1
|
Kirk AM, Crawford JC, Chou CH, Guy C, Pandey K, Kozlik T, Shah RK, Chung S, Nguyen P, Zhang X, Wang J, Bell M, Mettelman RC, Allen EK, Pogorelyy MV, Kim H, Minervina AA, Awad W, Bajracharya R, White T, Long D, Gordon B, Morrison M, Glazer ES, Murphy AJ, Jiang Y, Fitzpatrick EA, Yarchoan M, Sethupathy P, Croft NP, Purcell AW, Federico SM, Stewart E, Gottschalk S, Zamora AE, DeRenzo C, Strome SE, Thomas PG. DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion neoantigens elicit rare endogenous T cell responses that potentiate cell therapy for fibrolamellar carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101469. [PMID: 38508137 PMCID: PMC10983114 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a liver tumor with a high mortality burden and few treatment options. A promising therapeutic vulnerability in FLC is its driver mutation, a conserved DNAJB1-PRKACA gene fusion that could be an ideal target neoantigen for immunotherapy. In this study, we aim to define endogenous CD8 T cell responses to this fusion in FLC patients and evaluate fusion-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) for use in cellular immunotherapies. We observe that fusion-specific CD8 T cells are rare and that FLC patient TCR repertoires lack large clusters of related TCR sequences characteristic of potent antigen-specific responses, potentially explaining why endogenous immune responses are insufficient to clear FLC tumors. Nevertheless, we define two functional fusion-specific TCRs, one of which has strong anti-tumor activity in vivo. Together, our results provide insights into the fragmented nature of neoantigen-specific repertoires in humans and indicate routes for clinical development of successful immunotherapies for FLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Kirk
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ching-Heng Chou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kirti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tanya Kozlik
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ravi K Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shanzou Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Matthew Bell
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Walid Awad
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Resha Bajracharya
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Toni White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Donald Long
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Brittney Gordon
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michelle Morrison
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yixing Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fitzpatrick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nathan P Croft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sara M Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony E Zamora
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott E Strome
- College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah RK, Cygan E, Kozlik T, Colina A, Zamora AE. Utilizing immunogenomic approaches to prioritize targetable neoantigens for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301100. [PMID: 38149253 PMCID: PMC10749952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics algorithms have expanded our ability to identify tumor-specific somatic mutation-derived antigens (neoantigens). While recent studies have shown neoantigens to be compelling targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their foreign nature and high immunogenicity, the need for increasingly accurate and cost-effective approaches to rapidly identify neoantigens remains a challenging task, but essential for successful cancer immunotherapy. Currently, gene expression analysis and algorithms for variant calling can be used to generate lists of mutational profiles across patients, but more care is needed to curate these lists and prioritize the candidate neoantigens most capable of inducing an immune response. A growing amount of evidence suggests that only a handful of somatic mutations predicted by mutational profiling approaches act as immunogenic neoantigens. Hence, unbiased screening of all candidate neoantigens predicted by Whole Genome Sequencing/Whole Exome Sequencing may be necessary to more comprehensively access the full spectrum of immunogenic neoepitopes. Once putative cancer neoantigens are identified, one of the largest bottlenecks in translating these neoantigens into actionable targets for cell-based therapies is identifying the cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) capable of recognizing these neoantigens. While many TCR-directed screening and validation assays have utilized bulk samples in the past, there has been a recent surge in the number of single-cell assays that provide a more granular understanding of the factors governing TCR-pMHC interactions. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of existing strategies to identify candidate neoantigens using genomics-based approaches and methods for assessing neoantigen immunogenicity. Additionally, applications, prospects, and limitations of some of the current single-cell technologies will be discussed. Finally, we will briefly summarize some of the recent models that have been used to predict TCR antigen specificity and analyze the TCR receptor repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Erin Cygan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tanya Kozlik
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alfredo Colina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anthony E. Zamora
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moe A, Rayasam A, Sauber G, Shah RK, Yuan CY, Szabo A, Moore BM, Colonna M, Cui W, Romero J, Zamora AE, Hillard CJ, Drobyski WR. MICROGLIAL CELL EXPRESSION OF THE TYPE 2 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR REGULATES IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.10.552854. [PMID: 37645843 PMCID: PMC10462026 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a recognized complication of immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, chimeric antigen receptor therapy, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While T cells and inflammatory cytokines play a role in this process, the precise interplay between the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system that propagates inflammation in the central nervous system remains incompletely understood. Using a murine model of GVHD, we demonstrate that type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) signaling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. In these studies, we identify that CB2R expression on microglial cells induces an activated inflammatory phenotype which potentiates the accumulation of donor-derived proinflammatory T cells, regulates chemokine gene regulatory networks, and promotes neuronal cell death. Pharmacological targeting of this receptor with a brain penetrant CB2R inverse agonist/antagonist selectively reduces neuroinflammation without deleteriously affecting systemic GVHD severity. Thus, these findings delineate a therapeutically targetable neuroinflammatory pathway and has implications for the attenuation of neurotoxicity after GVHD and potentially other T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hinsu AT, Patel AB, Pandit RJ, Thakkar JR, Shah RK, Jakhesara SJ, Koringa PG, Joshi CG. MetaRNAseq analysis of surti buffalo rumen content reveals that transcriptionally active microorganisms need not be abundant. