1
|
Papachristodoulou A, Heidegger I, Virk RK, Di Bernardo M, Kim JY, Laplaca C, Picech F, Schäfer G, De Castro GJ, Hibshoosh H, Loda M, Klocker H, Rubin MA, Zheng T, Benson MC, McKiernan JM, Dutta A, Abate-Shen C. Metformin Overcomes the Consequences of NKX3.1 Loss to Suppress Prostate Cancer Progression. Eur Urol 2024; 85:361-372. [PMID: 37659962 PMCID: PMC10902192 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidiabetic drug metformin has known anticancer effects related to its antioxidant activity; however, its clinical benefit for prostate cancer (PCa) has thus far been inconclusive. Here, we investigate whether the efficacy of metformin in PCa is related to the expression status of NKX3.1, a prostate-specific homeobox gene that functions in mitochondria to protect the prostate from aberrant oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of NKX3.1 expression and metformin efficacy in PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Functional studies were performed in vivo and in vitro in genetically engineered mouse models and human LNCaP cells, and organotypic cultures having normal or reduced/absent levels of NKX3.1. Correlative studies were performed using two independent retrospective tissue microarray cohorts of radical prostatectomies and a retrospective cohort of prostate biopsies from patients on active surveillance. INTERVENTION Metformin was administered before or after the induction of oxidative stress by treatment with paraquat. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Functional endpoints included analyses of histopathology, tumorigenicity, and mitochondrial function. Correlative endpoints include Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Metformin reversed the adverse consequences of NKX3.1 deficiency following oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, as evident by reduced tumorigenicity and restored mitochondrial function. Patients with low NKX3.1 expression showed a significant clinical benefit from taking metformin. CONCLUSIONS Metformin can overcome the adverse consequences of NKX3.1 loss for PCa progression by protecting against oxidative stress and promoting normal mitochondrial function. These functional activities and clinical correlates were observed only with low NKX3.1 expression. Thus, the clinical benefit of metformin in PCa may depend on the status of NKX3.1 expression. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer patients with low NKX3.1 are likely to benefit most from metformin treatment to delay disease progression in a precision interception paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Papachristodoulou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AT, Austria
| | - Renu K Virk
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matteo Di Bernardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Y Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Laplaca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florencia Picech
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AT, Austria
| | - Guarionex Joel De Castro
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AT, Austria
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tian Zheng
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell C Benson
- Department of Urology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M McKiernan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grewal HS, Virk RK, Carroll ME, Benvenuto LJ, Robbins H, Shah L, D'Ovidio F, Arcasoy SM. Malakoplakia Presenting as a Lung Mass in a Lung Transplant Recipient: Case Report. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:173-175. [PMID: 34973840 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung nodules or masses due to a variety of malignant or benign conditions such as opportunistic infections are observed after lung transplant. Malakoplakia is a rare complication in immunocompromised patients. Here we describe the clinical course and management of a lung transplant recipient with pulmonary malakoplakia and provide a review of the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of pulmonary malakoplakia due to Escherichia coli infection in a lung allograft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh Grewal
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Renu K Virk
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maggie E Carroll
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Luke J Benvenuto
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hilary Robbins
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lori Shah
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Frank D'Ovidio
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Selim M Arcasoy
- Columbia University Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Papachristodoulou A, Rodriguez-Calero A, Panja S, Margolskee E, Virk RK, Milner TA, Martina LP, Kim JY, Di Bernardo M, Williams AB, Maliza EA, Caputo JM, Haas C, Wang V, De Castro GJ, Wenske S, Hibshoosh H, McKiernan JM, Shen MM, Rubin MA, Mitrofanova A, Dutta A, Abate-Shen C. NKX3.1 Localization to Mitochondria Suppresses Prostate Cancer Initiation. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2316-2333. [PMID: 33893149 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide the first line of defense against the tumor-promoting effects of oxidative stress. Here we show that the prostate-specific homeoprotein NKX3.1 suppresses prostate cancer initiation by protecting mitochondria from oxidative stress. Integrating analyses of genetically engineered mouse models, human prostate cancer cells, and human prostate cancer organotypic cultures, we find that, in response to oxidative stress, NKX3.1 is imported to mitochondria via the chaperone protein HSPA9, where it regulates transcription of mitochondrial-encoded electron transport chain (ETC) genes, thereby restoring oxidative phosphorylation and preventing cancer initiation. Germline polymorphisms of NKX3.1 associated with increased cancer risk fail to protect from oxidative stress or suppress tumorigenicity. Low expression levels of NKX3.1 combined with low expression of mitochondrial ETC genes are associated with adverse clinical outcome, whereas high levels of mitochondrial NKX3.1 protein are associated with favorable outcome. This work reveals an extranuclear role for NKX3.1 in suppression of prostate cancer by protecting mitochondrial function. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings uncover a nonnuclear function for NKX3.1 that is a key mechanism for suppression of prostate cancer. Analyses of the expression levels and subcellular localization of NKX3.1 in patients at risk of cancer progression may improve risk assessment in a precision prevention paradigm, particularly for men undergoing active surveillance.See related commentary by Finch and Baena, p. 2132.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Papachristodoulou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Calero
