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Yamaguchi E, Ffrench O'Carroll R, Chau A, Preston R. Successful antepartum de-labelling of local anaesthetic allergy in a parturient with a self-reported allergy to amide and ester local anaesthetics. Int J Obstet Anesth 2024; 58:103978. [PMID: 38508964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- E Yamaguchi
- Room 1Q72-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver BC, Canada.
| | | | - A Chau
- BC Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Preston
- BC Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Patel V, Patel J, Gan J, Rahiminejad M, Preston R, Mak SM, Benedetti G. Reporting of coronary artery calcification on chest CT studies in patients with interstitial lung disease. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e532-e538. [PMID: 38242805 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the thorax in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), assess consistency of CAC reporting and assess incidence of subsequent cardiac events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with known interstitial lung disease who underwent a CT thorax over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Presence of CAC was assessed using a visual scale for CAC reporting and graded as mild, moderate, or severe by two cardiothoracic radiologists. CT reports were reviewed to determine if presence of CAC had been described. Electronic medical records were reviewed for any subsequent cardiothoracic events from the date of the CT thorax to present. RESULTS 254 patients were included in the analysis (54.7% men; mean age 59.9 yo). 43.7% had CAC on their CT thorax; however, in 87.3% of those, reports did not comment on its presence. 8 patients had cardiac events; 7 of them had CAC on CT although only in 1 case this was reported. Global CAC and LAD CAC Patients with cardiac events had a significantly higher global CAC (p=0.016) and LAD CAC (p=0.048) when compared to patients without. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a high prevalence of CAC in ILD patients and its significant association with adverse cardiac events. Unfortunately, CAC on CT thorax is still largely unreported. As per recent BSCI/BSCCT and BSTI guidelines, reporting of CAC should become part of routine practice, as may prompt prevention and impact on patients outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patel
- The Royal Marsden, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - J Patel
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Gan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Rahiminejad
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - R Preston
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S M Mak
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - G Benedetti
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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3
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Hull KL, Quann N, Glover S, Wimbury C, Churchward DR, Pickering WP, Preston R, Baines R, Graham-Brown MPM, Burton JO. Evaluating the clinical experience of a regional in-center nocturnal hemodialysis program: The patient and staff perspective. Hemodial Int 2021; 25:447-456. [PMID: 34133061 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION End-stage kidney disease causes significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Despite improvements in conventional hemodialysis, these problems persist. In-center nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD) has been shown to be beneficial in observational studies. This report outlines a 4-year renal network experience of INHD from the patient and frontline staff perspective. METHODS Staff and patients' experiences of INHD were evaluated through two work streams. Work stream one: 12 patients who chose to stop INHD and 24 patients who chose to continue with INHD completed an anonymous survey. Work stream two: one-to-one interviews with 20 patients receiving INHD and seven staff working INHD shifts were conducted. Clinical incident reporting for conventional hemodialysis and INHD from April 2014 to December 2018 was reviewed. FINDINGS Work stream one: Five themes were identified; facilities, time, health and well-being, sleep, and transport. A patient "starter pack" was developed and improvements to the dialysis unit were completed. Work stream two: Patient interviews demonstrated starter packs to aid sleep were well received; sleep itself was not a single reason to discontinue INHD. Staff indicated that their greatest concern was staffing levels; although staff-to-patient ratio remains unchanged, total numbers on INHD shifts were fewer, causing concern around less colleague availability for support during an emergency. SAFETY 363 clinical incidents were reported across all dialysis shifts; for conventional hemodialysis, a larger proportion were due to medical interventions, infection control, and transport; for INHD, most incidents centered around communication with patients and relatives, delays in patient transfer, and issues with medical equipment or facilities. DISCUSSION Patients continue with INHD due to increased social time and perceived health benefits. Patient starter packs and adjustments to the dialysis unit may enhance sleep. This experience has optimized the design of the NightLife study; a randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of INHD on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Hull
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Niamh Quann
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Suzanne Glover
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Coral Wimbury
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Darren R Churchward
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Rob Preston
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Baines
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew P M Graham-Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - James O Burton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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4
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Wenlock RD, Tausan M, Mann R, Garr W, Preston R, Arnold A, Hoban J, Webb L, Quick C, Beckett A, Loveson K, Glaysher S, Elliott S, Malone C, Cogger B, Easton L, Robson SC, Hassan-Ibrahim MO, Sargent C. Nosocomial or not? A combined epidemiological and genomic investigation to understand hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection on an elderly care ward. Infect Prev Pract 2021; 3:100165. [PMID: 34485893 PMCID: PMC8397489 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2021.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has the potential to cause outbreaks in hospitals. Given the comorbid and elderly cohort of patients hospitalized, hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection is often fatal. Pathogen genome sequencing is becoming increasingly important in infection prevention and control (IPC). Aim To inform the understanding of in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission in order to improve IPC practices and to inform the future development of virological testing for IPC. Methods Patients detected COVID-19 positive by polymerase chain reaction on Ward A in April and May 2020 were included with contact tracing to identify other potential cases. Genome sequencing was undertaken for a subgroup of cases. Epidemiological, genomic, and cluster analyses were performed to describe the epidemiology and to identify factors contributing to the outbreak. Findings Fourteen cases were identified on Ward A. Contact tracing identified 16 further patient cases; in addition, eight healthcare workers (HCWs) were identified as being COVID-19 positive through a round of asymptomatic testing. Genome sequencing of 16 of these cases identified viral genomes differing by two single nucleotide polymorphisms or fewer, with further cluster analysis identifying two groups of infection (a five-person group and a six-person group). Conclusion Despite the temporal relationship of cases, genome sequencing identified that not all cases shared transmission events. However, 11 samples were found to be closely related and these likely represented in-hospital transmission. This included three HCWs, thereby confirming transmission between patients and HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Wenlock
