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Pound M, Massey H, Roseneil S, Williamson R, Harper CM, Tipton M, Shawe J, Felton M, Harper JC. How do women feel cold water swimming affects their menstrual and perimenopausal symptoms? Post Reprod Health 2024; 30:11-27. [PMID: 38271095 DOI: 10.1177/20533691241227100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine how women felt cold water swimming affected their menstrual and perimenopausal symptoms. STUDY DESIGN An online survey that asked women who regularly swim in cold water about their experiences. The survey was advertised for 2 months on social media. Questions related to cold water swimming habits and menstrual and perimenopausal symptoms were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative and qualitative data including; frequency of menstrual and menopause symptoms, the effect of cold water swimming on these symptoms. RESULTS 1114 women completed the survey. Women reported that cold water swimming reduced their menstrual symptoms, notably psychological symptoms such as anxiety (46.7%), mood swings (37.7%) and irritability (37.6%). Perimenopausal women reported a significant improvement in anxiety (46.9%), mood swings (34.5%), low mood (31.1%) and hot flushes (30.3%). The majority of women with symptoms swam specifically to reduce these symptoms (56.4% for period and 63.3% for perimenopause symptoms). Women said they felt it was the physical and mental effects of the cold water that helped their symptoms. For the free text question, five themes were identified: the calming and mood-boosting effect of the water, companionship and community, period improvements, an improvement in hot flushes and an overall health improvement. CONCLUSION Women felt that cold water swimming had a positive overall effect on menstrual and perimenopause symptoms. Studies on other forms of exercise to relieve menstrual and perimenopause symptoms may show similar findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Pound
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Massey
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | | | - C Mark Harper
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
- Sørlandet Sykehus, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Mike Tipton
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jill Shawe
- University of Plymouth and Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Cornwall, UK
| | - Malika Felton
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Joyce C Harper
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Yankouskaya A, Massey H, Totman JJ, Lai LH, Williamson R. The Effects of Whole-body Cold-water Immersion on Brain Connectivity Related to the Affective State in Adults Using fMRI: A Protocol of a Pre-post Experimental Design. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4794. [PMID: 37719079 PMCID: PMC10502154 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of behavioural studies indicates that regular swimming in cold water has positive effects on mental health and wellbeing, such as reducing fatigue, improving mood, and lessening depressive symptoms. Moreover, some studies reported immediate effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) on elevating mood and increasing a positive emotional state. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. The lack of studies using neuroimaging techniques to investigate how a whole-body CWI affects neural processes has partly resulted from the lack of a tested experimental protocol. Previous protocols administered tonic limb cooling (1-10 °C) while recording functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) signals. However, using very low water temperature constitutes points of contrast to painful experiences that are different from what we experience after a whole-body head-out CWI. In our protocol, healthy adults unhabituated to cold water were scanned twice: immediately before (pre-CWI) and after (post-CWI) immersion in cold water (water temperature 20 °C) for 5 min. We recorded cardiac and ventilatory responses to CWI and assessed self-reported changes in positive and negative affects. Our protocol showed reliable changes in brain connectivity after a short exposure to cold water, thus enabling its use as a tested experimental framework in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Yankouskaya
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Heather Massey
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport
Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Heath, Spinnaker Building,
Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
| | - John James Totman
- Department Radiography and Medical Imaging, Fatima
College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lin Hui Lai
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport
Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Heath, Spinnaker Building,
Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
| | - Ruth Williamson
- University Hospitals Dorset, NHS Foundation Trust,
Castle Lane East, Bournemouth, UK
- Bournemouth University, Poole House, Fern Barrow,
Poole, Dorset, UK
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Brown N, Williamson R, Broom M, Kearns R. P.13 Following the data - what have we learned from obstetric cases of the delta variant in Glasgow? Int J Obstet Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brown N, Williamson R, Broom M, Kearns R. P.14 Vaccine uptake in the obstetric population - too little too late? Int J Obstet Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Omori Y, Baxter E, Chang C, Kirk D, Alarcon A, Bernstein G, Bleem L, Cawthon R, Choi A, Chown R, Crawford T, Davis C, De Vicente J, DeRose J, Dodelson S, Eifler T, Fosalba P, Friedrich O, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Giannantonio T, Gruen D, Hartley W, Holder G, Hoyle B, Huterer D, Jain B, Jarvis M, Krause E, MacCrann N, Miquel R, Prat J, Rau M, Reichardt C, Rozo E, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Secco L, Sheldon E, Simard G, Troxel M, Vielzeuf P, Wechsler R, Zuntz J, Abbott T, Abdalla F, Allam S, Annis J, Avila S, Aylor K, Benson B, Bertin E, Bridle S, Brooks D, Burke D, Carlstrom J, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander F, Chang C, Cho HM, Crites A, Crocce M, Cunha C, da Costa L, de Haan T, Desai S, Diehl H, Dietrich J, Dobbs M, Everett W, Fernandez E, Flaugher B, Frieman J, García-Bellido J, George E, Gruendl R, Gutierrez G, Halverson N, Harrington N, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, Holzapfel W, Hou Z, Hrubes J, James D, Jeltema T, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lima M, Lin H, Lee A, Leitch E, Luong-Van D, Maia M, Manzotti A, Marrone D, Marshall J, Martini P, McMahon J, Melchior P, Menanteau F, Meyer S, Mocanu L, Mohr J, Natoli T, Ogando R, Padin S, Plazas A, Pryke C, Romer A, Roodman A, Ruhl J, Rykoff E, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Schaffer K, Schindler R, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Shirokoff E, Smith M, Smith R, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Staniszewski Z, Stark A, Story K, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tarle G, Thomas D, Vanderlinde K, Vieira J, Vikram V, Walker A, Weller J, Williamson R, Wu W, Zahn O. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cross-correlation between Dark Energy Survey Y1 galaxy weak lensing and South Pole Telescope
