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Bhattacharjee A, Sahoo OS, Sarkar A, Bhattacharya S, Chowdhury R, Kar S, Mukherjee O. Infiltration to infection: key virulence players of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity. Infection 2024; 52:345-384. [PMID: 38270780 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to comprehensively review the multifaceted factors underlying the successful colonization and infection process of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a prominent Gram-negative pathogen in humans. The focus is on elucidating the functions, mechanisms, genetic regulation, and potential cross-interactions of these elements. METHODS Employing a literature review approach, this study examines the intricate interactions between H. pylori and its host. It delves into virulence factors like VacA, CagA, DupA, Urease, along with phase variable genes, such as babA, babC, hopZ, etc., giving insights about the bacterial perspective of the infection The association of these factors with the infection has also been added in the form of statistical data via Funnel and Forest plots, citing the potential of the virulence and also adding an aspect of geographical biasness to the virulence factors. The biochemical characteristics and clinical relevance of these factors and their effects on host cells are individually examined, both comprehensively and statistically. RESULTS H. pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral bacterium that successfully colonises the stomach of more than half of the world's population, causing peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, MALT lymphoma, and other gastro-duodenal disorders. The clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection are influenced by a complex interplay between virulence factors and phase variable genes produced by the infecting strain and the host genetic background. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of all the major virulence factors has also been appended. CONCLUSION This study illuminates the diverse elements contributing to H. pylori's colonization and infection. The interplay between virulence factors, phase variable genes, and host genetics determines the outcome of the infection. Despite biochemical insights into many factors, their comprehensive regulation remains an understudied area. By offering a panoramic view of these factors and their functions, this study enhances understanding of the bacterium's perspective, i.e. H. pylori's journey from infiltration to successful establishment within the host's stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghyadeep Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
- Department of Microbiology, Kingston College of Science, Beruanpukuria, Barasat, West Bengal, 700219, India
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Ahana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Saurabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, RKM Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Samarjit Kar
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Oindrilla Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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Erchick DJ, Hazel EA, Katz J, Lee ACC, Diaz M, Wu LSF, Yoshida S, Bahl R, Grandi C, Labrique AB, Rashid M, Ahmed S, Roy AD, Haque R, Shaikh S, Baqui AH, Saha SK, Khanam R, Rahman S, Shapiro R, Zash R, Silveira MF, Buffarini R, Kolsteren P, Lachat C, Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Zeng L, Zhu Z, He J, Qiu X, Gebreyesus SH, Tesfamariam K, Bekele D, Chan G, Baye E, Workneh F, Asante KP, Kaali EB, Adu-Afarwuah S, Dewey KG, Gyaase S, Wylie BJ, Kirkwood BR, Manu A, Thulasiraj RD, Tielsch J, Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Babu GR, Shriyan P, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Ashorn U, Mangani C, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Mullany LC, Jehan F, Ilyas M, Rogerson SJ, Unger HW, Ghosh R, Musange S, Ramokolo V, Zembe-Mkabile W, Lazzerini M, Rishard M, Wang D, Fawzi WW, Minja DTR, Schmiegelow C, Masanja H, Smith E, Lusingu JPA, Msemo OA, Kabole FM, Slim SN, Keentupthai P, Mongkolchati A, Kajubi R, Kakuru A, Waiswa P, Walker D, Hamer DH, Semrau KEA, Chaponda EB, Chico RM, Banda B, Musokotwane K, Manasyan A, Pry JM, Chasekwa B, Humphrey J, Black RE. Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000-2021. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37156239 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541 285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021. DESIGN Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis. SETTING Subnational, population-based birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000-2021. POPULATION Liveborn infants. METHODS Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], nonLBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and prevalence of newborn types by region and study. RESULTS Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missing and plausible values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW (58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW (14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%), PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-Saharan Africa (34.9%). CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E A Hazel
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A C C Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Diaz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L S F Wu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Grandi
- Argentine Society of Paediatrics, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Rashid
- IntraHealth International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Ahmed
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A D Roy
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Haque
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - S Shaikh
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - A H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Shapiro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Zash
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M F Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R Buffarini
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - P Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Huybregts
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Roberfroid
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S H Gebreyesus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Baye
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Workneh
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K P Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - E B Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - S Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - K G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - S Gyaase
- Department of Statistics, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - B J Wylie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - B R Kirkwood
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Manu
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - J Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - S Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - G R Babu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Shriyan
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Maleta
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - C Mangani
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - S Acevedo-Gallegos
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M J Rodriguez-Sibaja
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ilyas
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H W Unger
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - R Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Musange
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - V Ramokolo
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Zembe-Mkabile
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- College Graduate of Studies, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Lazzerini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Rishard
- University Obstetrics Unit, De Soysa Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - D Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - W W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - C Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Masanja
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E Smith
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - O A Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - F M Kabole
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - S N Slim
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - P Keentupthai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - A Mongkolchati
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - R Kajubi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Waiswa
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Walker
- Institute for Global Health Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K E A Semrau
- Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity & Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E B Chaponda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - R M Chico
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Banda
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - K Musokotwane
- Health Specialist PMTCT and Pediatric AIDS, UNICEF, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A Manasyan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J M Pry
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B Chasekwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Humphrey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Akter N, Nessa A, Israt S, Sharmin A, Dipa MI, Firoz S, Chowdhury R. Study on Serum Calcium Level in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:920-924. [PMID: 36189533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients often present with chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated with hypocalcaemia. Lower serum calcium is independently associated with chronic kidney disease. Aim of this study was to assess of serum calcium level in chronic kidney diseased patients in order to compare this parameter with healthy subjects. This analytical type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Physiology department, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. A total number of 200 subjects, age range 30-70 year were included in this study. Among 200 subjects, 100 healthy were taken as control group (Group I) and 100 chronic kidney diseased patients were taken as study group (Group II). Control group (Group I) subdivided into male healthy subject (Group IA) and female healthy subject (Group IB). Also study group (Group II) subdivided into male chronic kidney diseased patient (Group IIA) and female chronic kidney diseased patient (Group IIB). The results were calculated and analyzed by using SPSS version-21. Expression of data as mean±SE and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. In this study we found that mean±SE serum calcium of Group IA and Group IIA were 9.60±0.09mg/dl & 8.04±0.03mg/dl respectively. The mean±SE serum calcium of Group IB and Group IIB were 9.38±0.096mg/dl & 8.19±0.05mg/dl respectively. Serum calcium was significantly decreased in study groups in comparison with control groups (p<0.001). By this study we therefore recommended that routine estimation of this parameter is important for prevention of complication related to chronic kidney disease for leading a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akter
- Dr Nasrin Akter, Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Meherubin I, Nessa A, Huda MN, Naznen F, Afroz L, Mumu NS, Rukunuzzaman M, Yeasmin F, Sharmin A, Chowdhury R. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Serum Alanine Transaminase Concentration in Obese Female. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:600-605. [PMID: 35780339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activity has been regarded as a reliable and sensitive marker of liver disease. In the context of obesity ALT may also be a good indicator of overall health. Obesity has been reported as a risk factor associated with elevation of ALT, which is a surrogate marker of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Elevated ALT may correlate with the severity of NAFLD in obese female. This study was done to evaluate the changes of serum ALT in obese female age ranged 30-60 years in comparison to normal healthy female of same age. At the same time we can know the relationship between body mass index and serum ALT concentration in obese female. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2020 to December 2020. A total number of 100 female subjects were included in this study. Among them fifty (50) normal healthy female were taken as control group (Group I) and fifty (50) obese female were taken as study group (Group II). The level of serum ALT was determined by Ultra violet (UV) method. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired Student's 't' test. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was done to find the correlation of serum ALT with BMI by using SPSS (version 21.0). During interpretation of results, p values of <0.001 were considered as statistically highly significant. In this study, serum level of ALT was significantly higher (p<0.001) in obese female compared to those of healthy control female. In addition, there is a positive correlation of serum ALT with BMI. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, elevated ALT was significantly associated with high BMI as well as with other feature of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Meherubin
