgG2a ratios in brain tissues from BTBR mice exposed to As (BTBR-As) were significantly higher than those of BTBR-control mice (BTBR-C), but this change did not occur in FVB mice exposed to As. Levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α in brain tissue were lowered in BTBR-As relative to BTBR-C, but this tendency was not observed with FVB mice. BTBR-As mice demonstrated decrease in relative travel distance and time spent in the center vs. the periphery of open field arena compared to BTBR-C. Sociability evaluation using three-way chamber test did not clearly demonstrate As-mediated alteration in social interaction in BTBR mice. These findings suggest the potential for As-driven predominant TH2-like reactivity profile in the brain microenvironment of BTBR mice and for As-mediated locomotive impairment probably associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jung Han
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
| | - JaeHee Lee
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
| | - GyeongDong Lim
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
| | - JungEun Park
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk Province 38430 South Korea
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Han Y, Song Y, Kim GW, Ha C, Lee J, Kim M, Son H, Lee G, Gautam R, Heo Y. Correction to: No prominent toxicity of polyethylene microplastics observed in neonatal mice following intratracheal instillation to dams during gestational and neonatal period. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:111. [DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shin K, Lim G, Hong YS, Kim S, Hwang S, Lee J, Sin S, Cho A, Kim Y, Gautam R, Jo J, Acharya M, Maharjan A, Lee D, K C PB, Kim C, Heo Y, Kim HA. Exposure to lead on expression levels of brain immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotropic factor in fetal and postnatal mice with autism-like characteristics. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:891-900. [PMID: 34187350 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1945985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. Increased exposure to environmental metal lead (Pb) has been proposed as a risk factor associated with ASD. In the present study, BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) mice with ASD-like behavioral characteristics and control FVB mice were exposed gestationally and/or neonatally to Pb, and compared with highly social FVB mice to investigate neuroimmunological abnormalities. IgG1 and IgG2a levels in fetal brains from BTBR dams exposed to Pb (BTBR-Pb) were significantly higher than those of BTBR-controls (BTBR-C). However, this change did not occur in FVB mice exposed to Pb. The IgG1:IgG2a ratio was higher in both fetal and postnatal brains of BTBR mice compared to FVB animals regardless of Pb exposure. The IL-4:IFN-γ ratio was elevated in BTBR-Pb relative to BTBR-C mice, but this ratio was not markedly affected following Pb exposure in FVB animals. These findings suggest the potential for a Pb-driven predominant TH2-like reactivity profile in brain microenvironment present in BTBR mice. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was decreased in fetal and postnatal BTBR-Pb brains relative to BTBR-C brains but not in FVB-Pb relative to FVB-C mice. Taken together, data demonstrate that Pb exposure might contribute to developmental brain abnormalities associated with ASD, particularly in individuals with genetic susceptibility to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyeongMin Shin
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - GyeongDong Lim
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - SoNam Kim
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - SoRyeon Hwang
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHee Lee
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - SoJung Sin
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - AhRang Cho
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonGyeong Kim
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod B K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Gautam R, Yang S, Maharjan A, Jo J, Acharya M, Heo Y, Kim C. Prediction of Skin Sensitization Potential of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Through the Human Cell Line Activation Test. Front Toxicol 2021; 3:649666. [PMID: 35295130 PMCID: PMC8915822 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.649666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has propagated the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in various fields including industry, agriculture, engineering, cosmetics, or medicine. The use of nanoparticles in cosmetics and dermal-based products is increasing owing to their higher surface area and unique physiochemical properties. Silver (Ag) NPs' excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial property and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs' ability to confer better ultraviolet (UV) protection has led to their maximal use in cosmetics and dermal products. While the consideration for use of nanoparticles is increasing, concerns have been raised regarding their potential negative impacts. Although used in various dermal products, Ag and ZnO NPs' skin sensitization (SS) potential has not been well-investigated using in vitro alternative test methods. The human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) that evaluates the ability of chemicals to upregulate the expression of CD86 and CD54 in THP-1 cell line was used to assess the skin sensitizing potential of these NPs. The h-CLAT assay was conducted following OECD TG 442E. NPs inducing relative fluorescence intensity of CD86 ≥ 150% and/or CD54 ≥ 200% in at least two out of three independent runs were predicted to be positive. Thus, Ag (20, 50, and 80 nm) NPs and ZnO NPs were all predicted to be positive in terms of SS possibility using the h-CLAT prediction model. Although further confirmatory tests addressing other key events (KEs) of SS adverse outcome pathway (AOP) should be carried out, this study gave an insight into the need for cautious use of Ag and ZnO NPs based skincare or dermal products owing to their probable skin sensitizing potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - SuJeong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, The Graduate School of Medical and Health Industry, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Toxicity Assessment, The Graduate School of Medical and Health Industry, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Kim H, Song E, Lee J, Gautam R, Shin S, Cho A, Kim Y, Yang S, Jo J, Acharya M, Maharjan A, Kim C, Heo Y, Kim H. Dysregulation of murine immune functions on inhalational exposure to ammonia, dimethyl disulfide, 3-methylindole, or propionic acid. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:219-228. [PMID: 33663293 DOI: 10.1177/0748233721996559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal husbandry workers are exposed to various malodorous compounds in the workplace. Although these compounds cause severe nuisance, no systemic investigation of their effects on the immune system has been conducted. To address this issue, we evaluated the effects of inhalational exposure to ammonia, dimethyl disulfide, 3-methylindole (3-MI), and propionic acid (PA), representing four major groups of malodorous compounds, on humoral and cellular immunity in mice. Mice were exposed to the substances (low dose: 10 µL and high dose: 200 µL) for 10 min/day for 4 weeks in a modified standard mouse cage. Neutrophil% and splenic cytotoxic T cell% were significantly lower in the high-dose ammonia group than in the vehicle control. Exposure to ammonia and 3-MI increased immature thymic T lymphocyte% relative to control and concomitantly decreased both mature helper and cytotoxic T-cell populations in the thymus. In the ammonia exposure group, levels of serum immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin A were elevated, and the IgG2a:IgG1 ratio in the serum was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Splenic natural killer cell activity was significantly less in the PA exposure group than in the control. Overall, our findings suggest that inhalational exposure to these malodorous substances disturbs immune homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeonJi Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - EunSeob Song
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHee Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SoJung Shin
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - AhRang Cho
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonGyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJeong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Toxicity Assessment, Graduate School of Medical Health and Science, 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, 37128College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Gautam R, Nott PR. Micromechanics of slow granular flows. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124903043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been contemplated for a long time that dense granular materials flow in a stick-slip manner, and large fluctuations in the stresses are associated with it. However, the particle scale mechanics for this type of macroscopic motion has not been understood so far. We have analyzed the time evolution of contact networks from particle dynamics simulations and found that the rate of change of elastic energy of the packing can distinguish the stick regimes and the slip events. The isostatic criterion (number of contacts for a minimally stable particle) has been used to construct a cascade failure mechanism which reveals that the effect of the random breaking of contacts due to applied shear can be system-spanning for some cases. The size of the cascade failures follows a power law that explains experimentally observed large fluctuations is stresses. We expect that this power law distribution can connect the microstructure of a granular packing to its mechanical response.
