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Frueh L, Collins AB, Newman R, Barnett NP, Rich JD, Clark MA, Marshall BDL, Macmadu A. Multi-level influences on increased overdose risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Rhode Island: a qualitative investigation. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:14. [PMID: 36739417 PMCID: PMC9898862 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected structurally vulnerable populations including people who use drugs (PWUD). Increased overdose risk behaviors among PWUD during the pandemic have been documented, with research underscoring the role of influencing factors such as isolation and job loss in these behaviors. Here, we use qualitative methods to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic-related response measures on drug use behaviors in a sample of PWUD in Rhode Island. Using a social-ecological framework, we highlight the nested, interactive levels of the pandemic's influence on increased overdose risk behaviors. METHODS From July to October 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 PWUD who self-reported any increase in behaviors associated with overdose risk (e.g., increased use, change in drug type and/or more solitary drug use) relative to before the pandemic. Thematic analysis was conducted using a codebook with salient themes identified from interview guides and those that emerged through close reading of transcribed interviews. Guided by a social-ecological framework, themes were grouped into individual, network, institutional, and policy-level influences of the pandemic on drug use behaviors. RESULTS Individual-level influences on increased overdose risk behaviors included self-reported anxiety and depression, isolation and loneliness, and boredom. Network-level influences included changes in local drug supply and changes in social network composition specific to housing. At the institutional level, drug use patterns were influenced by reduced access to harm reduction or treatment services. At the policy level, increased overdose risk behaviors were related to financial changes, job loss, and business closures. All participants identified factors influencing overdose risk behaviors that corresponded to several nested social-ecological levels. CONCLUSIONS Participants identified multi-level influences of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic-related response measures on their drug use behavior patterns and overdose risk. These findings suggest that effective harm reduction during large-scale crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, must address several levels of influence concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Frueh
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Alexandra B. Collins
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Roxxanne Newman
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Nancy P. Barnett
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI USA
| | - Josiah D. Rich
- grid.240267.50000 0004 0443 5079The Center for Health + Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, 1125 North Main Street, Providence, RI USA
| | - Melissa A. Clark
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI USA
| | - Brandon D. L. Marshall
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexandria Macmadu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Macmadu A, Yolken A, Frueh L, Toussaint JR, Newman R, Jacka BP, Collins AB, Marshall BDL. Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:116. [PMID: 36258209 PMCID: PMC9578237 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. Methods We analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher’s exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. Results Among the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being ‘combative.’ Conclusions Considering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12954-022-00698-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Macmadu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | | | - Lisa Frueh
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jai'el R Toussaint
- Department of Africana Studies, Brown University Churchill House, 155 Angell Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Roxxanne Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Brendan P Jacka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alexandra B Collins
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Macmadu A, Frueh L, Collins AB, Newman R, Barnett NP, Rich JD, Clark MA, Marshall BDL. Drug use behaviors, trauma, and emotional affect following the overdose of a social network member: A qualitative investigation. Int J Drug Policy 2022; 107:103792. [PMID: 35816791 PMCID: PMC9462427 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scant research has examined the influence of overdoses occurring in social networks (i.e., knowing someone who has overdosed) on individual overdose risk. We sought to characterize drug use behaviors of individuals following the overdose of someone in their social network. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 people who use drugs and knew someone who overdosed in the prior 90 days. All interviews were conducted in person in Rhode Island from July to October 2021. Data were stratified by drug use behaviors following the overdose of a network member (i.e., risk behaviors, protective behaviors, no change; selected a priori) and analyzed using a thematic analysis variation to identify salient themes. RESULTS We identified variation in the effect of knowing someone who overdosed on subsequent drug use behaviors and emotional affect. Several participants described increasing their drug use or using more types of drugs than usual to manage feelings of bereavement and trauma, and a subset of these participants described increased drug use with suicidal intention and increased suicidal ideations following the overdose event. Other participants described reducing their drug use and engaging in protective behaviors in response to heightened perceived overdose risk, protection motivation (i.e., increased motivation to protect oneself), and concern for others. Additionally, some participants reported no change in drug use behaviors, and these participants described already engaging in harm reduction practices, feeling desensitized due to frequent or repeated exposure to overdose, and ambivalence about living. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a need for enhanced investment in network-based overdose prevention interventions, as well as more robust integration of bereavement support and mental health services in settings that serve people who use drugs. The findings also suggest a need for future research to identify mediators of the effect of overdose occurring in social networks on individual overdose risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Macmadu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra B Collins
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Roxxanne Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Josiah D Rich
- The Center for Health + Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, 1125 North Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA.