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5101-5114. [PMID: 32557173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes rumen microbiota composition and their functional profiles in Indian Surti buffaloes by metagenomic (MG) and metatranscriptomic (MT) approaches. The study compares samples from buffaloes fed three different proportion of roughages; green and dry type of roughage; and different rumen liquor fractions. Irrespective of sample, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most predominant bacterial phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Fibrobacteres and Actinobacteria while, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Clostridium were the most abundant genera. Different proportions of taxa were observed in both MG and MT approaches indicating the differences in organisms present and organisms active in the rumen. Higher proportions of fungal taxa were observed in MT while important organisms like Fibrobacter and Butyrivibrio and abundant organisms like Bacteroides and Prevotella were underrepresented in MT data. Functionally, higher proportions of genes involved in Carbohydrate metabolism, Amino acid metabolism and Translation were observed in both data. Genes involved in Metabolism were observed to be underrepresented in MT data while, those involved in Genetic information processing were overrepresented in MT data. Further, genes involved in Carbohydrate metabolism were overexpressed compared to genes involved in Amino acid metabolism in MT data compared to MG data which had higher proportion of genes involved in Amino acid metabolism than Carbohydrate metabolism. In all significant differences were observed between both approaches, different fractions of rumen liquor (liquid and solid) and different proportions of roughage in diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit T Hinsu
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Avani B Patel
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh J Pandit
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Jalpa R Thakkar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi K Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Subhash J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash G Koringa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koringa PG, Thakkar JR, Pandit RJ, Hinsu AT, Parekh MJ, Shah RK, Jakhesara SJ, Joshi CG. Metagenomic characterisation of ruminal bacterial diversity in buffaloes from birth to adulthood using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:237-247. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
6
|
Sainju NK, Shah RK, Joshi SK. Screening for Hypertension and Obesity in Rural Population of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018; 16:4-7. [PMID: 30631008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease and obesity is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases around the globe. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity is gradually increasing in Nepal. Most cases in the rural population of Nepal remain undiagnosed due to lack of routine screening and awareness. Objective To screen the cases of hypertension and obesity in a rural population of Nepal and also to depict the association between them. Method A cross sectional study was used to collect data on age, sex, height, weight and blood pressure through a screening health camp. Only the respondents who were not already taking antihypertensive drugs were included in this study. The measurement of blood pressure and body mass index was done using standard instruments. Joint National Committee VII classification was used to classify hypertension and World Health Organization classification was used for Body Mass Index. Analysis was done in IBM SPSS version 20. Result Out of the total respondents, 69.8% were female and 30.2% were male, and mean age was 48.73 (±16.25) years. Among them, 375 (30.17%) respondents were found to be hypertensive and 137 (11.02%) were pre-hypertensive. Similarly, 27% male participants and 72 % female participants were obese. Almost three-fifths of the obese participants were hypertensive. Conclusion Pre-hypertension and hypertension were seen in 11.02% and 30.17% of the study population respectively. As routine screening of hypertension and obesity is not done in our country, most of them remain undiagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Sainju
- Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R K Shah
- Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S K Joshi
- Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah RK, Byanju R. A Case of Rare Choroidal Tumor, Choroidal Osteoma. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2017; 15:347-349. [PMID: 30580355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal osteoma is a rare benign tumor of unknown etiology, commonly found in young asymptomatic females in their second or third decade of life. It typically appears as an orange-yellow to yellow-white lesion in juxtapapillary region which can extend over to involve macula. Lesion solely located in macular region is less common. Diagnosis is based on fundoscopic appearance and findings of ancillary tests like B scan ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and computerized tomography (CT) scan. We report a case of unilateral macular choroidal osteoma in a fifteen-year-old girl with normal vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Bharatpur Eye Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - R Byanju
- Bharatpur Eye Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah RK, Patel AK, Davla DM, Parikh IK, Subramanian RB, Patel KC, Jakhesara SJ, Joshi CG. Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and functional characterization of a cellulolytic enzyme (Cel PRII) from buffalo rumen metagenome. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:257. [PMID: 28733938 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cellulase encoding gene, Cel PRII, was identified from Mehsani buffalo rumen metagenome, and cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. The 1170 bp full length gene encodes a 389 residue polypeptide (Cel PRII) containing a catalytic domain belonging to glycosyl hydrolase (GH) 5 family. The fusion protein consisting of the Cel PRII, thioredoxin tag and 6x Histidine tag with predicted molecular weight of 63 kDa when recovered from inclusion bodies under denaturing conditions, exhibited cellulolytic activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Recombinant Cel PRII was stable in the pH range 4.0-10.0 with pH optima 6.0. The optimal reaction temperature of Cel PRII was 30 °C with more than 50% of its activity retained at the temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 °C. Cel PRII exhibited enhanced enzymatic activity in the presence of Mn2+ ions and was inhibited in the presence of chelating agent EDTA. The K m and V max values for CMC were found to be 166 mg/mL and 1292 IU/mg, respectively. Cel PRII identified in the present study may act as an excellent candidate for industrial applications, and may aid in lignocellulosic biomass conversion because of its potential cellulolytic activity, thermostability, and excellent pH stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388110, India