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Yang S, Heo Y, Gautam R, Lee J, Maharjan A, Jo J, Acharya M, Kim C, Kim H. Prediction of the skin sensitization potential of polyhexamethylene guanidine and triclosan and mixtures of these compounds with the excipient propylene glycol through the human Cell Line Activation Test. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 37:1-8. [PMID: 33295265 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720974131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Household products often contain an antimicrobial agent such as biocides, polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), triclosan (TCS), and propylene glycol (PG) as an excipient to dissolve the active ingredients. The skin sensitization (SS) potentials of each of these substances or mixtures of PHMG or TCS with PG have not been investigated through in vitro alternative test methods. The in vitro alternative assay called human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) served to address these issues. The h-CLAT assay was conducted in accordance with OECD TG 442E. On three independent runs, all the three substances were predicted to be sensitizers according to the SS positivity with relative fluorescence intensity of CD86 ≥ 150% and/or CD54 ≥ 200% at any tested concentrations. Mixtures of PHMG or TCS with PG at ratios of 9:1, 4:1, or 1:4 weight/volume were all positive in terms of SS potential. Since humans can be occupationally or environmentally exposed to mixtures of excipients with active ingredients of biocides, the present study may give insights into further investigations of the SS potentials of various chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuJeong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHee Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of 37981Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The 37128Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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DiPiazza J, Caponnetto P, Askin G, Christos P, Maglia MLP, Gautam R, Roche S, Polosa R. Sensory experiences and cues among E-cigarette users. Harm Reduct J 2020; 17:75. [PMID: 33059666 PMCID: PMC7559939 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We characterized the extent and quality of respiratory sensations and sensory-related smoking cues associated with e-cigarette use among those who failed to quit combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) use with traditional FDA approved medications but succeeded in doing so with e-cigarettes. Further, we sought to understand former smokers' perceptions about the influence of sensory experience with e-cigarette use on CTC cessation outcomes. METHODS A nonrandom purposive sample of 156 participants recruited in the USA through the Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association Facebook page completed an online cross-sectional survey to assess sensory experiences and smoking cues associated with e-cigarette use. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc testing and the two-sample t test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate based on distribution, were used to assess the association between sample characteristics and sensory experiences and cues using investigator constructed questions, the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) and the Smoking Cue Appeal Survey (SCAS). RESULTS With e-cigarette use, participants reported feeling the vapor in their throats, windpipes, noses, lungs, and on their tongues; reductions in nicotine craving; and enjoyment of their e-cigarette, including tasting, smelling, and seeing the vapor and touching the device. Women had greater craving reduction than men (p = 0.023). Those who began smoking at 13 years of age or younger had more satisfaction and had greater sensory enjoyment than those who began smoking at 16-17 years of age (p = 0.015 and p = 0.026, respectively), as well as greater sensory enjoyment than those who began smoking at 14-15 years of age (p = 0.047). There was a significant overall association between the number of years a respondent smoked and e-cigarette sensory enjoyment (p = 0.038). Participants 18-34 years old rated e-cigarettes as being more pleasant compared to 45 + years olds, (p = 0.012). Eighty-four percent of participants reported the sensation of the vapor as important in quitting CTCs, and 91% believed the sensations accompanying e-cigarette use contributed to their smoking cessation success. CONCLUSIONS For those who failed to quit previously using approved cessation medications to stop smoking cigarettes, sensory experiences associated with e-cigarette use may help smokers quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J DiPiazza
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College-City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Caponnetto
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "V.Emanuele-Policlinico", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico V. Emanuele", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - G Askin
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Christos
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Lyc Psych Maglia
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "V.Emanuele-Policlinico", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Gautam
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Roche
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College-City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Polosa
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "V.Emanuele-Policlinico", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico V. Emanuele", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Joo SJ, Gautam R, Lee J, Kim H, Yang S, Jo J, Acharya M, Maharjan A, Kim Y, Lim YM, Kim C, Kim H, Heo Y. Prediction of the skin sensitization potential of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl) guanidinium chloride, triclosan, and mixtures of these compounds with the excipient propylene glycol through the local lymph node assay: BrdU-FCM. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:638-646. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233719884853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The guanidine family of antimicrobial agents, which includes polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl) guanidinium chloride (PGH), and chlorophenol biocidal chemicals such as 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan) are used in various occupational and environmental biocidal applications. The excipient propylene glycol (PG) is used to dissolve the active ingredients. The skin sensitization (SS) potential of these substances has not been systemically investigated and is still debated. Moreover, mixtures of PHMG, PGH, or triclosan with PG have not been evaluated for SS potency. An in vivo assay known as the local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry method (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) was recently adopted as an alternative testing method and was used to address these issues. Via the LLNA: BrdU-FCM, PHMG, PGH, and triclosan were predicted to be sensitizers, while PG was predicted to be a nonsensitizer. In addition, d-limonene, which is used as a flavoring in various consumer products, was also predicted to be a sensitizer, although no unanimous conclusion has been reached regarding its SS potential. Mixtures of PHMG, PGH, triclosan, or d-limonene with PG at ratios of 9:1, 4:1, and 1:4 (w/w) were all positive in terms of SS potential, indicating that the PG excipient does not influence the SS predictions of these chemicals. Since humans can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to mixtures of excipients with active ingredients, the present study may give insight into further investigations of the SS potentials of various chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Joo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHee Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonJi Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJeong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- DragonImmuno Inc., Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonGyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- DragonImmuno Inc., Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- DragonImmuno Inc., Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Gautam R, Wagener A, Bruneau N, Nerette P. Re: Clarification related to the commentary titled, ?SThe inappropriate use of formulae and references and the possible domino effect of spurious results?? written by Gautam et al. 2019. Prev Vet Med 2019; 175:104826. [PMID: 31727341 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - A Wagener