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CMB weak lensing. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.043517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cebral JR, Detmer F, Chung BJ, Choque-Velasquez J, Rezai B, Lehto H, Tulamo R, Hernesniemi J, Niemela M, Yu A, Williamson R, Aziz K, Shakur S, Amin-Hanjani S, Charbel F, Tobe Y, Robertson A, Frösen J. Local Hemodynamic Conditions Associated with Focal Changes in the Intracranial Aneurysm Wall. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:510-516. [PMID: 30733253 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aneurysm hemodynamics has been associated with wall histology and inflammation. We investigated associations between local hemodynamics and focal wall changes visible intraoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computational fluid dynamics models were constructed from 3D images of 65 aneurysms treated surgically. Aneurysm regions with different visual appearances were identified in intraoperative videos: 1) "atherosclerotic" (yellow), 2) "hyperplastic" (white), 3) "thin" (red), 4) rupture site, and 5) "normal" (similar to parent artery), They were marked on 3D reconstructions. Regional hemodynamics was characterized by the following: wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time, wall shear stress gradient and divergence, gradient oscillatory number, and dynamic pressure; these were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Hyperplastic regions had lower average wall shear stress (P = .005) and pressure (P = .009) than normal regions. Flow conditions in atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions were similar but had higher average relative residence time (P = .03) and oscillatory shear index (P = .04) than thin regions. Hyperplastic regions also had a higher average gradient oscillatory number (P = .002) than thin regions. Thin regions had lower average relative residence time (P < .001), oscillatory shear index (P = .006), and gradient oscillatory number (P < .001) than normal regions, and higher average wall shear stress (P = .006) and pressure (P = .009) than hyperplastic regions. Thin regions tended to be aligned with the flow stream, while atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions tended to be aligned with recirculation zones. CONCLUSIONS Local hemodynamics is associated with visible focal wall changes. Slow swirling flow with low and oscillatory wall shear stress was associated with atherosclerotic and hyperplastic changes. High flow conditions prevalent in regions near the flow impingement site characterized by higher and less oscillatory wall shear stress were associated with local "thinning" of the wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Cebral
- From the Department of Bioengineering (J.R.C., F.D., B.J.C.), Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - F Detmer
- From the Department of Bioengineering (J.R.C., F.D., B.J.C.), Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - B J Chung
- From the Department of Bioengineering (J.R.C., F.D., B.J.C.), Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - J Choque-Velasquez
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Rezai
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Lehto
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Tulamo
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Vascular Surgery (R.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Hernesniemi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Niemela
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.Y., R.W., K.A.), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - R Williamson
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.Y., R.W., K.A.), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - K Aziz
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.Y., R.W., K.A.), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S Shakur
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S., S.A.-H., F.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Amin-Hanjani
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S., S.A.-H., F.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - F Charbel
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S., S.A.-H., F.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Y Tobe
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Bioengineering (Y.T., A.R.), Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A Robertson
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Bioengineering (Y.T., A.R.), Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - J Frösen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group (J.F.), Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Brooks PM, Vaux DL, Williamson R. Australia needs an Ombudsman or Office for Research Integrity. Intern Med J 2017; 46:1233-1235. [PMID: 27734623 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Brooks
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D L Vaux
