Antinociceptive Effect of Ethowurtzine, a New Compound from the Class of Hexaazaizowurzitane

Analysis of specific pharmacological activity evaluated high antinociceptive efficacy of the first synthesized compound 10-di(ethoxyacetyl)-2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5,5,0,0^3,11,0^5,9]dodecane (ethowurtzine) in models of somatogenic pain of different genesis (thermal, visceral pain, mechanical compression of paw).The new molecule from the class of hexaazaisowurtzitane effectively blocks nociceptive reactions at the supraspinal and peripheral levels of pain sensitivity organization. The effect of ethowurtzine was comparable or exceeded the effect of tramadol. The obtained results prove the possibility of creating new pharmacologically active molecules based on the high-energy substance hexaazaisowurtzitane.

Evaluation of the Gastroprotective Effect of the Flavonoid Complex from Lychnis chalcedonica L. on the Models of Experimental Ulcerogenesis

Using rat and mouse models of neurogenic, ethanol-induced, and indometacin-induced damage to the gastric mucosa we demonstrated that course preventive treatment with flavonoid complex from aerial parts of Lychnis chalcedonica L. increased the resistance of gastric mucosa to ulcerogenic factors of different etiology. The gastroprotective effect of the phytocomplex in a dose range of 16-1600 μg/kg was comparable with that of the reference drug plantaglucide and was superior to that of the reference drugs eleutherococcus extract and methyluracil in the therapeutic doses. The antiulcerogenic activity of Lychnis chalcedonica flavonoid complex considerably exceeded activity of Lychnis chalcedonica L. extract demonstrated in our previous experiments.

Pharmacokinetics of a New Analgesic on the Basis of Hexaazaisowurtzitane Derivative

We studied pharmacokinetics of a new analgesic based on a hexaazaisowurtzitane derivative (thiowurtzine, TWZ). A method for measuring TWZ in organs and tissues by HPLC/MS/MS was developed and validated. The sensitivity of the method under conditions of intragastric administration of TWZ to rats in a dose of 100 mg/kg is 0.5 ng/ml (calibration curve 0.5-400 ng/ml). The concentrations of the substance (C_max) in the plasma, organs, and tissues of animals were 20-100 ng/ml, the time to reach the maximum concentration after a single dose (T_max) was 2 h. The mean retention time of the substance in the body ranged from 5.67 to 17.15 h after administration. The highest concentrations were found in excretory organs (liver and kidneys), the substance also actively penetrated into muscle tissue. The medium concentrations were found in the brain and adipose tissue. The tropism to the heart tissues was minimal.

Effect of Tussilago farfara L. Polysaccharides on the Content of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (CD117+34+) in the Bone Marrow of Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide

Myelotoxicity is a serious side effect of anticancer drugs. The search for drugs that can reduce the hematological complications of chemotherapy through modulation of hematopoietic stem cells is an urgent task of oncopharmacology. In the present study we showed that administration of Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides to C57BL/6 mice treated with cyclophosphamide can increase the number of hematopoietic stem cells (CD117⁺34⁺) in the bone marrow.

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of the Complex of Flavonoids from Lychnis chalcedonica L

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the complex of flavonoids from Lychnis chalcedonica L. were studied in the models of acute aseptic inflammation induced by carrageenan, histamine, and serotonin and acetic acid-induced painful chemical stimulation. It is demonstrated that course treatment with flavonoids derived from Lychnis chalcedonica L. produced a stable pharmacological effect comparable with that of the reference anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac.

Effects of Cichorium Intybus L. Root Extract on Secretory Activity of the Stomach in Health and Ulcer Disease

Gastroprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L. root extract is demonstrated on H. Shay's model of experimental ulcer in rats. The effect is attributed to the antisecretory activity of the plant and stimulation of defense barrier function of the gastric mucosa. The regulatory effect of the phytocomplex on seasonal characteristics of the gastric secretory and defense functions in dogs with Basov's fistula is detected.

Antiulcer activity of extracts of ecdysteroid-containing plants of genera Lychnis and Silene of the Caryophyllaceae family

We studied antiulcer activity of the extracts of ecdysteroid-containing plants of the Caryophyllaceae family: Lychnis chalcedonica L., Silene viridiflora L.Sp.Pl., and Silene frivaldszkyana Hampe. Experiments on the model of neurogenic and aspirin-induced ulcerogenesis showed unidirectional and pronounced gastroprotective effects of S. viridiflora and L. chalcedonica extracts comparable to the efficacy of famotidine. In these models, a course of intragastric treatment with the extracts reduced ulcerative lesions of all types.