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Bruneau
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Nerette
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lee J, Cho A, Gautam R, Kim Y, Shin S, Song E, Kim H, Yang S, Acharya M, Jo J, Maharjan A, Shim I, Kim HM, Kim P, Kim T, Lee J, Kang M, Jeong T, Kim C, Kim H, Heo Y. Prediction of the skin sensitization potential of didecyldimethylammonium chloride and 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and mixtures of these compounds with the excipient ethylene glycol through the human Cell Line Activation Test and the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:507-519. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233719869514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In commercial products such as household deodorants or biocides, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) often serves as an antimicrobial agent, citral serves as a fragrance agent, and the excipient ethylene glycol (EG) is used to dissolve the active ingredients. The skin sensitization (SS) potentials of each of these substances are still being debated. Moreover, mixtures of DDAC or citral with EG have not been evaluated for SS potency. The in vitro alternative assay called human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) and Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) served to address these issues. On three independent runs of h-CLAT, DDAC and citral were predicted to be sensitizers while EG was predicted to be a non-sensitizer and also by the DPRA. Mixtures of DDAC or citral with EG at ratios of 7:3 and 1:4 w/v were all positive by the h-CLAT in terms of SS potential but SS potency was mitigated as the proportion of EG increased. Citral and its EG mixtures were all positive but DDAC and its EG mixtures were all negative by the DPRA, indicating that the DPRA method is not suitable for chemicals with pro-hapten characteristics. Since humans can be occupationally or environmentally exposed to mixtures of excipients with active ingredients, the present study may give insights into further investigations of the SS potentials of various chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeHee Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - AhRang Cho
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonGyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SoJung Shin
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - EunSeob Song
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonJi Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJeong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - IlSeob Shim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - PilJe Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeSung Kim
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, MFDS, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - JongKwon Lee
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, MFDS, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - MiJeong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeCheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Shin SJ, Song ES, Kim JW, Lee JH, Gautam R, Kim HJ, Kim YG, Cho AR, Yang SJ, Acharya M, Kim CY, Lee BC, Kim CH, Oh HG, Kwag JH, Yoon DH, Kim HA, Heo Y. Major environmental characteristics of swine husbandry that affect exposure to dust and airborne endotoxins. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:233-243. [PMID: 30821635 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1584596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of organic dust or endotoxin in the dust is considered a major risk factor for occupational respiratory illnesses. Eighteen environmental characteristics associated with animal husbandry were surveyed at 36 swine farms in seven provinces throughout South Korea. Association of these factors with levels of indoor inhalable or respirable dust or endotoxin in each type of dust was analyzed using backward stepwise multiple linear regression models. Mean levels of inhalable and respirable dust were 0.5 ± 0.35 and 0.13 ± 0.12 mg/m3 air, respectively, and mean endotoxin levels were 676 ± 463 and 48.4 ± 68.2 EU/m3, respectively, in each dust. Factors negatively associated with inhalable dust levels included pig age, indoor farm temperature, number of pigs in the building, hr/week of indoor farm work, and partly slatted floor. Factors positively associated with inhalable dust levels included floor cleaning by manual scraping and slurry deposit duration. Factors negatively associated with the level of endotoxin in inhalable dust included pig age, temperature, number of pigs, hr/week of indoor farm work, and partly slatted floor. Factors negatively associated with respirable dust level included area of the confinement building, whereas factors positively associated with respirable dust level included the number of pigs and stocking density. Endotoxin levels in respirable dust were negatively associated with h/week of indoor farm work and partly slatted floor. Overall, data suggest that husbandry variables may be adjusted to control dust and airborne endotoxin levels in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jung Shin
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seob Song
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- b Institute of Health & Environment, Graduate School of Public Health , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Lee
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kim
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gyeong Kim
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Rang Cho
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Yang
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yul Kim
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- c Technology Services Division , National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Han Kim
- c Technology Services Division , National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geu Oh
- c Technology Services Division , National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwag
- d Animal Environment Division , National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hoon Yoon
- e Technology Services Department , Gyeonggi Agricultural Research Extension Services , Hwaseong , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ah Kim
- f Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences , Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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21
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Roque K, Shin KM, Jo JH, Lim GD, Song ES, Shin SJ, Gautam R, Lee JH, Kim YG, Cho AR, Kim CY, Kim HJ, Lee MS, Oh HG, Lee BC, Kim JH, Kim KH, Jeong HK, Kim HA, Heo Y. Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:331-338. [PMID: 29366303 PMCID: PMC5974514 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor animal husbandry environments are inevitably contaminated with endotoxins. Endotoxin exposure is associated with various inflammatory illnesses in animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between the degree of endotoxin exposure and the cellular and humoral immune profiles of fattening pigs. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 47 pigs from ten pig farms in Korea. Whole blood cell counts and plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were determined. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A for 48 h, and cytokines released into culture supernatants were measured. The barns in which the pigs lived were assessed for endotoxin levels in the total and respirable dust by using the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Low and high endotoxin exposures were defined as ≤ 30 and > 30 EU/m3, respectively. Compared to pigs with low endotoxin exposure (n = 19), highly exposed pigs (n = 28) had higher circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte (particularly B cells) counts, IgG and IgE levels, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-4 productions, and lower IgA levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production. The IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα levels significantly correlated with endotoxin level and/or pig age. Constant exposure of pigs to high levels of airborne endotoxins can lead to aberrant immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Roque