- Dr Iffath Meherubin, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Jamalpur, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Chakraborty P, Chowdhury R, Bhakta A, Mukhopahyay P, Ghosh S. Microbiology of periodontal disease in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102333. [PMID: 34784572 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes and periodontal disease are chronic disorders with complex interplay. Periodontal microbiota may play a major role in the development of periodontal disease (PD). The study was framed to identify oral microorganisms and assess oral biofilm in children & adolescents with T1DM and PD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study we recruited a total of 60 subjects aged 10-18 years (in 3 groups of 20 each). Group 1: Diabetes with periodontal disease (DMPD), Group 2: Diabetes without periodontal disease (DM), Group 3: Periodontal disease without Diabetes (PD).Gingival plaque samples were collected and processed for culture based microbial identification and biofilm assay. RESULTS The microbial diversity in the DMPD group was higher. Staphylococcus warneri was the only organism specifically isolated from DMPD group. Staphylococcus vitulinus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was commonly isolated from both DMPD and PD group especially higher incidence in DMPD group (P ≤ 0.001).There was a strong positive correlation between poor glycaemic control and biofilm formation in both Groups 1 & 2 (DMPD and DM) patients (Spearman's Rho: 0.868, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Children & adolescents with T1DM with worse glycaemic control, associated with higher abundance of biofilm formation and greater microbial diversity, especially in those with T1DM with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, RKM Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Dept. of Endocrinology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India
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Manzoor M, Atique A, Chowdhury R, Athavale N. 159 Antibiotic Omissions: A Missed Dose Means A Missed Chance to Save A Life! Is E-Prescribing the Answer? Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab030.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Omissions and delay in antimicrobial therapy are common in acute hospitals with an untowrds impact on patient outcomes resulting in harm and prolong stay. We carried out a Quality Improvement Project (QIP) assessing 2 interventions in PDSA cycles to improve situation. This QIP was done in 3 stages and involved about 80 patients over 7 months. We collected data regarding antibiotic omissions on 3 random separate days which gave baseline omission rate. This was 8.5% and quite higher than the national average (5.3%). The reason for the omissions was not documented on the drug kardexes on most occasions. Initial intervention included staff education, verbally and through posters. Post intervention data was collected again on 3 separate days. This showed improvement and the omission rate fell from 8.5% to 5.6%. The percentage of omissions with no code written reduced from 56.25% to 18.18%. The second intervention included participation in EPMA (Electronic prescribing and medicines administration) pilot on the ward. Post EPMA, the omission rate reduced to 4.59%. All omissions had now a code written. The phenomenon of Antibiotic Omissions is an open challenge and its consequences are serious. We can conclude from our study that educational measures though effective are likely to be short-lived.Therefore, it can be asserted that Electronic prescribing is appropriate solution for antibiotic omissions and it also opens up new horizons for patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manzoor
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
| | - A Atique
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
| | - R Chowdhury
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
| | - N Athavale
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
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Chowdhury R, Tegg L, Keast VJ, Holmes NP, Cooling NA, Vaughan B, Nicolaidis NC, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, Zhou X. Plasmonic enhancement of aqueous processed organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19000-19011. [PMID: 35478661 PMCID: PMC9033506 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium tungsten bronze (NaxWO3) is a promising alternative plasmonic material to nanoparticulate gold due to its strong plasmonic resonances in both the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. Additional benefits include its simple production either as a bulk or a nanoparticle material at a relatively low cost. In this work, plasmonic NaxWO3 nanoparticles were introduced and mixed into the nanoparticulate zinc oxide electron transport layer of a water processed poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) nanoparticle (NP) based organic photovoltaic device (NP-OPV). The power conversion efficiency of NP-OPV devices with NaxWO3 NPs added was found to improve by around 35% compared to the control devices, attributed to improved light absorption, resulting in an enhanced short circuit current and fill factor. Plasmonic NaxWO3 nanoparticles were introduced to aqueous processed organic photovoltaics with 35% device enhancement.![]()
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Mak MS, Chowdhury R, Johnson R. Morton's neuroma: review of anatomy, pathomechanism, and imaging. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:235.e15-235.e23. [PMID: 33168237 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Morton's neuroma is a commonly encountered cause of forefoot pain, which may limit weight-bearing activities and footwear choices. Although the aetiology and pathomechanism of this condition is controversial, the histological endpoint is well established as benign perineural fibrosis of a common plantar digital nerve, typically within the third intermetatarsal space. The diagnosis of Morton's neuroma is mainly based on characteristic symptoms and clinical findings, but may be confirmed by ultrasonography. Although ultrasound is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for Morton's neuroma, it is subject to interoperator variability due to differences in technique and level of experience. In this paper, the authors review the anatomy of the common plantar digital nerves and surrounding structures in the forefoot, which are deemed relevant to the understanding of Morton's neuroma, especially from a sonographic point of view. Several theories of the pathomechanism of Morton's neuroma are briefly discussed. The main purpose of this article is to illustrate the ultrasound techniques for evaluating Morton's neuroma and performing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mak
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Different definitions used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) preclude getting reliable prevalence estimates. Study objective was to find the prevalence of COPD as per standard Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition, risk factors associated, and treatment seeking in adults >30 years. METHODOLOGY Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Delhi, among 1200 adults, selected by systematic random sampling. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview all subjects and screen for symptoms of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was done to confirm COPD. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated by multivariable analysis to examine the association of risk factors with COPD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was developed to assess predictability. RESULTS The prevalence of COPD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5, 11.9%). Tobacco smoking was the strongest risk factor associated (aOR 9.48; 95% CI 4.22, 14.13) followed by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), occupational exposure, age, and biomass fuel. Each pack-year of smoking increased 15% risk of COPD. Ex-smokers had 63% lesser risk compared to current smokers. Clinical allergy seems to preclude COPD (aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02, 0.37). ROC analysis showed 94.38% of the COPD variability can be assessed by this model (sensitivity 57.4%; positive predictive value 93.3%). Only 48% patients were on treatment. Treatment continuation was impeded by its cost. CONCLUSION COPD prevalence in the region of Delhi, India, is high, and our case-finding population study identified a high rate of patients who were not on any treatment. Our study adds to creating awareness on the importance of smoking cessation, early diagnosis of COPD, and the need for regular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R Singla
- Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases, National Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Community Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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10
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Chowdhury R, Lobaz S. Nutrition in critical care. BJA Educ 2019; 19:90-95. [PMID: 33456876 PMCID: PMC7808007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chowdhury
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S. Lobaz
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Barnsley NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, UK
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Jain S, Chowdhury R, Datta M, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK. Characterization of the clonal profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with early post-operative orthopedic implant based infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2019; 18:8. [PMID: 30760263 PMCID: PMC6373053 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-019-0307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the molecular epidemiology and to compare between the major methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biotypes for association with patient characteristics who had an implant for closed fracture and developed early post-operative wound infections (POWI) in a tertiary care hospital of India. METHODS Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial resistance, accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, Paton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, toxin gene profiling, biofilm formation and patient demographics were correlated with MLST clonal complexes (CC). FINDINGS Overall eight different sequence types (STs) were detected with a predominance of ST239 (66%), ST22 (18%) and some minor types ST772, ST30 (4% each) ST1, ST642, ST6, ST107 (2% each). All ST239 isolates belong to CC239 and SCCmec III whereas ST22 isolates belong to CC22 and SCCmec IV. The isolates varied in the distribution of various toxin genes. With 63.63% biofilm formers ST239 were all multidrug resistant with frequent resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, cefuroxime, amoxyclav and ciprofloxacin indicating doxycycline, amikacin, vancomycin and linezolid can be the drug of choice. CONCLUSION This study shows that ST239 MRSA is still most prevalent strain with new emergence of ST642 and ST107 isolates in association with orthopedic implant based POWI. As compare to other ST types ST239 strain was associated with adverse treatment outcomes. This highlights the importance of improving nosocomial infection control measures in this unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jain
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mousumi Datta
- Department of Community Medicine, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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12
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Sinha R, C MM, Raghwan, Das S, Das S, Shadab M, Chowdhury R, Tripathy S, Ali N. Genome Plasticity in Cultured Leishmania donovani: Comparison of Early and Late Passages. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 30018594 PMCID: PMC6037818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani possesses a complex heteroxenic life cycle where infective metacyclic promastigotes are pre-adapted to infect their host and cope up with intracellular stress. Exploiting the similarities between cultured and sandfly derived promastigotes, we used early and late passage cultured promastigotes to show specific changes at genome level which compromise pathogen fitness reflected in gene expression and infection studies. The pathogen loses virulence mostly via transcriptional and translational regulations and long-time cultivation makes them struggle to convert to virulent metacyclics. At the genomic level very subtle plasticity was observed between the early and the late passages mostly in defense-related, nutrient acquisition and signal transduction genes. Chromosome Copy number variation is seen in the early and late passages involving several genes that may be playing a role in pathogenicity. Our study highlights the importance of ABC transporters and calpain like cysteine proteases in parasite virulence in cultured promastigotes. Interestingly, these proteins are emerging as important patho-adaptive factors in clinical isolates of Leishmania. We found that the currently available genome of Leishmania in the NCBI database are from late passages. Our early passage genome can act as a reference for future studies on virulent isolates of Leishmania. The annotated leads from this study can be used for virulence surveillance and therapeutic studies in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Sinha
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mathu Malar C
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Raghwan
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohammad Shadab
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sucheta Tripathy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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13
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Chowdhury R, Bhatia S, Singh G, Nasreen S, De D. Circulating tumor cells: Screening and monitoring of oral cancers. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 119:498-502. [PMID: 29959083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Chowdhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mithila Minority Dental College & Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, 846001, Bihar, India.
| | - S Bhatia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Kudi Haud, Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - G Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Kudi Haud, Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - S Nasreen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar, (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, 846001, Bihar, India.
| | - D De
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mithila Minority Dental College & Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, 846001, Bihar, India.