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Williamson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sousa AR, Marshall RP, Warnock LC, Bolton S, Hastie A, Symon F, Hargadon B, Marshall H, Richardson M, Brightling CE, Haldar P, Milone R, Chalk P, Williamson R, Panettieri R, Knowles R, Bleecker ER, Wardlaw AJ. Responsiveness to oral prednisolone in severe asthma is related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:890-899. [PMID: 28493293 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe asthma appear relatively corticosteroid resistant. Corticosteroid responsiveness is closely related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation. The extent to which eosinophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma responds to treatment with systemic corticosteroids is not clear. OBJECTIVE To relate the physiological and inflammatory response to systemic corticosteroids in asthma to disease severity and the baseline extent of eosinophilic inflammation. METHODS Patients with mild/moderate and severe asthma were investigated before and after 2 weeks of oral prednisolone (Clintrials.gov NCT00331058 and NCT00327197). We pooled the results from two studies with common protocols. The US study contained two independent centres and the UK one independent centre. The effect of oral corticosteroids on FEV1 , Pc20, airway inflammation and serum cytokines was investigated. Baseline measurements were compared with healthy subjects. RESULTS Thirty-two mild/moderate asthmatics, 50 severe asthmatics and 35 healthy subjects took part. At baseline, both groups of asthmatics had a lower FEV1 and Pc20 and increased eosinophilic inflammation compared to healthy subjects. The severe group had a lower FEV1 and more eosinophilic inflammation compared to mild/moderate asthmatics. Oral prednisolone caused a similar degree of suppression of eosinophilic inflammation in all compartments in both groups of asthmatics. There were small improvements in FEV1 and Pc20 for both mild/ moderate and severe asthmatics with a correlation between the baseline eosinophilic inflammation and the change in FEV1 . There was a ~50% reduction in the serum concentration of CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL22 (MDC), CCL17 (TARC), CCL-2 (MCP-1) and CCL-13 (MCP-4) in both asthma groups after oral corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Disease severity does not influence the response to systemic corticosteroids. The study does not therefore support the concept that severe asthma is associated with corticosteroid resistance. Only baseline eosinophilic inflammation was associated with the physiological response to corticosteroids, confirming the importance of measuring eosinophilic inflammation to guide corticosteroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sousa
- GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - S Bolton
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - A Hastie
- Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine, Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - F Symon
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - B Hargadon
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - H Marshall
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - M Richardson
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - C E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - P Haldar
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - R Milone
- GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage, Stevenage, UK
| | - P Chalk
- Knowles Consulting, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - R Panettieri
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - E R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine, Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - A J Wardlaw
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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ap Dafydd D, Williamson R, Blunt P, Blunt DM. Development of training-related health care software by a team of clinical educators: their experience, from conception to piloting. Adv Med Educ Pract 2016; 7:635-640. [PMID: 27853396 PMCID: PMC5106184 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The difficulties of producing useful, bespoke, and affordable information technology systems for large health care organizations are well publicized, following several high-profile endeavors in the UK. This article describes the experience of a small group of clinical radiologists and their collaborators in producing an information technology system - from conception to piloting. This system, called Trainee Tracker, enables automated target date recalculation of trainee milestones, depending on their work patterns and other individual circumstances. It utilizes an automated email alert system to notify the educational supervisors and trainees of approaching and elapsed target dates, in order to identify trainees in difficulty early and address their training needs accordingly. The challenges and advantages, both common to and contrasting with larger-scale projects, are also considered. The benefits of the development team's "agile" approach to software development and the lessons learned will be of interest to medical educators, particularly those with expertise in e-portfolios and other training-related software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derfel ap Dafydd
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | | | | | - Dominic M Blunt
- Imaging Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Luo Y, Liao Z, Jiang W, Gomez D, Williamson R, Court L, Yang J. TU-H-CAMPUS-JeP2-05: Can Automatic Delineation of Cardiac Substructures On Noncontrast CT Be Used for Cardiac Toxicity Analysis? Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Khurana S, Ravi A, Sutula J, Milone R, Williamson R, Plumb J, Vestbo J, Singh D. Clinical characteristics and airway inflammation profile of COPD persistent sputum producers. Respir Med 2015; 108:1761-70. [PMID: 25459449 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD patients with chronic bronchitis include a subgroup with persistent sputum production on most or every day. We hypothesized that COPD patients with persistent sputum production have a different profile of airway inflammation, and more severe clinical characteristics. OBJECTIVE To compare the airway inflammation profile and clinical characteristics of COPD persistent and non-persistent sputum producers. METHODS COPD persistent sputum producers (n = 26) and non-persistent sputum producers (n = 26) underwent sputum induction and pulmonary function tests. Exacerbation history was recorded; the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea scale and COPD Assessment Tool were completed. 33 COPD patients provided sputum for bacteriology. RESULTS Persistent sputum producers had lower post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted (p = 0.01), diffusion capacity (p = 0.04), 6 min walk test distance (p = 0.05), and higher closing volume (p = 0.01), BODE index (p = 0.01), rate of bacterial colonization (p = 0.004) and exacerbations (p = 0.03) compared to non-persistent sputum producers. The mean SGRQ and CAT scores were higher in persistent sputum producers (p = 0.01 and 0.03 respectively). Sputum neutrophil and eosinophil total cell counts were higher in persistent sputum producers (p = 0.02 and 0.05 respectively). Sputum levels of eotaxin (p = 0.02), MCP-1 (p = 0.02), TNF-α (p = 0.03) and IL-6 (p = 0.05) were higher in persistent sputum producers. CONCLUSION COPD persistent sputum producers have more severe clinical characteristics and increased concentrations of some inflammatory mediators in the airways.