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Gyeong Dong Lim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Eun Seob Song
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - So Jung Shin
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Yeon Gyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Chang Yul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Lee
- Technology Services Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geu Oh
- Technology Services Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Technology Services Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Dodram Pig Farmer's Cooperative, Veterinary Service Center, Daejeon 35352, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Kim
- Dodram Pig Farmer's Cooperative, Veterinary Service Center, Daejeon 35352, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Jeong
- Dodram Pig Farmer's Cooperative, Veterinary Service Center, Daejeon 35352, Korea
| | - Hyoung Ah Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
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22
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Gautam R, Price D, Revie CW, Gardner IA, Vanderstichel R, Gustafson L, Klotins K, Beattie M. Connectivity-based risk ranking of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAv) outbreaks for targeted surveillance planning in Canada and the USA. Prev Vet Med 2018; 159:92-98. [PMID: 30314796 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) can be a serious viral disease of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A tool to rank susceptible farms based on the risk of ISA virus (ISAv) infection spread from infectious farms after initial incursion or re-occurrence in an endemic area, can help guide monitoring and surveillance activities. Such a tool could also support the response strategy to contain virus spread, given available resources. We developed a tool to rank ISAv infection risks using seaway distance and hydrodynamic information separately and combined. The models were validated using 2002-2004 ISAv outbreak data for 30 farms (24 in New Brunswick, Canada and 6 in Maine, United States). Time sequence of infection spread was determined from the outbreak data that included monthly infection status of the cages on these farms. The first infected farm was considered as the index site for potential spread of ISAv to all other farms. To assess the risk of ISAv spreading to susceptible farms, the second and subsequent infected farms were identified using the farm status in the given time period and all infected farms from the previous time periods. Using the three models (hydrodynamic only, seaway-distance, and combined hydrodynamic-seaway-distance based models), we ranked susceptible farms within each time interval by adding the transmission risks from surrounding infected farms and sorting them from highest to lowest. To explore the potential efficiency of targeted sampling, we converted rankings to percentiles and assessed the model's predictive performance by comparing farms identified as high risk based on the rank with those that were infected during the next time interval as observed in the outbreak data. The overall predictive ability of the models was compared using area under the ROC curve (AUC). Farms that become infected in the next period were always within the top 65% of the rank predicted by our models. The overall predictive ability of the combined (hydrodynamic-seaway-distance based model) model (AUC = 0.833) was similar to the model that only used seaway distance (AUC = 0.827). Such models can aid in effective surveillance planning by balancing coverage (number of farms included in surveillance) against the desired level of confidence of including all farms that become infected in the next time period. Our results suggest that 100% of the farms that become infected in the next time period could be targeted in a surveillance program, although at a significant cost of including many false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada.
| | - D Price
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - C W Revie
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - I A Gardner
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - R Vanderstichel
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - L Gustafson
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80526-8117, United States
| | - K Klotins
- Animal Health Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada
| | - M Beattie
- GIS Gas Infusion Systems Inc., 40 Dante Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, E5V 3B9, Canada
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Khadka B, Tiwari ML, Gautam R, Timalsina B, Pathak NP, Kharel K, Sharma S, Acharya D. Correlates of Selected Biochemical Markers of Bone turnover among Post-Menopausal Women. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2018. [PMID: 30387463 PMCID: PMC8827533 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone turnover leading to osteoporosis and poor quality of life is common during postmenopausal period. Study of bone turnover markers that contribute to non-invasive assessment of bone-metabolic disorders holds an important area of research in low income country like Nepal. This study aimed to examine the correlates of bone turnover markers in post-menopausal women in tertiary level of health care center of Nepal. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted during the period of November 2016 to December 2017 among 354 women. Blood samples for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D were collected and analyzed using a validated and calibrated tools. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20. Results Mean+Standard deviation of age of post-menopausal women was significantly higher compared to pre-menopausal women (post-menopausal women, (57.98±8.08) vs. pre-menopausal, (31.35±5.83), (P<0.001). Selected biochemical markers of bone-turnover such as alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher with year since menopause (P<0.001), whereas serum calcium, and vitamin D were decreasing with year since menopause among post-menopausal women. In addition, calcium and vitamin D were significantly negatively correlated with year since menopause (P<0.01) while body mass index, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were significantly positively correlated with year since menopause (P<0.01). Conclusions Our study revealed that body mass index, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase positively correlated with year since menopause while calcium and vitamin D were negatively correlated suggesting for a medical supervision of hormonal changes and periodic dosing of calcium and vitamin D among post-menopausal women to reduce the problem of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Devdaha, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Mohan Lal Tiwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Devdaha, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Binod Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Devdaha, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Nandu Prasad Pathak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Rupandehi, Butwal, Nepal
| | - Krishna Kharel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tilottama Hospital, Rupandehi, Butwal, Nepal
| | - Shanta Sharma
- Deapartment of Community Medicine, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Devdaha, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Dilaram Acharya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Community Medicine, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Devdaha, Rupandehi, Nepal
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Gautam R, Chang TM, Astashkin AV, Lincoln KM, Tomat E. Propentdyopent: the scaffold of a heme metabolite as an electron reservoir in transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 52:6585-8. [PMID: 27109437 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01961g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dipyrrin-1,9-dione scaffold of heme metabolite propendyopent coordinates late transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) forming homoleptic, pseudo-tetrahedral complexes. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies reveal that the monoanionic, bidentate ligands behave as electron reservoirs as the complexes reversibly host one or two ligand-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
