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Federspiel IG, Schmitt V, Schuster R, Rockenbach C, Braun A, Loretto MC, Michels C, Fischer J, Mussweiler T, Bugnyar T. Are you better than me? Social comparisons in carrion crows (Corvus corone). Anim Cogn 2023:10.1007/s10071-023-01785-y. [PMID: 37219737 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Comparing oneself to others is a key process in humans that allows individuals to gauge their performances and abilities and thus develop and calibrate their self-image. Little is known about its evolutionary foundations. A key feature of social comparison is the sensitivity to other individuals' performance. Recent studies on primates produced equivocal results, leading us to distinguish between a 'strong' variant of the social comparison hypothesis formulated for humans and a 'weak' variant found in non-human primates that would comprise some elements of human social comparison. Here, we focus on corvids that are distantly related to primates and renowned for their socio-cognitive skills. We were interested in whether crows' task performances were influenced (i) by the presence of a conspecific co-actor performing the same discrimination task and (ii) by the simulated acoustic cues of a putative co-actor performing better or worse than themselves. Crows reached a learning criterion quicker when tested simultaneously as compared to when tested alone, indicating a facilitating effect of social context. The performance of a putative co-actor influenced their performance: crows were better at discriminating familiar images when their co-actor was better than they were. Standard extremity (how pronounced the difference was between the performance of the subject and that of the co-actor), and category membership (affiliation status and sex), of the putative co-actors had no effect on their performance. Our findings are in line with the 'weak' variant of social comparison and indicate that elements of human social comparison can be found outside of primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Federspiel
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, University Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Social Cognition Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences, Cologne, Germany.
- Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Station for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Grünau im Almtal, Austria.
| | - V Schmitt
- Social Cognition Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Schuster
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C Rockenbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - A Braun
- Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Station for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
| | - M-C Loretto
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Doktorberg 6, 83471, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | - C Michels
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Fischer
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Primate Cognition, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - T Bugnyar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, University Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Station for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
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2
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Riegler A, Bumb JM, Wisch C, Schuster R, Reinhard I, Hoffmann S, Frischknecht U, Enning F, Schmahl C, Kiefer F, Koopmann A. Does the Augmentation of Trauma Informed Hatha Yoga Increase the Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Substance Use Disorders on Psychopathological Strain of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder? Results of a Quasi-Experimental Study. Eur Addict Res 2023; 29:1-8. [PMID: 36215959 DOI: 10.1159/000526670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most common personality disorders among persons with substance use disorders (SUDs) and is characterized by severe clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate if the effect of dialectical behavior therapy for substance use disorders (DBT-S) inpatient treatment on psychopathological symptom load in patients suffering from both BPD and SUD can be augmented by weekly 60-min "Trauma Informed Hatha Yoga" sessions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients suffering from comorbid BPD and SUD were consecutively in time included in this quasi-experimental pilot study (first intervention then control group). In the intervention group, weekly Trauma Informed Hatha Yoga sessions were added to standard DBT-S for 8 weeks. The participants of the control group received standard DBT-S. All participants completed several self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, symptoms of BPD, and their subjective stress perception at three points in time during the study course. RESULTS A repeated measures analysis of variance with patients' psychopharmacological medication as covariate revealed a significant main effect of time for each of the psychometric scales (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory subscale for state anxiety [STAI-S] p = 0.001, Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] p < 0.001; Borderline Symptom List 23 [BSL] p = 0.036) indicating that the psychopathological symptom load of the patients was significantly lower at the end of the DBT-S therapy compared to the beginning in both study groups. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect of group*time on the psychometric scales STAI-T (subscale for trait anxiety) sum score (p = 0.010) and the sum score of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (p = 0.043). This was expressed by the fact that the participants of the intervention group showed a significant reduction of the STAI-T sum score as well as the sum score of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), while the control group did not. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, correction for multiple testing was omitted. CONCLUSION Although they are very preliminary, our results suggest that practicing Trauma Informed Hatha Yoga on a regular basis in addition to DBT-S inpatient treatment seems to reduce the level of trait anxiety and perceived stress significantly more than DBT-S inpatient treatment alone. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of Trauma Informed Hatha Yoga in reducing trait anxiety and perceived stress in patients suffering from SUD und BPD must be tested in large randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Riegler
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Wisch
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Frischknecht
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Institute of Addiction and Prevention Research, Catholic University of Applied Sciences North Rhine-Westphalia, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Enning
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Bach P, Schuster R, Koopmann A, Vollstaedt-Klein S, Spanagel R, Kiefer F. Plasma calcium concentration during detoxification predicts neural cue-reactivity and craving during early abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:341-348. [PMID: 33630132 PMCID: PMC8866328 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence suggest a link between peripheral calcium concentrations and alcohol craving. Here, we investigated the association between plasma calcium concentration, cue-induced brain activation, and alcohol craving. Plasma calcium concentrations were measured at the onset of inpatient detoxification in a sample of N = 115 alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol cue-reactivity was assessed during early abstinence (mean 11.1 days) using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alcohol cue-reactivity task. Multiple regression analyses and bivariate correlations between plasma calcium concentrations, clinical craving measures and neural alcohol cue-reactivity (CR) were tested. Results show a significant negative correlation between plasma calcium concentrations and compulsive alcohol craving. Higher calcium levels predicted higher alcohol cue-induced brain response in a cluster of frontal brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the anterior prefrontal cortex (alPFC), and the inferior (IFG) and middle frontal gyri (MFG). In addition, functional brain activation in those areas correlated negatively with craving for alcohol during fMRI. Higher peripheral calcium concentrations during withdrawal predicted increased alcohol cue-induced brain activation in frontal brain areas, which are associated with craving inhibition and cognitive control functions. This might indicate that higher plasma calcium concentrations at onset of detoxification could modulate craving inhibition during early abstinence.Trial registration number: DRKS00003388; date of registration: 