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McAllister TE, Yeh TL, Abboud MI, Leung IKH, Hookway ES, King ONF, Bhushan B, Williams ST, Hopkinson RJ, Münzel M, Loik ND, Chowdhury R, Oppermann U, Claridge TDW, Goto Y, Suga H, Schofield CJ, Kawamura A. Non-competitive cyclic peptides for targeting enzyme-substrate complexes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4569-4578. [PMID: 29899950 PMCID: PMC5969509 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Affinity reagents are of central importance for selectively identifying proteins and investigating their interactions. We report on the development and use of cyclic peptides, identified by mRNA display-based RaPID methodology, that are selective for, and tight binders of, the human hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) - enzymes crucial in hypoxia sensing. Biophysical analyses reveal the cyclic peptides to bind in a distinct site, away from the enzyme active site pocket, enabling conservation of substrate binding and catalysis. A biotinylated cyclic peptide captures not only the PHDs, but also their primary substrate hypoxia inducible factor HIF1-α. Our work highlights the potential for tight, non-active site binding cyclic peptides to act as promising affinity reagents for studying protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E McAllister
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - T-L Yeh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - M I Abboud
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - I K H Leung
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - E S Hookway
- Botnar Research Centre , NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit , University of Oxford , Windmill Road , Oxford , OX3 7LD , UK
| | - O N F King
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - B Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK
| | - S T Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - R J Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - M Münzel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - N D Loik
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - U Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre , NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit , University of Oxford , Windmill Road , Oxford , OX3 7LD , UK
| | - T D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Y Goto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - H Suga
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
- JST , CREST , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - C J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - A Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK
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15
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Sengupta C, Ekka M, Arora S, Dhaware PD, Chowdhury R, Raychaudhuri S. Cross feeding of glucose metabolism byproducts of Escherichia coli human gut isolates and probiotic strains affect survival of Vibrio cholerae. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:3. [PMID: 28105081 PMCID: PMC5240293 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae converts glucose into either acid or the neutral end product acetoin and its survival in carbohydrate enriched media is linked to the nature of the byproducts produced. It has been demonstrated in this study that Escherichia coli strain isolated from the gut of healthy human volunteers and the commonly used probiotic E. coli Nissle strain that metabolize glucose to acidic byproducts drastically reduce the survival of V. cholerae strains irrespective of their glucose sensitivity and acetoin production status. Accordingly, E. coli glucose transport mutants that produce lower amounts of acidic metabolites had little effect on the survival of V. cholerae in cocultures. Thus, cross feeding of byproducts of glucose metabolism by heterologous bacteria modulates the survival of V. cholerae in glucose rich medium suggesting that composition of the gut microbiota could influence the outcome of V. cholerae infection especially when glucose based ORS is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirantana Sengupta
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Manjula Ekka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
| | - Saurabh Arora
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
| | - Prashant D Dhaware
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Saumya Raychaudhuri
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036 India
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16
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Sengupta C, Mukherjee O, Chowdhury R. Adherence to Intestinal Cells Promotes Biofilm Formation in Vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1571-1578. [PMID: 27638940 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is known to form biofilms to persist in the environment. It is demonstrated here that even during infection, biofilm genes are upregulated, and microscopic observation indicated that biofilm formation is initiated almost immediately after adherence of V. cholerae to intestinal cells. About 7-fold upregulation of the biofilm regulatory gene vpsT was observed within 30 minutes of adherence of V. cholerae to the intestinal cell line INT 407, and a massive induction of about 700-fold was observed in rabbit ileal loops. The upregulation was observed in the classical and El Tor biotype strains of serogroup O1 that is most frequently associated with epidemic cholera. vpsT upregulation was primarily dependent on the virulence master regulator AphA. Of possible clinical relevance was the observation that V. cholerae in the INT 407-associated biofilms was significantly more resistant to antibiotics than unadhered planktonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirantana Sengupta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Oindrilla Mukherjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
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Chowdhury S, Islam M, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury A, Rahman M. A health perspective of street children in Bangladesh. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Muka T, Nano J, Voortman T, Braun KVE, Ligthart S, Stranges S, Bramer WM, Troup J, Chowdhury R, Dehghan A, Franco OH. The role of global and regional DNA methylation and histone modifications in glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:553-566. [PMID: 27146363 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New evidence suggests the potential involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a crucial interface between the effects of genetic predisposition and environmental influences. AIM To systematically review studies investigating the association between epigenetic marks (DNA methylation and histone modifications) with T2D and glycemic traits (glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR). METHOD AND RESULTS Six bibliographic databases (Embase.com, Medline (Ovid), Web-of-Science, PubMed, Cochrane Central and Google Scholar) were screened until 28th August 2015. We included randomized controlled trials, cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies in humans that examined the association between epigenetic marks (global, candidate or genome-wide methylation of DNA and histone modifications) with T2D, glucose and insulin levels and insulin metabolism. Of the initially identified 3879 references, 53 articles, based on 47 unique studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, data were available on 10,823 participants, with a total of 3358 T2D cases. There was no consistent evidence for an association between global DNA-methylation with T2D, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance. The studies reported epigenetic regulation of several candidate genes for diabetes susceptibility in blood cells, muscle, adipose tissue and placenta to be related with T2D without any general overlap between them. Histone modifications in relation to T2D were reported only in 3 observational studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Current evidence supports an association between epigenetic marks and T2D. However, overall evidence is limited, highlighting the need for further larger-scale and prospective investigations to establish whether epigenetic marks may influence the risk of developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J Nano
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K V E Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - W M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Troup
- Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, USA
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - A Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Phosphorene is a newly unveiled two-dimensional crystal with immense potential for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. Its unique electronic structure and two dimensionality also present opportunities for single electron devices. Here we report the behaviour of a single electron transistor (SET) made of a phosphorene island, explored for the first time using ab initio calculations. We find that the band gap and the charging energy decrease monotonically with increasing layer numbers due to weak quantum confinement. When compared to two other novel 2D crystals such as graphene and MoS2, our investigation reveals larger adsorption energies of gas molecules on phosphorene, which indicates better a sensing ability. The calculated charge stability diagrams show distinct changes in the presence of an individual molecule which can be applied to detect the presence of different molecules with sensitivity at a single molecular level. The higher charging energies of the molecules within the SET display operational viability at room temperature, which is promising for possible ultra sensitive detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bitha, 801 103, Bihar, India
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20
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Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee O, Mukhopadhyay AK, Chowdhury R, Pal AK, Dhar KK. A Conserved Helicobacter pylori Gene, HP0102, Is Induced Upon Contact With Gastric Cells and Has Multiple Roles in Pathogenicity. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:196-204. [PMID: 27056952 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact with host cells is recognized as a signal capable of triggering expression of bacterial genes important for host pathogen interaction. Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelial cell line AGS strongly upregulated expression of a gene, HP0102, in the adhered bacteria in all strains examined, including several Indian clinical isolates. The gene is highly conserved and ubiquitously present in all 69 sequenced H. pylori genomes at the same genomic locus, as well as in 15 Indian clinical isolates. The gene is associated with 2 distinct phenotypes related to pathogenicity. In AGS cell-adhered H. pylori, it has a role in upregulation of cagA expression from a specific σ(28)-RNAP promoter and consequent induction of the hummingbird phenotype in the infected AGS cells. Furthermore, HP0102 has a role in chemotaxis and a ΔHP0102 mutant exhibited low acid-escape response that might account for the poor colonization efficiency of the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhattacharya
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
| | - Oindrilla Mukherjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
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Sinha B, Singla R, Chowdhury R. Allergic Rhinitis: A neglected disease - A community based assessment among adults in Delhi. J Postgrad Med 2016; 61:169-75. [PMID: 26119436 PMCID: PMC4943409 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.159418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Allergic Rhinitis is rather erroneously viewed as a trivial disease. It is important in that it can significantly affect quality of life. There is paucity of community based prevalence studies on the disease in India. This study was planned to assess the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adults, the proportion of asthmatics among them, risk factors associated and treatment seeking behaviour among the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Mehrauli, South Delhi among 1200 adults, aged 30 years and over selected by systematic random sampling from two randomly selected wards. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information regarding symptoms, risk factors and treatment seeking behaviour. Allergic Rhinitis was diagnosed as per ARIA guidelines. Spirometry was done to diagnose asthma among them. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the association of risk factors with disease. RESULTS The prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis was found to be 11% (132 subjects) and 33.3% (44 patients) among them also had asthma. Overcrowding (aOR = 6.4), absence of cross-ventilation (aOR = 2.5), occupational exposure to dust/ smoke (aOR = 2.1), tobacco smoking (aOR = 2.1), family history of allergic diseases (aOR = 2.7) and clinical allergy (aOR = 10.2) were found to be independent risk factors associated with Rhinitis. More patients of Rhinitis with asthma (75%) took treatment, relative to those without asthma (40%) who, mostly relied on home remedies (42%) or, did not seek any treatment (18%) (P = 0.031). Interpretations and Conclusion: The burden of Allergic Rhinitis is high with a considerable overlap with asthma. These allergic diseases and emphasize the importance of early and regular treatment.