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Baxter EJ, Keisler R, Dodelson S, Aird KA, Allen SW, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, Dietrich JP, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, Hennig C, Hoekstra H, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hou Z, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Millea M, Mocanu LM, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Song J, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mehta P, Davy K, Williamson R, Rao R, Tak PP. THU0124 Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials of Biologics in DMARD-Naïve and DMARD-Inadequate Responder Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Efficacy and Safety. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Borley J, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Yazbek J, Williamson R, Bharwani N, Stewart V, Carson I, Hird E, McIndoe A, Farthing A, Blagden S, Ghaem-Maghami S. Radiological predictors of cytoreductive outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. BJOG 2015; 122:843-849. [PMID: 25132394 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess site of disease on preoperative computed tomography (CT) to predict surgical debulking in patients with ovarian cancer. DESIGN Two-phase retrospective cohort study. SETTING West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, UK. POPULATION Women with stage 3 or 4, ovarian, fallopian or primary peritoneal cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery. METHODS Preoperative CT images were reviewed by experienced radiologists to assess the presence or absence of disease at predetermined sites. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression models determined sites of disease which were significantly associated with surgical outcomes in the test (n = 111) and validation (n = 70) sets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity and specificity of CT in predicting surgical outcome. RESULTS Stepwise logistic regression identified that the presence of lung metastasis, pleural effusion, deposits on the large-bowel mesentery and small-bowel mesentery, and infrarenal para-aortic nodes were associated with debulking status. Logistic regression determined a surgical predictive score which was able to significantly predict suboptimal debulking (n = 94, P = 0.0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.749 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.652, 0.846) and a sensitivity of 69.2%, specificity of 71.4%, positive predictive value of 75.0% and negative predictive value of 65.2%. These results remained significant in a recent validation set. There was a significant difference in residual disease volume in the test and validation sets (P < 0.001) in keeping with improved optimal debulking rates. CONCLUSIONS The presence of disease at some sites on preoperative CT scan is significantly associated with suboptimal debulking and may be an indication for a change in surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Borley
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - J Yazbek
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Williamson
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Bharwani
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - V Stewart
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I Carson
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E Hird
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A McIndoe
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Farthing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Blagden
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
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Bocquet S, Saro A, Mohr JJ, Aird KA, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Bazin G, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, de Haan T, Dietrich JP, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, Gangkofner D, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hennig C, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. MASS CALIBRATION AND COSMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPT-SZ GALAXY CLUSTER SAMPLE USING VELOCITY DISPERSION σvAND X-RAYYXMEASUREMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Bleem LE, Stalder B, de Haan T, Aird KA, Allen SW, Applegate DE, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, Dietrich JP, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hennig C, Hoekstra H, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Schrabback T, Shirokoff E, Song J, Spieler HG, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. GALAXY CLUSTERS DISCOVERED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN THE 2500-SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/216/2/27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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George EM, Reichardt CL, Aird KA, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Dudley J, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hou Z, Hrubes JD, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Millea M, Mocanu LM, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Ruhl JE, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Williamson R, Zahn O. A MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES FROM THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Saliwanchik BR, Montroy TE, Aird KA, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Nurgaliev D, Padin S, Patej A, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. MEASUREMENT OF GALAXY CLUSTER INTEGRATED COMPTONIZATION AND MASS SCALING RELATIONS WITH THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McDonald M, Benson BA, Vikhlinin A, Aird KA, Allen SW, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Miller ED, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. THE REDSHIFT EVOLUTION OF THE MEAN TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND ENTROPY PROFILES IN 80 SPT-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/794/1/67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rockne R, Bacchus I, Bridge C, Brown P, Corwin D, Desai B, Hendrickson K, Kim M, Kokkinos E, Mehta M, Marymont M, Rockhill J, Rosenberg A, Trister A, Williams C, Williamson R, Young L, Swanson K. An Evaluation of Multi-Institutional Data-Transfer to Facilitate Personalized Computational Modeling. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ruel J, Bazin G, Bayliss M, Brodwin M, Foley RJ, Stalder B, Aird KA, Armstrong R, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chapman SC, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, High FW, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Joy M, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Murray SS, Natoli T, Nurgaliev D, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Song J, Šuhada R, Spieler HG, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Starsk AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AND VELOCITY DISPERSIONS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS FROM THE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sudderuddin S, Helbren E, Telesca M, Williamson R, Rockall A. MRI appearances of benign uterine disease. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:1095-104. [PMID: 25017452 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Benign uterine disease is a common entity affecting women of all ages. Ultrasound has historically been the predominant imaging method used in the evaluation of benign gynaecological disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being reserved for use in the staging of malignant uterine and cervical disease. MRI is now increasingly used in the diagnosis of benign uterine disease as well as a tool for problem-solving in cases of diagnostic dilemma. It allows detailed assessment of benign conditions, such as endometrial lesions, leiomyomas, and adenomyosis, and can be helpful in the stratification of patients to different treatment modalities, including surgical resection, uterine artery embolization, and medical therapies. In this article, we review the MRI findings in the common benign uterine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sudderuddin
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
| | - E Helbren
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - M Telesca
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - R Williamson
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - A Rockall
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
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23
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Williamson R, Yang J, Timmerman R, Court L. SU-E-J-169: Process for QA of Normal Tissue Delineation and Reported Doses in Clinical Trials. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dani S, Sudderuddin S, Ralleigh G, Zaman N, Gupta A, Barrett N, Cunningham D, Faissola B, Comitis S, Svensson W, Lim A, Williamson R, Stewart V. PB.26: Significance of flat epithelial atypia at image guided breast biopsy. Breast Cancer Res 2013. [PMCID: PMC3980534 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yang J, Xu T, Tucker S, Williamson R, Liao Z, Court L. SU-E-T-280: CT Texture Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Is Not Predictive of SNP Status. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Court L, Zhang L, Liao Z, Mohan R, Chen Y, Balter P. SU-E-J-197: Tracking Tumor Response Over Treatment Course in IMRT and Proton Patients. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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28
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Seaton T, Khan S, Stewart V, Ralliegh G, Zaman N, Barrett N, Comitis S, Gupta A, Svensson W, Lim A, Williamson R, Cunningham D. PB.32: Does vacuum-assisted biopsy decrease the B3 rate in stereotactic biopsy of breast lesions? Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15. [PMCID: PMC3980755 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Seaton
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - S Khan
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - V Stewart
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - G Ralliegh
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - N Zaman
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - N Barrett
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - S Comitis
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - A Gupta
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - W Svensson
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - A Lim
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - R Williamson
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
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29
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McNeilly AD, Williamson R, Balfour DJK, Stewart CA, Sutherland C. A high-fat-diet-induced cognitive deficit in rats that is not prevented by improving insulin sensitivity with metformin. Diabetologia 2012; 55:3061-70. [PMID: 22898768 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We previously demonstrated that animals fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 10 weeks developed insulin resistance and behavioural inflexibility. We hypothesised that intervention with metformin would diminish the HF-feeding-evoked cognitive deficit by improving insulin sensitivity. METHODS Rats were trained in an operant-based matching and non-matching to position task (MTP/NMTP). Animals received an HF (45% of kJ as lard; n = 24), standard chow (SC; n = 16), HF + metformin (144 mg/kg in diet; n = 20) or SC + metformin (144 mg/kg in diet; n = 16) diet for 10 weeks before retesting. Body weight and plasma glucose, insulin and leptin were measured. Protein lysates from various brain areas were analysed for alterations in intracellular signalling or production of synaptic proteins. RESULTS HF-fed animals developed insulin resistance and an impairment in switching task contingency from matching to non-matching paradigm. Metformin attenuated the insulin resistance and weight gain associated with HF feeding, but had no effect on performance in either MTP or NMTP tasks. No major alteration in proteins associated with insulin signalling or synaptic function was detected in response to HF diet in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum or cortex. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Metformin prevented the metabolic but not cognitive alterations associated with HF feeding. The HF diet protocol did not change basal insulin signalling in the brain, suggesting that the brain did not develop insulin resistance. These findings indicate that HF diet has deleterious effects on neuronal function over and above those related to insulin resistance and suggest that weight loss may not be sufficient to reverse some damaging effects of poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D McNeilly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Abstract