14.12.2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstaedt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bumb JM, Bach P, Grosshans M, Wagner X, Koopmann A, Vollstädt-Klein S, Schuster R, Wiedemann K, Kiefer F. BDNF influences neural cue-reactivity to food stimuli and food craving in obesity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:963-974. [PMID: 33367955 PMCID: PMC8236045 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) impacts on the development of obesity. We are the first to test the hypothesis that BDNF levels might be associated with neural reactivity to food cues in patients suffering from obesity and healthy controls. We assessed visual food cue-induced neural response in 19 obese patients and 20 matched controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed the associations between BDNF levels, food cue-reactivity and food craving. Whole-brain analysis in both groups revealed that food cues elicited higher neural activation in clusters of mesolimbic brain areas including the insula (food > neutral). Patients suffering from obesity showed a significant positive correlation between plasma BDNF levels and visual food cue-reactivity in the bilateral insulae. In addition, patients suffering from obesity with positive food cue-induced insula activation also reported significantly higher food craving than those with low cue-reactivity-an effect that was absent in normal weight participants. The present findings implicate that BDNF levels in patients suffering from obesity might be involved in food craving and obesity in humans. This highlights the importance to consider BDNF pathways when investigating obesity and obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany. .,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany ,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Grosshans
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xenija Wagner
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany ,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany ,Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany ,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Martinistr, 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany ,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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5
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Schuster R, Winkler M, Koopmann A, Bach P, Hoffmann S, Reinhard I, Spanagel R, Bumb JM, Sommer WH, Kiefer F. Calcium Carbonate Attenuates Withdrawal and Reduces Craving: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:332-340. [PMID: 33567423 DOI: 10.1159/000512763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical studies have shown that calcium seems to be the active component of the anti-craving drug acamprosate (Ca2+ bis-acetyl-homotaurinate). Clinical effects in humans have also indicated an association between increased calcium plasma concentration due to acamprosate treatment and better outcome relating to time to relapse and cumulative abstinence. In contrast, low calcium concentration in alcohol-dependent patients was related with craving for alcohol. The main goal of the trial was to investigate whether an oral calcium administration is able to affect craving, withdrawal, and relapse risk in alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS We conducted a single-blind, randomized, monocentric, controlled clinical two-arm trial in alcohol-dependent patients (Clinical Trials Registration: DRKS00011293). A total of 55 alcohol-dependent subjects received calcium carbonate (800 mg + 5 μg vitamin D) versus sodium bicarbonate (1,000 mg) daily during the 14 days of inpatient alcohol-withdrawal treatment. RESULTS Based on an intention-to-treat protocol, withdrawal intensity (assessed with CIWA-Ar) in the calcium carbonate group attenuated faster than in the sodium bicarbonate subgroup. Alcohol craving (assessed with OCDS) in the calcium carbonate subgroup was also significantly reduced versus the sodium bicarbonate subgroup. CONCLUSION Our data support earlier findings and show that treatment with calcium carbonate during alcohol withdrawal reduces symptoms of alcohol withdrawal as well as alcohol craving in a controlled clinical pilot study. Mode of actions will need to be determined to allow the further development of pharmacological interventions beyond Ca2+ bis-acetyl-homotaurinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, .,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, .,Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Matthias Winkler
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Biostatistik, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim/Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Koopmann A, Bach P, Schuster R, Bumb JM, Vollstädt-Klein S, Reinhard I, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Wiedemann K, Kiefer F. Ghrelin modulates mesolimbic reactivity to alcohol cues in alcohol-addicted subjects: a functional imaging study. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1066-1076. [PMID: 29984874 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence, affecting alcohol self-administration and craving. However, the mechanism of action in alcohol dependence still has to be determined. We thus investigated whether ghrelin is associated with mesolimbic cue reactivity to alcohol cues and alcohol craving in recently detoxified alcohol-addicted subjects. We included 41 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study mesolimbic cue reactivity during the presentation of alcohol-related pictures. Additionally, we assessed patients' alcohol craving using the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire and a visual analogue scale. Plasma concentrations of total and acylated (activated) ghrelin were measured in parallel to the fMRI session. The association between ghrelin plasma concentrations, mesolimbic cue reactivity and alcohol craving was assessed by performing correlation and mediation analyses. Alcohol-induced brain response in a network of brain clusters, including the right and left ventral striatum, showed a significant positive association with acylated ghrelin plasma concentration. Additionally, acylated ghrelin was significantly associated with craving. Mediation analyses showed that the association between acylated ghrelin plasma concentration and alcohol craving is mediated by a cue-induced brain response in the ventral striatum. Based on the finding that ghrelin modulates mesolimbic reactivity to alcohol cues, the following should be considered: If alcohol craving and the appetitive status were interrelated, this has to be taken into account when implementing fMRI studies for addictive disorders. Moreover, appetite regulation seems to represent a valid treatment target for reducing cue reactivity in addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS); University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS); University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS); University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Jan Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS); University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS); University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy; University Medical Center; Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
- Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS); University of Heidelberg; Germany
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Abstract
Materials intended for use in contact with drinking water have to meet specific requirements for the protection of human health. In Germany, these requirements are laid down in the Drinking Water Ordinance and are legally binding. Where elastomer products are concerned, their hygienic assessment can alternatively be based on the Federal Environment Agency (UBA) Elastomer Guideline, which mainly addresses the evaluation of starting substances and their migration. This paper discusses the specific requirements and the principles of the assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Schuster
- Federal Environment Agency, Section II 3.4 Distribution of Drinking Water. Bad Elster, Germany
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Bozdech S, Biecher Y, Savinova ER, Schuster R, Krischer K, Bonnefont A. Oscillations in an array of bistable microelectrodes coupled through a globally conserved quantity. Chaos 2018; 28:045113. [PMID: 31906625 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behavior of an array of microelectrodes is investigated under controlled current conditions during CO electrooxidation, a bistable electrochemical reaction with an S-shaped negative differential resistance (S-NDR) current-potential curve. Under these conditions, the total current constitutes a globally conserved quantity, thus coupling all microelectrodes globally. Upon increasing the total current, the microelectrodes activate one by one, with a single microelectrode being on its intermediate S-NDR current branch and the other ones being either on their passive or their active branches. When a few coupled microelectrodes are activated, the electrochemical system exhibits spontaneous potential oscillations. Mathematical analysis shows that oscillations arise already in a two group approximation of the dynamics, the two groups consisting of 1 electrode and n - 1 electrodes with n ≥ 3, respectively, with each group being described by a single evolution equation. In this minimal representation, oscillations occur when the single electrode is on the intermediate branch and the larger group is on the active branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bozdech