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Flam-Ross JM, Lown J, Patil P, White LF, Wang J, Perry A, Bailer D, McKenzie M, Thigpen A, Newman R, Lincoln M, Mckinney T, Bernson D, Barocas JA. Factors associated with opioid-involved overdose among previously incarcerated people in the U.S.: A community engaged narrative review. Int J Drug Policy 2022; 100:103534. [PMID: 34896932 PMCID: PMC8810696 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with a history of incarceration are at high risk for opioid overdose. A variety of factors contribute to this elevated risk though our understanding of these factors is deficient. Research to identify risk and protective factors for overdose is often conducted using administrative data or researcher-derived surveys and without explicit input from people with lived experience. We aimed to understand the scope of U.S. research on factors associated with opioid overdose among previously incarcerated people. We did this by conducting a narrative review of the literature and convening expert panels of people with lived experience. We then categorized these factors using a social determinants of health framework to help contextualize our findings. METHODS We first conducted a narrative review of the published literature. A search was performed using PubMed and APA PsycInfo. We then convened two expert panels consisting of people with lived experience and people who work with people who were previously incarcerated. Experts were asked to evaluate the literature derived factors for completeness and add factors that were not identified. Finally, we categorized factors as either intermediary or structural according to the World Health Organization's Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Framework. RESULTS We identified 13 papers that met our inclusion criteria for the narrative review. Within these 13 papers, we identified 22 relevant factors for their role in the relationship between overdose and people with a history of incarceration, 16 were risk factors and six were protective factors. Five of these were structural factors (three risk and two protective) and 17 were intermediary factors (13 risk and four protective). The expert panels identified 21 additional factors, 10 of which were structural (six risk and four protective) and 11 of which were intermediary (eight risk and three protective). CONCLUSION This narrative review along with expert panels demonstrates a gap in the published literature regarding factors associated with overdose among people who were previously incarcerated. Additionally, this review highlights a substantial gap with regard to the types of factors that are typically identified. Incorporating voices of people with lived experience is crucial to our understanding of overdose in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josh Lown
- Boston College School of Social Work (BCSSW)
| | - Prasad Patil
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Laura F. White
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Jianing Wang
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meko Lincoln
- Rhode Island Hospital COBRE on Opioids and Overdose
| | | | | | - Joshua A. Barocas
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases,Corresponding author: Joshua A. Barocas, MD, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 8th Floor, Academic Office 1, Mailstop B180, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, +1-314-348-3278,
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Newman R, Jagannadha Sastry K. Antiviral effects of oleandrin. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12469. [PMID: 34142105 PMCID: PMC8188805 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA.,Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc San Antonio Texas USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Departments of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Veterinary Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
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Newman R, LM P, LR G, Chow L, Lambrechts N, Dow S. Toxicities of Different Concentrations of Commonly Used Antibiotics on Canine Chondrocyte and Synovial Cell Cultures. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Pezzanite LM
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Goodrich LR
- Clinical Sciences, Equine Orthopedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - L Chow
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - N Lambrechts
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - S Dow
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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Tselikova A, Sharma C, Newman R. Benchtop to bioreactor: T-cell culture and expansion in chemically defined media. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Newman M, Newman R, Hughes T, Vadher K, Barker KL. Is the timed loaded standing test a valid measure of back muscle endurance in people with vertebral osteoporosis? Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:893-905. [PMID: 29322223 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Timed loaded standing (TLS) is a suggested measure of back muscle endurance for people with vertebral osteoporosis. Surface electromyography revealed back muscles work harder and fatigue during TLS. The test end-point and total time were associated with back fatigue. The findings help demonstrate the concurrent validity of the TLS test. INTRODUCTION The TLS test is suggested as a measure of back muscle endurance for patients with vertebral osteoporosis. However, to date, no study has demonstrated that TLS does measure back extensor or erector spinae (ES) muscle endurance. We used surface electromyography (sEMG) to investigate the performance of the thoracic ES muscles during TLS. METHODS Thirty-six people with vertebral osteoporosis with a mean age of 71.6 (range 45-86) years participated. sEMG recordings were made of the ES at T3 and T12 bilaterally during quiet standing (QS) and TLS. The relative (%) change in sEMG amplitude between conditions was compared. Fatigue was evaluated by analysing the change in median frequency (MF) of the sEMG signal during TLS, and the correlation between maximal TLS time and rate of MF decline was examined. RESULTS Activity in the ES increased significantly during TLS at all electrode locations. During TLS, the MF declined at a mean rate of -24.2% per minute (95% C.I. -26.5 to -21.9%). The MF slope and test time were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.71), and at test end, the final MF dropped to an average 89% (95% C.I. 85 to 93%) of initial MF. Twenty-eight participants (78%) reported fatigue was the main reason for stopping, and for eight (22%), it was pain. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that TLS challenges the ES muscles in the thoracic region and results in ES fatigue. Endurance time and the point at which the TLS test ends are strongly related to ES fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Newman
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK.
| | - R Newman
- Mind Foundry Ltd, Eagle House, Walton Well Rd, Oxford, OX2 6ED, UK
| | - T Hughes
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - K Vadher
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - K L Barker
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Rd, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