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Lee AK, Chowdhury R, Welsh JA. Sugars and adiposity: the long-term effects of consuming added and naturally occurring sugars in foods and in beverages. Obes Sci Pract 2015; 1:41-49. [PMID: 27774248 PMCID: PMC5057365 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if the association with adiposity varies by the type (added vs. naturally occurring) and form (liquid vs. solid) of dietary sugars consumed. METHODS Data from the 10-year National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Growth and Health Study (n = 2,021 girls aged 9-10 years at baseline; n = 5,156 paired observations) were used. Using mixed linear models, 1-year changes in sugar intake, body mass index z-score (BMIz) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed. RESULTS The results showed mean daily added sugar (AS) intake: 10.3 tsp (41 g) liquid; 11.6 tsp (46 g) solid and naturally occurring sugar intake: 2.6 tsp (10 g) liquid; 2.2 tsp (9 g) solid. Before total energy adjustment, each additional teaspoon of liquid AS was associated with a 0.222-mm increase in WC (p = 0.0003) and a 0.002 increase in BMIz (p = 0.003). Each teaspoon of solid AS was associated with a 0.126-mm increase in WC (p = 0.03) and a 0.001 increase in BMIz (p = 0.03). Adjusting for total energy, this association was maintained only between liquid AS and WC among all and between solid AS and WC among those overweight/obese only. There was no significant association with naturally occurring sugar. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate to suggest a positive association between AS intake (liquid and solid) and BMI that is mediated by total energy intake and an association with WC that is independent of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lee
- Wellness Department Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - J A Welsh
- Wellness Department Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA; Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA; Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program Emory University Atlanta GA USA
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Sarker UK, Uddin MJ, Chowdhury R, Roy N, Bhattacharjee M, Roy J. Clinical Profile of Peripheral Neuropathy in Leprosy. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:671-678. [PMID: 26620002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to see the association of peripheral neuropathy in leprosy and to find out the clinical profile of peripheral neuropathy and disability status in leprosy. It was descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted among the cases of leprosy attended in the out-patient departments of neurology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) and Mymensingh tuberculosis and leprosy hospital that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study, during the study period of January 2010 to December 2011.In this study of 62 cases revealed that leprosy is more common in male (71%) people and 21% leprosy patient had contact with known case of leprosy. Leprosy causes peripheral neuropathy (61.3%). Duration of occurrence of peripheral neuropathy was prolonged (>6 month) in most of the patients (47.4%) and the disease progression was also slow (63.2%). Numbness was complained by 89.4% patients and 65.8% subjects complained of weakness of limbs. Deformities and ulcers were present in 26.3% and 50% of patients respectively. Ulnar nerve (43.6%), Lateral popliteal nerve (41.9%), Posterior tibial nerve (41.9%) and Great auricular nerve (17.7%) were the most commonly involved thickened peripheral nerves. The rate of visible physical impairment (WHO Grade 2 disability) among people affected by leprosy in feet was 27.4% and in hands was 16.1%. The position and vibration sense was found to normal all patients of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Sarker
- Dr Uttam Kumar Sarker, Registrar, Department of Neurology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Gennatas S, Noble J, Stanway S, Gunapala R, Chowdhury R, Wotherspoon A, Benepal T, Popat S. Patterns of relapse in extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: retrospective analysis of outcomes from two cancer centres. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006440. [PMID: 25588780 PMCID: PMC4298106 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a retrospective review of patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCCs) to explore the distribution, treatments, patterns of relapse and outcomes by primary site. SETTING We have reviewed the outcomes of one of the largest data sets of consecutive patients with EPSCC identified from two major cancer centres. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients with a histopathological diagnosis of EPSCC from the two institutions were retrospectively identified. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes were evaluated including stage at presentation, treatments given, sites of relapse, time to distant relapse, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). RESULTS From a total 159 patients, 114 received first-line chemotherapy, 80.5% being platinum-based. Response rate was 48%. Commonest primary sites were genitourinary and gynaecological. 44% of patients presented with metastatic disease. 55.9% relapsed with liver the commonest site, whereas only 2.5% developed brain metastases. Median OS was 13.4 months for all patients, 7.6 months and 19.5 months for those with metastatic and non-metastatic disease, respectively. Gynaecological and head and neck patients had significantly better OS compared to gastrointestinal patients. CONCLUSIONS EPSCCs demonstrate high response rates to chemotherapy and high rates of distant metastases. Primary sites may influence prognosis, and survival is optimal with a radical strategy. Brain metastases are rare and we therefore do not recommend prophylactic cranial irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gennatas
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Noble
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Stanway
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Gunapala
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Dimbleby Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - A Wotherspoon
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Benepal
- Department of Oncology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Popat
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Poddar S, De S, Chowdhury R. Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic bio-packaging (jute) waste – kinetics using lumped and DAE (distributed activation energy) models and pyro-oil characterization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study concentrates on the catalytic pyrolysis of a waste bio-packaging material, namely, jute, under iso-thermal and non-isothermal conditions using a 50 mm diameter and 164 mm long semi-batch pyrolyzer and a TGA set-up, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Poddar
- Jadavpur University
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - S. De
- Jadavpur University
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - R. Chowdhury
- Jadavpur University
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kolkata-700032
- India
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Ray S, Sengupta C, Chowdhury R. WITHDRAWN: Novel role of LeuO in HNS mediated silencing of the Vibrio cholerae virulence regulatory gene toxT. J Biol Chem 2014:jbc.M114.593772. [PMID: 25548286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript has been withdrawn by the author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejana Ray
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India
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Baidya AK, Bhattacharya S, Chowdhury R. Role of the Flagellar Hook-Length Control Protein FliK and σ28 in cagA Expression in Gastric Cell-Adhered Helicobacter pylori. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1779-89. [PMID: 25512629 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelial cell line AGS strongly induces expression of fliK encoding a flagellar hook-length control protein. FliK has a role in triggering dissociation of the alternate sigma factor, σ(28), from a nonfunctional σ(28)-FlgM complex, releasing free, functional σ(28). The σ(28)-RNA polymerase initiates transcription of cagA, the major virulence gene, from a promoter identified in this study. Consequently, significant up-regulation of cagA was observed in AGS-adhered H. pylori. Direct binding of σ(28) to the cagA promoter was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and the transcription start site was identified by 5' RACE (rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends). The σ(28)-dependent cagA promoter was active specifically in AGS-adhered H. pylori, and this motif might be associated with high cagA expression and severity of disease. These results also indicate that H. pylori has evolved to integrate expression of the major virulence gene cagA with the flagellar regulatory circuit, essential for colonization of the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Baidya
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saurabh Bhattacharya
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Lorio S, Lutti A, Kherif F, Ruef A, Dukart J, Chowdhury R, Frackowiak RS, Ashburner J, Helms G, Weiskopf N, Draganski B. Disentangling in vivo the effects of iron content and atrophy on the ageing human brain. Neuroimage 2014; 103:280-289. [PMID: 25264230 PMCID: PMC4263529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies shows that healthy aging is associated with profound changes in cortical and subcortical brain structures. The reliable delineation of cortex and basal ganglia using automated computational anatomy methods based on T1-weighted images remains challenging, which results in controversies in the literature. In this study we use quantitative MRI (qMRI) to gain an insight into the microstructural mechanisms underlying tissue ageing and look for potential interactions between ageing and brain tissue properties to assess their impact on automated tissue classification. To this end we acquired maps of longitudinal relaxation rate R1, effective transverse relaxation rate R2* and magnetization transfer - MT, from healthy subjects (n=96, aged 21-88 years) using a well-established multi-parameter mapping qMRI protocol. Within the framework of voxel-based quantification we find higher grey matter volume in basal ganglia, cerebellar dentate and prefrontal cortex when tissue classification is based on MT maps compared with T1 maps. These discrepancies between grey matter volume estimates can be attributed to R2* - a surrogate marker of iron concentration, and further modulation by an interaction between R2* and age, both in cortical and subcortical areas. We interpret our findings as direct evidence for the impact of ageing-related brain tissue property changes on automated tissue classification of brain structures using SPM12. Computational anatomy studies of ageing and neurodegeneration should acknowledge these effects, particularly when inferring about underlying pathophysiology from regional cortex and basal ganglia volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lorio