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - M Tausan
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - R Mann
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - W Garr
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - R Preston
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - A Arnold
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - J Hoban
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - L Webb
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - C Quick
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - A Beckett
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - K Loveson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - S Glaysher
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - S Elliott
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - C Malone
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - B Cogger
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - L Easton
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | | | - S C Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - C Sargent
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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Liang G, Bhiladvala C, Preston R. Nutritional preferences of women during labour: a survey study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 48:103209. [PMID: 34391026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Liang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Bhiladvala
- Department of Anesthesia, British Columbia Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Preston
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, British Columbia Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Mak SM, Mak D, Hodson D, Preston R, Retter A, Camporota L, Benedetti G. Pulmonary ischaemia without pulmonary arterial thrombus in COVID-19 patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a cohort study. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:795.e1-795.e5. [PMID: 32778329 PMCID: PMC7368894 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the incidence of pulmonary ischaemia in COVID-19 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and its correlation with pulmonary artery thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) thorax of all patients receiving ECMO with proven COVID-19 pneumonitis between March and May 2020 were analysed for the presence and extension of pulmonary thromboembolic disease. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were reviewed. The mean (range) age of 45 (26–66) years; 38/51 (74.5%) were men. All patients had severe COVID-19 pneumonitis, and 18/51 (35.3%) had macroscopic thrombosis (15 with associated ischaemia); however, 13/51 (25.5%) patients had ischaemia without associated thrombus. CONCLUSION The majority of patients with COVID-19 who received ECMO had areas of ischaemia within consolidated lungs, almost half of these without subtending pulmonary artery thrombosis. Although the prognostic significance of these findings is unclear, they are highly suggestive of lung ischaemia due to isolated microvascular immune thrombosis. High incidence of pulmonary artery thrombosis in COVID-19 ECMO patients. Lung ischaemia seen in patients with and without visible pulmonary artery thrombus. Ischaemia with no visible thrombus suggest microvascular thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mak
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - D Mak
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - D Hodson
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - R Preston
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - A Retter
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - L Camporota
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - G Benedetti
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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7
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Shippam W, Preston R, Douglas J, Chau A. Redefining endpoints with apnoeic oxygenation in pregnancy – better the devil you know than the devil you don't? Anaesthesia 2019; 74:1621-1622. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Shippam
- British Columbia Women's Hospital Vancouver Canada
| | - R. Preston
- British Columbia Women's Hospital Vancouver Canada
| | - J. Douglas
- British Columbia Women's Hospital Vancouver Canada
| | - A. Chau
- British Columbia Women's Hospital Vancouver Canada
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8
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Shippam W, Preston R, Douglas J, Taylor J, Albert A, Chau A. High-flow nasal oxygen vs. standard flow-rate facemask pre-oxygenation in pregnant patients: a randomised physiological study. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:450-456. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Shippam
- British Columbia Women's Hospital; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - R. Preston
- British Columbia Women's Hospital; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - J. Douglas
- University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - J. Taylor
- British Columbia Women's Hospital; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A. Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A. Chau
- British Columbia Women's Hospital; Vancouver BC Canada
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9
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Ness AR, Wills AK, Waylen A, Al-Ghatam R, Jones TEM, Preston R, Ireland AJ, Persson M, Smallridge J, Hall AJ, Sell D, Sandy JR. Centralization of cleft care in the UK. Part 6: a tale of two studies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 18 Suppl 2:56-62. [PMID: 26567856 PMCID: PMC4670710 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We summarize and critique the methodology and outcomes from a substantial study which has investigated the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15 years after the UK government started to implement the centralization of cleft care in response to an earlier survey in 1998, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG). Setting and Sample Population A UK multicentre cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Data were collected from children born in the UK with a unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007. Materials and Methods We discuss and contextualize the outcomes from speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health and psychosocial factors in the current study. We refer to the earlier survey and other relevant studies. Results We present arguments for centralization of cleft care in healthcare systems, and we evidence this with improvements seen over a period of 15 years in the UK. We also make recommendations on how future audit and research may configure. Conclusions Outcomes for children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate have improved after the introduction of a centralized multidisciplinary service, and other countries may benefit from this model. Predictors of early outcomes are still needed, and repeated cross-sectional studies, larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are required to create a research-led evidence-based (centralized) service.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ness
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A K Wills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Al-Ghatam