| | - T M Chang
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
| | - A V Astashkin
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
| | - K M Lincoln
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
| | - E Tomat
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
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Gautam R, Vanderstichel R, Boerlage AS, Revie CW, Hammell KL. Evaluating bath treatment effectiveness in the control of sea lice burdens on Atlantic salmon in New Brunswick, Canada. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:895-905. [PMID: 27859350 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicinal bath treatment for sea lice is becoming more common, due to increasing resistance to in-feed treatments with emamectin benzoate. Common treatment modalities in New Brunswick, Canada, include Salmosan administered by tarpaulin or wellboat, and Paramove administered by wellboat. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of these treatment modalities in the field between 2010 and 2015 using a web-based sea lice data management system (Fish-iTrends© ). Effectiveness was evaluated for adult female (AF) and for pre-adult and adult male (PAAM) life stages separately. We also investigated the impact of variability in pretreatment lead and post-treatment lag time on effectiveness measures. There were 1185 treatment events at 57 farms that uniquely matched our pre- and post-treatment count criteria. The effectiveness of treatment modality was significantly influenced by season, pretreatment level of sea lice and by lead and lag times. In summer, Salmosan administered by tarpaulin had the greatest effectiveness on both AF and PAAM, when pretreatment levels were above 10 sea lice; whereas in autumn, the performance of treatment modalities varied significantly, depending on the pretreatment levels for the life stages. Ignoring the lead or lag time effect generally resulted in an underestimation of treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Vanderstichel
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - A S Boerlage
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - C W Revie
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K L Hammell
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Gautam R. UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS OLDER ADULTS IN NEPAL. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gautam
- Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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27
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Roque K, Lim GD, Jo JH, Shin KM, Song ES, Gautam R, Kim CY, Lee K, Shin S, Yoo HS, Heo Y, Kim HA. Epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:531-538. [PMID: 27456779 PMCID: PMC5204031 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms found in bioaerosols from animal confinement buildings not only foster the risk of spreading diseases among livestock buildings, but also pose health hazards to farm workers and nearby residents. This study identified the various microorganisms present in the air of swine, chicken, and cattle farms with different kinds of ventilation conditions in Korea. Microbial air samples were collected onto Petri dishes with bacterial or fungal growth media using a cascade impactor. Endotoxin levels in total dust were determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Prevalent Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus (S.) lentus, S. chromogenes, Bacillus (B.) cereus, B. licheniformis, and Enterococcus faecalis, while the dominant fungi and Gram-negative bacteria were Candida albicans and Sphingomonas paucimobilis, respectively. Considering no significant relationship between the indoor dust endotoxin levels and the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from the indoor air, monitoring the indoor airborne endotoxin level was found to be also critical for risk assessment on health for animals or workers. The present study confirms the importance of microbiological monitoring and control on animal husbandry indoor air to ensure animal and worker welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Roque
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Dong Lim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Shin
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Eun-Seob Song
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Chang-Yul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Kyungsuk Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seungwon Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and BK21 PLUS, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Han-Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and BK21 PLUS, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Gautam R, Vanderstichel R, Boerlage AS, Revie CW, Hammell KL. Effect of timing of count events on estimates of sea lice abundance and interpretation of effectiveness following bath treatments. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:367-375. [PMID: 27524554 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of sea lice bath treatment is often assessed by comparing pre- and post-treatment counts. However, in practice, the post-treatment counting window varies from the day of treatment to several days after treatment. In this study, we assess the effect of post-treatment lag time on sea lice abundance estimates after chemical bath treatment using data from the sea lice data management program (Fish-iTrends) between 2010 and 2014. Data on two life stages, (i) adult female (AF) and (ii) pre-adult and adult male (PAAM), were aggregated at the cage level and log-transformed. Average sea lice counts by post-treatment lag time were computed for AF and PAAM and compared relative to treatment day, using linear mixed models. There were 720 observations (treatment events) that uniquely matched pre- and post-treatment counts from 53 farms. Lag time had a significant effect on the estimated sea lice abundance, which was influenced by season and pre-treatment sea lice levels. During summer, sea lice were at a minimum when counted 1 day post-treatment irrespective of pre-treatment sea lice levels, whereas in the spring and autumn, low levels were observed for PAAM over a longer interval of time, provided the pre-treatment sea lice levels were >5-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - R Vanderstichel
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - A S Boerlage
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - C W Revie
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K L Hammell
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Abstract
Background Voice problems caused by pathologies in vocal folds are well known. Some types of laryngeal pathologies have certain acoustic characteristics. Objective evaluation helps characterize the voice and voice problems providing supporting evidences, severity of disorders. It helps assess the response to the treatment and measures the outcomes.Objective The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the voice therapy and quantify the results objectively by voice parameters.Method Study includes 61 patients who presented with different types of laryngeal pathologies. Acoustic analyses and voice assessment was done with Dr. Speech ver 4 (Tiger DRS Inc.). Acoustic parameters including fundamental frequency, jitters, shimmers, Harmonic to noise ratio (HNR), Normalized noise energy (NNE) were analyzed before and after voice therapy.Result Bilateral vocal nodules were the most common pathologies comprising 44.26%. All acoustic parameters showed a significant difference after the therapy (p<0.05) except for NNE. Dysphonia due to vocal fold polyp showed no improvement even after voice therapy (p>0.05).Conclusion Acoustic analysis provides an objective, recordable data regarding the voice parameters and its pathologies. Though, few pathology require alternative therapy rather than voice therapy, overall it has a good effect on glottic closure. As the voice therapy can improve the different indices of voice, it can be viewed as imperative part of treatment and to monitor progression.