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth Margolskee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Luis Pina Martina
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jaime Y Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matteo Di Bernardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alanna B Williams
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elvis A Maliza
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph M Caputo
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Haas
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinson Wang
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guarionex Joel De Castro
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sven Wenske
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - James M McKiernan
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang N, Virk RK, Remotti HE, McKiernan JM, Murty VV. 26. Chromosomal characterization of six new cases of Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney. Cancer Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
Virk RK, Wood T, Tiscornia-Wasserman PG. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on functioning of cytopathology laboratory: Experience and perspective from an academic centre in New York. Cytopathology 2021; 32:304-311. [PMID: 33463817 PMCID: PMC8014794 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐19 has extraordinarily impacted every facet of the health care facilities’ operations. Various strategies and policies were implemented promptly to preserve resources, not only to provide medical care to the expected massive numbers of COVID‐19 patients, but also to mitigate the contagion spread at the workplace to ensure safety of healthcare workers. All routine, non‐essential medical services and procedures were ramped down and workers deemed non‐essential were directed to work remotely from home to reduce the number of people at hospital premises and preserve much needed personal protective equipment that were in short supply at the outset of the pandemic. The laboratories did not remain unscathed and were under immense pressure to maintain workplace safety while being operational and provide best patient care with limited resources. In this paper, we share our experience and challenges that we faced in a cytopathology laboratory at a major academic centre in New York, USA during the peak of infection. This study reviews the impact of COVID‐19 on cytopathology specimen numbers during the peak of pandemic in New York City. Most specimens decreased in number and proportion except for effusion cytology which almost doubled. The rate of malignant and indeterminate diagnostic categories significantly increased while the benign category decreased, and the non‐diagnostic category remained the same. Adaptations to staffing and clinical operations to provide continuous patient care and trainee education while maintaining workplace safety are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Wood
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arriaga JM, Panja S, Alshalalfa M, Zhao J, Zou M, Giacobbe A, Madubata CJ, Kim JY, Rodriguez A, Coleman I, Virk RK, Hibshoosh H, Ertunc O, Ozbek B, Fountain J, Jeffrey Karnes R, Luo J, Antonarakis ES, Nelson PS, Feng FY, Rubin MA, De Marzo AM, Rabadan R, Sims PA, Mitrofanova A, Abate-Shen C. A MYC and RAS co-activation signature in localized prostate cancer drives bone metastasis and castration resistance. Nat Cancer 2020; 1:1082-1096. [PMID: 34085047 PMCID: PMC8171279 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the intricacies of lethal prostate cancer poses specific challenges due to difficulties in accurate modeling of metastasis in vivo. Here we show that NPK EYFP mice (for Nkx3.1 CreERT2/+ ; Pten flox/flox ; Kras LSL-G12D/+ ; R26R-CAG-LSL-EYFP/+) develop prostate cancer with a high penetrance of metastasis to bone, thereby enabling detection and tracking of bone metastasis in vivo and ex vivo. Transcriptomic and whole-exome analyses of bone metastasis from these mice revealed distinct molecular profiles conserved between human and mouse and specific patterns of subclonal branching from the primary tumor. Integrating bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data from mouse and human datasets with functional studies in vivo unravels a unique MYC/RAS co-activation signature associated with prostate cancer metastasis. Finally, we identify a gene signature with prognostic value for time to metastasis and predictive of treatment response in human patients undergoing androgen receptor therapy across clinical cohorts, thus uncovering conserved mechanisms of metastasis with potential translational significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Arriaga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mohammed Alshalalfa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Arvinas, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chioma J Madubata
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jaime Yeji Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Rodriguez
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Onur Ertunc