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T E M Jones
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
| | - R Preston
- Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, UK
| | - A J Ireland
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Persson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - J Smallridge
- South Thames' Cleft Unit, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Cleft Net East Cleft Network, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Hall
- Children's Hearing Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D Sell
- Speech and Language Therapy Department and Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J R Sandy
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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10
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Persson M, Sandy JR, Waylen A, Wills AK, Al-Ghatam R, Ireland AJ, Hall AJ, Hollingworth W, Jones T, Peters TJ, Preston R, Sell D, Smallridge J, Worthington H, Ness AR. A cross-sectional survey of 5-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: the Cleft Care UK study. Part 1: background and methodology. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 18 Suppl 2:1-13. [PMID: 26567851 PMCID: PMC4670715 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We describe the methodology for a major study investigating the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15 years after an initial survey, detailed in the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) report in 1998, had informed government recommendations on centralization. Setting and Sample Population This is a UK multicentre cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Children born between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007 were seen in cleft centre audit clinics. Materials and Methods Consent was obtained for the collection of routine clinical measures (speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health, psychosocial factors) and anthropometric measures (height, weight, head circumference). The methodology for each clinical measure followed those of the earlier survey as closely as possible. Results We identified 359 eligible children and recruited 268 (74.7%) to the study. Eleven separate records for each child were collected at the audit clinics. In total, 2666 (90.4%) were collected from a potential 2948 records. The response rates for the self-reported questionnaires, completed at home, were 52.6% for the Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire and 52.2% for the Satisfaction with Service Questionnaire. Conclusions Response rates and measures were similar to those achieved in the previous survey. There are practical, administrative and methodological challenges in repeating cross-sectional surveys 15 years apart and producing comparable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - J R Sandy
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A K Wills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Al-Ghatam
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Dental & Maxillofacial Centre, Royal Medical Services, West Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - A J Ireland
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A J Hall
- Children's Hearing Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W Hollingworth
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T Jones
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
| | - T J Peters
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Preston
- Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, UK
| | - D Sell
- Speech and Language Therapy Department and Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Smallridge
- South Thames' Cleft Unit, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Cleft Net East Cleft Network, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Worthington
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A R Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Graham-Brown MPM, Churchward DR, Hull KL, Preston R, Pickering WP, Eborall HC, McCann GP, Burton JO. Cardiac Remodelling in Patients Undergoing in-Centre Nocturnal Haemodialysis: Results from the MIDNIGHT Study, a Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Blood Purif 2017; 44:301-310. [PMID: 29084397 DOI: 10.1159/000481248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests extended-hours haemodialysis (HD) may improve cardiovascular, medical and quality-of-life outcomes. In-centre nocturnal haemodialysis (INHD) is an established but underutilized method of providing extended-hours treatment. This 6-month, non-randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN16672784) recruited 13 INHD patients and 12 control patients on conventional HD. The effects of treatment on left ventricular (LV) structure, function and myocardial fibrosis were assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and native T1 mapping. Quality-of-life and clinical measures were also collected. INHD led to significant reductions in LV mass (-14.75 vs. +6.54 g; p = 0.02), global T1 (-30.62 vs. 0.4 ms; p = 0.05) and non-septal native T1 values (-30.93 vs. 8.96 ms; p = 0.02) over time. There were also significant improvements in serum phosphate (-0.39 vs. +0.02 mmol/L; p = 0.03) and reductions in ultrafiltration rates (-2.32 vs. +0.70 mL/h/kg p = 0.05) between INHD and controls. Six-months of INHD was associated with favourable LV remodelling and reduced myocardial fibrosis compared to patients on conventional haemodialysis.
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12
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Behar J, Behar J, Providência R, Cronbach P, Siddiqui S, Brough C, Ara F, Newham W, Ng F, Ayala-Paredes F, Withers K, Hayward C, Chin H, Fearn S, Omerod J, Gamble J, Foley P, Bostock J, Claridge S, Jackson T, Sohal M, Razavi R, Betts T, Herring N, Rinaldi C, Pourmorteza A, McVeigh E, Niederer S, Claridge S, Jackson T, Sohal M, Preston R, Carr-White G, Razavi R, Rajani R, Rinaldi C, Boveda S, Defaye P, Barra S, Babu G, Ang R, Algalarrondo V, Bouzeman A, Ahsan S, Deharo JC, Sporton S, Segal O, Klug D, Lambiase P, Sadoul N, Agarwal S, Piot O, Chow A, Périer M, Fauchier L, Babuty D, Lowe M, Leclercq C, Bordachar P, Marijon E, Wilson D, Panfilo D, Greenhut S, Stegemann B, Morgan J, Nicolson W, Li A, Behr E, Ng G, Raman G, Belchambers S, Rao A, Wright D, John I, Crockford C, Kaba R, Begg G, Tayebjee M, Leong K, Hu M, Kanapeckaite L, Roney C, Lim P, Harding S, Peters N, Varnava A, Kanagaratnam P, Roux JF, Badra M, White J, Lencioni M, Carolan-Rees G, Patrick H, Griffith M, Patel H, Spiesshoefer J, Morley-Smith A, Patel K, Rosen S, DiMario C, Lyon A, Cowie M. Devices & Sudden death. Europace 2015; 17:v10-v13. [PMCID: PMC4892105 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
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13