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - A Lutti
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - F Kherif
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - A Ruef
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J Dukart
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - R Chowdhury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - R S Frackowiak
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J Ashburner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - G Helms
- University Medical Centre, UMG, Dept. of Cognitive Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Weiskopf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - B Draganski
- LREN, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Sengupta C, Ray S, Chowdhury R. Fine tuning of virulence regulatory pathways in enteric bacteria in response to varying bile and oxygen concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut Pathog 2014; 6:38. [PMID: 25349633 PMCID: PMC4209513 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-014-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
After entering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on the way to their physiological site of infection, enteric bacteria encounter a remarkable diversity in environmental conditions. There are gross differences in the physico-chemical parameters in different sections of the GI tract e.g. between the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Furthermore, even within a certain anatomical site, there are subtle differences in the microenvironment e.g. between the lumen, mucous layer and epithelial surface. Enteric pathogens must not only survive passage through the rapidly changing environments encountered at different niches of the GI tract but must also appropriately coordinate expression of virulence determinants in response to environmental cues at different stages of infection. There are some common themes in the responses of enteric pathogens to environmental cues, there are also distinct differences that may reflect differences in basic pathogenesis mechanisms. The role of bile and oxygen concentration in spatiotemporal regulation of virulence genes in selected enteric pathogens has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirantana Sengupta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sreejana Ray
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IICB Campus, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chowdhury R, Ganeshan B, Irshad S, Lawler K, Eisenblätter M, Milewicz H, Rodriguez-Justo M, Miles K, Ellis P, Groves A, Punwani S, Ng T. The use of molecular imaging combined with genomic techniques to understand the heterogeneity in cancer metastasis. BJR Case Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20140065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tande C, Hadi B, Chowdhury R, Subramanian S, Byamukama E. First Report of Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean Caused by Fusarium virguliforme in South Dakota. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1012. [PMID: 30708925 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-14-0107-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the 2012 soybean growing season, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants submitted to South Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Clinic exhibited symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki, O'Donnell, Homma, & Lattanzi). In the 2013 soybean growing season, a soybean survey targeting SDS-symptomatic plants was carried out in 20 eastern South Dakota counties between July and August when plants were at the beginning seed and beginning seed maturity growth stages. Soybean plants with SDS-like symptoms were found in eight counties at very low incidence (<3%). Approximately 15 plants per field that had symptoms resembling those of SDS were collected and fungal isolations were made. Leaf symptoms included some necrosis and slight interveinal chlorosis. The tap roots also had areas of necrosis and the vascular system was brown. Isolations were made from the symptomatic tap root sections. The tap root sections were surface sterilized using a 10% NaOCl for 1 min and then rinsed once for 1 min with sterile water before being placed on an acidified potato dextrose agar. Slow growing isolates of F. virguliforme with characteristic blue sporodochia were isolated from these symptomatic plant roots. The conidia were banana-shaped with 4 to 5 septae, a typical characteristic for F. virguliforme. Koch's postulates were performed using a modified layer test method (2). Briefly, the conidia from the isolate (PL1200158 from Yankton county, SD) was used to infest sterile sorghum seed. In the greenhouse, three holes were punched in the bottom of 32 oz. Styrofoam cups. The bottom 11 cm of the cup was then filled with vermiculite. A 2-cm layer of fully colonized sorghum seed was placed on top of the vermiculite. This was covered with a 2- to 5-cm layer of vermiculite. Fifteen soybean cv. Sloan seeds were placed on top of this vermiculite layer and covered with approximately 2 cm more vermiculite for each cup for a total of 12 cups. The temperature in the greenhouse was approximately 23°C with 14 h of light and 10 h of darkness for 21 days. Leaves began to show necrosis and the roots had brown, rotted lesions. Symptoms did not develop on non-inoculated controls. After 5 weeks under greenhouse conditions, the roots of infected plants were removed, surface sterilized, and F. virguliforme was re-isolated. SDS was further confirmed by PCR using primers designed from FvTox1 gene. FvTox1, a single-copy gene, has been found to be highly species specific and primers from this region delineate F. virguliforme from other Fusarium species (1). The PCR product size matched that of expected size. The PCR product was sequenced and a BLAST search matched (100%) only the sequences of F. virguliforme FvTox1 gene (GenBank Accession No. JF440964). The confirmation of SDS in eight counties in South Dakota indicates that SDS may be widespread and a concern for soybean production when conditions are conducive for SDS to develop. References: (1) G. C. Y. Mbofung, et al. Plant Dis. 95:1420, 2011. (2) A. F. Schmitthenner and R. G. Bhatt. Useful Methods for Studying Phytophthora in the Laboratory. Special Circular, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, 1994.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tande
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - B Hadi
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - E Byamukama
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy older adults report greater well-being and life satisfaction than their younger counterparts. One potential explanation for this is enhanced optimism. We tested the influence of age on optimistic and pessimistic beliefs about the future and the associated structural neural correlates. METHOD Eighteen young and 18 healthy older adults performed a belief updating paradigm, measuring differences in updating beliefs for desirable and undesirable information about future negative events. These measures were related to regional brain volume, focusing on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) because this region is strongly linked to a positivity bias in older age. RESULTS We demonstrate an age-related reduction in updating beliefs when older adults are faced with undesirable, but not desirable, information about negative events. This greater 'update bias' in older age persisted even after controlling for a variety of variables including subjective rating scales and poorer overall memory. A structural brain correlate of this greater 'update bias' was evident in greater grey matter volume in the dorsal ACC in older but not in young adults. CONCLUSIONS We show a greater update bias in healthy older age. The link between this bias and relative volume of the ACC suggests a shared mechanism with an age-related positivity bias. Older adults frequently have to make important decisions relating to personal, health and financial issues. Our findings have wider behavioural implications in these contexts because an enhanced optimistic update bias may skew such real-world decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Chowdhury
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - T. Sharot
- Department of Cognitive Perceptual and Brain Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - T. Wolfe
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - E. Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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Adhikari S, Saavedra Flores EI, Scarpa F, Chowdhury R, Friswell MI. A Hybrid Atomistic Approach for the Mechanics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Molecules. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4027690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The paper proposes a new modeling approach for the prediction and analysis of the mechanical properties in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules based on a hybrid atomistic-finite element continuum representation. The model takes into account of the complex geometry of the DNA strands, a structural mechanics representation of the atomic bonds existing in the molecules and the mass distribution of the atoms by using a lumped parameter model. A 13-base-pair DNA model is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The properties of the equivalent bond elements used to represent the DNA model have been derived. The natural frequencies, vibration mode shapes, and equivalent continuum mechanical properties of the DNA strand are obtained. The results from our model compare well with a high-fidelity molecular mechanics simulation and existing MD and experimental data from open literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Adhikari
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - E. I. Saavedra Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenue Ecuador 3659, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Scarpa