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Bauer A, Nimmo J, Newman R, Brunner M, Welle MM, Jagannathan V, Leeb T. A splice site variant in the SUV39H2 gene in Greyhounds with nasal parakeratosis. Anim Genet 2018; 49:137-140. [PMID: 29423952 DOI: 10.1111/age.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary nasal parakeratosis (HNPK), described in the Labrador Retriever breed, is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder that causes crusts and fissures on the nasal planum of otherwise healthy dogs. Our group previously showed that this genodermatosis may be caused by a missense variant located in the SUV39H2 gene encoding a histone 3 lysine 9 methyltransferase, a chromatin modifying enzyme with a potential role in keratinocyte differentiation. In the present study, we investigated a litter of Greyhounds in which six out of eight puppies were affected with parakeratotic lesions restricted to the nasal planum. Clinically and histologically, the lesions were comparable to HNPK in Labrador Retrievers. Whole genome sequencing of one affected Greyhound revealed a 4-bp deletion at the 5'-end of intron 4 of the SUV39H2 gene that was absent in 188 control dog and three wolf genomes. The variant was predicted to disrupt the 5'-splice site with subsequent loss of SUV39H2 function. The six affected puppies were homozygous for the variant, whereas the two non-affected littermates were heterozygous. Genotyping of a larger cohort of Greyhounds revealed that the variant is segregating in the breed and that this breed might benefit from genetic testing to avoid carrier × carrier matings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bauer
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Nimmo
- ASAP Laboratory, Mulgrave, Vic., 3170, Australia
| | - R Newman
- Mobile Vet Services and Supplies, Warwick, Qld, 4370, Australia
| | - M Brunner
- DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M M Welle
- DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
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Fourie H, Slabbert J, Belov O, Newman R, Panina M, Rossouw N. O43. Estimating the effectiveness of high LET radiations to induce damage to DNA in human lymphocytes and modelling the repair thereof. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Thompson J, Beech J, Allen D, Gilchrist S, Newman R, Kinchesch P, Gomes A, D'Costa Z, Bird L, Vallis K, Boghozian R, Kavanagh A, Sansom O, Tullis I, Muschel R, Hill M, Vojnovic B, Smart S, Fokas E. OC-0529: A MR-based IGRT platform using the KPC transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thompson DJ, Wheatley BJ, Church JS, Newman R, Walker J. Comparing grazing and resting electivity of beef cattle for BC bunchgrass communities using GPS collars. Can J Anim Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thompson, D., Wheatley, B. J., Church, J. S., Newman, R. and Walker, J. 2015. Comparing grazing and resting electivity of beef cattle for BC bunchgrass communities using GPS collars. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 499–507. Grasslands in the interior of British Columbia often contain a mosaic of plant communities that provide variable habitat for free-ranging cattle. Global positioning system (GPS) collars have been used to study natural habitat use by cattle on a coarse scale (such as riparian, grassland and forested habitats), but not on a fine scale (such as choice among grassland plant communities). Cows equipped with GPS collars were tracked during the spring grazing period for 4 yr. Six grassland pastures were used as replicates. The activity (grazing or resting) of cattle at GPS locations was classified using a distance travelled algorithm. A detailed plant community map of five plant community types was constructed, and cow relative use within the plant communities was determined. Electivity, which scales for differences in community area, was used to compare the use of plant communities. While grazing, electivity for the Kentucky bluegrass community (mean +0.3) was greater than for the bluebunch wheatgrass community (mean −0.2). While resting, these differences were more pronounced. GPS collars can be used to estimate fine-scale choices among grassland communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Thompson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - B. J. Wheatley
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Grassland Applied Technology Centre, 3015 Ord Road, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada V2B 8A9
| | - J. S. Church
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada V2C 0C8
| | - R. Newman
- Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, 441 Columbia St., Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada V2C 2T3
| | - J. Walker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Abstract
Sequence-specific RNA binding proteins (RBP) are important regulators of the immune response. RBP modulate gene expression by regulating splicing, polyadenylation, localization, translation and decay of target mRNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that RBP play critical roles in the development, activation and function of lymphocyte populations in the immune system. This review will discuss the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by RBP during lymphocyte development, with particular focus on the Tristetraprolin family of RBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - J McHugh
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Turner
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Newman R. Cognitive behavioural therapy best prevents postpartum depression. BJOG 2014; 121:1311-1311. [PMID: 24835783 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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15
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Riis S, Newman R, Kuninger D, Boucher S, Vermuri M, Zachar V, Fink T. Investigation of ASC-mediated wound healing in in vitro skin injury models. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The involvement of psychology and psychologists in primary health care is based upon patient care needs which suggest that upward of 60% of all visits to primary care physicians' offices are psychological in nature. Psychologists have a strong tradition of providing primary health care to medically ill patients and as long-term members of the health care team. The wide array of cost-effective patient care services provided by psychologists is discussed. Present APA initiatives in primary health care are presented, along with descriptions of the manuscripts in this special issue of theJournal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings focusing on primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- American Psychological Association, USA
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Unal ER, Lynn T, Neidich J, Salazar D, Goetzl L, Baatz JE, Hulsey TC, Van Dolah R, Guillette LJ, Newman R. Racial disparity in maternal and fetal-cord bisphenol A concentrations. J Perinatol 2012; 32:844-50. [PMID: 22402483 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if racial disparities exist in maternal and fetal cord serum concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA). STUDY DESIGN A nested cross-sectional study was performed from a cohort of 600 term nulliparas. In 27 patients (8 Caucasian, 8 African-American and 11 Hispanic), term pre-labor maternal serum and corresponding fetal-cord serum were analyzed for BPA. result: African-Americans had the highest maternal serum concentrations, 10-fold higher than Caucasians (30.13 vs 3.14 ng ml(-1); P=0.038). Hispanics had intermediate concentrations with a trend towards higher concentrations compared with Caucasians (24.46 vs 3.14 ng ml(-1); P=0.051). Overall concentrations were 10-fold higher in maternal samples than fetal samples (14.1 vs 1.3 ng ml(-1); P=0.001). Hispanics had higher fetal concentrations than non-Hispanics (2.05 vs 0.35 ng ml(-1); P=0.025). CONCLUSION We found significant racial/ethnic differences in maternal/fetal BPA concentrations. Further study is needed to determine if these differences reflect disparities in exposure, metabolism or placental transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Unal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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19