Study of antitumor activity of antibodies to TNF-α on Walker carcinosarcoma model

The effect of release-active antibodies to TNF-α (Artrofoon) on the development of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 was studied in Wistar rats. Intragastric dose of this drug significantly inhibited the growth of tumor node (55% inhibition of tumor growth), but less effectively than the reference drug cyclophosphamide (80%). The studied drug significantly prolonged animal' lifespan (+97%) and its efficiency in this respect was comparable to that of cyclophosphamide (+96%).

Effects of nonstarch polysaccharides with different molecular weights on the development of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice and efficiency of cytostatic therapy

The effects of nonstarch polysaccharides with different molecular weights on the development of Lewis' lung carcinoma and efficiency of cyclophosphamide therapy in mice were studied. Treatment with these substances with low molecular weights (<30 kDa) caused no changes in the primary tumor growth, but inhibited its metastasizing, while nonstarch polysaccharides with high molecular weights (>400 kDa) inhibited the growth of Lewis' lung carcinoma node. Antimetastatic effects of cyclophosphamide were stimulated by low and high molecular weight polysaccharides.

[Effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on the development of transferred tumors and chemotherapy efficiency]

Experiments on C57B1/6 mice showed that ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited the growth and metastasis process of Lewis lung tumor and increased the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of cyclophosphamide. On the model of transferred melanoma B-16, ginsenoside Rh2 showed a tendency to increase the antiblastome effect of the cytostatic drug.

[Experimental investigation of antiinflammatory and anesthetic properties of calcium pectate]

Antiinflammatory (antiexudative, antiproliferative) activity of calcium pectate was revealed by tests on the mice leg carrageenan-induced edema and cotton-ball granuloma models. It was also established that this polysaccharide produced an anesthetic effect comparable with that of indomethacin on the model of acetate-induced convulsions in mice.

[Antiulcer effect of calcium pectate on model of chronic gastric ulcer in rats]

Calcium pectate has been found to exhibit an antiulcer activity in rats with model of chronic ulcers. Course treatment of the experimental animals with calcium pectate (i) accelerated the repair of experimental damage due to better integrity and higher secretory activity of epithelium and (ii) decreased hemodynamic disorders in surrounding mucous and epithelial membranes. The maximum effect, which was achieved with calcium pectate in a dose of 50 mg/kg, exceeded the action of the reference drug maalox on both 14th and 21st days of experiment.

[Anti-ulcerative effect of non-starch polysaccharides]

Standard models of experimental ulceration (of neurogenic origin, H. Shay ulcer, indomethacine-, ethanol-, prednisolone-, histamine- and acetate-induced ulcers) were used to demonstrate protective effect of non-starch polysaccharides (potassium alginate, potassium pectate, low-esterified pectin). Potassium pectate proved to be the most efficacious protector. Mechanism of its anti-ulcerative action is attributable to antacidic, cytoprotective, and reparative activity. It appeals to optimally stimulate the motor-evacuation function and, besides, exhibits marked anti-inflammatory activity.

Licorice preparations improve efficiency of chemotherapy and surgical treatment of transplanted tumors

Experiments on animals with Lewis lung carcinoma and Ehrlich tumor showed that licorice (glycyrrhiza) extract and glyciram prepared from this plant improved the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. Glyciram reduced the toxic effect of the cytostatic on peripheral blood leukocytes. Licorice extract inhibited the growth of Ehrlich tumor and development of metastases in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Glyciram administered to mice after removal of Lewis lung carcinoma produced an antimetastatic effect and prevented relapses.

[Experimental evaluation of the antiulcer activity of calcium pectate]

Both chronic (prophylactic) and single administration of standardized calcium pectate considerably increased the resistance of rat stomach mucous membrane with respect to ulcerogenic factors of various etiology, including immobilized stress, indomethacin, ethanol, prednizolone, and histamine, according to H. Shay's model. The gastroprotective effect of this polysaccharide was comparable with or exceeded the action of famotidine, sea buckthorn oil, and maalox.

Gastroprotective effect of natural non-starch polysaccharides

Experiments on mice and rats with modeled neurogenic and indomethacin-induced injuries to the gastric mucosa showed that preventive courses of calcium alginate, calcium pectate, and low-esterified pectin improved the resistance of the gastroduodenal mucosa to the destructive effect of the above factors.

[Effect of Echinacea purpurea tincture and its polysaccharide complex on the efficacy of cytostatic therapy of transferred tumors]

Experiments on C57LB/6 mice with transplanted Luis lung carcinoma showed that the officinal Echinacea purpurea preparation did not influence the efficacy of cytostatic therapy. This echinacea preparation did not change the development of metastases and even stimulated the tumor growth. In contrast, a hydrophilic polysaccharide complex isolated from echinacea increased the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of cyclophosphamide.