- Bristol Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NSQI), Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - R. Chowdhury
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - M. I. Friswell
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Chowdhury R, Ganeshan B, Irshad S, Lawler K, Eisenblätter M, Milewicz H, Rodriguez-Justo M, Miles K, Ellis P, Groves A, Punwani S, Ng T. The use of molecular imaging combined with genomic techniques to understand the heterogeneity in cancer metastasis. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140065. [PMID: 24597512 PMCID: PMC4075563 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity has, in recent times, come to play a vital role in how we understand and treat cancers; however, the clinical translation of this has lagged behind advances in research. Although significant advancements in oncological management have been made, personalized care remains an elusive goal. Inter- and intratumour heterogeneity, particularly in the clinical setting, has been difficult to quantify and therefore to treat. The histological quantification of heterogeneity of tumours can be a logistical and clinical challenge. The ability to examine not just the whole tumour but also all the molecular variations of metastatic disease in a patient is obviously difficult with current histological techniques. Advances in imaging techniques and novel applications, alongside our understanding of tumour heterogeneity, have opened up a plethora of non-invasive biomarker potential to examine tumours, their heterogeneity and the clinical translation. This review will focus on how various imaging methods that allow for quantification of metastatic tumour heterogeneity, along with the potential of developing imaging, integrated with other in vitro diagnostic approaches such as genomics and exosome analyses, have the potential role as a non-invasive biomarker for guiding the treatment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chowdhury
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative bacterium, colonizes the stomach in a majority of the world population. The two major virulence factors of H. pylori VacA and CagA, thought to be associated with chronic inflammation and disease, have been extensively studied, but the regulation of the expression of these virulence genes in H. pylori remains poorly understood. METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to quantify gene expression in unadhered and AGS-adhered H. pylori. Δfur mutant was constructed by splicing by overlap extension PCR and allelic exchange. RESULTS Adherence of H. pylori to the gastric epithelial cell line AGS strongly induces the expression of both cagA and vacA. Induction of cagA and vacA in the AGS cell-adhered H. pylori Δfur mutant strain was consistently lower than in the adhered parent strain. However, expression of the genes was similar between the wild-type and Δfur mutant strains in the unadhered state, suggesting that Fur has a role in the upregulation of cagA and vacA expression, especially in AGS-adhered H. pylori. Consistent with these results, microscopic observations revealed that infection of AGS cells with H. pylori Δfur mutant strain produced much less damage as compared to that produced by the wild-type H. pylori strain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that cagA and vacA gene expression is upregulated in H. pylori, especially by host cell contact, and Fur has a role in the upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghwan
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
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Harris SM, Leong HMC, Chowdhury R, Ellis C, Brennan J, Scobie IN. Concomitant myasthenia gravis and macroprolactinoma: the immunomodulatory role of prolactin and its potential therapeutic use. Endocrine 2014; 45:9-14. [PMID: 23749585 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence attests to the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine axis (HPA) in the maintenance of normal immunocompetence. The immune and neuroendocrine systems are integrally linked and coordinated with bidirectional communication maintaining immune balance. Any disturbance of the normal function of the HPA may significantly alter native immunocompetence and therefore be associated with the development of disorders which have a clearly established autoimmune basis. Molecular and functional evidence shows prolactin, produced by the anterior pituitary, to be a cytokine, exerting its effect via both paracrine and endocrine mechanisms [1]. Its involvement in the activation of multiple immune responses may adversely upregulate certain autoimmune diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) has long been recognized as an autoimmune disorder. In this mini review, we present the coterminous presentation of MG and prolactin-secreting macroadenoma. We review published cases in the world literature, discuss pathological mechanism, and consider future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Harris
- Departments of Endocrinology, Neurology and Radiology, Medway Maritime Hospital, c/o Diabetes Centre, Residence 9, Gillingham, ME7 5NY, UK,
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Sinha S, Giri AK, Chowdhury R, Ray K. Mitochondrial genome variations among arsenic exposed individuals and potential correlation with apoptotic parameters. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:70-76. [PMID: 24259294 DOI: 10.1002/em.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) causes serious health hazards. Therefore, there is a sustained effort to understand the molecular basis of the risk posed by the toxicant. It has been reported that apoptotic changes ensue on exposure to As. To investigate the molecular basis of such changes, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome from PBMC of a subset of these individuals (As-exposed=16 and unexposed=18) using Affymetrix platform. Our analysis revealed that As exposure does not induce large-scale mt-DNA variations, but that specific deleterious changes could induce mt dysfunction. A Glu115Ter mutation as well as 17 other in silico predicted deleterious variants were identified exclusively in exposed individuals. The number of variants in mt Complex I in As-exposed individuals was positively correlated with their respective intracellular ROS level. In addition, the extent of potentially damaging variants in As-exposed individuals had significant positive correlation to the degree of G0 /G1 cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Sinha
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Chacrabati R, Chowdhury R, Yesmin S, Sano H, Al-Mamun M. Comparison of broiler performance using Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), Bio-Sel-E and commercial diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of Plantain (PL), Bio-Sel-E and commercial broiler diet on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, performance index and carcass yield of broiler. A total of 160 day old broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly distributed into four groups with four replication in each group and having 10 birds in each replication. Basal diet was used for group 1 (control), Basal diet was supplemented with PL (0.5% of DM basis) and Bio-Sel-E (5g/50 birds in drinking water) for group 2 and 3 respectively and for group 4 used commercial broiler diet (Quality Feed Ltd.). Total feed intake was similar among the groups. Feed conversion ratios of PL diet, Bio-Sel-E diet, and commercial broiler diet were comparable, and were lower (P<0.05) than the control diet. Significantly higher body weight gain and performance index were found in PL, Bio-Sel-E and commercial broiler diet groups than control diet. The dressing yield of PL diet and commercial broiler diet were comparable, and they were higher (P<0.05) than Control diet and Bio-Sel-E diet. It could be concluded that the Supplementation of 0.5% PL in the diet had positive effect on growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, performance index and carcass characteristics of broilers almost similar of Bio-Sel-E and commercial broiler diet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18492 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 123-130
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He BJ, Nolte G, Nagata K, Takano D, Yamazaki T, Fujimaki Y, Maeda T, Satoh Y, Heckers S, George MS, Lopes da Silva F, de Munck JC, Van Houdt PJ, Verdaasdonk RM, Ossenblok P, Mullinger K, Bowtell R, Bagshaw AP, Keeser D, Karch S, Segmiller F, Hantschk I, Berman A, Padberg F, Pogarell O, Scharnowski F, Karch S, Hümmer S, Keeser D, Paolini M, Kirsch V, Koller G, Rauchmann B, Kupka M, Blautzik J, Pogarell O, Razavi N, Jann K, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Hauf M, Strik W, Dierks T, Gotman J, Vulliemoz S, Lu Y, Zhang H, Yang L, Worrell G, He B, Gruber O, Piguet C, Hubl D, Homan P, Kindler J, Dierks T, Kim K, Steinhoff U, Wakai R, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Melie-García L, Mucci A, Volpe U, Prinster A, Salvatore M, Galderisi S, Linden DEJ, Brandeis D, Schroeder CE, Kayser C, Panzeri S, Kleinschmidt A, Ritter P, Walther S, Haueisen J, Lau S, Flemming L, Sonntag H, Maess B, Knösche TR, Lanfer B, Dannhauer M, Wolters CH, Stenroos M, Haueisen J, Wolters C, Aydin U, Lanfer B, Lew S, Lucka F, Ruthotto L, Vorwerk J, Wagner S, Ramon C, Guan C, Ang KK, Chua SG, Kuah WK, Phua KS, Chew E, Zhou H, Chuang KH, Ang BT, Wang C, Zhang H, Yang H, Chin ZY, Yu H, Pan Y, Collins L, Mainsah B, Colwell K, Morton K, Ryan D, Sellers E, Caves K, Throckmorton S, Kübler A, Holz EM, Zickler C, Sellers E, Ryan D, Brown K, Colwell K, Mainsah B, Caves K, Throckmorton S, Collins L, Wennberg R, Ahlfors SP, Grova C, Chowdhury R, Hedrich T, Heers M, Zelmann R, Hall JA, Lina JM, Kobayashi E, Oostendorp T, van Dam P, Oosterhof P, Linnenbank A, Coronel R, van Dessel P, de Bakker J, Rossion B, Jacques C, Witthoft N, Weiner KS, Foster BL, Miller KJ, Hermes D, Parvizi J, Grill-Spector K, Recanzone GH, Murray MM, Haynes JD, Richiardi J, Greicius M, De Lucia M, Müller KR, Formisano E, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Bendfeldt K, Walter A, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Fusar-Poli P, Eliez S, Schmidt A, Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Schoffelen JM, Guggisberg AG, Nolte G, Balazs S, Kermanshahi K, Kiesenhofer W, Binder H, Rattay F, Antal A, Chaieb L, Paulus W, Bodis-Wollner I, Maurer K, Fein G, Camchong J, Johnstone J, Cardenas-Nicolson V, Fiederer