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Henary HA, Kurzrock R, Falchook GS, Naing A, Moulder SL, Wheler JJ, Tsimberidou AM, Durand J, Yang P, Johansen MJ, Newman R, Khan R, Patel U, Hong DS. Final results of a first-in-human phase I trial of PBI-05204, an inhibitor of AKT, FGF-2, NF-Kb, and p70S6K in advanced cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Magaloni D, Newman R, Balos L, Castano V, Pancella R, Fruh Y. An Analysis of Mayan Painting Techniques at Bonampak, Chiapas, Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-352-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Velankar S, Best C, Beuth B, Boutselakis CH, Cobley N, Sousa Da Silva AW, Dimitropoulos D, Golovin A, Hirshberg M, John M, Krissinel EB, Newman R, Oldfield T, Pajon A, Penkett CJ, Pineda-Castillo J, Sahni G, Sen S, Slowley R, Suarez-Uruena A, Swaminathan J, van Ginkel G, Vranken WF, Henrick K, Kleywegt GJ. PDBe: Protein Data Bank in Europe. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:D308-17. [PMID: 19858099 PMCID: PMC2808887 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/) is actively working with its Worldwide Protein Data Bank partners to enhance the quality and consistency of the international archive of bio-macromolecular structure data, the Protein Data Bank (PDB). PDBe also works closely with its collaborators at the European Bioinformatics Institute and the scientific community around the world to enhance its databases and services by adding curated and actively maintained derived data to the existing structural data in the PDB. We have developed a new database infrastructure based on the remediated PDB archive data and a specially designed database for storing information on interactions between proteins and bound molecules. The group has developed new services that allow users to carry out simple textual queries or more complex 3D structure-based queries. The newly designed 'PDBeView Atlas pages' provide an overview of an individual PDB entry in a user-friendly layout and serve as a starting point to further explore the information available in the PDBe database. PDBe's active involvement with the X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and cryo-Electron Microscopy communities have resulted in improved tools for structure deposition and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Velankar
- Protein Databank in Europe, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
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22
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Maher J, Johnson AC, Newman R, Mendez S, Hoffmann TJ, Foreman R, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Effect of spinal cord stimulation in a rodent model of post-operative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:672-7, e33-4. [PMID: 19175749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Post-operative ileus (POI) is a transient impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) transit that develops after abdominal surgery. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on gastric emptying and upper GI transit in a rat model of POI. All rats had an electrode placed on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord between the T(5) and T(8) segments. After recovery, gastric emptying and upper GI transit (geometric centre and head of meal) were assessed using a radiolabelled meal fed to each rat via oral gavage. In unanaesthetized rats, SCS (15, 25, 50, 100, 200 Hz, 0.2 ms at 90% motor threshold for 15 min) was performed immediately after the meal. The sham control group had no current applied. The naïve group was without POI or SCS. Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in sham-stimulated rats with POI compared with naïve controls (39.8 +/- 6.2%vs 76.5 +/- 4.9%, P < 0.001). In rats with POI that underwent SCS, there was a significant acceleration of gastric emptying to levels that resembled those of naïve controls (65.1 +/- 7.4%, P < 0.05). However, while SCS did not normalize the geometric centre and head of the meal when compared with the naïve group, it did significantly improve both parameters compared with the sham stimulation group. In summary, SCS normalizes gastric emptying and improves upper GI transit in a rodent model of POI. Further experiments are required to address the mechanism(s) by which SCS exhibits prokinetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maher
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
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23
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Scatchard J, Addley N, Knight T, Newman R. Evaluation of ethanol interaction potential using preclinical models of rodent behaviour and motor coordination. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Greaves M, Robinson J, Delia D, Sutherland R, Newman R, Sieff C. Mapping cell surface antigen expression of haemopoietic progenitor cells using monoclonal antibodies. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 84:109-29. [PMID: 6168448 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720660.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A library of monoclonal antibodies which show selective reactivity with particular cells or gene products (e.g. HLA-DR, glycophorin) of different cell lineages in the haemopoietic system has been compiled. Using these probes in conjunction with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) the pattern and sequence of cell surface antigenic expression on haemopoietic progenitor cells have been mapped. A cell is identified in bone marrow which has a unique membrane phenotype and the nuclear enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Its composite phenotype is identical to that seen in the common variant of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). It is suggested that this cell is a putative B lineage progenitor which provides the major target for ALL. Detailed analysis of erythroid differentiation with monoclonal antibodies on the FACS reveals an intriguing pattern of antigenic expression in which HLA-DR, glycophorin and band III appear in sequence. HLA-DR (Ia-like antigen) may be present on all or most committed haemopoietic progenitor cells and could play an important role in cell interactions regulating early haemopoiesis.
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25
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Chintala L, Kurzrock R, Fu S, Naing A, Wheler JJ, Moulder SL, Newman R, Gagel R, Sebti S, Wright JJ, Hong DS. Phase I study of tipifarnib and sorafenib in patients with biopsiable advanced cancer (NCI protocol 7156). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
The growth of animal cells in culture can be stimulated very powerfully when they are allowed to extend upon a solid surface. In normal fibroblasts, the maximum is reached either on a plane surface with an area of 2500 micron 2 or on a narrow fibre with a length of 250 micron. This growth-stimulating effect of fibres could help to explain how asbestos causes cancer. All asbestiform minerals are complex mixtures of different lengths, but siliceous macrohairs with a uniform length are borne by several species of the grass genus Phalaris. Some of these species are common contaminants of the bread eaten in a part of Iran where oesophageal cancer has an unexplained high incidence. A pure preparation of 200 micron silica fibres from one of these species is a powerful promoter of cancer in the skin of mice. Similar fibres from millet (Seteria italica) are associated with the same disease in China, and plant silica has long been known to be associated the it in South Africa. In addition, a rare thoracic tumour, which normally only occurs after exposure to asbestos, has been detected among sugarcane farmers in the United States and in India; fine silica fibres are liberated into the air during the harvest.