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Suleyman Demirel University, Training and Research Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Büşra Ozbek
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia Fountain
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang EY, Pak JS, Virk RK, Anderson CB, Healy KA, Lee JA, Benson MC, McKiernan JM. Bladder Preservation for Patients With Bladder Paragangliomas: Case Series and Review of the Literature. Urology 2020; 143:194-205. [PMID: 32437773 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bladder paragangliomas are rare tumors, with no prospective studies or guidelines on the management of this disease. We present a case series of 6 patients managed with bladder preservation over a median follow-up period of 124 months. We also present a review of the recent literature on bladder paragangliomas. We aim to provide a timely synthesis of the recent evidence on bladder paragangliomas as changing paradigms necessitate individualized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Y Wang
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
| | - Jamie S Pak
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher B Anderson
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kelly A Healy
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James A Lee
- Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mitchell C Benson
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James M McKiernan
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Broustas CG, Duval AJ, Chaudhary KR, Friedman RA, Virk RK, Lieberman HB. Targeting MEK5 impairs nonhomologous end-joining repair and sensitizes prostate cancer to DNA damaging agents. Oncogene 2020; 39:2467-2477. [PMID: 31980741 PMCID: PMC7085449 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat a variety of solid human tumors, including localized prostate cancer. However, treatment failure often ensues due to tumor intrinsic or acquired radioresistance. Here we find that the MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathway is associated with resistance to genotoxic stress in aggressive prostate cancer cells. MEK5 knockdown by RNA interference sensitizes prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and etoposide treatment, as assessed by clonogenic survival and short-term proliferation assays. Mechanistically, MEK5 downregulation impairs phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK at serine 2056 in response to IR or etoposide treatment. Although MEK5 knockdown does not influence the initial appearance of radiation- and etoposide-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci, it markedly delays their resolution, indicating a DNA repair defect. A cell-based assay shows that non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is compromised in cells with ablated MEK5 protein expression. Finally, MEK5 silencing combined with focal irradiation causes strong inhibition of tumor growth in mouse xenografts, compared with MEK5 depletion or radiation alone. These findings reveal a convergence between MEK5 signaling and DNA repair by NHEJ in conferring resistance to genotoxic stress in advanced prostate cancer and suggest targeting MEK5 as an effective therapeutic intervention in the management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Axel J Duval
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kunal R Chaudhary
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard B Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Broustas CG, Hopkins KM, Panigrahi SK, Wang L, Virk RK, Lieberman HB. RAD9A promotes metastatic phenotypes through transcriptional regulation of anterior gradient 2 (AGR2). Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:164-172. [PMID: 30295739 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RAD9A plays an important role in prostate tumorigenesis and metastasis-related phenotypes. The protein classically functions as part of the RAD9A-HUS1-RAD1 complex but can also act independently. RAD9A can selectively transactivate multiple genes, including CDKN1A and NEIL1 by binding p53-consensus sequences in or near promoters. RAD9A is overexpressed in human prostate cancer specimens and cell lines; its expression correlates with tumor progression. Silencing RAD9A in prostate cancer cells impairs their ability to form tumors in vivo and migrate as well as grow anchorage independently in vitro. We demonstrate herein that RAD9A transcriptionally controls AGR2, a gene aberrantly overexpressed in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Transient or stable knockdown of RAD9A in PC-3 cells caused downregulation of AGR2 protein abundance. Reduced AGR2 protein levels were due to lower abundance of AGR2 mRNA. The AGR2 genomic region upstream of the coding initiation site contains several p53 consensus sequences. RAD9A bound specifically to the 5'-untranslated region of AGR2 in PC-3 cells at a partial p53 consensus sequence at position +3136 downstream from the transcription start site, determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by PCR amplification. Binding of RAD9A to the p53 consensus sequence was sufficient to drive AGR2 gene transcription, shown by a luciferase reporter assay. In contrast, when the RAD9A-binding sequence on the AGR2 was mutated, no luciferase activity was detected. Knockdown of RAD9A in PC-3 cells impaired cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. However, ectopically expressed AGR2 in RAD9A-depleted PC-3 cells restored these phenotypes. Our results suggest RAD9A drives metastasis by controlling AGR2 abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin M Hopkins