- Institut de Chimie des Procédés, pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR7515, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Biecher
- Institut de Chimie des Procédés, pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR7515, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - E R Savinova
- Institut de Chimie des Procédés, pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR7515, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Schuster
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Krischer
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Bonnefont
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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Koopmann A, Schuster R, Kiefer F. The impact of the appetite-regulating, orexigenic peptide ghrelin on alcohol use disorders: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical data. Biol Psychol 2018; 131:14-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Koopmann A, Lippmann K, Schuster R, Reinhard I, Bach P, Weil G, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Wiedemann K, Kiefer F. Drinking water to reduce alcohol craving? A randomized controlled study on the impact of ghrelin in mediating the effects of forced water intake in alcohol addiction. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 85:56-62. [PMID: 28822300 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that ghrelin is involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorders, affecting alcohol self-administration and craving. Gastric ghrelin secretion is reduced by stomach distension. We now tested the hypothesis whether the clinically well-known effects of high-volume water intake on craving reduction in alcoholism is mediated by acute changes in ghrelin secretion. METHODS In this randomized human laboratory study, we included 23 alcohol-dependent male inpatient subjects who underwent alcohol cue exposure. Participants of the intervention group drank 1000ml of mineral water within 10min directly thereafter, compared to the participants of the control group who did not. Craving and plasma concentrations of acetylated ghrelin were measured ten times during the 120min following the alcohol cue exposure session. RESULTS In the intervention group, a significant decrease in acetylated ghrelin in plasma compared to the control group was observed. This decrease was correlated to a reduction in patients' subjective level of craving. In the control group, no decrease of acetylated ghrelin in plasma and no association between alcohol craving and changes in plasma concentrations of acetylated ghrelin were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results present new evidence that the modulation in the ghrelin system by oral water intake mediates the effects of volume intake with craving reduction in alcohol use disorders. Hence, in addition to pharmacological interventions with ghrelin antagonists, the reduction of physiological ghrelin secretion might be a target for future interventions in the treatment of alcohol craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Lippmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Weil
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Schuster M, Emcke T, Schuster R. Graphentheoretische Analyse von Vernetzungsstrukturen zwischen Ärzten und patientenbezogen gleichzeitig verordneten Arzneimittelgruppe. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schuster
- Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Theoretische Informatik, Lübeck
| | - T Emcke
- Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Schleswig-Holstein, Bad Segeberg
| | - R Schuster
- Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung Nord (MDK), Lübeck
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12
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Schuster F, Emcke T, Ostermann T, Schuster R. Gender- und altersspezifische Analysen der Diagnosestruktur unter Verwendung der Shannon-Entropie. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Schuster
- Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Juristenfakultät, Frankfurt (Oder)
| | - T Emcke
- Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Schleswig-Holstein (KVSH), Verordnungsanalyse, Bad Segeberg
| | - T Ostermann
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Department für Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Herdecke
| | - R Schuster
- MDK Nord, Geschäftsbereich für Gesundheitsökonomie, Epidemiologie und Medizinische Informatik, Lübeck
- Universität Lübeck, Institut für Mathematik, Lübeck
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14
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Heberlein A, Schuster R, Kleimann A, Groh A, Kordon A, Opfermann B, Lichtinghagen R, Gröschl M, Kornhuber J, Bleich S, Frieling H, Hillemacher T. Joint Effects of the Epigenetic Alteration of Neurotrophins and Cytokine Signaling: A Possible Exploratory Model of Affective Symptoms in Alcohol-Dependent Patients? Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:277-281. [PMID: 28430931 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neurotrophins have been linked to the symptomatology of alcohol dependence. We aimed to investigate a possible association between the methylation of the promoters of both neurotrophins, the serum levels of the cytokines and core symptoms of alcohol dependence as withdrawal severity and anxiety. METHODS In this study we investigated a possible association between alterations in the methylation of the BDNF IV/NGF I gene promoter and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 55 male alcohol-dependent patients. RESULTS Mean methylation of the promoter of the BDNF gene was significantly associated with the TNF-α serum levels and the CIWA-score during withdrawal (P < 0.001). Moreover, mean methylation of the NGF I promoter was significantly associated with the IL-6 serum levels and STAI-I score during withdrawal (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest an association between the epigenetic regulation of both neurotrophins, BDNF and NGF, cytokine release and the symptomatology of alcohol dependence. They imply that changes in the methylation of neurotrophins may contribute to the symptomatology of alcohol dependence by affecting relevant downstream signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Heberlein
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University Mannheim/Heidelberg, Mannheim,Deutschland
| | - Alexandra Kleimann
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Germany
| | - Adrian Groh
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Germany
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Oberbergklinik, Oberberg 1, 78132 Hornberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Birgitt Opfermann
- Medical Service of the Health Funds of Lower Saxony, Hildesheimer Str. 202, 30519 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Gröschl
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Celerion Switzerland AG, Allmendstr. 32, 8320 Fehraltorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6-10, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Germany
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15
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Stiller W, Schmidt R, Schuster R. Statistische Geschwindigkeitskoeffizienten für Reaktionen zwischen Ionen und polaren Molekülen. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1983-26482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
In this work, we describe the development of a library of polyastaxanthin, new polyester compounds with significant antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Weintraub
- Plastics and Polymer Engineering Department
- Shenkar – Engineering Art Design
- Ramat-Gan
- Israel
| | - T. Shpigel
- Plastics and Polymer Engineering Department
- Shenkar – Engineering Art Design
- Ramat-Gan
- Israel
| | - L. G. Harris
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Institute of Life Science
- Swansea University Medical School
- Swansea
- UK
| | - R. Schuster
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva
- Israel
| | - E. C. Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva
- Israel
| | - D. Y. Lewitus
- Plastics and Polymer Engineering Department
- Shenkar – Engineering Art Design
- Ramat-Gan