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315, India
| | - Amrutlal K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388110, India
- Hester Biosciences Ltd., Merda-Adraj, Kadi, 382728, India
| | - Deepti M Davla
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388110, India
| | - Ishan K Parikh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388110, India
- Zydus Vaccine Technology Centre, Changodar, Ahmedabad, 382213, India
| | | | - Kamlesh C Patel
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315, India
| | - Subhash J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388110, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388110, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shil S, Joshi RS, Joshi CG, Patel AK, Shah RK, Patel N, Jakhesara SJ, Kundu S, Reddy B, Koringa PG, Rank DN. Transcriptomic comparison of primary bovine horn core carcinoma culture and parental tissue at early stage. Vet World 2017; 10:38-55. [PMID: 28246447 PMCID: PMC5301178 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.38-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma or SCC of horn in bovines (bovine horn core carcinoma) frequently observed in Bos indicus affecting almost 1% of cattle population. Freshly isolated primary epithelial cells may be closely related to the malignant epithelial cells of the tumor. Comparison of gene expression in between horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage primary culture using next generation sequencing was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Whole transcriptome sequencing of horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage cells using Ion Torrent PGM were done. Comparative expression and analysis of different genes and pathways related to cancer and biological processes associated with malignancy, proliferating capacity, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, adhesion, cohesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolic pathways were identified. Results: Up-regulated genes in SCC of horn’s early passage cells were involved in transporter activity, catalytic activity, nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity, biogenesis, cellular processes, biological regulation and localization and the down-regulated genes mainly were involved in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and spliceosome activity. Conclusion: The experiment revealed similar transcriptomic nature of horn’s SCC tissue and its early passage cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharadindu Shil
- Veterinary Officer (WBAH & VS), West Bengal Animal Resources Development Department, Bankura - 772 152, West Bengal, India; Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - R S Joshi
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - C G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Patel
- Hester Biosciences Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi K Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Namrata Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Subhash J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Sumana Kundu
- Veterinary Officer, MVC Sarenga, Government of West Bengal, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Reddy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - P G Koringa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - D N Rank
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India; Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shah RK, Patel AK, Shah TM, Singh KM, Nathani NM, Joshi CG. Analysis of Community Structure and Species Richness of Protozoa-Enriched Rumen Metagenome from Indian Surti by Shotgun Sequencing. CURR SCI INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v111/i1/184-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Singh KM, Patel AK, Shah RK, Reddy B, Joshi CG. Potential functional gene diversity involved in methanogenesis and methanogenic community structure in Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen. J Appl Genet 2015; 56:411-26. [PMID: 25663664 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the methanogen community structure and methanogenesis from Bubalus bubalis in India may be beneficial to methane mitigation. Our current understanding of the microbial processes leading to methane production is incomplete, and further advancement in the knowledge of methanogenesis pathways would provide means to manipulate its emission in the future. In the present study, we evaluated the methanogenic community structure in the rumen as well as their potential genes involved in methanogenesis. The taxonomic and metabolic profiles of methanogens were assessed by shotgun sequencing of rumen metagenome by Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing. The buffalo rumen contained representative genera of all the families of methanogens. Members of Methanobacteriaceae were found to be dominant, followed by Methanosarcinaceae, Methanococcaceae, Methanocorpusculaceae, and Thermococcaceae. A total of 60 methanogenic genera were detected in buffalo rumen. Methanogens related to the genera Methanobrevibacter, Methanosarcina, Methanococcus, Methanocorpusculum, Methanothermobacter, and Methanosphaera were predominant, representing >70 % of total archaeal sequences. The metagenomic dataset indicated the presence of genes involved in the methanogenesis and acetogenesis pathways, and the main functional genes were those of key enzymes in the methanogenesis. Sequences related to CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase, methyl coenzyme M reductase, f420-dependent methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase, and formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase were predominant in rumen. In addition, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase were also recovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patel AK, Shah RK, Patel UA, Tripathi AK, Joshi CG. Goat activin receptor type IIB knockdown by muscle specific promoter driven artificial microRNAs. J Biotechnol 2014; 187:87-97. [PMID: 25107506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Activin receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) is a transmembrane receptor which mediates signaling of TGF beta superfamily ligands known to function in regulation of muscle mass, embryonic development and reproduction. ACVR2B antagonism has shown to enhance the muscle growth in several disease and transgenic models. Here, we show ACVR2B knockdown by RNA interference using muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter driven artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs). Among the various promoter elements tested, the ∼1.26 kb MCK promoter region showed maximum transcriptional activity in goat myoblasts cells. We observed up to 20% silencing in non-myogenic 293T cells and up to 32% silencing in myogenic goat myoblasts by MCK directed amiRNAs by transient transfection. Goat myoblasts stably integrated with MCK directed amiRNAs showed merely 8% silencing in proliferating myoblasts which was increased to 34% upon induction of differentiation at transcript level whereas up to 57% silencing at protein level. Knockdown of ACVR2B by 5'-UTR derived amiRNAs resulted in decreased SMAD2/3 signaling, increased expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and enhanced proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Unexpectedly, knockdown of ACVR2B by 3'-UTR derived amiRNAs resulted in increased SMAD2/3 signaling, reduced expression of MRFs and suppression of myogenesis. Our study offers muscle specific knockdown of ACVR2B as a potential strategy to enhance muscle mass in the farm animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutlal K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, India