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27
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Dani M, Vojnovic B, Newman R, Honess D, Wilson I, Mitchell I, Glynne-Jones R. Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) specific antibody reduces interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in human rectal cancer xenograft (HT29) by day 5: Is this evidence for rescheduling its timing relative to chemotherapy? J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4043 Background: Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) of most solid tumours is increased relative to normal tissues; this is thought to be associated with the development of structurally and functionally abnormal blood and lymphatic vessels and interstitial fibrosis. Such interstitial hypertension creates a barrier for tumour transvascular transport, consequently compromising the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapy. We investigated the effect of Bevacizumab on IFP of a human rectal cancer xenograft. Methods: SCID mice bearing subcutaneous HT29 tumours of =8.5 mm diameter received a single dose of 10 mg/kg Bevacizumab intraperitoneally; controls received saline. Tumour IFP was measured in sedated mice (Hypnorm) on days 1, 3 and 5 post injection, using the wick-in-needle technique. Experiments were conducted under Home Office licence and approved by the local ethical committee. Results: Groups of 8 treated and control tumours were examined on days 1, 3 and 5 (n = 48). IFP was significantly lower (p<0.0001) on day 5 in treated than control tumours (mean ± SD 15.1 ± 4.7 cf 36.9 ± 5.6 mm Hg). No significant differences (p>0.05) between treated and control groups were seen on day 1 (31.8 ± 3.5 cf 30.6 ± 3.1 mm Hg) or day 3 (33.4 ± 5.5 cf 31.5 ± 3.2 mm Hg). No data were acquired on day 7 as the tumours ulcerated. Conclusions: Our data show that Bevacizumab causes a significant reduction of tumour IFP, but not until 5 days after treatment. Reduced IFP could augment uptake of cytotoxic drugs into tumour cells, hence timing of Bevacizumab relative to the first dose of chemotherapy could be of critical importance. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dani
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. Vojnovic
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Newman
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - D. Honess
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - I. Wilson
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - I. Mitchell
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Glynne-Jones
- Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood, United Kingdom; Barnet Ganeral Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Tagari M, Tate J, Swaminathan GJ, Newman R, Naim A, Vranken W, Kapopoulou A, Hussain A, Fillon J, Henrick K, Velankar S. E-MSD: improving data deposition and structure quality. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:D287-90. [PMID: 16381867 PMCID: PMC1347525 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkj163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Macromolecular Structure Database (MSD) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/msd/) [H. Boutselakis, D. Dimitropoulos, J. Fillon, A. Golovin, K. Henrick, A. Hussain, J. Ionides, M. John, P. A. Keller, E. Krissinel et al. (2003) E-MSD: the European Bioinformatics Institute Macromolecular Structure Database. Nucleic Acids Res., 31, 458-462.] group is one of the three partners in the worldwide Protein DataBank (wwPDB), the consortium entrusted with the collation, maintenance and distribution of the global repository of macromolecular structure data [H. Berman, K. Henrick and H. Nakamura (2003) Announcing the worldwide Protein Data Bank. Nature Struct. Biol., 10, 980.]. Since its inception, the MSD group has worked with partners around the world to improve the quality of PDB data, through a clean up programme that addresses inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the legacy archive. The improvements in data quality in the legacy archive have been achieved largely through the creation of a unified data archive, in the form of a relational database that stores all of the data in the wwPDB. The three partners are working towards improving the tools and methods for the deposition of new data by the community at large. The implementation of the MSD database, together with the parallel development of improved tools and methodologies for data harvesting, validation and archival, has lead to significant improvements in the quality of data that enters the archive. Through this and related projects in the NMR and EM realms the MSD continues to improve the quality of publicly available structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Velankar
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1223 494 646; Fax: +44 1223 494 468;
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29
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Henrick K, Valenkar S, Boutselakis H, Hussain A, Ionides J, Kapopoulou A, Keller P, Newman R, Pineda J, Suarez A, Swaminathan J, Tate J. mmCIF and dictionary driven software with the MSD database production pipeline. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Newman R, Cuan N, Hampartzoumian T, Connor SJ, Lloyd AR, Grimm MC. Vasoactive intestinal peptide impairs leucocyte migration but fails to modify experimental murine colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:411-20. [PMID: 15730386 PMCID: PMC1809308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with known anti-inflammatory activity. We have demonstrated previously that administration of VIP inhibits leucocyte migration in a murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity, and anti-inflammatory efficacy is supported by other studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the VIP effects in a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by a 2.5 mg enema of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) and the mice were killed on day 7. Mice were administered either a 3-day (therapeutic) or 7-day (prophylactic) constant infusion of VIP by subcutaneously implanted mini-osmotic pumps, or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VIP on alternate days over 7 days. Clinical disease scores, weight changes, histopathology of colon tissues, plasma VIP levels, cytokine levels and chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. After administration of TNBS, mice quickly developed severe colitis accompanied by dramatic body weight loss (20% by day 6) and high mortality (30%). Prophylactic treatment using high-dose VIP abrogated leucocyte chemotaxis; however, it failed to ameliorate the weight loss and mortality. Moreover, VIP delivered either by constant infusion or i.p. failed to modify the clinical, histological or cytokine markers of disease. Our studies show that, despite an ability to inhibit chemokine-induced chemotaxis of mononuclear cells, VIP was unable to modulate TNBS-induced colitis. This contrasts with the efficacy of VIP in models of mild inflammatory disease and suggests that VIP is unlikely to provide a useful model for novel anti-IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
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31