Non-starch polysaccharides as correctors in cytostatic therapy of experimental tumors

We studied the effects of low-esterified pectin, calcium pectate, and alginate on the development of transplanted Ehrlich adenocarcinoma and Lewis pulmonary carcinoma and on the efficiency of cyclophosphamide treatment in mice.

[Effect of dry aspen bark extract on the motor function of gastrointestinal tract in mice]

Experiments on mice (both intact and those with reserpine induced gastric ulcers) showed that dry aspen bark (DAB) extract stimulated the motor gastric activity. The DAB preparation produced a moderate purgative effect.

[The effect of cichorium root extract on the morphofunctional state of liver in rats with carbon tetrachloride induced hepatitis model]

It is established that cichorium root extract therapy leads to normalization of some morphofunctional liver features (decreases glycogen content and cell of necrosis and increases the number of cells with pronounced protein synthesis activity) in rats with CCl4-induced hepatitis.

[Experimental study of the impact of a single use of indometacine on the morphological structure of the mucous coat of the stomach and small intestine]

A single application of the indometacine in the dose of 60 mg per kilogram of body weight had an ulcerogenic action in 100% of cases. The alterations in the inucous coat of the stomach appeared as dystrophic changes in the integument and fossa epithelium and disorders in the microcirculation. The increased acidity of the gastric juice can be associated with the observed increase in the amount of parietal cells. Changes in the mucous coat of the small intestine testified to the development of inflammation.

Effect of baikal skullcap extract administered alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide on natural cytotoxicity system in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma

Baikal skullcap extract was introduced into cytostatic therapy of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. This extract potentiated the antimetastatic effect of cyclophosphamide in mice with grafted tumors. Combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and extract of Baikal skullcap modulated cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and peritoneal macrophages during tumor growth.

Effects of extracts from medicinal plants on the development of metastatic process

The possibility of inhibiting metastases by preparations from plants growing in Siberia and Far East after removal of the tumor node was proven in experiments on animals with transplanted tumors. Plant preparations stimulated the antitumor resistance of the organism.

Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of antibodies to histamine under experimental conditions

Ultralow doses of antibodies to histamine in produced an antiproliferative effect on experimental animals with inflammation. Analgesic activity of antibodies to histamine was revealed on the model of acetic acid-induced writhing.

Effect of potentiated antibodies to cyclophosphamide on the development of tumors and effectiveness of cytostatic therapy under experimental conditions

Antibodies to cyclophosphamide obtained by homeopathic potentiation and administered in ultralow doses exhibit no antiblastic activity and did not modulate the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide during antitumor therapy of animals with transplanted tumors (Lewis lung carcinoma and Ehrlich adenocarcinoma).

Antiulcer activity of ultralow doses of antibodies to histamine under experimental conditions

Ultralow doses of antibodies to histamine produced a considerable antiulcer effect in rats with gastric ulcers induced by various factors. Antibodies to histamine markedly decreased aggressiveness of the gastric juice.

Experimental study of antiblastic activity in potentiated antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha

In mice with Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B-16 administration of potentiated antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha started 1 day after transplantation of a small number of tumor cells (10(6)) produced an antiblastic effect.

Potentiated cyclophosphane: experimental study of the effect on tumor development and efficiency of cytostatic therapy

Experiments on animals with transplanted tumors (Lewis lung carcinoma and carcinosarcoma Walker-256) showed that combination treatment with cyclophosphane and its homeopathically potentiated forms increases antiblastic activity of the preparation.

[Disorders of blood rheology in Walker's carcinosarcoma-256 and in cyclophosphamide treatment of rats]

Tumor process development in rats inoculated with cellular suspension of transplantable Walker's carcinosarcoma-256 involved enhanced thickening of blood on day 7. Treatment with 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, thrice a day, every other day, retarded tumor process and brought hemorheologic indices further down, at the same time. Similar treatment of intact rats with cyclophosphamide caused hemorheologic disorders too.

Effect of bioactive additive mammoleptin on development of transplanted tumors in mice

Bioactive additive mammoleptin used for the treatment of fibrocystic breast disease did not stimulate the growth of primary tumors and metastases in mice with transplanted tumors. Mammoleptin in high doses inhibited the growth of Ehrlich adenocarcinoma and metastatic spreading of solid tumors.