LDJ, Lucka F, Yang S, Vorwerk J, Dümpelmann M, Cosandier-Rimélé D, Schulze-Bonhage A, Aertsen A, Speck O, Wolters CH, Ball T, Fuchs M, Wagner M, Kastner J, Tech R, Dinh C, Haueisen J, Baumgarten D, Hämäläinen MS, Lau S, Vogrin SJ, D'Souza W, Haueisen J, Cook MJ, Custo A, Van De Ville D, Vulliemoz S, Grouiller F, Michel CM, Malmivuo J, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Küpper P, Heers M, Kugel H, Wellmer J, Kellinghaus C, Scherg M, Rampp S, Wolters C, Storti SF, Boscolo Galazzo I, Del Felice A, Pizzini FB, Arcaro C, Formaggio E, Mai R, Manganotti P, Koessler L, Vignal J, Cecchin T, Colnat-Coulbois S, Vespignani H, Ramantani G, Maillard L, Rektor I, Kuba R, Brázdil M, Chrastina J, Rektorova I, van Mierlo P, Carrette E, Strobbe G, Montes-Restrepo V, Vonck K, Vandenberghe S, Ahmed B, Brodely C, Carlson C, Kuzniecky R, Devinsky O, French J, Thesen T, Bénis D, David O, Lachaux JP, Seigneuret E, Krack P, Fraix V, Chabardès S, Bastin J, Jann K, Gee D, Kilroy E, Cannon T, Wang DJ, Hale JR, Mayhew SD, Przezdzik I, Arvanitis TN, Bagshaw AP, Plomp G, Quairiaux C, Astolfi L, Michel CM, Mayhew SD, Mullinger KJ, Bagshaw AP, Bowtell R, Francis ST, Schouten AC, Campfens SF, van der Kooij H, Koles Z, Lind J, Flor-Henry P, Wirth M, Haase CM, Villeneuve S, Vogel J, Jagust WJ, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Simon-Vermot L, Gesierich B, Duering M, Ewers M, Rektorova I, Krajcovicova L, Marecek R, Mikl M, Bracht T, Horn H, Strik W, Federspiel A, Schnell S, Höfle O, Stegmayer K, Wiest R, Dierks T, Müller TJ, Walther S, Surmeli T, Ertem A, Eralp E, Kos IH, Skrandies W, Flüggen S, Klein A, Britz J, Díaz Hernàndez L, Ro T, Michel CM, Lenartowicz A, Lau E, Rodriguez C, Cohen MS, Loo SK, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Giannoudas I, La Porta P, Verardo AR, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Flor-Henry P, Lind J, Koles Z, Bollmann S, Ghisleni C, O'Gorman R, Poil SS, Klaver P, Michels L, Martin E, Ball J, Eich-Höchli D, Brandeis D, Salisbury DF, Murphy TK, Butera CD, Mathalon DH, Fryer SL, Kiehl KA, Calhoun VC, Pearlson GD, Roach BJ, Ford JM, McGlashan TH, Woods SW, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Vignapiano A, Montefusco V, Plescia GM, Gallo O, Romano P, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Mingoia G, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Wagner G, Smesny, Scherpiet S, Maitra R, Gaser C, Sauer H, Nenadic I, Gonzalez Andino S, Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Sanchez Vives M, Rebollo B, Gonzalez Andino S, Frølich L, Andersen TS, Mørup M, Belfiore P, Gargiulo P, Ramon C, Vanhatalo S, Cho JH, Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Knösche TR, Watanabe T, Kawabata Y, Ukegawa D, Kawabata S, Adachi Y, Sekihara K, Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Wagner S, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Herrmann C, Burger M, Wolters C, Lucka F, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Burger M, Wolters C, Bauer M, Trahms L, Sander T, Faber PL, Lehmann D, Gianotti LRR, Pascual-Marqui RD, Milz P, Kochi K, Kaneko S, Yamashita S, Yana K, Kalogianni K, Vardy AN, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Sorrentino A, Luria G, Aramini R, Hunold A, Funke M, Eichardt R, Haueisen J, Gómez-Aguilar F, Vázquez-Olvera S, Cordova-Fraga T, Castro-López J, Hernández-Gonzalez MA, Solorio-Meza S, Sosa-Aquino M, Bernal-Alvarado JJ, Vargas-Luna M, Vorwerk J, Magyari L, Ludewig J, Oostenveld R, Wolters CH, Vorwerk J, Engwer C, Ludewig J, Wolters C, Sato K, Nishibe T, Furuya M, Yamashiro K, Yana K, Ono T, Puthanmadam Subramaniyam N, Hyttinen J, Lau S, Güllmar D, Flemming L, Haueisen J, Sonntag H, Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Grasedyck L, Haueisen J, Maeß B, Freitag S, Graichen U, Fiedler P, Strohmeier D, Haueisen J, Stenroos M, Hauk O, Grigutsch M, Felber M, Maess B, Herrmann B, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Vandenberghe S, Strobbe G, Cárdenas-Peña D, Montes-Restrepo V, van Mierlo P, Castellanos-Dominguez G, Vandenberghe S, Lanfer B, Paul-Jordanov I, Scherg M, Wolters CH, Ito Y, Sato D, Kamada K, Kobayashi T, Dalal SS, Rampp S, Willomitzer F, Arold O, Fouladi-Movahed S, Häusler G, Stefan H, Ettl S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Kong X, Montes-Restrepo V, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Vandenberghe S, Wong DDE, Bidet-Caulet A, Knight RT, Crone NE, Dalal SS, Birot G, Spinelli L, Vulliémoz S, Seeck M, Michel CM, Emory H, Wells C, Mizrahi N, Vogrin SJ, Lau S, Cook MJ, Karahanoglu FI, Grouiller F, Caballero-Gaudes C, Seeck M, Vulliemoz S, Van De Ville D, Spinelli L, Megevand P, Genetti M, Schaller K, Michel C, Vulliemoz S, Seeck M, Genetti M, Tyrand R, Grouiller F, Vulliemoz S, Spinelli L, Seeck M, Schaller K, Michel CM, Grouiller F, Heinzer S, Delattre B, Lazeyras F, Spinelli L, Pittau F, Seeck M, Ratib O, Vargas M, Garibotto V, Vulliemoz S, Vogrin SJ, Bailey CA, Kean M, Warren AE, Davidson A, Seal M, Harvey AS, Archer JS, Papadopoulou M, Leite M, van Mierlo P, Vonck K, Boon P, Friston K, Marinazzo D, Ramon C, Holmes M, Koessler L, Rikir E, Gavaret M, Bartolomei F, Vignal JP, Vespignani H, Maillard L, Centeno M, Perani S, Pier K, Lemieux L, Clayden J, Clark C, Pressler R, Cross H, Carmichael DW, Spring A, Bessemer R, Pittman D, Aghakhani Y, Federico P, Pittau F, Grouiller F, Vulliémoz S, Gotman J, Badier JM, Bénar CG, Bartolomei F, Cruto C, Chauvel P, Gavaret M, Brodbeck V, van Leeuwen T, Tagliazzuchi E, Melloni L, Laufs H, Griskova-Bulanova I, Dapsys K, Klein C, Hänggi J, Jäncke L, Ehinger BV, Fischer P, Gert AL, Kaufhold L, Weber F, Marchante Fernandez M, Pipa G, König P, Sekihara K, Hiyama E, Koga R, Iannilli E, Michel CM, Bartmuss AL, Gupta N, Hummel T, Boecker R, Holz N, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Plichta MM, Wolf I, Baumeister S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M, Natahara S, Ueno M, Kobayashi T, Kottlow M, Bänninger A, Koenig T, Schwab S, Koenig T, Federspiel A, Dierks T, Jann K, Natsukawa H, Kobayashi T, Tüshaus L, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Achermann P, Wilson RS, Mayhew SD, Assecondi S, Arvanitis TN, Bagshaw AP, Darque A, Rihs TA, Grouiller F, Lazeyras F, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R, Caballero C, Michel CM, Hüppi PS, Hauser TU, Hunt LT, Iannaccone R, Stämpfli P, Brandeis D, Dolan RJ, Walitza S, Brem S, Graichen U, Eichardt R, Fiedler P, Strohmeier D, Freitag S, Zanow F, Haueisen J, Lordier L, Grouiller F, Van de Ville D, Sancho Rossignol A, Cordero I, Lazeyras F, Ansermet F, Hüppi P, Schläpfer A, Rubia K, Brandeis D, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Giannoudas I, Verardo AR, La Porta P, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Tamura K, Karube C, Mizuba T, Matsufuji M, Takashima S, Iramina K, Assecondi S, Ostwald D, Bagshaw AP, Marecek R, Brazdil M, Lamos M, Slavícek T, Marecek R, Jan J, Meier NM, Perrig W, Koenig T, Minami T, Noritake Y, Nakauchi S, Azuma K, Minami T, Nakauchi S, Rodriguez C, Lenartowicz A, Cohen MS, Rodriguez C, Lenartowicz A, Cohen MS, Iramina K, Kinoshita H, Tamura K, Karube C, Kaneko M, Ide J, Noguchi Y, Cohen MS, Douglas PK, Rodriguez CM, Xia HJ, Zimmerman EM, Konopka CJ, Epstein PS, Konopka LM, Giezendanner S, Fisler M, Soravia L, Andreotti J, Wiest R, Dierks T, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Federspiel A, Dierks T, Hauf M, Jann K, Kamada K, Sato D, Ito Y, Okano K, Mizutani N, Kobayashi T, Thelen A, Murray M, Pastena L, Formaggio E, Storti SF, Faralli F, Melucci M, Gagliardi R, Ricciardi L, Ruffino G, Coito A, Macku P, Tyrand R, Astolfi L, He B, Wiest R, Seeck M, Michel C, Plomp G, Vulliemoz S, Fischmeister FPS, Glaser J, Schöpf V, Bauer H, Beisteiner R, Deligianni F, Centeno M, Carmichael DW, Clayden J, Mingoia G, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Wagner G, Smesny S, Scherpiet S, Maitra R, Gaser C, Sauer H, Nenadic I, Dürschmid S, Zaehle T, Pannek H, Chang HF, Voges J, Rieger J, Knight RT, Heinze HJ, Hinrichs H, Tsatsishvili V, Cong F, Puoliväli T, Alluri V, Toiviainen P, Nandi AK, Brattico E, Ristaniemi T, Grieder M, Crinelli RM, Jann K, Federspiel A, Wirth M, Koenig T, Stein M, Wahlund LO, Dierks T, Atsumori H, Yamaguchi R, Okano Y, Sato H, Funane T, Sakamoto K, Kiguchi M, Tränkner A, Schindler S, Schmidt F, Strauß M, Trampel R, Hegerl U, Turner R, Geyer S, Schönknecht P, Kebets V, van Assche M, Goldstein R, van der Meulen M, Vuilleumier P, Richiardi J, Van De Ville D, Assal F, Wozniak-Kwasniewska A, Szekely D, Harquel S, Bougerol T, David O, Bracht T, Jones DK, Horn H, Müller TJ, Walther S, Sos P, Klirova M, Novak T, Brunovsky M, Horacek J, Bares M, Hoschl C C, Fellhauer I, Zöllner FG, Schröder J, Kong L, Essig M, Schad LR, Arrubla J, Neuner I, Hahn D, Boers F, Shah NJ, Neuner I, Arrubla J, Hahn D, Boers F, Jon Shah N, Suriya Prakash M, Sharma R, Kawaguchi H, Kobayashi T, Fiedler P, Griebel S, Biller S, Fonseca C, Vaz F, Zentner L, Zanow F, Haueisen J, Rochas V, Rihs T, Thut G, Rosenberg N, Landis T, Michel C, Moliadze V, Schmanke T, Lyzhko E, Bassüner S, Freitag C, Siniatchkin M, Thézé R, Guggisberg AG, Nahum L, Schnider A, Meier L, Friedrich H, Jann K, Landis B, Wiest R, Federspiel A, Strik W, Dierks T, Witte M, Kober SE, Neuper C, Wood G, König R, Matysiak A, Kordecki W, Sieluzycki C, Zacharias N, Heil P, Wyss C, Boers F, Arrubla J, Dammers J, Kawohl W, Neuner I, Shah NJ, Braboszcz C, Cahn RB, Levy J, Fernandez M, Delorme A, Rosas-Martinez L, Milne E, Zheng Y, Urakami Y, Kawamura K, Washizawa Y, Hiyoshi K, Cichocki A, Giroud N, Dellwo V, Meyer M, Rufener KS, Liem F, Dellwo V, Meyer M, Jones-Rounds JD, Raizada R, Staljanssens W, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S, Pefkou M, Becker R, Michel C, Hervais-Adelman A, He W, Brock J, Johnson B, Ohla K, Hitz K, Heekeren K, Obermann C, Huber T, Juckel G, Kawohl W, Gabriel D, Comte A, Henriques J, Magnin E, Grigoryeva L, Ortega JP, Haffen E, Moulin T, Pazart L, Aubry R, Kukleta M, Baris Turak B, Louvel J, Crespo-Garcia M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Connell S, Kilborn K, Damborská A, Brázdil M, Rektor I, Kukleta M, Koberda JL, Bienkiewicz A, Koberda I, Koberda P, Moses A, Tomescu M, Rihs T, Britz J, Custo A, Grouiller F, Schneider M, Debbané M, Eliez S, Michel C, Wang GY, Kydd R, Wouldes TA, Jensen M, Russell BR, Dissanayaka N, Au T, Angwin A, O'Sullivan J, Byrne G, Silburn P, Marsh R, Mellic G, Copland D, Bänninger A, Kottlow M, Díaz Hernàndez L, Koenig T, Díaz Hernàndez L, Bänninger A, Koenig T, Hauser TU, Iannaccone R, Mathys C, Ball J, Drechsler R, Brandeis D, Walitza S, Brem S, Boeijinga PH, Pang EW, Valica T, Macdonald MJ, Oh A, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Verardo AR, Giannoudas I, La Porta P, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Shimada T, Matsuda Y, Monkawa A, Monkawa T, Hashimoto R, Watanabe K, Kawasaki Y, Matsuda Y, Shimada T, Monkawa T, Monkawa A, Watanabe K, Kawasaki Y, Stegmayer K, Horn H, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Bracht T, Laimböck K, Strik W, Dierks T, Wiest R, Müller TJ, Walther S, Koorenhof LJ, Swithenby SJ, Martins-Mourao A, Rihs TA, Tomescu M, Song KW, Custo A, Knebel JF, Murray M, Eliez S, Michel CM, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Vignapiano A, Montefusco V, Plescia GM, Gallo O, Romano P, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Laimboeck K, Jann K, Walther S, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Strik W, Horn H. Abstracts of Presentations at the International Conference on Basic and Clinical Multimodal Imaging (BaCI), a Joint Conference of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry (ISNIP), the International Society for Functional Source Imaging (ISFSI), the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism (ISBEM), the International Society for Brain Electromagnetic Topography (ISBET), and the EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS), in Geneva, Switzerland, September 5-8, 2013. Clin EEG Neurosci 2013; 44:1550059413507209. [PMID: 24368763 DOI: 10.1177/1550059413507209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J He