- Israel
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17
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Glahn A, Rhein M, Frieling H, Schuster R, El Aissami A, Bleich S, Hillemacher T, Muschler M. Smoking and Promoter-Specific Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene: Methylation of Smokers and Non-Smokers Differs Significantly during Withdrawal. Eur Addict Res 2017; 23:306-311. [PMID: 29339652 DOI: 10.1159/000486279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is well known in psychiatric disorders to modulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Disturbances of ANP have been described in early abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. This is the first longitudinal investigation on cytosine-phosphatidyl-guanine (CpG)-island promoter methylation of the ANP gene in the blood of tobacco-dependent patients. METHODS In a longitudinal approach, we investigated whether changes in ANP serum levels correlated to CpG methylation of the respective gene promoters on days 1, 7, and 14 of tobacco withdrawal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Compared to non-smokers, promoter-related deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of the ANP promoter was significantly elevated on days 7 and 14 of withdrawal in tobacco-dependent patients. Baseline methylation status of the ANP promoter was not significantly different from controls, arguing for an impaired regulation during withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Glahn
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Rhein
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alain El Aissami
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Marc Muschler
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Groh A, Jahn K, Burkert A, Neyazi A, Schares L, Janke E, Rehme M, Schuster R, Hillemacher T, Bleich S, Frieling H, Heberlein A. Epigenetic Regulation of the Promotor Region of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Nerve Growth Factor in Opioid-Maintained Patients. Eur Addict Res 2017; 23:249-259. [PMID: 29224006 DOI: 10.1159/000485030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The nerve growth factor (NGF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) may be of importance for psychiatric diseases including substance use disorders. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the regulation of both neuropeptides via the DNA-methylation status of the promotor regions of NGF and VEGF-A in different forms of maintenance therapy for opioid dependence and the related stress regulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. METHODS We compared methylation levels of opioid-dependent patients receiving treatment with diamorphine (n = 28) or levomethadone (n = 54) and similar levels in a healthy control group (n = 72). RESULTS There was a significantly higher methylation of VEGF-A in opioid-maintained patients with levomethadone compared to that in the control group (estimated marginal means [EMM] [SE]): 0.036 [0.003] vs. 0.020 [0.003]; p < 0.001). We performed a cluster analysis for NGF, splitting up the results in 4 clusters. We found significant changes in methylation rates of the opioid-maintained patients compared to the controls in cluster I ([EMM] [SE]: 0.064 [0.005] vs. 0.084 [0.006]; p = 0.03), cluster II ([EMM] [SE]: 0.133 [0.013] vs. 0.187 [0.014]; p < 0.001) and cluster III ([EMM] [SE]: 0.190 [0.014] vs. 0.128 [0.016]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results are of importance, as they indicate that long-term changes in stress regulation regulated by neurotrophines are a crucial part of the symptomatology of opioid dependence, thus influencing drug consumption and the different forms of opioid-maintenance therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Groh
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jahn
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Burkert
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Neyazi
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Schares
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Janke
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Rehme
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annemarie Heberlein
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Koopmann A, Bez J, Lemenager T, Hermann D, Dinter C, Reinhard I, Schuster R, Wiedemann K, Winterer G, Kiefer F. The Effect of Nicotine on HPA Axis Activity in Females is Modulated by the FKBP5 Genotype. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:154-61. [PMID: 27062383 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking modulates activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and is used to cope with stress, especially by females. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780, linked to FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), has been shown to affect HPA axis functioning, and has thus been suggested as a promising candidate for indicating vulnerability to stress-related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between nicotine consumption and rs1360780 on cortisol plasma levels in females. A total of 296 female smokers (assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; FTND) were genotyped for the SNP rs1360780. We measured participants' cortisol plasma concentration in blood plasma collected 3 h after standardized tobacco smoking exposure. In the 36 TT-homozygotes, we found a significant negative correlation between the FTND sum score and cortisol plasma concentrations. Using linear regression analysis, we found that the FTND sum score accounted for 12.4% of the variance of cortisol plasma levels. This association was not detected in C-allele carriers. Our results suggest that nicotine is an important confounder in the modulation of HPA axis activity by FKBP5. In light of these findings, future studies on FKBP5 should seek to include data on nicotine consumption as a covariate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bez
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tagrid Lemenager
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Derik Hermann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christina Dinter
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rilana Schuster
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Winterer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charite Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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20
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Schuster R, Koopmann A, Kiefer F. Calcium as a treatment option for alcohol dependence. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades anti-craving drugs have been developed. Acamprosate was described as an effective treatment option to support alcohol abstinence with a low side effect profile. Moreover its molecular mode of action is highly controversial. Recently, calcium salt was described to be the active part of Acamprosate.Using a clinical sample of placebo (n = 10) vs. Acamprosate-treated (n = 19) abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, we measured calcium plasma concentrations after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month after the treatment commenced. Before treatment, the same physiological calcium concentration of about 2.4 mmol/l was found in both groups respectively. We found significant correlations in the Acamprosate group while no correlations in the placebo group were observed.The very well regulated extracellular calcium serum concentration seems to get out of balance in association with the severity of alcohol dependence in inpatients during withdrawal.Accordingly, in another clinical sample (n = 57) we found a negative correlation between calcium serum concentration and craving (r2= 0.125; P = 0.011) on day 1 of detoxification. The measurement of craving was carried out by a self-rating scale, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Furthermore a low calcium level correlated with high breathalyser readings and the number of alcohol inpatient detoxification's.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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21
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Schuster R, Koopmann A, Kiefer F. Calcium for the treatment of alcohol-dependence. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Abstract
We report on the energy- and momentum-resolved optical response of black phosphorus (BP) in its bulk form. Along the armchair direction of the puckered layers, we find a highly dispersive mode that is strongly suppressed in the perpendicular (zigzag) direction. This mode emerges out of the single-particle continuum for finite values of momentum and is therefore interpreted as an exciton. We argue that this exciton, which has already been predicted theoretically for phosphorene-the monolayer form of BP-can be detected by conventional optical spectroscopy in the two-dimensional case and might pave the way for optoelectronic applications of this emerging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schuster