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Connor SJ, Paraskevopoulos N, Newman R, Cuan N, Hampartzoumian T, Lloyd AR, Grimm MC. CCR2 expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes are preferentially recruited to the ileum in Crohn's disease. Gut 2004; 53:1287-94. [PMID: 15306587 PMCID: PMC1774196 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.028225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chemokine receptors are key determinants of leucocyte trafficking. While the chemokine receptor CCR9 and its chemokine ligand CCL25 (TECK) mediate lymphocyte homing to the healthy small intestine, the chemokine receptors important for recruitment during intestinal inflammation are undefined. Animal studies have suggested potential roles for CCR2 and CCR5 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to understand the role of CCR2 in human IBD. METHODS Resections of ileum or colon were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD; n = 10), Crohn's colitis (n = 5), ulcerative colitis (n = 6), and non-IBD related conditions (control ileum n = 11; control colon n = 11). Expression of CCR2 by lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) was determined by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. As a functional correlate, chemotaxis assays using the CCR2 ligand, CCL2 (MCP-1), were performed. Expression of CCR2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS There were greater than 30-fold more CCR2(+) LPLs in SBCD than in control ileum (29.3% (19.9-55.1) v 0.9% (0.4-11.5); p = 0.0007). Specifically, CCR2(+)CD4(+) LPLs were increased (p = 0.002) whereas CCR2(+)CD8(+) LPLs were not. Increased expression included both memory (CD45RO(+); p = 0.005) and naïve (CD45RO(-); p = 0.01) CCR2(+) populations. The increase in CCR2(+) LPLs in SBCD was confirmed by both immunohistochemistry (p = 0.0002) and enhanced chemotactic responses to CCL2. CCR2 expression was not increased in the peripheral blood of patients with SBCD, suggesting ongoing recruitment of the CCR2(+) population to the ileum. In contrast with SBCD, there was no significant increase in CCR2(+) LPLs in Crohn's colitis or ulcerative colitis samples. CONCLUSIONS The chemokine receptor CCR2 appears to be an important contributor to accumulation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the ileum in small bowel Crohn's disease. Blockade of CCR2 may provide a novel therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Connor
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
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32
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Henrick K, Newman R, Tagari M, Chagoyen M. EMDep: a web-based system for the deposition and validation of high-resolution electron microscopy macromolecular structural information. J Struct Biol 2004; 144:228-37. [PMID: 14643225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and implementation of a Web-based deposition system, EMDep, for macro-molecular volumes determined by electron microscopy and deposited at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) for inclusion in the Electron Microscopy Data Base (EMDB). EMDep is a flexible and portable system (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/msd-srv/emdep/) that allows for the acceptance and validation of data, by an interactive depositor-driven operation. The system takes full advantage of the knowledge and expertise of the experimenters, rather than relying on the database curators, for the complete and accurate description of the structural experiment and its results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Henrick
- EMBL Outstation, The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
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33
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Golovin A, Oldfield TJ, Tate JG, Velankar S, Barton GJ, Boutselakis H, Dimitropoulos D, Fillon J, Hussain A, Ionides JMC, John M, Keller PA, Krissinel E, McNeil P, Naim A, Newman R, Pajon A, Pineda J, Rachedi A, Copeland J, Sitnov A, Sobhany S, Suarez-Uruena A, Swaminathan GJ, Tagari M, Tromm S, Vranken W, Henrick K. E-MSD: an integrated data resource for bioinformatics. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:D211-6. [PMID: 14681397 PMCID: PMC308812 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Macromolecular Structure Database (MSD) group (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/msd/) continues to enhance the quality and consistency of macromolecular structure data in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and to work towards the integration of various bioinformatics data resources. We have implemented a simple form-based interface that allows users to query the MSD directly. The MSD 'atlas pages' show all of the information in the MSD for a particular PDB entry. The group has designed new search interfaces aimed at specific areas of interest, such as the environment of ligands and the secondary structures of proteins. We have also implemented a novel search interface that begins to integrate separate MSD search services in a single graphical tool. We have worked closely with collaborators to build a new visualization tool that can present both structure and sequence data in a unified interface, and this data viewer is now used throughout the MSD services for the visualization and presentation of search results. Examples showcasing the functionality and power of these tools are available from tutorial webpages (http://www. ebi.ac.uk/msd-srv/docs/roadshow_tutorial/).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golovin
- EMBL Outstation, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
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34
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Newman R. Crystallization and structure analysis of membrane proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 56:365-87. [PMID: 8781253 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-259-0:365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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35
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Barba CA, Butensky MS, Lorenzo M, Newman R. Endoscopic dilation of gastroesophageal anastomosis stricture after gastric bypass. Surg Endosc 2003; 17:416-20. [PMID: 12457221 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2002] [Accepted: 09/05/2002] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of strictures after gastric bypass procedure using balloon dilation is described. METHODS A retrospective review of all dilations performed is presented. Balloon dilators were used, and all strictures were dilated initially up to 12 to 15 mm for 1 min. RESULTS The review included 24 patients with a mean age of 42.8 years and a mean body mass index of 49.6. All the patients except one were women. In terms of procedure, 67% required one dilation and 30% required two. In the first 3 months after surgery, 21 patients developed the stricture. Three patients (13%) had leaks. There was no endoscopic appearance suggesting the need for a repeated procedure. All the dilations were successful, and weight loss compared well with that in the rest of the patients. CONCLUSIONS A successful technique for the treatment of anastomotic strictures after gastric bypass is presented. Most of the patients required one dilation. Most strictures appeared during the first 3 months after surgery. Female gender and leak may be high risk factors for the development of stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Barba
- Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, USA.