Low-dose heparin prophylaxis reduces postoperative death from fatal pulmonary embolism and its long-term anti-cancer effect has now been assessed in a retrospective study of 1250 patients, 336 of whom (30%) underwent operation for cancer. There was a striking reduction in three year mortality amongst those patients who received low dose heparin compared to unteated controls (7.6% vs. 12.5%, P=0.005). Death from disseminated malignancy was halved (9.2% vs. 21.4%). The mechanism remains unclear, but may reflect either the antithrombotic actions of heparin or a direct antitumour cell effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kakkar
- PRINCE WALES HOSP,BRIDGEND,M GLAM,WALES. THROMBOSIS RES INST,LONDON SW3 6LR,ENGLAND
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Leung H, Hughes C, Kloppel G, Williamson R, Lemoine N. Localization of expression of fibroblast growth-factors and their receptors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by in-situ hybridization. Int J Oncol 2012; 4:1219-23. [PMID: 21567040 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.4.6.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors may play a role in autocrine or paracrine growth control of tumour cells. We have now examined the expression pattern in vivo by in situ hybridization (ISH) on a series of 13 ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas using the non-radioactive digoxigenin system to generate specific antisense orientated riboprobes for FGF-1 and FGF-2, and the four FGFRs (FGFR-1, -2, -3 and -4). We confirmed the expression of both FGF/FGFR by tumour cells, with the potential of a potential autocrine loops in 46% of the cases studied. FGF-2 and FGFR-3 were the most commonly expressed ligand and receptor (46% and 76% respectively). Endothelial cells lining vessels within an around invasive tumours were frequently positive for expression of FGFR-1 and/or FGFR-3. In the normal pancreas remote from the tumour, the acinar cells were found to have a heterogeneous expression pattern for FGFRs while duct cells, islet cells and stromal components including nerves and vascular endothelium were negative. The data suggest a role for FGFs and their high affinity receptors in the control of growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its supporting stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leung
- HAMMERSMITH HOSP,ROYAL POSTGRAD MED SCH,ICRF ONCOL UNIT,LONDON W12 0NN,ENGLAND. ACAD HOSP JETTE,DEPT PATHOL,B-1090 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. HAMMERSMITH HOSP,ROYAL POSTGRAD MED SCH,DEPT SURG,LONDON W12 0NN,ENGLAND
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Williamson R. Scientists complete miRNA profiling of carcinogen-induced and spinach-fed colon tumors. Epigenomics 2012; 4:480. [PMID: 23275981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
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McDonald M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Foley RJ, Ruel J, Sullivan P, Veilleux S, Aird KA, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bazin G, Bleem LE, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Egami E, Forman WR, Garmire GP, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, High FW, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hoover S, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Joy M, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Miller ED, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Murray SS, Natoli T, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Rawle TD, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Rex M, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Simcoe R, Song J, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Šuhada R, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. A massive, cooling-flow-induced starburst in the core of a luminous cluster of galaxies. Nature 2012; 488:349-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dobbs MA, Lueker M, Aird KA, Bender AN, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clarke J, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Flanigan DI, de Haan T, George EM, Halverson NW, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Johnson BR, Joseph J, Keisler R, Kennedy J, Kermish Z, Lanting TM, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Luong-Van D, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Montroy TE, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Richards PL, Ruhl JE, Schaffer KK, Schwan D, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vu C, Westbrook B, Williamson R. Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:073113. [PMID: 22852677 DOI: 10.1063/1.4737629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A technological milestone for experiments employing transition edge sensor bolometers operating at sub-Kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s-1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each bolometer within the module is biased with a unique ∼MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with superconducting quantum interference devices operating at 4 K. Room temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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Niedzielski J, Bluett J, Williamson R, Liao Z, Gomez D, Court L. SU-E-T-575: To Analyze the Clinical Impact of Esophageal Sparing on Treatment Plans for Patients with Grade 3 Esophagitis. Med Phys 2012; 39:3838. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Bluett J, Niedzielski J, Liao Z, Gomez D, Court L. SU-E-T-558: Assessing the Effect of Inter-Fractional Motion in Esophageal Sparing Plans. Med Phys 2012; 39:3834. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Li HK, Harding V, Williamson R, Blagden S, Gabra H, Agarwal R. Cerebral sinus thrombosis and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011; 30:e19-20. [PMID: 22162572 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.38.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Kwong Li
- Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Hughes EK, Nassar L, Lim A, Barrett N, Comitis S, Cunningham D, Flais S, Gupta A, Ralleigh G, Stewart V, Svensson W, Williamson R, Zaman N, Satchithananda K. Automated breast volume scanner: an initial experience. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13 Suppl 1:O1-6, P1-47. [PMID: 22151232 PMCID: PMC3238232 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Sutherland C. Neuronal membranes are key to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: the role of both raft and non-raft membrane domains. Curr Alzheimer Res 2011; 8:213-21. [PMID: 21222605 DOI: 10.2174/156720511795256008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane rafts are sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Membrane rafts isolated from post-mortem AD brain are enriched in both β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau. Proteolytic processing of APP to generate β-amyloid, the principle component of amyloid plaques, can occur in membrane rafts, implicating them in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Secondary to their role in β-amyloid generation, membrane rafts have more recently been implicated in the accumulation, aggregation and degradation of β-amyloid, with evidence supporting a specific role for membrane raft gangliosides in the binding and aggregation of β-amyloid. In addition, membrane domain composition has a direct impact on both the generation of β-amyloid and its subsequent toxic actions and as such is a key target for the development of therapeutic strategies. This mini-review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the relevance of membrane composition, of both raft and non-raft domains, to AD progression in models and in human disease. We will discuss how manipulation of membrane composition can alter both the proteolytic processing of APP and the subsequent binding and aggregation of β-amyloid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Williamson
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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Morling J, Williamson R, Strachan M, Price J, Glancy S, Nee L. P2-201 Changes in aminotransferases indicate changes in hepatosteatosis in people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976j.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Morling J, Williamson R, Strachan M, Price J, Nee L, Glancy S. P2-202 Thiazolidinediones are associated with regression of hepatosteatosis in people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976j.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yang J, Williamson R, Garden A, Rosenthal D, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ang K, Dong L. SU-E-J-99: Multi-Atlas Based Auto-Segmentation of Low-Risk Clinical Target Volume (CTV) for Head-and-Neck Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shah V, Panay N, Williamson R, Hemingway A. Hysterosalpingogram: an essential examination following Essure hysteroscopic sterilisation. Br J Radiol 2010; 84:805-12. [PMID: 21123309 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/95330860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe our experience of imaging following hysteroscopic sterilisation with the Essure (Conceptus Inc., Mountain View, San Carlos, CA) microinsert, and to underline the importance of a carefully performed follow-up hysterosalpingogram (HSG) in the management of these patients. METHODS 18 women underwent the procedure and all returned for follow-up HSG. A standard HSG technique was used and views were acquired to establish microinsert position and tubal occlusion. RESULTS In 16 of the 18 women, adequate microinsert positioning and bilateral tubal occlusion was present. In one woman, a unilateral microinsert occluded the fallopian tube, whereas the other fallopian tube was ligated with a clip. The final patient underwent two studies; both showed well-positioned microinserts but unilateral free spill from the right fallopian tube. There are no reported pregnancies thus far. CONCLUSION Essure sterilisation coils have a unique appearance when radiographed and are an effective means of permanently occluding the fallopian tubes. HSG is a rapid and safe method of confirming satisfactory placement and tubal occlusion. Non-HSG imaging techniques are suboptimal at detecting patent fallopian tubes and expose patients to the risk of an unwanted and potentially complicated pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shah
- Department of Imaging, Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Williamson R. The isolation of rapidly labelled deoxyribonucleic acid fragments of nuclear origin from the polyribosome fraction of cultured embryonic liver cells. Biochem J 2010; 117:59P-60P. [PMID: 16742698 PMCID: PMC1178991 DOI: 10.1042/bj1170059pb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Williamson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Hill Street, Glasgow C.3, U.K