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Pai S, Koretomo R, Tamaki S, Berg J, Marbury T, Galloway C, Preston R. FP658JTZ-951, A NOVEL HIF-PHD INHIBITOR, DEMONSTRATES INCREASES IN HEMOGLOBIN, IRON MOBILIZATION, REPRODUCIBLE PHARMACOKINETICS, AND SAFETY FOLLOWING ONCE DAILY ADMINISTRATION FOR 15 DAYS IN PATIENTS WITH ANEMIA RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv182.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Eliwan HO, Watson RWG, Aslam S, Regan I, Philbin B, O'Hare FM, O'Neill A, Preston R, Blanco A, Grant T, Nolan B, Smith O, Molloy EJ. Neonatal brain injury and systemic inflammation: modulation by activated protein C ex vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:477-84. [PMID: 25204207 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation can be antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and increase the risk of neurological sequelae. Activated protein C (APC) has anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory effects and provides neuroprotection in brain and spinal cord injury. We examined neutrophil and monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in infants with NE compared with healthy adult and neonatal controls, and also studied the effect of APC. Whole blood was incubated with LPS and APC and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (LPS recognition), CD11b expression (activation) and intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI; function) release from neutrophils and monocytes was examined by flow cytometry serially from days 1 to 7. We found a significant increase in neutrophil ROI in infants with NE on day 3 following LPS compared to neonatal controls and this augmented response was reduced significantly by APC. Neutrophil and monocyte CD11b expression was increased significantly on day 1 in infants with NE compared to neonatal controls. LPS-induced neutrophil TLR-4 expression was increased significantly in infants with NE on days 3 and 7 and was reduced by APC. LPS-induced monocyte TLR-4 was increased significantly in infants with NE on day 7. Neutrophil and monocyte activation and production of ROIs may mediate tissue damage in infants with NE. APC modified LPS responses in infants with NE. APC may reduce the inflammatory responses in NE and may ameliorate multi-organ dysfunction. Further study of the immunomodulatory effects of protein C may be warranted using mutant forms with decreased bleeding potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Eliwan
- Paediatrics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Children Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Starsmore L, Lams B, Agarwal S, Nair A, Preston R, Barrett N, Glover G, Ioannou N, Langrish C, Wyncoll D, Meadows C. S9 Acute Inflammatory Presentation Associates With Survival In Interstitial Lung Disease And Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation-requiring Severe Respiratory Failure: A Single Centre Case Series. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sarwar KN, Huda MSB, Van de Velde V, Hopkins L, Luck S, Preston R, McGowan BM, Carroll PV, Powrie JK. The prevalence and natural history of pituitary hemorrhage in prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2362-7. [PMID: 23585661 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Incidental pituitary hemorrhage, without full pituitary apoplexy, is a recognized radiological finding, but little information exists on its clinical behavior, with most reports describing surgically treated macroprolactinoma or nonfunctioning adenoma. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to characterize the prevalence, natural history, and risk factors associated with pituitary hemorrhage in a large clinic prolactinoma population. DESIGN The design consisted of a retrospective analysis of a clinic population. SETTING The setting was a tertiary endocrine center in a large teaching hospital. PATIENTS We studied three hundred sixty-eight patients with prolactinoma. The presence of hemorrhage was documented on magnetic resonance imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measures were the prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of pituitary hemorrhage. RESULTS Pituitary hemorrhage was found in 25 patients, giving an overall prevalence of 6.8%, and was significantly higher in macroprolactinoma (20.3%) compared to microprolactinoma (3.1%, P < .0001). Three patients had classical pituitary apoplexy. The majority of patients in the hemorrhage group had macroprolactinomas (16/25 [64%]) and were women (22/25 [88%]). The proportion of women with macroprolactinoma was higher in the hemorrhage group (14/16 macroprolactinomas [87.5%]) than in the nonhemorrhage group (36/63 macroprolactinomas [57.1%], P = .02). The majority of pituitary hemorrhages (92%) were treated conservatively with dopamine agonist therapy for hyperprolactinemia. Eighty-seven percent of patients had complete resolution of their hemorrhage within 26.6 ± 23.3 (mean ± SD) months. The presence of macroprolactinoma (odds ratio 9.00 [95%CI 3.79-23.88], P < .001) and being female (odds ratio 8.03 [95%confidence interval 1.22-52.95], P = .03) were independently associated with hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS These data show that incidental hemorrhage in prolactinoma is not uncommon. It is more likely to occur in macroprolactinoma, where 1 in 5 develop hemorrhage, and is particularly common in women with macroprolactinoma. The majority are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Sarwar
- Department of Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Yalakki Jagadeesh L, Lams B, Preston R, Gullick N, Kirkham B, Agarwal S. AB0177 Patterns and severity of lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kathirgamanathan A, Douglas MJ, Tyler J, Saran S, Gunka V, Preston R, Kliffer P. Speed of spinal vs general anaesthesia for category-1 caesarean section: a simulation and clinical observation-based study. Anaesthesia 2013; 68:753-9. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. J. Douglas
- Department of Anesthesia; British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
| | - J. Tyler
- Department of Anesthesia; British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
| | - S. Saran
- Department of Anesthesia; British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
| | - V. Gunka
- Department of Anesthesia; British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
| | - R. Preston
- Department of Anesthesia; British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
| | - P. Kliffer
- Department of Anesthesia; British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
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Clarke R, MacMahon Z, Padayachee T, Preston R, Graham C, Crook M, Wierzbicki A. (2) The role of improved phenotypic confirmation of familial hypercholesterolemia in enhancing the use of genetic testing. Atherosclerosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Preston R, Jakubek J, Prokopovich D, Uher J. Development of SiPM-based scintillator tile detectors for a multi-layer fast neutron tracker. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123502004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Acute chest pain is a common presenting complaint of patients attending emergency room departments. Despite this, it can often be challenging to completely exclude a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome following an initial standard clinical and biochemical evaluation. As a result of this, patients are often admitted to hospital until the treating clinician is satisfied that this diagnosis can be excluded. This process imparts a significant health economic burden by not only increasing hospital bed occupancy rates but also by the unnecessary layering of diagnostic investigations. With the rapid advances in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), there has been considerable interest in whether coronary CTA may be a viable alternative to this current standard care. We review the current literature and supporting evidence for utilising coronary CTA in the evaluation of patients presenting with acute chest pain in terms of its diagnostic accuracy, safety, cost-effectiveness and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajani
- Department of Cardiac Computed Tomography, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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Koschier F, Gallo MA, Feng X, Baxter GE, Preston R, Stevens K, Powers W. Toxicological studies on 2,4,6-tribromoanisole. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2074-80. [PMID: 21645578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