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunil K Panigrahi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard B Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Le Magnen C, Virk RK, Dutta A, Kim JY, Panja S, Lopez-Bujanda ZA, Califano A, Drake CG, Mitrofanova A, Abate-Shen C. Cooperation of loss of NKX3.1 and inflammation in prostate cancer initiation. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035139. [PMID: 30266798 PMCID: PMC6262819 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that inflammation plays a critical role in prostate tumorigenesis, the underlying processes are not well understood. Based on analysis of genetically engineered mouse models combined with correlative analysis of expression profiling data from human prostate tumors, we demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between inflammation and the status of the NKX3.1 homeobox gene associated with prostate cancer initiation. We find that cancer initiation in aged Nkx3.1 mutant mice correlates with enrichment of specific immune populations and increased expression of immunoregulatory genes. Furthermore, expression of these immunoregulatory genes is similarly increased in human prostate tumors having low levels of NKX3.1 expression. We further show that induction of prostatitis in Nkx3.1 mutant mice accelerates prostate cancer initiation, which is coincident with aberrant cellular plasticity and differentiation. Correspondingly, human prostate tumors having low levels of NKX3.1 have de-regulated expression of genes associated with these cellular processes. We propose that loss of function of NKX3.1 accelerates inflammation-driven prostate cancer initiation potentially via aberrant cellular plasticity and impairment of cellular differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Le Magnen
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime Yeji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Zoila A Lopez-Bujanda
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Departments of Urology, Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Venous aneurysms are benign vascular lesions usually located in the neck, lower extremity, and abdomen, but rarely in the upper extremity. There may be a mistake or delay in diagnosis because they are uncommon. We report a case of a healthy 54-year-old man who had a cephalic venous aneurysm in his wrist that grew slowly over 20 years. The diagnosis was made on MRI and confirmed with excisional surgery. Radiologists should consider venous aneurysms in the differential when evaluating soft tissue masses as they will often be the first to make the correct diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Weeks
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital at Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., MC-28, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert J Strauch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital at Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, PH 11-1119, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital at Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, PH Stem 15-124, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tony T Wong
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital at Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., MC-28, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Virk RK, Abro S, de Ubago JMM, Pambuccian SE, Quek ML, Wojcik EM, Mehrotra S, Chatt GU, Barkan GA. The value of the UroVysion® FISH assay in the risk-stratification of patients with “atypical urothelial cells” in urinary cytology specimens. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:481-500. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K. Virk
- Department of Pathology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| | - Schuharazad Abro
- Department of Pathology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| | | | | | - Marcus L. Quek
- Department of Urology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| | - Eva M. Wojcik
- Department of Pathology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| | - Swati Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| | - Grazina U. Chatt
- Department of Pathology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| | - Güliz A. Barkan
- Department of Pathology; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL 60153
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dutta A, Panja S, Virk RK, Kim JY, Zott R, Cremers S, Golombos DM, Liu D, Mosquera JM, Mostaghel EA, Barbieri CE, Mitrofanova A, Abate-Shen C. Co-clinical Analysis of a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model and Human Prostate Cancer Reveals Significance of NKX3.1 Expression for Response to 5α-reductase Inhibition. Eur Urol 2017; 72:499-506. [PMID: 28385453 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although men on active surveillance for prostate cancer (PCa) may benefit from intervention with 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), it has not been resolved whether 5-ARIs are effective for delaying disease progression and, if so, whether specific patients are more likely to benefit. OBJECTIVE To identify molecular features predictive of patient response to 5-ARIs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Nkx3.1 mutant mice, a model of early-stage PCa, were treated with the 5-ARI finasteride, and histopathological and molecular analyses were performed. Cross-species computational analyses were used to compare expression profiles for treated mice with those of patients who had received 5-ARIs before prostatectomy. INTERVENTION Finasteride administered to Nkx3.1 mutant mice. 5-ARI-treated patient specimens obtained retrospectively. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Endpoints in mice included histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular profiling. GraphPad Prism software, R-studio, and Matlab were used for statistical and data analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Finasteride treatment of Nkx3.1 mutant mice resulted in a significant reduction in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), as evident from histopathological and expression profiling analyses. Cross-species computational analysis comparing finasteride-treated mice with two independent 5-ARI-treated patient cohorts showed that reduced NKX3.1 expression is predictive of response to 5-ARI. A limitation of the study is that these retrospective human cohorts have relatively few patients with limited clinical outcome data. Future prospective clinical trials are needed to validate whether stratifying patients on the basis of NKX3.1 expression improves the benefit of 5-ARIs during active surveillance. CONCLUSIONS This co-clinical study implicates NKX3.1 status as a predictor of response to 5-ARIs, and suggests that molecular features, including NKX3.1 expression, may help to identify PCa patients most likely to benefit from 5-ARIs during active surveillance. PATIENT SUMMARY The aim of precision cancer prevention is to tailor interventions on the basis of individualized patient characteristics. We propose that patients with low NKX3.1 expression are optimal candidates for intervention with 5α-reductase inhibitors as an adjunct to active surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dutta