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36
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Boutselakis H, Dimitropoulos D, Fillon J, Golovin A, Henrick K, Hussain A, Ionides J, John M, Keller PA, Krissinel E, McNeil P, Naim A, Newman R, Oldfield T, Pineda J, Rachedi A, Copeland J, Sitnov A, Sobhany S, Suarez-Uruena A, Swaminathan J, Tagari M, Tate J, Tromm S, Velankar S, Vranken W. E-MSD: the European Bioinformatics Institute Macromolecular Structure Database. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:458-62. [PMID: 12520052 PMCID: PMC165512 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2002] [Accepted: 10/03/2002] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The E-MSD macromolecular structure relational database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/msd) is designed to be a single access point for protein and nucleic acid structures and related information. The database is derived from Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries. Relational database technologies are used in a comprehensive cleaning procedure to ensure data uniformity across the whole archive. The search database contains an extensive set of derived properties, goodness-of-fit indicators, and links to other EBI databases including InterPro, GO, and SWISS-PROT, together with links to SCOP, CATH, PFAM and PROSITE. A generic search interface is available, coupled with a fast secondary structure domain search tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Boutselakis
- EMBL Outstation, The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
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Margolin K, Longmate J, Synold TW, Gandara DR, Weber J, Gonzalez R, Johansen MJ, Newman R, Baratta T, Doroshow JH. Dolastatin-10 in metastatic melanoma: a phase II and pharmokinetic trial of the California Cancer Consortium. Invest New Drugs 2002; 19:335-40. [PMID: 11561695 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010626230081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dolastatin-10 is a novel pentapeptide agent originally isolated from the marine mollusk Dolabella auricularia with a mechanism of antitumor activity that involves the inhibition of microtubule assembly. We performed a Phase II trial of Dolastatin-10, 400 microg/m2 in patients with advanced melanoma who had received no prior chemotherapy. Dolastatin-10 pharmokinetics were evaluated in a subset of patients following courses 1 and 2. Twelve patients were treated with a median of 2 cycles of Dolastatin-10, and no patient experienced an objective response. The only grade >2 toxicities were grade 3 neutropenia uncomplicated by infection, occurring in 4 patients following the first treatment cycle. The total systemic clearance and volume of distribution at steady-state were 2.61 +/- 1.9 L/h/m2 and 28.4 +/- 13 L/m2, respectively. Due to prolonged terminal elimination. Dolastatin-10 plasma concentrations of greater than 1 nM were sustained for 24 h in all patients studied. Dolastatin-10 is unlikely to have substantial activity in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Margolin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Hediger M, Luke B, Misiunas R, Martin D, O'Sullivan M, Witter F, Mauldin J, Newman R, Hankins G, D'Alton M, Reece E. 84 Fetal growth rates and very preterm birth of twins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(01)80119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zambon M, Hays J, Webster A, Newman R, Keene O. Diagnosis of influenza in the community: relationship of clinical diagnosis to confirmed virological, serologic, or molecular detection of influenza. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:2116-22. [PMID: 11570941 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.17.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful treatment of influenza depends on an accurate diagnosis of the illness and prompt intervention. However, there is a lack of data comparing clinical diagnosis vs laboratory diagnostic techniques. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical diagnosis of community cases of influenza with various laboratory diagnostic techniques including multiplex, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. METHODS Clinical diagnosis, viral isolation, hemagglutinin inhibition serology, and multiplex, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to diagnose influenza in patients enrolled in international phase 3 studies designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of an anti-influenza drug (inhaled zanamivir). Patients clinically diagnosed with influenza were enrolled at centers across North America and Europe. RESULTS A total of 791 (77%) of 1033 patients with laboratory results from all 3 methods were confirmed positive for influenza by 1 or more test results. For 692 patients (67%), the results of all 3 tests agreed. Total symptom scores at baseline showed a significant association toward greater severity of symptoms with an increasing number of positive test results (P<.001). An increasing number of positive test results also showed a significant correlation with a longer time to alleviation of symptoms of influenza in the placebo group (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS During a time when influenza was known to be circulating and clinical diagnostic criteria were applied, diagnosis of influenza in these trials was accurate in approximately 77% of adults on clinical grounds alone. This highlights the need for primary care physicians to be alerted to circulating influenza and to be aware that presentation with cough and fever provide the most predictive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zambon
- Influenza Unit, Enteric and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Ave, Colindale, London NW9 5HT, England.
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Brams P, Black A, Padlan EA, Hariharan K, Leonard J, Chambers-Slater K, Noelle RJ, Newman R. A humanized anti-human CD154 monoclonal antibody blocks CD154-CD40 mediated human B cell activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:277-94. [PMID: 11360929 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(00)00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Humanized anti-CD154 antibody, IDEC-131, had a slightly, but reproducibly, better binding affinity for CD154 (Kd = 5.6 nM), compared to the parent antibody 24-31 (Kd = 8.5 nM). Otherwise it was indistinguishable from the murine parent antibody in its ability to bind to CD154, block CD154 binding to CD40 and inhibit T cell-dependent B cell differentiation. The latter activity was independent of FcR binding as the Fab'1 fragment of IDEC-131 had an equivalent biological activity to that of the whole antibody. IDEC-131 blocked soluble CD154 from inducing proliferation of purified B cells, and blocked T cell dependent anti-tetanus toxoid specific antibody production by human B cells in vitro. IDEC-131, gamma1, kappa, had strong Fc gammaRI, Fc gammaRII and C1q binding, but was unable to induce complement dependent (CDC) or antibody dependent cell-cytotoxicity (ADCC) of activated peripheral blood T cells, which express relatively low levels of CD154. IDEC-131 antibody inhibited both primary and secondary antibody responses to ovalbumin in cynomolgus monkeys at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In non-immunized animals, treatment with IDEC-131 at 50 mg/kg weekly for 13 weeks induced no change in any of the measured lymphocyte subsets, including B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Similarly, a safety study in chimpanzees showed no discernible safety related issues at 20 mg/kg, including B and T cell subsets. These results show that the humanized anti-CD154 antibody, IDEC-131, has retained the affinity and functional activity of its murine parent antibody, is unlikely to deplete CD154 positive lymphocytes in humans, and is safe and effective in blocking antibody production in monkeys. Based on its safety and efficacy profile, IDEC-131 is being developed for therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brams
- IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Sur C, Wafford KA, Reynolds DS, Hadingham KL, Bromidge F, Macaulay A, Collinson N, O'Meara G, Howell O, Newman R, Myers J, Atack JR, Dawson GR, McKernan RM, Whiting PJ, Rosahl TW. Loss of the major GABA(A) receptor subtype in the brain is not lethal in mice. J Neurosci 2001; 21:3409-18. [PMID: 11331371 PMCID: PMC6762474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha1beta2gamma2 is the most abundant subtype of the GABA(A) receptor and is localized in many regions of the brain. To gain more insight into the role of this receptor subtype in the modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission, we generated mice lacking either the alpha1 or beta2 subunit. In agreement with the reported abundance of this subtype, >50% of total GABA(A) receptors are lost in both alpha1-/- and beta2-/- mice. Surprisingly, homozygotes of both mouse lines are viable, fertile, and show no spontaneous seizures. Initially half of the alpha1-/- mice died prenatally or perinatally, but they exhibited a lower mortality rate in subsequent generations, suggesting some phenotypic drift and adaptive changes. Both adult alpha1-/- and beta2-/- mice demonstrate normal performances on the rotarod, but beta2-/- mice displayed increased locomotor activity. Purkinje cells of the cerebellum primarily express alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors, and in electrophysiological recordings from alpha1-/- mice GABA currents in these neurons are dramatically reduced, and residual currents have a benzodiazepine pharmacology characteristic of alpha2- or alpha3-containing receptors. In contrast, the cerebellar Purkinje neurons from beta2-/- mice have only a relatively small reduction of GABA currents. In beta2-/- mice expression levels of all six alpha subunits are reduced by approximately 50%, suggesting that the beta2 subunit can coassemble with alpha subunits other than just alpha1. Our data confirm that alpha1beta2gamma2 is the major GABA(A) receptor subtype in the murine brain and demonstrate that, surprisingly, the loss of this receptor subtype is not lethal.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoradiography
- Behavior, Animal
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacokinetics
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Cerebellum/physiopathology
- Electrophysiology
- Flumazenil/metabolism
- Flumazenil/pharmacokinetics
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/diagnosis
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/genetics
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/physiopathology
- Gene Expression
- Homozygote
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Motor Activity
- Muscimol/metabolism
- Muscimol/pharmacokinetics
- Protein Subunits
- Purkinje Cells/metabolism
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, GABA-A/deficiency
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sur
- Neuroscience Research Center, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
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Myers MF, Blumenfield M, Newman R, Coleman M, Wentworth GC. How to get help for your troubled patients. Med Econ 2001; 78:87-8, 91-3. [PMID: 11338243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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45
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Gill JK, Wang L, Bretner M, Newman R, Kyprianou N, Hosmane RS. Potent in vitro anticancer activities of ring-expanded ("fat") nucleosides containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]diazepine ring system. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1043-5. [PMID: 11562954 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ring-expanded ("fat") nucleoside, 4,8-diamino-6-imino-6H-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5-e][1,3]diazepine (1) and its 2',3',5'-tri-O-benzoyl derivative (2) exhibited potent broad spectrum anticancer activities in vitro against a wide variety of human tumor cell lines. The tribenzoyl derivative 2 was found to be considerably more active than the parent nucleoside 1. Further studies using human prostate cancer cells PC-3 and DU-145 suggest that the treatment of exponentially growing culture cells with 1 and 2 leads to marked loss of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Gill
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Stones in pelvic kidney collecting systems have not been routinely managed percutaneously in most urologic practices. Especially challenging is the management of stones in a pelvic kidney collecting system positioned posteriorly to a urinary diversion. In the present case, a 32-year-old man with a pelvic kidney and continent urinary diversion presented with fever and hydronephrosis. Drainage of the kidney was obtained percutaneously by way of an anterior approach through-and-through the urinary diversion. The patient was found to have both a ureteral stone and a ureteral-pouch anastomotic stricture on subsequent imaging. We were able to successfully treat both these problems endoscopically through a solitary percutaneous access.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schalow
- Division of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Doyle ML, Brigham-Burke M, Blackburn MN, Brooks IS, Smith TM, Newman R, Reff M, Stafford WF, Sweet RW, Truneh A, Hensley P, O'Shannessy DJ. Measurement of protein interaction bioenergetics: application to structural variants of anti-sCD4 antibody. Methods Enzymol 2001; 323:207-30. [PMID: 10944754 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)23368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter has described a bioenergetic analysis of the interaction of sCD4 with an IgG1 and two IgG4 derivatives of an anti-sCD4 MAb. The MAbs have identical VH and VL domains but differ markedly in their CH and CL domains, raising the question of whether their antigen-binding chemistries are altered. We find the sCD4-binding kinetics and thermodynamics of the MAbs are indistinguishable, which indicates rigorously that the molecular details of the binding interactions are the same. We also showed the importance of using multiple biophysical methods to define the binding model before the bioenergetics can be appropriately interpreted. Analysis of the binding thermodynamics and kinetics suggests conformational changes that might be coupled to sCD4 binding by these MAbs are small or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Doyle
- Department of Structural Biology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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Verschraegen CF, Gilbert BE, Huaringa AJ, Newman R, Harris N, Leyva FJ, Keus L, Campbell K, Nelson-Taylor T, Knight V. Feasibility, phase I, and pharmacological study of aerosolized liposomal 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin in patients with advanced malignancies in the lungs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 922:352-4. [PMID: 11193921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb07063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C F Verschraegen
- Section of Gynecologic Medical Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 401, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Newman R. Medical cost offset: do the numbers add up? Yes. Behav Healthc Tomorrow 2001; 10:15, 35, 37. [PMID: 11216059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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50
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Pfeiffer S, Zorn GL, Azimzadeh AM, Atkinson J, Newman R, Pierson RN. Monotherapy with anti-CD40 ligand antibody (IDEC 131) for non-human primate allograft heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001; 20:250. [PMID: 11250495 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Pfeiffer
- 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; 2IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
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