| | - Ravi K Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, India
| | - Utsav A Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, India
| | - Ajai K Tripathi
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shah SB, Mishra AK, Chalise P, Shah RK, Singh RP, Shrivatava MP. Outcome of treatment of nonunion tibial shaft fracture by intramedullary interlocking nail augmentated with autogenous cancellous bone graft. Nepal Med Coll J 2014; 16:58-62. [PMID: 25799814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess results of operative treatment of non union fracture shaft of Tibia by intramedullary interlocking nail augmented with autogenous cancellous bone graft in our setup. A total of 25 nonunion tibial shaft fractures were evaluated among which 20 cases were male and 5 female with the mean age 31.84 years. Hypertrophic non-union were 14 and atrophic non union were 11. Upper one third of tibial diaphysis was involved in 4 cases, middle one third in 14 cases and lower one third in 7 cases. In all cases open reduction, interlocking nailing and autogenous cancellous bone graft was applied. The mean follow up was one year. Mean time for healing was 8.08 months. Mean operation time was 110 minutes (range 70 to 160 minutes). Satisfactory results (excellent and good) were achieved in 88% cases and unsatisfactory (fair and poor) results in 12% cases. This operative treatment option appears to have a high success rate and should be considered in nonunion of tibial diaphysis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Patel AK, Shah RK, Parikh IK, Joshi CG. Goat activin receptor type IIB knockdown by artificial microRNAs in vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:424-36. [PMID: 25080379 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Activin receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) has been known to negatively regulate the muscle growth through mediating the action of transforming growth factor beta superfamily ligands. Recently, the artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) which are processed by endogenous miRNA processing machinery have been proposed as promising approach for efficient gene knockdown. We evaluated amiRNAs targeting goat ACVR2B in HEK293T and goat myoblasts cells. The amiRNAs were designed based on the miR-155 backbone and cloned in 5'- and 3'-UTR of GFP reporter gene under the CMV promoter. Although both 5'- and 3'-UTR-amiRNAs vectors showed efficient synthesis of GFP transcripts, amiRNAs in 5'-UTR drastically affected GFP protein synthesis in transfected goat myoblast cells. Among the four amiRNAs targeting ACVR2B derived from either 5'- or 3'-UTR, ami318 showed highest silencing efficiency against exogenously co-expressed ACVR2B in both 293T and goat myoblast cells whereas ami204 showed highest silencing efficiency against endogenous ACVR2B in goat myoblasts cells. The 3'-UTR-derived amiRNA exerted higher knockdown efficiency against endogenous ACVR2B at transcript level whereas 5'-UTR-derived amiRNAs exerted higher knockdown efficiency at protein level. The expression of ACVR2B showed positive correlation with the expression of MYOD (r = 0.744; p = 0.009) and MYOG (r = 0.959; p = 0.000) in the amiRNA-transfected myoblasts. Although both 5'- and 3'-UTR-amiRNA vectors led to substantial induction of interferon response, the magnitude of the response was found to be higher with the 3'-UTR-amiRNA vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutlal K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patel AK, Tripathi AK, Shah RK, Patel UA, Joshi CG. Assessment of goat activin receptor type IIB knockdown by short hairpin RNAs in vitro. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:506-12. [PMID: 24870261 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.922574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted knockdown of ACVR2B, a receptor for TGF beta superfamily, has been seen as a potential candidate to enhance the muscle mass through RNAi approach. METHODS We have evaluated the potential short hairpin RNAs targeting goat ACVR2B in human HEK293T cells and goat myoblasts cells by transient transfection and measured their knockdown efficiency and possible undesired interferon response by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed a significant silencing (64-81%) of ACVR2B in 293T cells with all seven shRNAs (sh1 to sh7) constructs and 16-46% silencing with maximum of 46% by sh6 (p = 0.0318) against endogenous ACVR2B whereas up to 66% (p = 0.0002) silencing by sh6 against exogenously expressed ACVR2B in goat myoblasts cells. Transient knockdown of ACVR2B in goat myoblasts cells by shRNAs did not show significant correlation with the expression of MyoD (r = 0.547; p = 0.102), myogenin (r = 0.517; p = 0.126) and Myf5 (r = 0.262; p = 0.465). As reported earlier, transfection of plasmid DNA induced potent interferon response in 293T and goat myoblasts cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the targeted knockdown of ACVR2B by shRNAs in HEK293T and goat myoblasts cells in vitro. The transient knockdown of ACVR2B by shRNAs in goat myoblasts did not alter the myogenic gene expression program. However, shRNAs showing significant knockdown efficiency in our study may further be tested for long term and stable knockdown to assess their potential to use for enhancing muscle mass in vivo. As reported earlier, expression of shRNAs through plasmid expression vectors induces potent interferon response raising the concern of safety of its application in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutlal K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University , Anand, Gujarat , India , and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tripathi AK, Patel AK, Shah RK, Patel AB, Shah TM, Bhatt VD, Joshi CG. Transcriptomic dissection of myogenic differentiation signature in caprine by RNA-Seq. Mech Dev 2014; 132:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Patel AK, Tripathi AK, Patel UA, Shah RK, Joshi CG. Myostatin knockdown and its effect on myogenic gene expression program in stably transfected goat myoblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:587-96. [PMID: 24682647 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, is a proven candidate to modulate skeletal muscle mass through targeted gene knockdown approach. Here, we report myostatin (MSTN) knockdown in goat myoblasts stably expressing small hairpin RNA (shRNAs) against MSTN gene through lentivirus vector-mediated integration. We observed 72% (p = 0.003) and 54% (p = 0.022) downregulation of MSTN expression with sh2 shRNA compared to empty vector control and untransduced myoblasts, respectively. The knockdown of MSTN expression was accompanied with concomitant downregulation of myogenic regulatory factor MYOD (77%, p = 0.001), MYOG (94%, p = 0.000), and MYF5 (36%, p = 0.000), cell cycle regulator p21 (62%, p = 0.000), MSTN receptor ACVR2B (23%, p = 0.061), MSTN antagonist follistatin (81%, p = 0.000), and downstream signaling mediators SMAD2 (20%, p = 0.060) and SMAD3 (49%, p = 0.006). However, the expression of MYF6 was upregulated by 14% compared to control lentivirus-transduced myoblasts (p = 0.354) and 79% compared to untransduced myoblasts (p = 0.018) in sh2 shRNA-transduced goat myoblasts cells. Although, MSTN knockdown led to sustained cell proliferation of myoblasts, the myoblasts fusion was suppressed in both MSTN knocked down and control lentivirus-transduced myoblasts. The expression of interferon response gene OAS1 was significantly upregulated in control lentivirus (10.86-fold; p = 0.000)- and sh2 (1.71-fold; p = 0.002)-integrated myoblasts compared to untransduced myoblasts. Our study demonstrates stable knockdown of MSTN in goat myoblasts cells and its potential for use in generation of transgenic goat by somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutlal K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Talib SH, Shah RK, Nikam P, Jaiswal P, Inamdar A. Systemic Wegener's granulomatosis with severe oculo-otological manifestations. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:566-569. [PMID: 24818344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A case of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's) is described in which the common presenting symptoms were hoarseness, deafness and ocular manifestations including marked redness and congestion of both eyes. The case findings and other systemic involvements are reviewed briefly along with histological and immunological discussions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Patel J, Shah RK, Nirvan AB, Patel PR, Trivedi BD. The persistent sciatic artery: A case report. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - PR Patel
- OrthopaedicsSmt. NHL Municipal Medical CollegeAhmedabadIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sreeramareddy CT, Ramakrishnareddy N, Shah RK, Baniya R, Swain PK. Clinico-epidemiological profile and diagnostic procedures of pediatric tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal-a case-series analysis. BMC Pediatr 2010; 10:57. [PMID: 20696041 PMCID: PMC2923129 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changing epidemiology and diagnostic difficulties of paediatric tuberculosis (TB) are being increasingly reported. Our aim was to describe clinico-epidemiological profile and diagnostic procedures used for paediatric TB. Methods A retrospective case-series analysis was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital of western Nepal. All pediatric TB (age 0-14 years) patients registered in DOTS clinic during the time period from March, 2003 to July, 2008 were included. Medical case files were reviewed for information on demography, clinical findings, investigations and final diagnosis. Analysis was done on SPSS package. Results were expressed as rates and proportions. Chi square test was used to test for statistical significance. Results About 17.2% (162/941) of TB patients were children. Common symptoms were cough, fever and lymph node swelling. The types of TB were pulmonary TB (46.3%, 75/162), followed by extra-pulmonary TB (41.4%, 67/162). Twelve patients (7.4%) had disseminated TB. Distribution of types of TB according to gender was similar. PTB was common in younger age than EPTB which was statistically significant. EPTB was mainly localized to lymph node (38, 50.7%), and abdomen (9, 12%). Five main investigations namely Mantoux test, BCG test, chest radiograph, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or biopsy were carried out to diagnose TB. Conclusions Paediatric TB in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms is a common occurrence in our setting. Age incidence according to type of TB was significant. Diagnosis was based on a combination of epidemiological and clinical suspicion supported by results of various investigations.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mishra AK, Chalise P, Singh RP, Shah RK. The proximal femur--a second look at rational of implant design. Nepal Med Coll J 2009; 11:278-280. [PMID: 20635610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Twenty five pairs (50 bones) of cadaveric femora were studied morphologically and radio logically using standardized techniques to obtain anthropometric data to evaluate the applicability of internationally designed implant and to generate a database for proximal femur to help in design for future implant if these were found unsuitable. MEASUREMENTS femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, diameter of proximal femur, canal width at above and below lesser trochanter and 7.5 cm below lower margin of lesser trochanter, endosteal and extracortical width, isthmus position from lesser trochanter, femoral neck anteversion, neck shaft angle and intramedullary axis of femur. The mean +/- SD of these values were calculated. These values were compared with those reported in the literature for Hong Kong Chinese, Caucasians and were found to be different. The implant designed for western population should be used judiciously and facture implant designed should be specific for (ours) bones. We found the pyriformis fossa is usually not in line with the intramedullary axis. Thus antegrade itramedullary nailing portal should be anterior and lateral to pyriformis fossa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Department of Orthopedic, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kenjale RD, Shah RK, Sathaye SS. Anti-stress and anti-oxidant effects of roots of Chlorophytum borivilianum (Santa Pau & Fernandes). Indian J Exp Biol 2007; 45:974-979. [PMID: 18072542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of C. borivilianum (250 mg/kg for 7 days) significantly reverted the elevated levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and serum corticosterone and also reduced the ulcer index, adrenal gland weight more as effectively as the standard drug (diazepam) in rats. At 125 mg/kg po, it showed a mild anti-stress activity. Under in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) free radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay the extract considerably inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the levels of DPPH* free radicals and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, respectively thus showing significant antioxidant property. The results suggested that it could be used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Kenjale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bhatia N, Shah RK, Villacorta M, McQuillan R, Annino DJ, Rebeiz EE. Effect of rehabilitation facility location on outcomes in head and neck surgical patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2006; 15:458-62. [PMID: 17177903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2006.