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Yeji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roseann Zott
- The Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Cremers
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Medicine, The Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Golombos
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Department of Urology, HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Departments of Urology, Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Systems Biology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Panaccione A, Chang MT, Carbone BE, Guo Y, Moskaluk CA, Virk RK, Chiriboga L, Prasad ML, Judson B, Mehra S, Yarbrough WG, Ivanov SV. NOTCH1 and SOX10 are Essential for Proliferation and Radiation Resistance of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2083-95. [PMID: 27084744 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has been proposed, lack of assays for their propagation and uncertainty about molecular markers prevented their characterization. Our objective was to isolate CSC from ACC and provide insight into signaling pathways that support their propagation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To isolate CSC from ACC and characterize them, we used ROCK inhibitor-supplemented cell culture, immunomagnetic cell sorting, andin vitro/in vivoassays for CSC viability and tumorigenicity. RESULTS We identified in ACC CD133-positive CSC that expressed NOTCH1 and SOX10, formed spheroids, and initiated tumors in nude mice. CD133(+)ACC cells produced activated NOTCH1 (N1ICD) and generated CD133(-)cells that expressed JAG1 as well as neural differentiation factors NR2F1, NR2F2, and p27Kip1. Knockdowns ofNOTCH1, SOX10, and their common effectorFABP7had negative effects on each other, inhibited spheroidogenesis, and induced cell death pointing at their essential roles in CSC maintenance. Downstream effects ofFABP7knockdown included suppression of a broad spectrum of genes involved in proliferation, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism. Among proliferation-linked NOTCH1/FABP7 targets, we identified SKP2 and its substrate p27Kip1. A γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, selectively depleted CD133(+)cells, suppressed N1ICD and SKP2, induced p27Kip1, inhibited ACC growthin vivo, and sensitized CD133(+)cells to radiation. CONCLUSIONS These results establish in the majority of ACC the presence of a previously uncharacterized population of CD133(+)cells with neural stem properties, which are driven by SOX10, NOTCH1, and FABP7. Sensitivity of these cells to Notch inhibition and their dependence on SKP2 offer new opportunities for targeted ACC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Panaccione
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael T Chang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Beatrice E Carbone
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU), New York, New York
| | - Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin Judson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Saral Mehra
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. H&N Disease Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. Molecular Virology Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Virk RK, Gamez R, Mehrotra S, Atieh M, Barkan GA, Wojcik EM, Pambuccian SE. Variation of cytopathologists' use of the indeterminate diagnostic categories "atypical" and "suspicious for malignancy" in the cytologic diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 45:3-13. [PMID: 27873469 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indeterminate cytologic diagnoses in endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) of solid pancreatic lesions include the diagnostic categories "atypical" (ATY) and "suspicious for malignancy" (SUSP), which are used at variable rates and are associated with variable underlying risk of malignancy. The aim of this study was to determine individual cytopathologists' rates of indeterminate diagnoses in EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions and their relationship to cytopathologists' experience and volume of pancreatic EUS-FNA examined, as well as the potential impact of departmental consensus review on indeterminate diagnoses. DESIGN The diagnostic rates of ATY and SUSP and their underlying risk of malignancy were calculated for six cytopathologists who diagnosed 1,114 of 1,225 EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions from 1/1/2001 to 9/15/2014, and were then compared for the periods before and after the implementation of departmental consensus review during 2009. RESULTS The six cytopathologists diagnosed 10% of cases as indeterminate; 82 (7.4%) as "atypical" and 29 (2.6%) as "suspicious". The individual cytopathologists' indeterminate diagnosis rates varied twofold (6.67-12.80%) and did not correlate with their experience, total or annual volume of EUS-FNAs. Of the 56/99 (56.57%) cases with follow-up, the underlying rate of malignancy was 47% (35/75; for "atypical" and 87.5% (21/24); for "suspicious"). The underlying rates of malignancy were 33-67% for "atypical" and 80-100% for "suspicious" diagnoses made by individual cytopathologists. The rate of indeterminate diagnoses decreased from 11.55 to 7.88% after the implementation of departmental consensus review. CONCLUSION Individual cytopathologists' rates of indeterminate diagnoses and their significance vary; however, consensus review is helpful in reducing these rates. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:3-13. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Roberto Gamez