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Gautam R, Boerlage AS, Vanderstichel R, Revie CW, Hammell KL. Variation in pre-treatment count lead time and its effect on baseline estimates of cage-level sea lice abundance. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:1297-1303. [PMID: 26916434 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment efficacy studies typically use pre-treatment sea lice abundance as the baseline. However, the pre-treatment counting window often varies from the day of treatment to several days before treatment. We assessed the effect of lead time on baseline estimates, using historical data (2010-14) from a sea lice data management programme (Fish-iTrends). Data were aggregated at the cage level for three life stages: (i) chalimus, (ii) pre-adult and adult male and (iii) adult female. Sea lice counts were log-transformed, and mean counts by lead time relative to treatment day were computed and compared separately for each life stage, using linear mixed models. There were 1,658 observations (treatment events) from 56 sites in 5 Bay Management Areas. Our study showed that lead time had a significant effect on the estimated sea lice abundance, which was moderated by season. During the late summer and autumn periods, counting on the day of treatment gave significantly higher values than other days and would be a more appropriate baseline estimate, while during spring and early summer abundance estimates were comparable among counts within 5 days of treatment. A season-based lead time window may be most appropriate when estimating baseline sea lice levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Vet Epi Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - A S Boerlage
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Vet Epi Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - R Vanderstichel
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Vet Epi Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - C W Revie
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Vet Epi Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K L Hammell
- Department of Health Management and Centre for Vet Epi Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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He T, Policicchio B, Brocca-Cofano E, Stock J, Xu C, Raehtz K, Gaufin T, Gautam R, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. 21 T regulatory cell depletion in controller macaques reactivates SIV and boosts CTLs. J Virus Erad 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sirtinol is a known inhibitor of sirtuin proteins, a family of deacetylases involved in the pathophysiology of aging. Spectroscopic and structural data reveal that this compound is also an iron chelator forming high-spin ferric species in vitro and in cultured leukemia cells. Interactions with the highly regulated iron pool therefore contribute to its overall intracellular agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
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Paudel IS, Bhattrai S, Adhikari P, Gautam R, Singh SB. Gynaecological and other health problems of postmenopausal women and their health seeking behaviour in rural Terai, Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/hren.v12i2.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is very few data available in menopausal study done in Nepal. The data is even less on the various gynecological and medical problems postmenopausal women are suffering from. This study was done in Duhabi area, a community in Eastern Nepal, around the Comprehensive Health Service area of a community hospital under B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.Objective: This study was done to document the various gynecological problems among the postmenopausal women and their relation with the socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: By using specific questionnaire, 234 post-menopausal women were interviewed regarding menopausal symptoms, other gynaecological problems and medical problems and their health seeking behaviour. Results: Our study showed that the most common symptoms among the post-menopausal women were loss of libido (53%) and hot flushes (41.5%). Other noted symptoms found were vaginal dryness (29.1%) and excessive vaginal bleeding (14.5%). The most common urinary symptoms were urgency (34.2%), dysuria (17.1%) and incontinence (17.1%). Uterine prolapse was reported by 6.4% of respondents. The most common medical condition seen in our study was low back ache (70.1%). Despite majority (62%) seeking medical treatment for their symptoms only 1.7% of the respondents were using hormone replacement therapy.Conclusion: The prevalence of gynaecological problems among the post-menopausal women was high in our study with the main symptoms of loss of libido and hot flushes. Majority of women with postmenopausal symptoms sought medical care for their problems. Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp: 87-91
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Borgdorff H, Gautam R, Armstrong SD, Xia D, Ndayisaba GF, van Teijlingen NH, Geijtenbeek TBH, Wastling JM, van de Wijgert JHHM. O13.4 Cervicovaginal microbiome dysbiosis is associated with proteome changes related to alterations of the cervicovaginal mucosal barrier. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ansari S, Nepal HP, Gautam R, Shrestha S, Chhetri MR, Chapagain ML. Staphylococcus Aureus: Methicillin Resistance and Small Colony Variants from Pyogenic Infections of Skin, Soft Tissue and Bone. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:126-132. [PMID: 26744197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonizing the nares, is the leading cause of hospital as well as community acquired infections. The aim of this study was to identify the S. aureus from skin, soft tissue and bone related infections and typing them on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility profile. METHODS Clinical samples were collected from patients with skin, soft tissue and bone related infections from January to October 2013 at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur. The S. aureus, small colony variants and methicillin resistant strains were identified by standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. RESULTS Among 333 samples processed, there was positive growth of S. aureus in 66 (19.8%) samples. Among the isolated S. aureus, 10 isolates were small colony variants of S. aureus and all the strains recovered were thymidine independent in this study. Amikacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were found to be the most effective antibiotics. Methicillin resistance was found in 34.8% isolates of S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that, S. aureus is one of the causative agent of pyogenic infections and the trend of antibiotic resistant is alarmingly high and also the rate of methicillin resistant S. aureus is comparably high in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - H P Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - R Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - M R Chhetri
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - M L Chapagain
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
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Lahodny GE, Gautam R, Ivanek R. Estimating the probability of an extinction or major outbreak for an environmentally transmitted infectious disease. J Biol Dyn 2014; 9 Suppl 1:128-155. [PMID: 25198247 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2014.954763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Indirect transmission through the environment, pathogen shedding by infectious hosts, replication of free-living pathogens within the environment, and environmental decontamination are suspected to play important roles in the spread and control of environmentally transmitted infectious diseases. To account for these factors, the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible epidemic model is modified to include a compartment representing the amount of free-living pathogen within the environment. The model accounts for host demography, direct and indirect transmission, replication of free-living pathogens in the environment, and removal of free-living pathogens by natural death or environmental decontamination. Based on the assumptions of the deterministic model, a continuous-time Markov chain model is developed. An estimate for the probability of disease extinction or a major outbreak is obtained by approximating the Markov chain with a multitype branching process. Numerical simulations illustrate important differences between the deterministic and stochastic counterparts, relevant for outbreak prevention, that depend on indirect transmission, pathogen shedding by infectious hosts, replication of free-living pathogens, and environmental decontamination. The probability of a major outbreak is computed for salmonellosis in a herd of dairy cattle as well as cholera in a human population. An explicit expression for the probability of disease extinction or a major outbreak in terms of the model parameters is obtained for systems with no direct transmission or replication of free-living pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Lahodny
- a Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
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37