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Williamson R. Life & Death. West J Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zaibak F, Kozlovski J, Vadolas J, Sarsero JP, Williamson R, Howden SE. Integration of functional bacterial artificial chromosomes into human cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells. Gene Ther 2009; 16:404-14. [PMID: 19177134 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells from a patient with a genetic disease could be used for cell therapy if it were possible to insert a functional copy of the defective gene. In this study, we investigate the transfection and subsequent integration of large genomic fragments into human cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells. We describe for the first time the creation of clonal stem cells carrying a human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing the Friedreich ataxia locus with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene fused to exon 5a of the frataxin (FXN) gene. Integration of the BAC into the host cell genome was confirmed by PCR, Southern blot and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. Reverse transcription-PCR and flow cytometry confirmed expression of FXN-EGFP. Correct mitochondrial localization of the protein was confirmed using fluorescent microscopy. The transfected stem cells also retained the ability to differentiate into cells from all three germline layers, as demonstrated by the capacity to form neuron-specific beta-tubulin-expressing cells, Alizarin Red S-positive bone-like cells, and epithelial-like cells expressing surfactant protein C. This is the first study to demonstrate that cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells may be useful targets for gene therapy applications using large genomic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zaibak
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Büchler MW, Seiler CM, Monson JRT, Flamant Y, Thompson-Fawcett MW, Byrne MM, Mortensen ER, Altman JFB, Williamson R. Clinical trial: alvimopan for the management of post-operative ileus after abdominal surgery: results of an international randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled clinical study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28:312-25. [PMID: 19086236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-operative ileus (POI) affects most patients undergoing abdominal surgery. AIM To evaluate the effect of alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, on POI by negating the impact of opioids on gastrointestinal (GI) motility without affecting analgesia in patients outside North America. METHODS Adult subjects undergoing open abdominal surgery (n = 911) randomly received oral alvimopan 6 or 12 mg, or placebo, 2 h before, and twice daily following surgery. Opioids were administered as intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) or bolus injection. Time to recovery of GI function was assessed principally using composite endpoints in subjects undergoing bowel resection (n = 738). RESULTS A nonsignificant reduction in mean time to tolerate solid food and either first flatus or bowel movement (primary endpoint) was observed for both alvimopan 6 and 12 mg; 8.5 h (95% CI: 0.9, 16.0) and 4.8 h (95% CI: -3.2, 12.8), respectively. However, an exploratory post hoc analysis showed that alvimopan was more effective in the PCA (n = 317) group than in the non-PCA (n = 318) group. Alvimopan was well tolerated and did not reverse analgesia. CONCLUSION Although the significant clinical effect of alvimopan on reducing POI observed in previous trials was not reproduced, this trial suggests potential benefit in bowel resection patients who received PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Büchler
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ohlsen RI, Williamson R, Yusufi B, Mullan J, Irving D, Mukherjee S, Page E, Aitchison KJ, Barnes TRE. Interrater reliability of the Antipsychotic Non-Neurological Side-Effects Rating Scale measured in patients treated with clozapine. J Psychopharmacol 2008; 22:323-9. [PMID: 18541627 DOI: 10.1177/0269881108091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Antipsychotic Non-Neurological Side-Effects Rating Scale (ANNSERS) was developed to provide a comprehensive measure for rating non-neurological adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antipsychotics. Although there were already available measures that adequately rated specific non-neurological ADRs, such as sexual side effects, a need was identified for a scale that comprehensively rated the full range of non-neurological ADRs commonly seen across the spectrum of first and second generation antipsychotic drugs, including metabolic and autonomic ADRs. This article reports on work to establish the interrater reliability of an early version and a later, more comprehensive version of the ANNSERS (versions 1 and 2, v1 and v2, respectively). The measures were administered in London centres to patients treated with clozapine. Trained clinicians rated the patients simultaneously and independently. Interrater reliability on the scores was calculated using the kappa coefficient method. The results (mean kappa coefficients of 0.77 and 0.72, respectively) indicate that substantial interrater reliability was achieved for both versions. Items for which the main basis for rating was laboratory investigations rather than patient interview were largely excluded from this study, and kappas were also not calculated for items with a low frequency (less than 10%) of endorsement. Samples of patients on other antipsychotics would be required to reliably calculate kappa coefficients for these items. In conclusion, the ANNSERS represents a clinically applicable research innovation, with good interrater reliability on clinician judged items, which is now available for the comprehensive assessment of non-neurological ADRs to antipsychotics, to aid the processes of clinical audit, research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Ohlsen
- MRC SGDP Centre and Division of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Humphries SE, Berg K, Gill L, Cumming AM, Robertson FW, Stalenhoef AFH, Williamson R, Børresen AL. The gene for apolipoprotein C-ll is closely linked to the gene for apolipoprotein E on chromosome 19. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1984.tb01078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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