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - J Trinckauf
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Habenicht
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Knupfer
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Büchner
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Eberlei T, Habler G, Wegner W, Schuster R, Körner W, Thöni M, Abart R. Rb/Sr isotopic and compositional retentivity of muscovite during deformation. Lithos 2015; 227:161-178. [PMID: 31007282 PMCID: PMC6472294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Permian metapegmatite muscovite from the Upper-Austroalpine Matsch Unit in Southern Tyrol (Italy) was investigated regarding its Rb/Sr and compositional retentivity during Cretaceous Upper-greenschist facies deformation. The data imply that microstructurally relic Permian magmatic muscovite largely maintained its major and trace element compositions during deformation, whereas the Rb/Sr geochronometer is strongly affected by a net loss of Sr. Lower Sr concentrations of muscovite correlate with higher 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios. In most samples, the muscovite grain size- and magnetic-fractions with the lowest 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios preserve a Permo-Triassic muscovite-whole rock Rb/Sr apparent age interpreted as to reflect formation during or cooling after pegmatite emplacement. Contrastingly, muscovite fractions with higher 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios are arranged along a roughly linear array with a positive correlation of the 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the 87Rb/86Sr vs 87Sr/86Sr space. They yield successively lower muscovite-whole rock Rb/Sr apparent ages. We explain the variations in the Rb/Sr isotopic character of microstructurally relic muscovite by a, presumably deformation-related, loss of Sr during the Cretaceous event. Contemporaneously, only very limited amounts of isotopically different Sr from the matrix reservoir might possibly have entered the muscovite. Consequently, the Rb/Sr of the relic muscovite is affected by a net loss of Sr. The results imply that at temperatures of < 500 °C, deformation is supposed to be the predominant factor in controlling the Rb/Sr geochronometer of relic muscovite, by significantly reducing the characteristic length scale for volume diffusion. However, variations of the major and trace element compositions within Permian relic muscovite are interpreted to rather reflect primary compositional instead of deformation-related variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Eberlei
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Habler
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Wegner
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R. Schuster
- Austrian Geological Survey, Neulinggasse 38, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Körner
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Thöni
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R. Abart
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Guttman O, Baranovski BM, Schuster R, Kaner Z, Freixo-Lima GS, Bahar N, Kalay N, Mizrahi MI, Brami I, Ochayon DE, Lewis EC. Acute-phase protein α1-anti-trypsin: diverting injurious innate and adaptive immune responses from non-authentic threats. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:161-72. [PMID: 25351931 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One would assume that the anti-inflammatory activity of α1-anti-trypsin (AAT) is the result of inhibiting neutrophil enzymes. However, AAT exhibits tolerogenic activities that are difficult to explain by serine-protease inhibition or by reduced inflammatory parameters. Targets outside the serine-protease family have been identified, supporting the notion that elastase inhibition, the only functional factory release criteria for clinical-grade AAT, is over-emphasized. Non-obvious developments in the understanding of AAT biology disqualify it from being a straightforward anti-inflammatory agent: AAT does not block dendritic cell activities, nor does it promote viral and tumour susceptibilities, stunt B lymphocyte responses or render treated patients susceptible to infections; accordingly, outcomes of elevated AAT do not overlap those attained by immunosuppression. Aside from the acute-phase response, AAT rises during the third trimester of pregnancy and also in advanced age. At the molecular level, AAT docks onto cholesterol-rich lipid-rafts and circulating lipid particles, directly binds interleukin (IL)-8, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) and danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, and its activity is lost to smoke, high glucose levels and bacterial proteases, introducing a novel entity - 'relative AAT deficiency'. Unlike immunosuppression, AAT appears to help the immune system to distinguish between desired responses against authentic threats, and unwanted responses fuelled by a positive feedback loop perpetuated by, and at the expense of, inflamed injured innocent bystander cells. With a remarkable clinical safety record, AAT treatment is currently tested in clinical trials for its potential benefit in a variety of categorically distinct pathologies that share at least one common driving force: cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Guttman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Arcese P, Schuster R, Campbell L, Barber A, Martin TG. Deer density and plant palatability predict shrub cover, richness, diversity and aboriginal food value in a North American archipelago. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Arcese
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - R. Schuster
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - L. Campbell
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - A. Barber
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - T. G. Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; GPO Box 2583 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
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Wilson G, Kuboki S, Quillin R, Nojima H, Schuster R, Blanchard J, Edwards M, Lentsch A. The Divergent Functions of CXC Chemokine Receptor-2 in Liver Regeneration Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Partial Hepatectomy are Dependent on Ligand Concentration. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fromme H, Lahrz T, Kraft M, Fembacher L, Dietrich S, Sievering S, Burghardt R, Schuster R, Bolte G, Völkel W. Phthalates in German daycare centers: occurrence in air and dust and the excretion of their metabolites by children (LUPE 3). Environ Int 2013; 61:64-72. [PMID: 24103347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have been used for decades in large quantities, leading to the ubiquitous exposure of the population. In an investigation of 63 German daycare centers, indoor air and dust samples were analyzed for the presence of 10 phthalate diesters. Moreover, 10 primary and secondary phthalate metabolites were quantified in urine samples from 663 children attending these facilities. In addition, the urine specimens of 150 children were collected after the weekend and before they went to daycare centers. Di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were found in the indoor air, with median values of 468, 227, and 194ng/m(3), respectively. In the dust, median values of 888mg/kg for DEHP and 302mg/kg for di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) were observed. DnBP and DiBP were together responsible for 55% of the total phthalate concentration in the indoor air, whereas DEHP and DiNP were responsible for 70% and 24% of the total phthalate concentration in the dust. Median concentrations in the urine specimens were 44.7μg/l for the DiBP monoester, 32.4μg/l for the DnBP monoester, and 16.5μg/l and 17.9μg/l for the two secondary DEHP metabolites. For some phthalates, we observed significant correlations between their concentrations in the indoor air and dust and their corresponding metabolites in the urine specimens using bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, the concentrations in dust were not associated with urinary metabolite excretion after controlling for the concentrations in the indoor air. The total daily "high" intake levels based on the 95th percentiles calculated from the biomonitoring data were 14.1μg/kg b.w. for DiNP and 11.9μg/kg b.w. for DEHP. Compared with tolerable daily intake (TDI) values, our "high" intake was 62% of the TDI value for DiBP, 49% for DnBP, 24% for DEHP, and 9% for DiNP. For DiBP, the total daily intake exceeded the TDI value for 2.4% of the individuals. Using a cumulative risk-assessment approach for the sum of DEHP, DnBP, and DiBP, 20% of the children had concentrations exceeding the hazard index of one. Therefore, a further reduction of the phthalate exposure of children is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fromme