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Raliya R, Tarafdar JC, Singh SK, Gautam R, Choudhary K, Maurino VG, Saharan V. MgO Nanoparticles Biosynthesis and Its Effect on Chlorophyll Contents in the Leaves of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/asem.2014.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Raliya R, Tarafdar JC, Choudhary K, Mal P, Raturi A, Gautam R, Singh SK. Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus Tubingensis TFR-3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/jbns.2014.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Baral N, Nagy C, Crain BJ, Gautam R. Population viability analysis of Critically Endangered white-rumped vultures Gyps bengalensis. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Esona MD, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Foytich K, Roy S, Banyai K, Armah GE, Steele AD, Volotão EM, Gomez MM, Silva MFM, Gautam R, Quaye O, Tam KI, Forbi JC, Seheri M, Page N, Nyangao J, Ndze VN, Aminu M, Bowen MD, Gentsch JR. Human G9P[8] rotavirus strains circulating in Cameroon, 1999-2000: Genetic relationships with other G9 strains and detection of a new G9 subtype. Infect Genet Evol 2013; 18:315-24. [PMID: 23770141 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RV-A) are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide and genotype G9P[8] is one of the five most common genotypes detected in humans. In order to gain insight into the degree of genetic variability of G9P[8] strains circulating in Cameroon, stool samples were collected during the 1999-2000 rotavirus season in two different geographic regions in Cameroon (Southwest and Western Regions). By RT-PCR, 15 G9P[8] strains (15/89=16.8%) were identified whose genomic configurations was subsequently determined by complete or partial gene sequencing. In general, all Cameroonian G9 strains clustered into current globally-spread sublineages of the VP7 gene and displayed 86.6-100% nucleotide identity amongst themselves and 81.2-99.5% nucleotide identity with global G9 strains. The full genome classification of all Cameroonian strains was G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 but phylogenetic analysis of each gene revealed that the strains were spread across 4 or more distinct lineages. An unusual strain, RVA/Human-wt/CMR/6788/1999/G9P[8], which shared the genomic constellation of other Cameroonian G9P[8] strains, contained a novel G9 subtype which diverged significantly (18.8% nucleotide and 19% amino acid distance) from previously described G9 strains. Nucleotide and amino acid alignments revealed that the 3' end of this gene is highly divergent from other G9 VP7 genes suggesting that it arose through extensive accumulation of point mutations. The results of this study demonstrate that diverse G9 strains circulated in Cameroon during 1999-2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Esona
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
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Gautam R, Srinath I, Clavijo A, Szonyi B, Bani-Yaghoub M, Park S, Ivanek R. Identifying areas of high risk of human exposure to coccidioidomycosis in Texas using serology data from dogs. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:174-81. [PMID: 22856539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis or Valley Fever (VF) is an emerging soil-borne fungal zoonosis affecting humans and animals. Most non-human cases of VF are found in dogs, which we hypothesize may serve as sentinels for estimating the human exposure risk. The objective of this study is to use the spatial and temporal distribution and clusters of dogs seropositive for VF to define the geographic area in Texas where VF is endemic, and thus presents a higher risk of exposure to humans. The included specimens were seropositive dogs tested at a major diagnostic laboratory between 1999 and 2009. Data were aggregated by zip code and smoothed by empirical Bayesian estimation to develop an isopleth map of VF seropositive rates using kriging. Clusters of seropositive dogs were identified using the spatial scan test. Both the isopleth map and the scan test identified an area with a high rate of VF-seropositive dogs in the western and southwestern parts of Texas (relative risk = 31). This location overlapped an area that was previously identified as a potential endemic region based on human surveys. Together, these data suggest that dogs may serve as sentinels for estimating the risk of human exposure to VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Kaskaoutis DG, Gautam R, Singh RP, Houssos EE, Goto D, Singh S, Bartzokas A, Kosmopoulos PG, Sharma M, Hsu NC, Holben BN, Takemura T. Influence of anomalous dry conditions on aerosols over India: Transport, distribution and properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gautam R, Kulow M, Döpfer D, Kaspar C, Gonzales T, Pertzborn K, Carroll R, Grant W, Ivanek R. The strain-specific dynamics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 faecal shedding in cattle post inoculation. J Biol Dyn 2012; 6:1052-1066. [PMID: 22988977 PMCID: PMC3983691 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2012.722232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports analysis of faecal shedding dynamics in cattle for three Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) strains (S1, S2 and S3) of different genotype and ecological history, using experimental inoculation data. The three strains were compared for their shedding frequency and level of ECO157 in faeces. A multistate Markov chain model was used to compare shedding patterns of S1 and S2. Strains S1 and S2 were detected seven to eight times more often and at 10(4) larger levels than strain S3. Strains S1 and S2 had similar frequencies and levels of shedding. However, the total time spent in the shedding state during colonization was on average four times longer for S1 (15 days) compared to S2 (4 days). These results indicate that an ECO157 strain effect on the frequency, level, pattern and the duration of faecal shedding may need to be considered in control of ECO157 in the cattle reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - M. Kulow
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - D. Döpfer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C. Kaspar
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T. Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K.M. Pertzborn
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R.J. Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W. Grant
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - R. Ivanek
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Roy SK, Agrahari UC, Gautam R, Srivastava A, Jachak SM. Isointricatinol, a new antioxidant homoisoflavonoid from the roots of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:690-5. [PMID: 21740278 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.548813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new homoisoflavonoid, isointricatinol (1), together with eight known homoisoflavonoids, three flavonoids, bergenin and 11-O-galloylbergenin were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of MeOH extract of Caesalpinia digyna roots and evaluated for the antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The structure of 1 was elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques and found to be a Z-isomer of 7,8-dihydroxy-3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one. Compound 1 was found to exhibit mild to moderate free radical scavenging effect against DPPH (IC(50), 85.50 µM) and ABTS (IC(50), 44.13 µM) radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Roy
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India
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Acharya A, Gautam R, Subedee L. Uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Bharatpur, Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J 2011; 13:30-33. [PMID: 21991698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is one of the common clinical condition in the patients presenting to the clinics and hospitals. Detection of common pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is mandatory for effective treatment. The present study was conducted to detect common pathogens of urinary tract infection (UTI) and their susceptibility pattern to the commonly used antimicrobial agents in local scenario. We conducted a retrospective study on bacteria isolated from the urine samples submitted in microbiology unit from May 2009 to October 2009 at Chitwan Medical College. Study included total 950 clean catched midstream urine samples which were processed to identify the causative agents and their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents according to the CLSI guidelines. This study showed UTI is more common in young females. Out of total 950 samples, 237 (24.94%) samples grew potential pathogens causing UTI. Escherichia coli were the predominant 163 (68.77%) isolates followed by Enterobacter spp 33 (13.92%). Most of the urinary isolates showed hundred percent resistant to Ampicillin and high degree of resistance to Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Cotrimoxazole followed by Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. More than 50% of common pathogens were resistant to Ceftriaxone. Uropathogens were more sensitive to Cephotaxim, Amikacin, Ofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Uropathogens resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporin are increasing. Irrational and repeated use of antibiotics is the main cause of increasing resistant organism of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan School of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal.