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Swati Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Mohammed Atieh
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Güliz A Barkan
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Eva M Wojcik
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Stefan E Pambuccian
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prasad ML, Vyas M, Horne MJ, Virk RK, Morotti R, Liu Z, Tallini G, Nikiforova MN, Christison-Lagay ER, Udelsman R, Dinauer CA, Nikiforov YE. NTRK fusion oncogenes in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma in northeast United States. Cancer 2016; 122:1097-107. [PMID: 26784937 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in thyroid cancers, predominantly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), has been recently reported in children. METHODS The histopathology of 28 consecutive PTCs from the northeast United States was reviewed. None of the patients (ages 6-18 years; 20 females, 8 males) had significant exposure to radiation. Nucleic acid from tumors was tested for genetic abnormalities (n = 27). Negative results were reevaluated by targeted next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Seven of 27 PTCs (26%) had neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) fusion oncogenes (NTRK type 3/ets variant 6 [NTRK3/ETV6], n =5; NTRK3/unknown, n = 1; and NTRK type 1/translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein [NTRK1/TPR], n = 1), including 5 tumors that measured >2 cm and 3 that diffusely involved the entire thyroid or lobe. All 7 tumors had lymphatic invasion, and 5 had vascular invasion. Six of 27 PTCs (22%) had ret proto-oncogene (RET) fusions (RET/PTC1, n = 5; RET/PTC3, n = 1); 2 tumors measured >2 cm and diffusely involved the thyroid, and 5 had lymphatic invasion, with vascular invasion in 2. Thirteen PTCs had the B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) valine-to-glutamic acid mutation at position 600 (BRAF(V) (600E)) (13 of 27 tumors; 48%), 11 measured <2 cm, and 6 had lymphatic invasion (46%), with vascular invasion in 3. Fusion oncogene tumors, compared with BRAF(V) (600E) PTCs, were associated with large size (mean, 2.2 cm vs 1.5 cm, respectively; P = .05), solid and diffuse variants (11 of 13 vs 0 of 13 tumors, respectively; P < .001), and lymphovascular invasion (12 of 13 vs 6 of 13 tumors, respectively; P = .02); BRAF(V) (600E) PTCs were predominantly the classic variant (12 of 13 vs 1 of 13 tumors). Two tumors metastasized to the lung, and both had fusion oncogenes (NTRK1/TPR, n = 1; RET/PTC1, n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Fusion oncogene PTC presents with more extensive disease and aggressive pathology than BRAF(V) (600E) PTC in the pediatric population. The high prevalence of the NTRK1/NTRK3 fusion oncogene PTCs in the United States is unusual and needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Monika Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew J Horne
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Raffaella Morotti
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Anatomic Pathology, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina N Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert Udelsman
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Virk RK, Fraire AE. Interstitial Lung Diseases That Are Difficult to Classify: A Review of Bronchiolocentric Interstitial Lung Disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:984-8. [PMID: 26230593 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0383-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Idiopathic bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia, airway-centered interstitial fibrosis, centrilobular fibrosis, and bronchiolitis interstitial pneumonia are increasingly recognized histopathologic variants of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that are difficult to fit within existing classification schemes. OBJECTIVE To review and analyze the appropriate literature that describes the spectrum of histopathologic changes in these conditions, in an effort to ascertain similarities as well as their differences. In addition, we examined associations with hypersensitivity, cigarette smoking, and survival data. DATA SOURCES Relevant and peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) coupled with experience gained by review of personal cases with appropriate histopathology constitute the basis of this study. CONCLUSIONS As anticipated, the common link among the above-cited conditions is their bronchiolocentricity, with a predominance of either fibrosis or inflammation. Clear-cut associations with hypersensitivity or cigarette smoking are not evident in this study. The airway-centered interstitial fibrosis variant of bronchiolocentric interstitial lung disease appears to have a poor outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K Virk
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Dr Virk); and the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Dr Fraire)
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abi-Raad R, Virk RK, Dinauer CA, Prasad A, Morotti RA, Breuer CK, Sosa JA, Udelsman R, Rivkees SA, Prasad ML. C-Cell Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Carriers of RET Mutation in Extracellular Cysteine-Rich and Intracellular Tyrosine Kinase Domain. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Prasad ML, Virk RK. Authors' response. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:249. [PMID: 24972887 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH-108, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Virk RK, Theoharis CGA, Prasad A, Chhieng D, Prasad ML. Morphology predicts BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma: an interobserver reproducibility study. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:435-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