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
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Cardozo L, Cecim M, Soares E, Moreira D, Schuster R, Richards N, Unfer T, Quatrin A, Fuke G, Roehrs M. Estabilidade oxidativa e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas suplementadas com óleo de linhaça na dieta associado ou não ao selenito de sódio injetável. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com óleo de linhaça na dieta, com ou sem injeção de selenito de sódio, sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos e sobre a estabilidade oxidativa do leite de vacas leiteiras. Catorze vacas foram distribuídas em três tratamentos: as do grupo 1, que receberam diariamente 400mL de óleo de linhaça (LIN); as do grupo 2, 400mL de óleo de linhaça + 0,2mg/kg de selenito de sódio IM (LINSe); e as do grupo 3 (controle), que não foram tratadas (C). O óleo foi fornecido diariamente após 15 dias da aplicação única de selenito de sódio, e o experimento teve duração de quatro semanas. Os animais suplementados com o óleo de linhaça produziram leite com altas porcentagens de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) e de ômega 3, contudo mais suscetível à oxidação. A aplicação injetável de selenito de sódio mostrou-se eficaz ao impedir a oxidação prematura do leite. Concluiu-se que a inclusão do óleo de linhaça na dieta de vacas leiteiras resulta em aumento do CLA, do ômega 3 e, consequentemente, da oxidação do leite, necessitando, assim do uso de substâncias antioxidantes ou promotores antioxidantes, como o selenito de sódio injetável.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Cecim
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G. Fuke
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
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Lange C, Hennig D, Hurtado A, Schuster R, Lukas B, Aguirre C. Remarks on boiling water reactor stability analysis – part 2: stability monitoring. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In part 1 of this article we explained the partly relative complex solution manifold of the differential equations describing the stability behaviour of a BWR, in particular the coexistence of different types of solutions, such as the coexistence of unstable limit cycles and stable fixed points are of interest from the operational safety point of view. The part 2 is devoted to the surveillance of the stability behaviour. We summarize some stability monitoring methods and suggest to support stability tests by RAM-ROM analyses in order to reveal in advance the stability “landscape” of the BWR in a parameter region high sensitive for appearing of linear unstable states. The analysis of an especial stability test, performed at NPP Leibstadt (KKL), makes it clear that the measurement results can only be interpreted by application of bifurcation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Hurtado
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Power Engineering, Chair of Hydrogen and Nuclear Energy, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R. Schuster
- Kernkraftwerk Brunsbüttel GmbH & Co. oHG, Otto-Hahn-Straße, 25541 Brunsbüttel, Germany, E-mail:
| | - B. Lukas
- EnBW Kernkraft GmbH, Kernkraftwerk Philippsburg, Rheinschanzinsel, 76661 Philippsburg, Germany, E-mail:
| | - C. Aguirre
- Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt AG, Leibstadt, Aargau, Switzerland, E-mail:
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Lange C, Hennig D, Hurtado A, Schuster R, Lukas B, Aguirre C. Remarks on boiling water reactor stability analysis – part 1: theory and application of bifurcation analysis. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Modern theoretical methods for analysing the stability behaviour of Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) are relatively reliable. The analysis is performed by comprehensive validated system codes comprising 3D core models and one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic parallel channel models in the frequency (linearized models) or time domain. Nevertheless the spontaneous emergence of stable or unstable periodic orbits as solutions of the coupled nonlinear differential equations determining the stability properties of the coupled thermal-hydraulic and neutron kinetic (highly) nonlinear BWR system is a surprising phenomenon, and it is worth thinking about the mathematical background controlling such behaviour. In particular the coexistence of different types of solutions, such as the coexistence of unstable limit cycles and stable fixed points, are states of stability, not all nuclear engineers are familiar with. Hence the part I of this paper is devoted to the mathematical background of linear and nonlinear stability analysis and introduces a novel efficient approach to treat the nonlinear BWR stability behaviour with both system codes and so-called (advanced) reduced order models (ROMs). The efficiency of this approach, called the RAM-ROM method, will be demonstrated by some results of stability analyses for different power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lange
- Carsten Lange (corresponding author), E-mail:
| | | | - A. Hurtado
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Power Engineering, Chair of Hydrogen and Nuclear Energy, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R. Schuster
- Kernkraftwerk Brunsbüttel GmbH & Co. oHG, Otto-Hahn-Straße, 25541 Brunsbüttel, Germany, E-mail:
| | - B. Lukas
- EnBW Kernkraft GmbH, Kernkraftwerk Philippsburg, Rheinschanzinsel, 76661 Philippsburg, Germany, E-mail:
| | - C. Aguirre
- Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt AG, Leibstadt, Aargau, Switzerland, E-mail:
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Schneider GJ, Hengl W, Brandt K, Roth SV, Schuster R, Göritz D. Influence of the matrix on the fractal properties of precipitated silica in composites. J Appl Crystallogr 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889812008631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of different interactions between polymer chains and the particle surface on the morphology of hierarchically structured silica were studied by means of small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and a thorough analysis. To realize different interaction strengths, the particles were dispersed in natural and nitrile rubber,i.e. matrices having different polarities. Changing the silica fraction renders the respective influences of particle–particle, cluster–cluster and polymer–particle interactions accessible. Thus, the interplay between external mechanical forces from the mixer, internal forces,e.g. caused by silica–silica collisions, and forces mediated by the polymers are addressed in detail. Mixing of particles and polymers affects all parameters related to the clusters, but not the primary particle structure. It is demonstrated that the external forces cause a change in cluster size as well as the internal forces arising from silica–silica collisions. There is no evidence that the different interaction strengths between polymer chains and particle surfaces influence the morphology. Hence, the mixing process dominates the final structure at the macroscopic scale but not the different interaction strength on the molecular scale.
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Van Sweringen H, Sakai N, Blanchard J, Schuster R, Tevar A, Edwards M, Lentsch A. Neutrophil, but not Hepatocyte, CXC Chemokine Receptor-2 is Critical to Acute Injury After Hepatic ischemia/Reperfusion. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sakai N, Kuboki S, Van Sweringen HL, Tevar AD, Schuster R, Blanchard J, Edwards MJ, Lentsch AB. CXCR1 deficiency does not alter liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1967-70. [PMID: 21693308 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that CXC chemokines containing Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) in their amino-terminus stimulate hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. These ELR+CXC chemokines bind to two receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. Previous work has shown that CXCR2 is involved in the proliferative effects of CXC chemokines. However, the function of CXCR1 during the regenerative response has not been studied. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of CXCR1 in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. C57BL/6 (wild type) or CXCR1-/- mice were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy or sham surgery and sacrificed on day 2 and 4 after operation. There were no significant differences in liver-to-body weight ratio or hepatocyte proliferation. The data suggest that CXCR1 does not mediate the proliferative effects of ELR+ CXC chemokines during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sakai
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0558, USA.