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Gautam R, Bassi AS, Yanful EK. A review of biodegradation of synthetic plastic and foams. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 141:85-108. [PMID: 17625268 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymeric foams have pervaded every aspect of modern life. Although foams provide numerous benefits, they also cause a significant environmental litter problem because of their recalcitrant and xenobiotic nature. Biodegradation may provide solution to the problem, but not enough is known about the biodegradation process of synthetic plastic and plasticbased foams. This review has been written to provide an overview of the current state of plastic foam biodegradation. Several biodegradation pathways of a few select synthetic polymers are also presented along with a discussion on some of the physico-chemical factors that can influence the biodegradation of plastic foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gautam
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering.
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Sood R, Bhadauriya T, Rao M, Gautam R, Malhotra S, Barman TK, Upadhyay DJ, Rattan A. Antimycobacterial activities of oxazolidinones: a review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2007; 6:343-54. [PMID: 17168800 DOI: 10.2174/187152606779025860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxazolidinones are a new class of totally synthetic antibacterial agents with wide spectrum of activity against a variety of clinically significant susceptible and resistant bacteria. These compounds have been shown to inhibit translation at the initiation phase of protein synthesis. DuP-721, the first oxazolidinone showed good activity against M. tuberculosis when given orally or parenterally to experimental animals but was not developed further due to lethal toxicity in animal models. Later two oxazolidinones, PNU-100480 and Linezolid, demonstrated promising antimycobacterial activities in the murine model. While Linezolid has been approved for clinical use, PNU-100480 was not been developed further. DA-7867 showed good in vitro and better in vivo efficacy than Linezolid but was poorly tolerated in rat toxicology studies. The antimycobacterial activity of AZD-2563 has not been explored. RBx 7644 had modest antimycobacterial activity while RBx 8700 has potent antibacterial and concentration dependent activity against all slow growing mycobacteria. It demonstrated better activity than RBx 7644 against MDR strains of M. tuberculosis along with intracellular activity. Toxicity, especially myelosuppression, has been an important limiting factor for development of an oxazolidinones. The GM-CSF assay has helped in selecting molecules with less myleosuppressive potential. We report, a review on the promising antituberculosis activities of the class oxazolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sood
- Infectious Diseases, New Drug Discovery Research, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Plot No. 20, Sector -18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon-122 001, India.
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Shivachandra SB, Kumar AA, Gautam R, Singh VP, Saxena MK, Srivastava SK. Identification of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in India by conventional and PCR assays. Vet J 2006; 172:561-4. [PMID: 15994103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of capsular and somatic serotypes were studied among 123 Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from chickens (n=94), ducks (22), quails (4), turkeys (2) and geese (1) from different geographical regions of India. All strains exhibited similar cultural and morphological characteristics. Ninety-two of the isolates belonged to serotype A:1, the most prevalent serotype, with serotypes A:3, A:1,3, D:3 and F:3 having two isolates each. Only one isolate was positive for serotypes A:4 and D:1. Twenty isolates were untyped. A multiplex capsular PCR assay generated amplicons of sizes approximately 460, approximately 1044, approximately 657 and approximately 854 bp in 106 isolates identified as capsular serotype-A, 15 in serotype D and two in serotype F. Capsular types B and E were not detected in any of the avian isolates studied. The present findings suggest that a multiplex capsular PCR assay may be suitable for the rapid initial identification serotypes P. multocida during epidemiological studies of fowl cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Shivachandra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
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Shivachandra SB, Kumar AA, Gautam R, Joseph S, Saxena MK, Chaudhuri P, Srivastava SK. Characterization of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida by restriction endonuclease and amplified fragment length polymorphism. Res Vet Sci 2006; 81:8-18. [PMID: 16427104 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian strains of Pasteurella multocida were typed by employing restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and single enzyme-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to evaluate their applicability for epidemiological studies of fowl cholera outbreaks. A total of 72 strains isolated from different avian species (chicken, duck, turkey, quail and goose) belonging to various geographical regions of India were characterized. REA using two different enzymes HhaI and HpaII produced 9 and 18 clusters respectively, whereas Single enzyme-AFLP recognized 32 patterns out of 72 strains typed. The study indicated that REA using HpaII is a simple and resource efficient method, however, further typing with more stringent and rapid method like Single enzyme-AFLP, could drastically enhance investigation in epidemiological studies of fowl cholera outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Shivachandra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India.
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Shivachandra SB, Kumar AA, Gautam R, Joseph S, Chaudhuri P, Saxena MK, Srivastava SK, Singh N. Detection of Pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected embryonated chicken eggs by PCR assay. Indian J Exp Biol 2006; 44:321-4. [PMID: 16629376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Applicability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect Pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected embryonated chicken egg was assessed in the present study. PCR assay rapidly and specifically detected the genome of P. multocida in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid and homogenates of infected embryo and its membranes. The sensitivity of detection was as low as 20 bacterial cells/ml of allantoic or amniotic fluids. Detection of P. multocida in dead embryos by PCR was possible up to 6 and 30 days or more following storage of dead embryos at 37 degrees C, and at 4 degrees C as well as at -20 degrees C, respectively. The study revealed that PCR assays could be employed directly for detection and confirmation of P. multocida infection in experimentally infected chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Shivachandra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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