21
|
Bernstein J, Virk RK, Hui P, Prasad A, Westra WH, Tallini G, Adeniran AJ, Udelsman R, Sasaki CT, Roman SA, Sosa JA, Prasad ML. Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: clinicopathologic features with BRAF(V600E) mutational analysis. Thyroid 2013; 23:1525-31. [PMID: 23682579 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive subtype that generally presents as a large tumor in the advanced stage; however, little is known about the tall cell variant of microcarcinoma (tumors measuring <1 cm). In this study, we compare the tall cell variant of microcarcinoma (microTCV) with classic papillary microcarcinomas to examine the hypothesis that, despite the small size, the microTCV may be more aggressive than the classic papillary microcarcinoma. METHODS We identified 27 microTCV patients and compared their clinicopathologic features and BRAF(V600E) mutational status with classic papillary microcarcinomas matched by age and size. The patients with microTCV included 22 women and 5 men aged 33 to 74 years (median age, 56 years). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy; 20 patients had lymph node dissection. RESULTS Tumor size in microTCV patients ranged from 2 mm to 10 mm (median, 7 mm). Extrathyroidal extension and lymphovascular invasion were seen in 9 (33%) and 4 (15%) tumors, respectively. Thirteen patients (48%) harbored multifocal papillary carcinomas. Metastasis to central compartment lymph nodes was seen in 8 patients and to lateral cervical nodes in 3 patients. Nine of the 25 patients (36%) presented at an advanced stage (stage III/IVA). The BRAF(V600E) mutation was detected in 25 of 27 tumors (92.6%). In contrast, age- and size-matched classic papillary microcarcinomas (n=26) showed no extrathyroidal extension (p=0.002), lymphovascular invasion in 1, central compartment lymph node metastasis in 2, lateral cervical node metastasis in 1, multifocal tumors in 10 (38.5%), the BRAF(V600E) mutation in 20 (76.9%), and it infrequently presented in stage III/IVA (7.7%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The microTCV form is associated with aggressive features at presentation, and it should be differentiated from other papillary thyroid microcarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bernstein
- 1 Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Virk RK, Van Dyke AL, Finkelstein A, Prasad A, Gibson J, Hui P, Theoharis CG, Carling T, Roman SA, Sosa JA, Udelsman R, Prasad ML. BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a genotype-phenotype correlation. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:62-70. [PMID: 22918165 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BRAF(V600E) mutation has emerged as a marker of aggressive behavior in papillary thyroid carcinoma but its significance in microcarcinoma is not entirely clear. One-hundred and twenty-nine papillary thyroid microcarcinomas were tested for BRAF(V600E) mutation by single-strand conformation polymorphism, and their clinicopathologic features (age, sex, tumor size, multifocality, nodal metastases, histologic subtype, tumor cell morphology, architecture, tumor-associated stromal reaction, tumor interface to non-neoplastic thyroid (well circumscribed vs infiltrative), extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion, intratumoral multinucleated giant cells, and adjacent non-neoplastic thyroid pathology) were examined. Compared with tumors without the mutation (39/129, 30%), the mutated microcarcinomas (90/129, 70%) showed significantly higher prevalence of infiltrative tumor borders (78/90 vs 23/39, P=0.001), tumor-associated stromal desmoplasia/fibrosis and/or sclerosis (80/90 vs 25/39, P=0.002), classic nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (90/90 vs 35/39, P=0.008) and cystic change (43/90 vs 11/39, P=0.05). BRAF(V600E) mutation was more frequent in classic (75%), tall cell (91%), and other variants (>70%) than in follicular variant (21%) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Tumors without the mutation were significantly more likely to be solid, well circumscribed, and lacked desmoplasia/fibrosis or sclerosis. However, on multivariate analysis, only the follicular variant of papillary microcarcinoma was significantly associated with the absence of mutation (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.09 (0.01-0.54)). Lymph node metastases (n=24) were more frequent in microcarcinomas with mutation than without (21/24 vs 3/24, P=0.02). All patients with lateral cervical node metastasis (n=9), and all but one tumor with extrathyroidal extension (n=17/18) showed BRAF(V600E) mutation. No significant differences were noted in age, sex, tumor size, multifocality, lymphovascular invasion, psammoma bodies, stromal calcification, intratumoral multinucleated osteoclastic-type giant cells, and lymphocytic infiltration between the two groups of tumors. BRAF(V600E) mutation is an early event in thyroid carcinogenesis, and is associated with distinctive morphology and aggressive features even in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a benign, proliferative mesenchymal lesion with possible hormonal etiology. It typically affects women in the reproductive age group. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is frequently an incidental histologic finding in breast biopsies performed for other benign or malignant lesions. Rarely, it can present as a firm, painless breast mass, which has been referred to as nodular or tumorous PASH. Grossly, tumorous PASH is a well-circumscribed, firm, rubbery mass with solid, homogenous, gray-white cut surface. On histologic examination, it is characterized by the presence of open slitlike spaces in dense collagenous stroma. The spaces are lined by a discontinuous layer of flat, spindle-shaped myofibroblasts with bland nuclei. The spindle cells express progesterone receptors and are positive for vimentin, actin, and CD34. The most important differential diagnosis on histopathology is angiosarcoma. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia discovered incidentally does not require any additional specific treatment. Tumorous PASH is treated by local surgical excision with clear margins and the prognosis is excellent, with minimal risk of recurrence after adequate surgical excision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Three Biotech, One Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Virk RK, Zhong J, Lu D. Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the uterus in a pregnant woman: report of a rare case and review of literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 279:603-5. [PMID: 18773216 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-008-0764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the uterus in pregnant woman is an extremely rare condition. A total of eight cases have been described in the literature till date. The antenatal diagnosis as well as management requires considerable skill. Although it is a benign condition but it can have serious consequences for the mother as well as the baby. METHODS AND MATERIALS Here we describe an interesting case of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the uterus in a 21-year-old G3, P2-0-0 pregnant woman, who underwent hysterectomy for uncontrollable bleeding during third cesarean section. The diagnosis of diffuse cavernous hemangioma was made only on histopathological examination of the hysterectomy specimen. CONCLUSION Diffuse hemangioma of the uterus in a pregnant woman is a serious condition, which may not be detected early during the pregnancy. This can result in uncontrolled bleeding especially during operative delivery and may require hysterectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Biotech Three, One Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate diverse physiological processes including homeostatic functions of steroid hormones and their receptors. Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is essential for normal mammary gland physiology and is a prognostic marker for the treatment of breast cancer. We report that Per2, a core clock gene, links the circadian cycle to the ERalpha signaling network. Binding of enhances ERalpha degradation, while suppression of Per2 levels leads to ERalpha stabilization. In turn, Per2 itself is estrogen inducible in these cells, suggesting a feedback mechanism to attenuate stimulation by estrogen. In addition, overexpression of Per2 in breast cancer cells leads to significant growth inhibition, loss of clonogenic ability and apoptosis. Taken together, these results further support a critical role for peripheral circadian regulation in tissue homeostasis and suggest a novel role for clock genes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gery
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gery S, Komatsu N, Kawamata N, Miller CW, Desmond J, Virk RK, Marchevsky A, Mckenna R, Taguchi H, Koeffler HP. Epigenetic silencing of the candidate tumor suppressor gene Per1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:1399-404. [PMID: 17332281 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic events are a critical factor contributing to cancer development. The purpose of this study was to identify tumor suppressor genes silenced by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used microarray analysis to screen for tumor suppressor genes. RESULTS We identified Per1, a core circadian gene, as a candidate tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Although Per1 levels were high in normal lung, its expression was low in a large panel of NSCLC patient samples and cell lines. Forced expression of Per1 in NSCLC cell lines led to significant growth reduction and loss of clonogenic survival. Recent studies showed that epigenetic regulation, particularly histone H3 acetylation, is essential for circadian function. Using bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that DNA hypermethylation and histone H3 acetylation are potential mechanisms for silencing Per1 expression NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that disruption of circadian rhythms plays an important role in lung tumorigenesis. Moreover, our findings suggest a novel link between circadian epigenetic regulation and cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Gery
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gery S, Park DJ, Vuong PT, Virk RK, Muller CI, Hofmann WK, Koeffler HP. RTP801 is a novel retinoic acid–responsive gene associated with myeloid differentiation. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:572-8. [PMID: 17379067 PMCID: PMC1922386 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoids are crucial in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes including terminal differentiation of both normal and malignant myeloid progenitors. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize retinoic acid (RA) target genes. METHODS AND RESULTS RTP801 is a recently cloned stress response gene that acts as a negative regulator of the mTOR pathway. Here we identified RTP801 as a novel early RA target gene in myeloid cells. RTP801 mRNA levels are induced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines during RA-dependent differentiation and are differentially expressed during maturation of normal CD34(+) cells. The myeloid-specific, differentiation-related transcription factor C/EBPepsilon also induces RTP801 expression. Overexpression of RTP801 in the U937 leukemic cells leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis. Conversely, silencing of endogenous RTP801 by shRNA reduces RA-induced differentiation of the U937 cells. Downregulation of RTP801 also abrogates hypoxia-induced inhibition of mTOR in those cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that RTP801 is an important RA-regulated gene involved in myeloid differentiation, which could represent a therapeutic target in leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Gery
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|