TBA, or 2,4,6-tribromoanisole, is a musty-smelling metabolite of 2,4,6-tribromophenol that is used as a flame retardant and an antifungal agent for wooden pallets and packaging materials. The compound can impart its peculiar, often offensive, odor on product packaging to the concern of consumers for the safety of the package contents. These studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of TBA to humans ingesting products tainted with TBA. In addition to the 28-day oral study, a bacterial reverse mutation study was conducted, and confirmed that TBA was not mutagenic. To evaluate oral safety, TBA was evaluated in single dose and 5-day and 4-week repeated dose oral toxicity studies in rats. The test article, administered in single gavage doses of 2000, 5000 and 7500 mg/kg body weight (bw), in 5 daily repeated doses of 1000, 2000 or 3000 mg/kg bw/day or in 28 daily oral gavage doses of 0 001, 0.01, 100, and 1000 mg/kg bw/day did not result in any deaths. Also, the single and repeat dose studies resulted in no significant differences between control and treated groups on body weight gain, food consumption, clinical observations, blood biochemical values, and hematology findings. Treatment-related adverse findings were only detected in male rats during repeated dose studies and were associated with high plasma concentrations of TBA. The test article-related finding of hyaline droplets in the cortical tubular epithelium of kidneys was associated with increases in α(2 μ)-globulin content in the kidneys as indicated by the intensity of immunohistochemical staining. These findings were correlated with an increased weight of kidneys in males administered 1000mg/kgbw/day for 28days. Chemical induction of hyaline droplets containing α(2μ)-globulin in the renal proximal tubule is a process unique to the male rat and is not relevant for human risk assessment. Findings of increased liver weight with minimal centrilobular to diffuse hepatocellular hypertrophy in males treated with TBA at 1000mg/kg bw/day for 28days were considered to be an adaptive metabolic response to xenobiotic administration. The increased volume of urine, noted in both males and females treated with 1000mg/kg bw/day was considered adaptive and necessary to excrete the high xenobiotic burden resulting from TBA administration. TBA appeared to be highly bioavailable since high concentrations of TBA were detected in plasma, at 1, 4 and 8h after administration of TBA at 100 and 1000mg/kg bw for 1 and 28days. Levels were dose-related but did not clarify the course of TBA elimination with time after administration. These studies indicate that TBA, administered orally to rats, produced male rat-specific, treatment-related toxicity at the highest orally administered dose in repeated dose (5-day at 3000mg/kg bw and 28-day at 1000mg/kg bw) studies. Therefore, the NOAEL for the 28-day oral study was determined to be 1000mg/kg bw/day for the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Koschier
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Products Worldwide, 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, NJ 08558-1303, United States.
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Abstract
The long-term effects of cranial external beam radiotherapy are emerging as survival rates for cerebral tumours improve. Cerebral cavernoma are a recognized consequence of cranial irradiation. Endocrinologists managing the life-long complications of hypopituitarism associated with irradiation need to be aware and vigilant of the risks of cavernoma formation, in particular in the population with a history of childhood irradiation. We present three cases of young patients who were diagnosed with cerebral cavernoma many years after childhood irradiation treatment and review the current literature on this condition. We discuss implications for endocrine practice as rising numbers of patients survive childhood cancer and irradiation and are now attending adult endocrine services for long-term management of secondary hypopituitarism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Collins P, Rosano G, Casey C, Daly C, Gambacciani M, Hadji P, Kaaja R, Mikkola T, Palacios S, Preston R, Simon T, Stevenson J, Stramba-Badiale M. Management of cardiovascular risk in the perimenopausal women: a consensus statement of European cardiologists and gynecologists. Climacteric 2009; 10:508-26. [DOI: 10.1080/13697130701755213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bailey J, Veitch C, Crossland L, Preston R. Developing research capacity building for Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander health workers in health service settings. Rural Remote Health 2006; 6:556. [PMID: 17187447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers (hereafter called health workers) can play a major role in facilitating culturally appropriate health care delivery and program development through the acquisition of improved skills in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of these programs (RCB). However, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities remain concerned about research and related activities. Health workers are well placed to assist communities to not only embrace research, but to be active players and promoters of relevant, appropriate and acceptable research. One means of achieving the twin goals of RCB and community acceptance and involvement in research, is through health workers undertaking research of health priority issues and evaluation of activities, such as program delivery, that are of direct relevance to their community's aim of improving or enhancing service delivery. This article outlines the development and content of a community-based RCB framework for health workers. The focus is on the major issues that enhance a proactive service delivery model using culturally appropriate research methods. Development process: The RCB framework described here was developed, over a period of time, through community workshops and consultations aimed at deriving general consensus on the key issues and components of a culturally-appropriate, community-based training process. The framework has subsequently been reviewed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community representatives from across Australia. The overall aim of the framework is to supplement current (institutionally-based) education and training resources for health workers with community-based research training modules. These modules can be tailored to provide research and evaluation skills relevant to health workers taking a more proactive role in facilitating health and wellbeing programs in their own communities. The use of collaborative consultation and participatory methods are intended to be a two-way education process. Course content: A visual pathway is used that encompasses the impact of health and practice in the community for health workers at a grass-roots level. This enables elements of the RCB process to be divided into a series of connected modules. These are: (i 'assessing' Existing Services; (ii) methods and measures for Identifying Need at various levels; (iii) important issues in Program Development; (iv) how the former contributes to Service Improvement; (v) resultant Outcomes that will impact on community and service provision; and (vi) Evaluation Methods and applying findings to service delivery. CONCLUSIONS Active participation by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community is fundamental for effective research practices and outcomes. The aim is to provide health workers and community members with a working knowledge of research ethics and methods so that they can assist, monitor and steer the development of culturally appropriate research activities that will lead to provision of the highest quality services 'back' to the community. This RCB framework will enable health workers to be more proactive, self-reliant and self-sufficient within their community and healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bailey
- Rural Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia.