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the significance of in-hospital rehabilitation facility vs. distant rehabilitation facilities in the outcomes and complications of post-operative head and neck surgical patients. Retrospective review of head and neck surgical patients was conducted over a 5-year period at a tertiary care medical centre. Fifty patients met criteria for this study (35 males, 15 females). Forty-two patients had a primary squamous cell carcinoma and eight patients had other primary malignancies of the head and neck. Thirty-two patients were placed in an in-hospital rehabilitation facility and 18 patients were placed in distant rehabilitation facilities (average distance 40.9 miles). Seventeen patients (34%) had complications including infection/drainage (seven patients), fistula (six patients), pneumonia (two patients), wound dehiscence (two patients) and other minor complications. The difference complication rate among the two groups was not statistically significant (37.5% in-hospital rehabilitation, 27.8% distant rehabilitation; P=0.496). The rate of hospital re-admission was not statistically significant (25% in-hospital rehabilitation patients, 16.7% distant rehabilitation patients; P=0.505). The average length of stay of patients without complications was 18.5 days (SD=5.8) for in-hospital rehabilitation and 12.9 days (SD=17) for distant rehabilitation. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.346). In summary, one-third of post-operative head and neck surgical patients developed complications while in a rehabilitation facility. The length of stay, hospital re-admission rate and frequency of complications does not correlate with the proximity of the rehabilitation facility to the hospital where the patients received their surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Bhatia
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shah AR, Shah RK, Madamwar D. Improvement of the quality of whole wheat bread by supplementation of xylanase from Aspergillus foetidus. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97:2047-53. [PMID: 16307877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The possible use of xylanase from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 4898 as a bread improver was tested in whole wheat bread. The partially purified xylanase was used as an additive at 12 U/g during mixing of wheat flour. The effects of xylanase addition on the fermentation stage and the final bread quality were analyzed. Remarkable decrease (11%) in water absorption and increase in dough rising (28.5%) were noticed. Final moisture content of the bread was higher (40.5%) than control (32.3%). Improvements in volume (53%) and specific volume (56%) were also significant. Sensory evaluation indicated better flavour, taste, softness and overall acceptability. Texture profile analysis confirmed the rheological changes. Firmness was decreased by more than four folds. Improvements in cohesiveness and decline in springiness and gumminess were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amita R Shah
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Objectives: An audiometric finding of mid-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (MFSNHL), or a U-shaped pattern, is uncommon. The objective of this study is to investigate the aetiology and prognostic significance of MFSNHL.Design: Tertiary academic referral centre-based retrospective case review and review of audiograms to determine the prevalence of this audiometric finding.Methods: Patients with a pure tone threshold average at 1, 2, and 4 kHz at least 10 dB greater than the average at 0.5 and 8 kHz were included in this study; 35 patients met these criteria. The mean age of the patients was 34.6 years old (range 4–71 years). Twelve patients (33 per cent) were under 18 years of age. Serial audiograms were obtained for 14 patients. The notes were reviewed for any pertinent otologic history, subsequent diagnoses, management and disease course.Results: The prevalence of MFSNHL in this practice setting is less than 1 per cent. The average hearing threshold in the mid-frequencies was 44 dB, which was 17 dB and 20 dB lower than at 0.5 Hz and 8 kHz, respectively. The pure tone average (0.5, 1, 2 kHz) was 40 dB. Sixteen patients (44 per cent) required amplification. Of all patients, 22 had hereditary hearing loss, eight had idiopathic hearing loss, and five adults had vestibular schwannomas.Conclusions: MFSNHL is an infrequent audiometric finding. The great majority of these cases are of presumed hereditary or idiopathic aetiology, although 22 per cent of adults had vestibular schwannomas. This series presents the causes and prognosis of this audiometric pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts--New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shrivastava MP, Shah RK, Singh RP. Treatment of fracture dislocation of talus by primary tibiotalar arthrodesis (Blair fusion). Injury 2005; 36:823-6. [PMID: 15949482 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2004.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Revised: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a retrospective clinical and radiological study of eight patients who underwent primary Blair tibiotalar arthrodesis for Hawkins' grade III fractures of the neck of talus. The average age of the patients was 23 years and the average follow-up, was 2 years. Results were good in six patients, fair in one and poor in one. It is concluded that the displaced talar fractures with late presentation are challenging to treat and Blair fusion is a reasonable procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Shrivastava
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, P.O. Box 13344, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shah RK, Singh RP, Shah NP. Acute pyogenic iliopsoas abscess in children in Nepal. Trop Doct 2004; 34:242-3. [PMID: 15510959 DOI: 10.1177/004947550403400423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe a prospective study of twenty-four cases of acute pyogenic abscess of the iliopsoas in children treated conservatively and operatively. Eight patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics alone while sixteen others were managed operatively by open drainage. All made a complete recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Orthopaedic & Trauma Clinic, Janakpurdham, Nepal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shah RK, Oto A, Ozkan OS, Ernst RD, Hernandez JA, Chaudhary HB, Koroglu M. Adrenal oncocytoma: US and CT findings. JBR-BTR 2004; 87:180-2. [PMID: 15487257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of an oncocytoma occurring in the adrenal gland, a rare location, and describe US and CT findings of this tumor in our patient. The mass was well marginated but heterogeneous on both CT and US and unfortunately the imaging findings of the tumor are non-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Radiology, 301 University Blvd., Galveston,Texas 77555-0709, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shah RK, Verdi TS, Green M. Postoperative orthopaedic infections in Nepal. Trop Doct 2004; 34:60-1. [PMID: 14959991 DOI: 10.1177/004947550403400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of training programmes for the village health practitioners aimed at improving primary orthopaedic and trauma care in our rural setting. MATERIALS & METHODS Six year prospective study of training workshops in local health institutions was carried out using locally available manpower and materials. RESULTS After 6 years the evaluation of this programme shows a significantly improved (p < 0.05) knowledge base and working skills after completion of training workshop. SUMMARY To avoid unnecessary complications, effective primary health care provided by an appropriately trained person should be available at the peripheral level. This training programme seems successful in achieving this goal and hence needs adoption for wider use in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traum Surgery, Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mohindra Y, Shah RK, Gupta MC, Agrawal RP. A Clinical Study of the Internal Compression Fixation in the Diaphyseal Fracture of Tibia. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2003. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Despite laser applications targetted toward tonsillar tissue, there has been no characterization of underlying optical and thermal events during laser irradiation of tonsillar tissue. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The optical properties of canine and human tonsils were determined at 805 nm (diode laser) and 1,064 nm (Nd:YAG laser). An optical-thermal simulation was developed to predict the temperature rise in irradiated human tonsils. RESULTS The optical properties of human and canine tonsillar tissue are similar at both wavelengths. The optical-thermal simulation was validated and predicts that at 10 W and 1 minute of irradiation, the heat will be contained within the human tonsil. The diode laser causes more superficial heating than the Nd:YAG laser. CONCLUSIONS The safety of irradiating human tonsils was shown. The diode laser is superior to the Nd:YAG laser because less heat affects collateral structures. The optical-thermal simulation detailed in this study can be used to predict the temperature rise in tissues undergoing irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study examined the role of the pulsed-dye laser (PDL) at 585 nm coupled with retinoic acid at therapeutic (5.0 mg/kg) and nontherapeutic (0.5 mg/kg) doses to delay the progression of cancer with a two-hit approach. The existing vasculature is selectively targeted by the laser, whereas retinoic acid inhibits future angiogenesis. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, prospective study in a murine model. METHODS Twenty-five athymic nude mice were inoculated with oral squamous cell cancers on six flank sites and randomly divided into five groups: 1) control subjects, 2) treatment with 0.5 mg/kg retinoic acid (RA 0.5), 3) treatment with 5.0 mg/kg retinoic acid (RA 5.0), 4) treatment with RA 0.5 + PDL, and 5) treatment with RA 5.0 + PDL. The PDL groups received irradiation after inoculation. The retinoic acid was administered daily. The tumors were counted and measured for 14 days. RESULTS The control group developed visible tumors in 50% of the inoculation sites at 3 days compared with 3 days (RA 0.5) and 4 days (RA 5.0) for the retinoic acid groups and 9 days (RA 0.5 + PDL) and 10 days (RA 5.0 + PDL) for the laser treatment groups. There was no tumor growth until day 7 in the RA 5.0 + PDL group. The tumor volume was statistically different between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the superiority of a single treatment with the PDL coupled with retinoic acid to delay the progression of cancer when compared with treatment with retinoic acid alone, thus introducing a novel strategy in cancer control.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Disease Models, Animal
- Laser Therapy
- Lithotripsy, Laser
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Prospective Studies
- Random Allocation
- Time Factors
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Research Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mucosa intact laser tonsillar ablation is an alternative to conventional tonsillectomy. The efficacy of this procedure was demonstrated in canines, but establishing the safety of irradiating human tonsils is paramount. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS An optical-thermal simulation of tonsillar tissue irradiation was previously developed, but the effect of varying parameters was not investigated. The tissue response to irradiation at 5-25 watts for 1 minute and 10 watts for 10 seconds to 162 seconds is simulated. RESULTS At 15 watts and greater, the peak temperature is over 100 degrees C and the mucosal temperature is over 70 degrees C. At the depth of the tonsil, the temperature does not vary significantly. The peak temperature is at 1 mm. The radial temperature profile is not significantly altered by longer irradiation times. CONCLUSIONS The optimal dosimetry parameters for irradiation of human tonsillar tissue at 805 nm with the MILTA technique is under 15 watts for approximately 1 minute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pandit AA, Shah RK, Shenoy SG. Adult filarial worm in a fine needle aspirate of a soft tissue swelling. Acta Cytol 1997; 41:944-6. [PMID: 9167733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
36
|
Abstract
The patuka is a special piece of cloth worn around the waist by heavy workers and mountain porters in Nepal. An investigation was carried out to study its role in preventing pain in the back. Observations of intra-abdominal pressure and the lumbosacral compression force confirmed that the patuka might be responsible for the low incidence of back pain in those wearing it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- University Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Excessive gingiva can result from delayed or altered tooth eruption. This condition should be considered in restorative dentistry, orthodontic and esthetic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C I Evian
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
A pilot survey of 55 persons from the traditional patuka-wearing population in the central region of Nepal was conducted during May 1991 to study the significance of the traditional use of the patuka around the waist as related to the prevention of back pain. The hypothesis that a patuka functions like a spinal support and hence prevents back pain in the workers and porters in Nepal appears to be supported by the results of this epidemio-clinico-radiological pilot research. Hence its traditional use in Nepal appears to be justified on scientific grounds and it seems rational to recommend the use of this indigenous, simple and cost-effective spinal support to people facing the risk of back pain. However, only a broad epidemiological survey and/or double-blind study can establish reliably its role in clinical or ergonomic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- University Dept of Orthopaedic & Accident Surgery, The University of Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
One hundred and thirty five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children clinically diagnosed Pyogenic meningitis (in and around Ahmedabad) were subjected to physical, bacteriological, cytological and biochemical examinations. It was found that all CSF specimens were turbid, the culture positivity varied form 12.12 to 56%. The highest percentage was found in children of less than one year of age. The average percentage of culture positivity was 28.68%. The result of gram stain was more than that of cultural examination. Gram stain of CSF was specific, accurate and highly valuable in the diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. Among gram positive organisms isolated, Staphylococcus aureus was highest (8.8%) followed by Diplococcus pneumoniae (3.7%), but Klebsiella was predominant (6.6%) among gram negative bacilli. Staph. aureus was 100% sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ampicillin. The results of cytological and biochemical tests correlated (67.1%). There was increase in polymorphs and protein, sugar levels decreased.