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Schuster R, Bechrakis NE, Stroux A, Busse A, Schmittel A, Thiel E, Foerster MH, Keilholz U. Prognostic relevance of circulating tumor cells in metastatic uveal melanoma. Oncology 2011; 80:57-62. [PMID: 21625180 DOI: 10.1159/000328283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uveal melanoma primarily metastasizes hematogenously with metastases often confined to the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with metastatic disease as a marker for systemic disease and to determine their prognostic relevance. METHODS Blood samples from 68 patients were collected at the time of initial treatment of metastases. mRNA expression of tyrosinase and MelanA/MART1 as a surrogate marker for the presence of CTC was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and compared with patient characteristics. RESULTS CTC were detected in 63% of all patients and in 67% of the 48 patients with only liver metastases. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed PCR results and serum lactate dehydrogenase as independent prognostic factors for progression-free (hazard ratios 2.2/3.5) and overall survival (hazard ratios 4.0/6.5). Combination of PCR and lactate dehydrogenase divided the patient cohort into 3 groups with distinct prognosis. CONCLUSION CTC as evidence for systemic disease can be found in the majority of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, including patients with visible disease confined to the liver. Detection of CTC-specific mRNA transcripts for tyrosinase and MelanA/MART1 by PCR is a poor prognostic factor for progression-free and overall survival. Characterization of CTC could improve the understanding of their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schuster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité CBF, Berlin, Germany.
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Schuster R, Sorgatz K, Thiel E, Keilholz U. Characteristics and survival in patients with metastasic uveal melanoma: Analysis of a referral center cohort. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Heberlein A, Schuster R, Frieling H, Glahn A, Bleich S, Hillemacher T. Impact of disease concepts on attitudes towards alcohol dependent patients. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionStigmatizing attitudes regarding mentally ill people are common (Rusch et al., 2010). Study result suggest that the degree of stigmatization may depend on concepts of psychiatric diseases (Crisafulli et al., 2008).AimsWe aimed to investigate the impact of a sole neurobiological vs. a sole sociodynamic disease concept on the attitudes of students towards the alcohol dependent patients (Crisafulli et al., 2008).Methods200 students were randomly assigned to read information explaining alcohol dependence sole neurobiologically/sociodynamically. Subsequently, the students completed a series of questionnaires (adapted from Crisafulli et al. (2008)) regarding their attitudes towards the alcohol dependent patients. Attitudes were compared to attitudes of students not exposed to any disease concept.ResultsConsistent with former study results we found increased blaming and decreased willingness to finance therapy in those students exposed to the sociodynamic explanation. Attitudes regarding blaming and harmfulness of the alcohol dependent patients were increased in the neurobiological and sociodynamic group compared to the un-exposed control group.ConclusionsInformation regarding possible causalities regarding the development of alcohol dependence is associated with more negative attitudes towards alcohol dependent patients in the questioned students compared to unexposed controls. This may be reasoned by the recognition of alcohol dependence as a manifestation of mental illness and the subsequent inclusion of the alcohol dependent patients in the prejudices and acts of discrimination commonly leveled against the mentally ill. Therefore, multimodal interventions rather than medicinal information seem to be necessary in order to decrease stigmatization of the alcohol dependent patients.
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Evtushinsky DV, Inosov DS, Urbanik G, Zabolotnyy VB, Schuster R, Sass P, Hänke T, Hess C, Büchner B, Follath R, Reutler P, Revcolevschi A, Kordyuk AA, Borisenko SV. Bridging charge-orbital ordering and Fermi surface instabilities in half-doped single-layered manganite La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO₄. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:147201. [PMID: 21230862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.147201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The single-layered half-doped manganite La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO₄ (LSMO), was studied by means of the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and resistivity measurements. STM revealed a smooth reconstruction-free surface; the density of states, extracted from photoemission and tunneling spectroscopy, is in agreement with transport measurements. The derived from ARPES Fermi surface (FS) nesting properties correspond to the known pattern of the charge-orbital ordering (COO), which implies that FS instability is related to the propensity to form a COO state in LSMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Evtushinsky
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, Post Office Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Herzog S, Schuster R. Zur Darstellung elektronenreicher Verbindungen der Lanthanidenelemente Cer, Neodym und Ytterbium mit 2,2×-Dipyridyl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19670070125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Pigeons were trained to respond under two conditions with two identical variable-interval schedules of positive reinforcement. While the schedules operated for separate response keys, they were not available concurrently. During one condition, each response was punished with electric shock. During the other condition, shocks were delivered independently of responding. The punishment suppressed responding but the free shocks did not. However, when allowed to choose, the pigeons preferred the condition associated with the lowest rate of shock regardless of whether or not the shock was dependent on responding. In general, shocks exerted their greatest effect on whichever response had the greatest influence on shocks. In this respect, punishment is instrumental in suppressing behavior and the properties of punishment are symmetrical to those of reinforcement. This empirical symmetry dictates a corresponding conceptual symmetry in terms of a positive law of effect accounting for response increments and a negative law accounting for response decrements.