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Däbritz J, Hänfler J, Preston R, Stieler J, Oettle H. Detection of Ki-ras mutations in tissue and plasma samples of patients with pancreatic cancer using PNA-mediated PCR clamping and hybridisation probes. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:405-12. [PMID: 15655549 PMCID: PMC2361834 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we combined the PCR-clamping approach with melting curve analysis using mutant specific hybridisation probes and wild-type specific peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to determine the genotypes of the most frequent point mutation in codon 12 of the proto-oncogene Ki-ras in tissue and plasma samples of patients with pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of our assay was 1–5 × 10−5. The melting curve analysis of tissue samples of four patients revealed two valine mutations, one none-valine mutation and one wild-type sequence. Ki-ras alterations were found in 28% of DNAs (18 out of 64) of nonrelated plasma samples of 10 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The valine mutation was the predominantly detected gene alteration (83%). Out of ten patients investigated, four patients (40%) became positive during clinical observation with respect to Ki-ras mutation. All four patients exhibited progressive disease and high levels of tumour marker CA 19-9. In conclusion, the one-step procedure discribed may be a useful clinical tool for analysing Ki-ras point mutations in tissue and plasmas samples. In addition, this method can be adapted for simultanous detection of multiple mutations and quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Däbritz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hänfler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
| | - R Preston
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Stieler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Oettle
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Kearvell R, Kuan R, Preston R, Tanner P, Buck H, Hedges R. Acute radiation toxicity assessment of a 3-D conformal head and neck radiation treatment technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 48:358-63. [PMID: 15344987 DOI: 10.1111/j.0004-8461.2004.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients undergoing radiation treatment for head and neck cancer have many critical structures within or adjacent to the treatment area. Avoiding these critical structures is more efficient and easier using 3-D conformal planning. At Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital an investigation into the acute radiation toxicity was undertaken when the head and neck treatment technique was changed from the conventional 2-D plan to the conformal 3-D plan. Although the primary target volume (PTV), fraction size and overall dose remain the same for the two techniques, differing beam configurations mean that treatment fields enter and exit through different parts of the head and neck. Ten patients were initially assessed to gain a baseline appearance of their head and neck region, and then graded weekly according to the toxicity criteria during treatment and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The results of the assessment indicate that there is no increase in toxicity as a result of treating using the conformal head and neck technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kearvell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Phillips I, Casewell M, Cox T, De Groot B, Friis C, Jones R, Nightingale C, Preston R, Waddell J. Antibiotic use in animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 53:885; author reply 886. [PMID: 15028664 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Exposure to chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodelling. In chronic lung disease, chronic hypercapnia frequently coexists with hypoxia and is associated with worsening of pulmonary hypertension. It is generally stated that pulmonary hypertension in these conditions is secondary to hypoxic vascular remodelling and that hypercapnia augments this remodelling thus worsening the hypertension. We review recent evidence which shows that although chronic hypoxia causes thickening of the walls of pulmonary arterioles, these changes do not lead to structural narrowing of the lumen by encroachment. Moreover, hypoxia leads to new vessel formation within the pulmonary vasculature and not loss of vessels as formerly thought. Such neovascularization may provide a beneficial adaptation by increasing the area of the gas exchange membrane. These novel structural findings are supported by recent reports that inhibitors of the RhoA pathway can acutely reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in chronically hypoxic lungs to near normal values, demonstrating that structural changes are not the dominant mechanisms underling hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic hypercapnia inhibits the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular remodelling and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. This last effect might be maladaptive, as it would prevent the potentially beneficial increase in gas exchange membrane area. These findings suggest that structural narrowing of the vascular lumen of resistance vessels is not the mechanism by which hypoxia and hypercapnia cause pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Howell
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Kellert R, Preston R, Johnson C, Safferman D, Shaplro M, Gentry J. Evaluation of Dual Mechanism Impactors for Isometric Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i360076a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bakris GL, Smith AC, Richardson DJ, Hung E, Preston R, Goldberg R, Epstein M. Impact of an ACE inhibitor and calcium antagonist on microalbuminuria and lipid subfractions in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, multi-centre pilot study. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16:185-91. [PMID: 11896508 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2001] [Revised: 08/05/2001] [Accepted: 10/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and lipid abnormalities in people with type 2 diabetes. ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) reduce MA and are neutral on total cholesterol and triglycerides. The effect of ACE inhibitors and CCBs on lipid subfractions such as Lp(a), apolipoprotein (apo) A1, apo B, and others, however, is unclear. The current study tests the hypothesis that a fixed-dose combination of an ACE inhibitor, benazepril (B) with the dihydropyridine CCB, amlodipine (A), will further reduce arterial pressure and reduce atherogenic lipid fractions compared to either agent alone. DESIGN A multicentre, randomised, open-label, parallel group design was used to study 27 participants with type 2 diabetes. Measurements for total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL), triglycerides, apo A1, apo B, Lp(a), MA, arterial pressure and creatinine clearance were obtained at baseline and at 12-week intervals during the 36 week study. RESULTS Arterial pressure was significantly reduced at 36 weeks in all three groups (P = 0.0078 for A, P = 0.0039 for B, and P = 0.0313 for A+B). MA was lowered in all groups with relatively greater reductions in the B (P < 0.05) and A+B groups (P < 0.03) vs A. An increase in mean HDL-cholesterol from baseline was noted in the B and A+B groups; P < 0.05), but not in the A group. A trend was also observed between the rise in HDL-cholesterol and the reduction in MA in the B and A+B groups. Additionally, only the B group exhibited a decrease in the median value of Lp(a) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data support the concept that ACE inhibition with B reduces the atherogenic profile by decreasing Lp(a) and increasing HDL-cholesterol, the latter being correlated with reductions in MA. While A+B exhibited similar trends in lipid subfractions and MA as B, this group had the greatest reduction in systolic blood pressure of the three groups. Thus, use of A+B offers the benefits of a decreased atherogenic profile with a higher probably of achieving goal blood pressure as recommended by national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Bakris
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Hypertension/Clinical Research Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Preston R. Effects of type II diabetes mellitus on the comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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36
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Preston R. A sequential design study to compare the antihypertensive effect of amlodipine to nifedipine GITS in patients with multiple drug requiring hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Preston R. Comparative effects on renal potassium excretion of candesartan versus lisinopril in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes mellitus and preserved renal function. Am J Hypertens 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Preston R. Endothelial and platelet activation in severe, uncontrolled hypertension: absolute effect of extreme blood pressure elevation on soluble adhesion molecules and CD62 (P-selectin). Am J Hypertens 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Non-invasive ventilation techniques provide and enhance alveolar ventilation without the need for an endotracheal airway. These techniques are increasingly being used by nurses to manage patients with type 2 respiratory failure. The author outlines the advantages of, and criteria and contraindications for, using bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preston
- Ayr Hospital/Paisley University, Ayrshire.