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
|
42
|
Shah RK, Sharma DP. Appropriate management of femoral neck fractures in Nepal. Trop Doct 1991; 21:159-61. [PMID: 1746035 DOI: 10.1177/004947559102100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The management of femoral neck fractures in the Third World has always been a problem. Its management in Nepal reflects the level of available treatments for other orthopaedic conditions, as well as for medical care in general. The most successful methods of fracture treatment have remained the simple ones, consistent with the available resources. Adherence to this philosophy of management, carried out with attention to the needs of the people, reduces the incidence of iatrogenic complications. Six years of experience in the management of femoral neck fractures by traction, plaster, McMurray's osteotomy, modified Girdlestone's excision arthroplasty and Austin Moore prosthetic replacement have been reviewed, along with the relevant literature. Non-operative management has been found to be the most satisfactory method of treatment when related to the overall medical resources in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Shah
- J M C Nursing Home, Janakpur, Nepal
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Ultrasound studies of placenta were conducted in 270 singleton normal pregnancies. Women were enrolled between 31 and 34 weeks of gestation and were followed up for the outcome of pregnancy. Women with grade III placental maturity comprised the study group (n = 64) and those with grade I placenta were enrolled as control group (n = 206). Another 100 normal women were enrolled to note the prevalence of grade III placenta at term. There was an increased incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (6.20%) and fetal distress (7.8%) in the study group compared with the control group (nil), which was statistically significant. The incidence of low birth weight was also higher (34.37%) in the study group compared with the control group (22.33%). Three women in the study group developed preeclampsia at subsequent follow up visit but none in control group (P less than 0.01). Prevalence rate of grade III placenta at term was 28%. In view of these findings preterm grade III placenta is found to be a sensitive predictor of poor perinatal outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Chitlange
- Institute for Research in Reproduction, Bombay, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nagarajan K, Talwalker PK, Goud AN, Shah RK, Shenoy SJ. Synthesis and oral hypoglycemic properties of two 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole-3-acetic acids. Arzneimittelforschung 1989; 39:548-50. [PMID: 2667524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of beta-acetyl-2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-propionic acid (3) with n-butyl and isobutylamines affords the title acids 4 and 5, respectively, which show good oral hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. Acids 4 and 5, are also active in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Results of extensive pharmacological and acute toxicity tests are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nagarajan
- Research Centre, Hindustan Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Bombay, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bhat PS, Kattakkayam T, Shah RK, Reddy MM, Narayanan GR. Peripartal cardiomyopathy with biventricular thrombi presenting as--acute saddle embolism--a case report. Indian Heart J 1986; 38:486-8. [PMID: 3447954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
46
|
Palumbo FB, Knapp DA, Brandon BM, Knapp DE, Solomon DK, Klein LS, Shah RK. Detecting prescribing problems through drug usage review: a case study. Am J Hosp Pharm 1977; 34:152-4. [PMID: 557287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective drug usage review was performed on 1,033 randomly sampled prescription orders from the outpatient pharmacy of a hospital and clinic system. Prescription orders were screened in accordance with criteria based on daily dosage, length of therapy or quantity dispenced, diagnosis, and labeling. The results of the study point to a number of potential prescribing problems. In addition, the study demonstrates the feasibility of collecting and analyzing drug usage data on a retrospective basis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Among a series of 5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocinnolines examined for their CNS activity, 1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-7,7-dimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocinnoline (23) and 1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-3-phenyl-5-oxo-7,7-dimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocinnoline (27) had sedative and anticonvulsant properties and were also acitve in tests used to characterize antidepressants. But their narrow safety margin precluded further follow-up studies. Derivatives 35-38 of 2-(omega-phenacyl)-3-hydrazino-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenone were active in tests used to characterize antidepressants and were weakly sedative but not anticonvulsant.
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
Shah RK, Singh YI, Sanjana RK, Chaudhary N, Saldanha D. Study of Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Klebsiella species in various clinical specimens: A preliminary report. J Coll Med Sci-Nepal 1970. [DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study has been undertaken to detect the presence of ESBLs producing Klebsiella species in various clinical specimens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and methods The study consists of 60 clinical isolates of Klebsiella species from various clinical specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory, Kasturba Medical College Teaching Hospital Mangalore over a period of one year, between 1st January 2007 to 31st December, 2007. All isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically by standard procedures and ESBLs production was detected by re-arranging routine discs in a novel predictor disc approximation method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method where Imipenem disc, an inducer was placed in center and on either side of it at 15mm distance were placed ceftazidime and cefotaxime (indicator of induction). In addition, another inducer cefoxitin was placed 15mm from cefotaxime (indicator). This was placed opposite to that of ceftazidime + clavulanic acid to avoid any affect of inducible beta-lactamase on the zone of inhibition of the latter. Results A total of 16 out of 60 Klebsiella isolates (26.66%) were found to be ESBL producers. Conclusions Imipenem was found to be the most effective antibiotic (46.66%) followed by Cefoxitin (31.66%) and Cefotaxime (30.00%). Key words: Klebsiella species; clinical specimens; ESBLs DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4070Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.19-23
Collapse
|