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chakraborti S, Bhattacharya S, Chowdhury R, Chakrabarti P. The molecular basis of inactivation of metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori using polyethyleneimine functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70776. [PMID: 23951006 PMCID: PMC3738536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the world wide prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, its potentially serious consequences, and the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains there is an urgent need for the development of alternative strategies to combat the infection. In this study it has been demonstrated that polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) inhibit the growth of a metronidazole-resistant strain of H. pylori and the molecular basis of the anti-bacterial activity of ZnO-PEI NP has been investigated. The ZnO-PEI NP was synthesized using a wet chemical method with a core size of approximately 3–7 nm. Internalization and distribution of ZnO-PEI NP without agglomeration was observed in H. pylori cytosol by electron microscopy. Several lines of evidence including scanning electron microscopy, propidium iodide uptake and ATP assay indicate severe membrane damage in ZnO-PEI NP treated H. pylori. Intracellular ROS generation increased rapidly following the treatment of H. pylori with ZnO-PEI NP and extensive degradation of 16S and 23S rRNA was observed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Finally, considerable synergy between ZnO-PEI NP and antibiotics was observed and it has been demonstrated that the concentration of ZnO-PEI NP (20 µg/ml) that is non-toxic to human cells could be used in combination with sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for the inhibition of H. pylori growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurabh Bhattacharya
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (RC); (PC)
| | - Pinak Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (RC); (PC)
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Baena C, Olandoski M, Younge JO, Buitrago-Lopez DA, Darweesh S, Campos N, Sedaghat S, Faria-Neto JR, Chowdhury R, Franco OH. Effects of lifestyle-related interventions on blood pressure in the low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pradhan S, Mallick SK, Chowdhury R. Vibrio cholerae classical biotype is converted to the viable non-culturable state when cultured with the El Tor biotype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53504. [PMID: 23326443 PMCID: PMC3541145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique event in bacterial epidemiology was the emergence of the El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 and the subsequent rapid displacement of the existing classical biotype as the predominant cause of epidemic cholera. We demonstrate that when the El Tor and classical biotypes were cocultured in standard laboratory medium a precipitous decline in colony forming units (CFU) of the classical biotype occurred in a contact dependent manner. Several lines of evidence including DNA release, microscopy and flow cytometric analysis indicated that the drastic reduction in CFU of the classical biotype in cocultures was not accompanied by lysis, although when the classical biotype was grown individually in monocultures, lysis of the cells occurred concomitant with decrease in CFU starting from late stationary phase. Furthermore, uptake of a membrane potential sensitive dye and protection of genomic DNA from extracellular DNase strongly suggested that the classical biotype cells in cocultures retained viability in spite of loss of culturability. These results suggest that coculturing the classical biotype with the El Tor biotype protects the former from lysis allowing the cells to remain viable in spite of the loss of culturability. The stationary phase sigma factor RpoS may have a role in the loss of culturability of the classical biotype in cocultures. Although competitive exclusion of closely related strains has been reported for several bacterial species, conversion of the target bacterial population to the viable non-culturable state has not been demonstrated previously and may have important implications in the evolution of bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Pradhan
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjaya K. Mallick
- CU-BD Center of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology, Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rukhsana Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Ashbolt S, Aryal S, Petrone K, McIntosh BS, Maheepala S, Chowdhury R, Gardner T. Can stormwater harvesting restore pre-development flows in urban catchments in South East Queensland? Water Sci Technol 2013; 67:446-451. [PMID: 23168648 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increases in the impervious area due to urbanisation have been shown to have negative impacts on the physical and ecological condition of streams, primarily through increased volume and frequency of runoff. The harvesting and detention of runoff has a potential to decrease this impact. This paper describes the effects of urbanisation on catchment flow and of stormwater harvesting on reducing those adverse impacts on a stream in South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. A largely undeveloped catchment located southeast of Brisbane city was calibrated and validated using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). This model was used to investigate the effect of a range of future increases in urbanisation (represented by impervious area) on stream hydrology as well as the potential of stormwater harvesting to return the catchments to predevelopment flow conditions. Stormwater harvesting was modelled according to flow frequency measures specified in current SEQ development guidelines. These guidelines stipulate the capture of the first 10 mm of runoff from impervious areas of 0-40% and the first 15 mm from impervious areas of 40% or greater for urban developments. We found that increases in the impervious area resulted in increases in the mean, frequency and duration of high flows, and an increase in the mean rate of rise and fall for storm events in the catchment. However, the predevelopment (non-urbanised) flow distribution was very flashy in comparison with all urbanised scenarios; i.e. it had the quickest response to rainfall indicated by a high rate of rise to and fall from peak flow volume, followed by a return to zero flow conditions. Capturing the runoff according to the development guidelines resulted in a reduction in flow towards the flow distribution of a lower impervious area, however this was insufficient to meet predevelopment conditions. This suggests a stronger influence of impervious areas in this catchment on the volume of runoff than flow frequency measures are able to ameliorate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashbolt
- CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 56, Highett, Victoria, 3190, Australia.
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Chowdhury R, Abbas A, Idriz S, Hoy A, Rutherford E, Smart J. Should warfarin or aspirin be stopped prior to prostate biopsy? An analysis of bleeding complications related to increasing sample number regimes. Clin Radiol 2012; 67:e64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kuske R, Chowdhury R, Snyder M, de la Vega A, Sadeghi A. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Select Breast Cancers in the Presence of Augmentation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wahab Khan M, Jahangir Alam M, Rashid M, Chowdhury R. Corrigendum to “A new structural alternative in benzo[b]furans for antimicrobial activity” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. 13 (2005) 4796–4805]. Bioorg Med Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chowdhury R, Di Angelantonio E, Franco O, Danesh J. 38 VITAMIN D AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Maturitas 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(12)70042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma A, Duan M, Chowdhury R, Graiser M, Zhang H, Langston A, Lonial S, Flowers C, Haight A, Waller E. BI-Modal Age Distribution of Patients with Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Correlates with Markedly Inferior Survival Among Patients Age 35 Years and Older. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
We propose an analytical formulation to extract from energy equivalence principles the equivalent thickness and in-plane mechanical properties (tensile and shear rigidity, and Poisson's ratio) of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets. The model developed provides not only very good agreement with existing data available in the open literature from experimental, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, but also highlights the specific deformation mechanisms existing in boron nitride sheets, and their difference with carbon-based graphitic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boldrin
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK.
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