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40
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Fluck S, Preston R, McKane W, Harris A, Morgan R, Gedroyc W, Cairns T, Palmer A, Taube D. Intra-arterial stenting for recurrent transplant renal artery stenosis. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1245-6. [PMID: 11267278 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Fluck
- Renal & Transplant Units, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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McKane W, Kanganas C, Preston R, Cairns T, Hakim N, Palmer A, Taube D. Treatment of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity by dose reduction plus introduction of mycophenolate mofetil. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1224-5. [PMID: 11267268 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W McKane
- Renal and Transplant Unit, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Tabata S, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Kotani H, Kato T, Asamizu E, Miyajima N, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Hosouchi T, Kawashima K, Kohara M, Matsumoto M, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakayama S, Nakazaki N, Naruo K, Okumura S, Shinpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M, Sato S, de la Bastide M, Huang E, Spiegel L, Gnoj L, O'Shaughnessy A, Preston R, Habermann K, Murray J, Johnson D, Rohlfing T, Nelson J, Stoneking T, Pepin K, Spieth J, Sekhon M, Armstrong J, Becker M, Belter E, Cordum H, Cordes M, Courtney L, Courtney W, Dante M, Du H, Edwards J, Fryman J, Haakensen B, Lamar E, Latreille P, Leonard S, Meyer R, Mulvaney E, Ozersky P, Riley A, Strowmatt C, Wagner-McPherson C, Wollam A, Yoakum M, Bell M, Dedhia N, Parnell L, Shah R, Rodriguez M, See LH, Vil D, Baker J, Kirchoff K, Toth K, King L, Bahret A, Miller B, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR, Wilson RK, Murphy G, Bancroft I, Volckaert G, Wambutt R, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Pohl T, Entian KD, Terryn N, Hartley N, Bent E, Johnson S, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Robben J, Grymonprez B, Zimmermann W, Ramsperger U, Wedler H, Balke K, Wedler E, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirkse W, Mooijman P, Lankhorst RK, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Rose M, Hauf J, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Villarroel R, Gielen J, Ardiles W, Bents O, Lemcke K, Kolesov G, Mayer K, Rudd S, Schoof H, Schueller C, Zaccaria P, Mewes HW, Bevan M, Fransz P. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 2000; 408:823-6. [PMID: 11130714 DOI: 10.1038/35048507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been sequenced by an international collaboration, The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. Here we report the complete sequence of chromosome 5. This chromosome is 26 megabases long; it is the second largest Arabidopsis chromosome and represents 21% of the sequenced regions of the genome. The sequence of chromosomes 2 and 4 have been reported previously and that of chromosomes 1 and 3, together with an analysis of the complete genome sequence, are reported in this issue. Analysis of the sequence of chromosome 5 yields further insights into centromere structure and the sequence determinants of heterochromatin condensation. The 5,874 genes encoded on chromosome 5 reveal several new functions in plants, and the patterns of gene organization provide insights into the mechanisms and extent of genome evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
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McKane W, Lee J, Preston R, van Dam M, Cairns T, Taube D. IgG2 anti-Galalpha1-3Gal does not induce porcine aortic endothelial cell accommodation in vitro. Transplantation 2000; 70:1085-93. [PMID: 11045647 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200010150-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenografts that have been protected from hyperacute rejection (HAR) are termed accommodated if they are not then rejected despite the presence of xenoantibody. It has been proposed that IgG may confer resistance to complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), a conventional in vitro marker of accommodation. We hypothesized that noncytotoxic IgG2 anti-Galalpha1-3Gal was responsible for this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS We purified IgG anti-Galalpha1-3Gal from pooled human normal immunoglobulin and three sera, by elution from protein G and Galalpha1-3Gal-R immunoadsorbents. The eluates were IgM free and > or =95% IgG2. They bound to Galalpha1-3Gal, porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) and lymphocytes. It was not possible to block IgM binding to PAEC or lymphocytes using IgG anti-Galalpha1-3Gal (200 microg/ml). The eluates were noncytotoxic in micro-CDC assays. To investigate accommodation, PAEC were cultured with subsaturating doses of the four IgG eluates for up to 144 hr. Resistance of nontrypsinized PAEC to CDC by human serum was measured in a cell viability assay. PAEC were not rendered resistant to CDC in any of the experiments. To investigate the possibility that accommodation might be induced by non-Galalpha1-3Gal IgG, the experiments were repeated using HNIg, again with no protection demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Using primary PAEC monolayers, we were unable to induce resistance to CDC with human normal immunoglobulin and its IgG2 anti-Gabeta1-3Gal subset. This contradicts previous experiments using trypsinized, immortalized cells. Although resistance to CDC is not an ideal marker of accommodation, the detrimental effects of IgG make it unlikely that it will become a useful clinical means of inducing accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W McKane
- The Brent Laboratory, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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44
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Markowski VP, Cox C, Preston R, Weiss B. Effects of age and gender but not prenatal cocaine on random ratio and delayed spatial alternation responding in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000; 22:421-8. [PMID: 10840186 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This investigation employed a longitudinal analysis of rat operant behavior under two different schedules of reinforcement following prenatal exposure to cocaine. Offspring were derived from four maternal exposure groups: 50 mg/kg cocaine, their pair-fed controls, 25 mg/kg cocaine, and freely fed controls. Cocaine was administered via gavage from gestation day 6-20. A maternal fostering procedure was used. Pairs of male and female littermates were assigned to a 7-, 14-, or 21-month cohort and at the appropriate age were trained to respond on one lever in a two-lever operant chamber. Reinforcement was delivered with a series of random ratio (RR) schedules where the RR value was increased across sessions. After RR training, animals were examined with a delayed spatial alternation (DSA) procedure in the same chambers. Male offspring responded at higher rates than females during high-probability RR schedules, whereas advancing age was associated with lower response rates during low-probability RR schedules in both males and females. Prenatal cocaine exposure exerted only limited effects on RR responding during transition and did not affect DSA behavior. The results of this longitudinal analysis suggest that prenatal cocaine does not exert global or far-reaching learning deficits in prenatally exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, Salem State College, 01970, Salem, MA, USA.