[Medicinal plant preparations used as adjuvant therapeutics in experimental oncology]

Experiments on mice inoculated with metastasing Lewis lung carcinoma showed that the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of cyclophosphan (cyclophosphamide) are potentiated by the extracts of phytopreparations based on Baikal scullcap (Scutellaria baikalensis), rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), common licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and their principal acting components--baikalin, paratyrosol, and glycyrram.

[Effect of the dry aspen bark extract on the gastric secretory function]

Dry aspen (Populus tremula L.) bark extract exhibits antiulcerogenic activity as demonstrated by the results of experiments using the models of gastric ulcers in rats according to H. Shay. The cytoprotective action of the dry aspen bark extract was also demonstrated in experiments on dogs with fistula according to Basov.

[Correction by common sea buckthorn bark and sprout extracts of hormonal and metabolic disturbances during stress in rats]

Long-term administration of the common sea buckthorn bark and sprout extract improves the hormonal-metabolic organism status in rats disturbed by a stress factor (immobilization). The drug administration led to normalization of the altered functional activity indices of the neuro-endocrine system (disturbed adrenocorticotropin, 11-deoxycortisol, insulin, urea, and glucose levels) by affecting the production of glucocorticoids and increasing the hypothalamus sensitivity with respect to regulatory signals.

[A dried aspen bark extract in the experimental therapy of gastric peptic ulcer]

Dry aspen bark extract exhibits pronounced antiulcerogenic activity as demonstrated by the results of experiments using the models of histamine and atophan induced ulcers and the ulceration model according to H. Shay. The gastroprotector activity is manifested by decreasing number of animals with ulceration damage in the mucous membrane of the stomach and markedly decreasing ulcer density. The antiulcerogenic effect of the dry aspen bar extract is comparable to that of the reference drugs alanton and gastrozepin.

[The effect of an extract of aspen bark on the development of a chronic ulcerative process in animal stomachs]

The antiulcerogenic activity of aspen bark extract was demonstrated in experiments on a model of gastric ulcer in rats. Treatment with a 100 mg/kg dose of aspen bark extract led to decrease in the size and more active healing of the ulcerous defect in all follow-up periods.

[The search for new anti-ulcer agents from plants in Siberia and the Far East]

Screening tests on mice with the use of a model of neurogenic damage to the stomach revealed antiulcerative activity in extracts of Amoor cork tree, Pacific Bergenia, Lespedeza dichromatic, Leuzea carthamoides, sea-buckthorn, common aspen, Manchurian nuts, Serratula coronarius, and Scutellaria baicalensis. It was proved that an extract of aspen cork produces a marked antiulcerative effect on being administered to animals with "acute" ulcers and in treatment of chronic peptic ulcer. The study of various drug forms of Serratula coronarius extracts (prepared from the bark and the bark and shoots) in experiments on mice (neurogenic ulcer) and rats (Aspirin ulcer) revealed the most marked gastroprotective effect of oil extracts of bark and shoots. A high antiulcerogenic activity of extracts prepared from grass and roots of Scutellaria baicalensis was demonstrated.

[The potential use of an extract of aspen bark for enhancing the efficacy of specific treatment methods in experimental malignant neoplasms]

The effect of liquid aspen bark extract on the effectiveness of cytostatic and surgical methods of treatment of experimental tumors in mice was studied. The extract was found to raise the antitumorous and antimetastatic effects of the above indicated methods of treatment on the tumor process.

[An experimental study of the anti-ulcer properties of an extract of poplar bark]

Marked antiulcerative properties of a Populus tremula bark extract were demonstrated in experiments on mice and rats with stress-, reserpine-induced, and acetylsalicylic ulcers. The gastroprotective activity of the extract was expressed in decrease in the number of animals with mucosal ulcers and in marked decrease in the number of ulcers. It exceeded similar parameters of alanton, plantaglucide, and Hippopheae oil.

[Correction by natural adaptogens of hormonal-metabolic status disorders in rats during the development of adaptation syndrome using functional tests with dexamethasone and ACTH]

Rats exposed to stress by fixation develop a complex of hormonal metabolic homeostasis disturbances (as evidenced by changed levels of ACTH, insulin, 11-HOCS, urea, glucose). One of the major mechanisms of these disorders in reduced hypothalamus sensitivity to regulatory signals and exhausted adrenocortical functional activity, developing at the stages of anxiety and exhaustion of the adaptation syndrome, respectively, and detectable by functional tests with dexamethasone and ACTH. Administration of natural adaptogens (Scutellaria baicalensis extract and its active principle, baikalin flavonoid) was conducive to normalization of the majority of the examined parameters whatever the direction of changes.