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Funk GC, Anders S, Breyer MK, Burghuber OC, Edelmann G, Heindl W, Hinterholzer G, Kohansal R, Schuster R, Schwarzmaier-D'Assie A, Valentin A, Hartl S. Incidence and outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation according to new categories. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:88-94. [PMID: 19541716 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00056909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Weaning from mechanical ventilation was categorised as simple, difficult or prolonged by an international task force of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine/Sociéte de Réanimation de Langue Française in 2007. This new classification has not been tested in clinical practice. The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and outcome of weaning according to the new categories. We included medical and surgical patients who required mechanical ventilation in a prospective, multicentre, 6-month cohort study. From an initial cohort of 510 patients, 257 intubated patients started weaning. Of these patients, the cumulative incidences of simple, difficult, and prolonged weaning were 152 (59%), 68 (26%) and 37 (14%), respectively. Hospital mortality was increased in patients with prolonged (32%) but not difficult (9%) weaning in comparison with those with simple weaning (13%), overall p = 0.0205. In a multivariate logistic regression model, prolonged but not difficult weaning was associated with an increased risk of death. Ventilator-free days and intensive care unit (ICU)-free days were decreased in both difficult and prolonged weaning. In conclusion, the new weaning category prolonged weaning is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the ICU. The new category difficult to wean was associated with increased morbidity, but not mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-C Funk
- Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD, Otto-Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Wacker F, Meyer B, Schuster R, Kroessin M, Foerster M, Thiel E, Keilholz U, Schmittel A. Abstract No. 184: Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) of Liver Metastases from Uveal Melanoma: Evaluation of Efficacy and LDH as a Prognostic Factor. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Drechsler SL, Grobosch M, Koepernik K, Behr G, Köhler A, Werner J, Kondrat A, Leps N, Hess C, Klingeler R, Schuster R, Büchner B, Knupfer M. Optical study of LaO0.9F0.1FeAs: evidence for a weakly coupled superconducting state. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:257004. [PMID: 19113745 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.257004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the reflectance of the recently discovered superconductor LaO0.9F0.1FeAs in a wide energy range from the far infrared to the visible regime. We report on the observation of infrared active phonons, the plasma edge, and possible interband transitions. On the basis of this data and the reported in-plane penetration depth lambda{L}(0)=254 nm [H. Luetkens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 097009 (2008)] a disorder sensitive relatively small value of the total electron-boson coupling constant lambda{tot}=lambda{e-ph}+lambda{e-sp} approximately 0.6+/-0.35 can be estimated adopting an effective single-band picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Drechsler
- IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
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de Abril O, Gündel A, Maroun F, Allongue P, Schuster R. Single-step electrochemical nanolithography of metal thin films by localized etching with an AFM tip. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:325301. [PMID: 21828808 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/32/325301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces electrochemical nanolithography (ENL), a single-step method in which a metal thin film is locally etched without application of a mask on a 100 nm length scale with an electrochemical atomic force microscope (AFM). The method requires the application of ultra-short voltage pulses on the tip (nanosecond range duration, 2-4 V amplitude), while both the sample and the metalized tip are under independent potentiostatic control for full control of interface reactions in an AFM electrochemical cell. It is demonstrated that Cu films as well as Co and Cu/Co sandwich magnetic films can be patterned if negative voltage pulses are applied to the tip. This method also applies to films deposited on an insulating substrate. Moreover the lateral dimension of lithographed structures is tunable, from a few micrometers down to 150 nm, by appropriate choice of ENL conditions. Simulation of the dissolution process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O de Abril
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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Schuster R, Ellner FM. Level ofFusarium infection in wheat spikelets related to location and number of inoculated spores. Mycotoxin Res 2008; 24:80-7. [PMID: 23604684 DOI: 10.1007/bf02985285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The flowering time is the most susceptible period for primary infection of wheat heads byFusarium spp. During this period spores can be deposited into the opened wheat florets where they may later cause infections. We quantitatively explored the relationship between variables related to the flowering process and the infection level byFusarium graminearum in single spikelets. We imitated open (chasmogamous) and closed (cleistogamous) flowering by injecting well-defined amounts of spores into and between wheat florets. Applying the spores between the florets resulted in weaker disease symptoms and significantly lower amounts ofFusarium mycotoxins. With larger numbers of spores, the disease symptoms became more pronounced and the mycotoxin amounts per spikelet increased significantly.Our results indicate that the probability of primary infection is approximately proportional to the number of spores reaching the open florets during the flowering process. The breeding of wheat lines which flower partially or completely cleistogamously might reduce theFusarium susceptibility in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schuster
- Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecochemistry, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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Schuster R, Lindner M, Wacker F, Krössin M, Bechrakis NE, Foerster MH, Thiel E, Keilholz U, Schmittel A. Efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of liver metastases from uveal melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Borisenko SV, Kordyuk AA, Yaresko AN, Zabolotnyy VB, Inosov DS, Schuster R, Büchner B, Weber R, Follath R, Patthey L, Berger H. Pseudogap and charge density waves in two dimensions. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:196402. [PMID: 18518466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.196402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we demonstrate that a normal-state pseudogap exists above T(N-IC) in one of the most studied two-dimensional charge-density wave (CDW) dichalcogenides 2H-TaSe(2). The initial formation of the incommensurate CDW is confirmed as being driven by a conventional nesting instability, which is marked by a pseudogap. The magnitude, character, and anisotropy of the 2D-CDW pseudogap bear considerable resemblance to those seen in superconducting cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Borisenko
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Inosov DS, Fink J, Kordyuk AA, Borisenko SV, Zabolotnyy VB, Schuster R, Knupfer M, Büchner B, Follath R, Dürr HA, Eberhardt W, Hinkov V, Keimer B, Berger H. Momentum and energy dependence of the anomalous high-energy dispersion in the electronic structure of high temperature superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:237002. [PMID: 18233401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.237002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we have studied the momentum and photon energy dependence of the anomalous high-energy dispersion, termed waterfalls, between the Fermi level and 1 eV binding energy in several high-T_{c} superconductors. We observe strong changes of the dispersion between different Brillouin zones and a strong dependence on the photon energy around 75 eV, which we associate with the resonant photoemission at the Cu3p-->3d_{x;{2}-y;{2}} edge. We conclude that the high-energy "waterfall" dispersion results from a strong suppression of the photoemission intensity at the center of the Brillouin zone due to matrix element effects and is, therefore, not an intrinsic feature of the spectral function. This indicates that the new high-energy scale in the electronic structure of cuprates derived from the waterfall-like dispersion may be incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Inosov
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Schlosser FU, Schuster R, Rapp T. Gesundheitliche Anforderungen an Werkstoffe und Materialien im Kontakt mit Trinkwasser. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:312-21. [PMID: 17334889 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In Germany the hygienic requirements on materials used to supply drinking water are a part of the technical standards. These regulations have to ensure that legal requirements on drinking water are met at the tap. The hygienic harmlessness is assured by requirements on the composition of materials and by test procedures including parametric limits. Historically, the requirements on different types of materials are a part of different technical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-U Schlosser
- Umweltbundesamt, Dienstgebäude Bad Elster, Bad Elster, BRD.
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Schuster R, Knupfer M, Berger H. Exciton band structure of pentacene molecular solids: breakdown of the Frenkel exciton model. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:037402. [PMID: 17358724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.037402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Employing inelastic electron scattering we demonstrate here the determination of the exciton dispersion in a molecular solid. The failure of the applied tight-binding description provides strong evidence for a necessary reconsideration of the traditional, Frenkel-exciton based, understanding of the lowest-lying electronic transitions in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schuster
- IFW Dresden, Postfach 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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