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45
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Matras J, Preston R, Bartle S. Influence of continuous intravenous lysine
and methionine infusion on N balance in growing
sheep fed diets that differ in ruminal degradable
protein. J Anim Feed Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/68031/2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Robinson S, Preston R, Smith M, Millar C. PVDF reference hydrophone development in the UK-from fabrication and lamination to use as secondary standards. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2000; 47:1336-1344. [PMID: 18238679 DOI: 10.1109/58.883522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the last 30 yrs, PVDF has been used extensively as a sensor material. Over this period, the GEC-Marconi Research Centre has developed a wide range of devices based on PVDF as a piezoelectric transducer material. The ability to create laminated structures has led to an enhancement in performance and has allowed innovative designs to be realized. This paper describes the development of the laminated PVDF structure and its benefits, such as increased sensitivity and improved signal to noise ratio. Examples of devices utilizing the lamination process are given in the form of both a bilaminar-shielded membrane hydrophone and a PVDF sonar hydrophone. Performance properties of both types of hydrophones are presented along with a discussion of their use as secondary standard hydrophones at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Robinson
- Centre for Mech. and Acoustical Metrology, Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington, UK
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47
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Mayer K, Schüller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Müller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kötter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blöcker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Löhnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mündlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 1999; 402:769-77. [PMID: 10617198 DOI: 10.1038/47134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mayer
- GSF-Forschungszentrum f. Umwelt u. Gesundheit, Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences am Max-Planck-Institut f. Biochemie, Germany
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Preston R. What new things are going to kill me? Time 1999; 154:86-7. [PMID: 10661928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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49
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Phillips RH, Carr RA, Preston R, Pereira SP, Wilkinson ML, O'Donnell PJ, Thompson RP. Sclerosing mesenteritis involving the pancreas: two cases of a rare cause of abdominal mass mimicking malignancy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11:1323-9. [PMID: 10563549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Two patients presented with abdominal pain and weight loss and each was found to have an abdominal mass involving the pancreas and small bowel mesentery. In both cases a malignant process was suspected clinically, radiologically and surgically. Multiple biopsy specimens in both patients showed dense fibrosis, chronic inflammation and fat necrosis with pancreatic infiltration. Histological opinions included the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis but, with the knowledge of the presence of localized masses, these cases were eventually considered to be due to sclerosing mesenteritis. Direct involvement of the pancreas has not previously been highlighted and led to diagnostic difficulty. Both patients have responded to treatment with corticosteroids. Interestingly, one of the patients subsequently developed a tubulo-interstitial nephritis, which has not previously been reported as associated with sclerosing mesenteritis. This has also responded to corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Phillips
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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50
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McKane W, Lee J, Preston R, Hacking A, Simpson P, Lynds S, Goldberg L, Cairns T, Taube D. Polymorphism in the human anti-pig natural antibody repertoire: implications for antigen-specific immunoadsorption. Transplantation 1998; 66:626-33. [PMID: 9753344 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199809150-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-Galalpha1-3Gal antibodies cause hyperacute rejection (HAR) in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Long-term graft survival has not been achieved despite abrogation of HAR using transgenic pigs. IgG and IgM anti-Galalpha1-3Gal also play a role in the events following abrogation of HAR. Characterizing these antibodies and developing a system for their removal is therefore crucial to future success in xenotransplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS We have developed a neoglycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to probe the precise antigenic requirements for the binding of anti-Galalpha1-3Gal and have analyzed 77 normal sera. Sixty-six percent of individuals have IgG that recognizes the Galalpha1-3Gal di-, tri-, and pentasaccharides (D, T, and P, respectively), termed DTP phenotype. The frequency of other phenotypes was - -P, 13%; -TP, 12%; D-P, 8%; and DT-, 1%. The IgG subclasses found were IgG2 (95%), IgG3 (34%), IgG1 (31%), and IgG4 (17%). IgM in 91% of individuals recognized all three antigens. Further antibody heterogeneity was demonstrated when immunoadsorbents derived from Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc (PENTA) were tested. Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4Glc (TRI 6) or PENTA agarose were effective for IgG removal in all individuals. For IgM removal, two deoxy derivatives were completely successful in 73% of individuals. Combining the Galalpha1-3Gal (DI) and TRI 6 agarose produced an adsorbent that completely removed anti-Galalpha1-3Gal IgG and IgM in all individuals tested. CONCLUSIONS Although the polymorphism in the anti-Galalpha1-3Gal repertoire, which we have demonstrated, represents a major obstacle to the development of an effective immunoadsorbent, the combination of DI and TRI 6 agarose appears sufficient for pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W McKane
- The Brent Laboratory, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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