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Diven M, Dillard A, Khani F, Wolfe S, Davicioni E, Hakansson A, Liu S, McClure TD, Hu JC, Scherr DS, Barbieri CE, Nagar H, Marciscano AE. Longitudinal Profiling of Tumor RNA Expression Signatures Reveal Key Biological Features Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e249. [PMID: 37784972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a safe and effective treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). PREPARE-SBRT is a clinical trial testing the safety of neoadjuvant MRI-guided SBRT for men with high-risk localized PCa. We leveraged paired samples from pre-treatment biopsy and irradiated prostatectomy (RP) specimens to evaluate transcriptomic changes in irradiated tumors at acute time points following neoadjuvant SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Tumor RNA expression profiles were generated using Decipher GRID by Veracyte on 12 subjects with paired pre- and post-SBRT tissues (n = 24). Descriptive statistics using gene expression profiles describing key biological features [DNA damage & repair (DDR), tumor proliferation, suppressed immune, activated immune, tumor microenvironment (TME)] and an exploratory analysis of RT sensitivity score with binary classification as sensitive or resistant were reported. A control cohort of transcriptomic profiles of 803 matched untreated biopsy and matching RP samples from the same subjects were used to control for signature differences attributable to sample type. RESULTS Key tumor biology signatures most frequently observed were DDR (15/24), TME (11/24) and tumor proliferation (11/24). Signatures associated with tumor proliferation were disproportionately represented in pre-treatment samples (10/11) whereas TME-associated signatures were enriched predominantly in irradiated RP samples (8/11). Collectively, immune-related immune signatures skewed towards immune activation. All 3 samples annotated with suppressed immune signatures were from pre-treatment specimens whereas 75% (6/8) of samples annotated with activated immune status were from irradiated specimens. Additionally, conversion from suppressed to activated immune status was observed in 2 of 3 subjects (66%). In total, 42% of specimens (10/24) were designated as radio-resistant by RT sensitivity score. Among 8 baseline specimens annotated with RT resistant status, 75% of subjects (6/8) converted to RT sensitive status after neoadjuvant SBRT. Interestingly, in the two subjects with persistent radio-resistant status in pre- and post-samples there was associated with upregulation of TGF-β or PI3K-AKT pathway activation signatures. CONCLUSION Pre- and post-SBRT transcriptomic signatures were heterogeneous and dynamic in a cohort of 12 patients with high-risk localized PCa highlighting the importance of studying longitudinal changes in individual patients. These data highlight an opportunity to leverage tumor RNA expression profiles to personalize patient and treatment selection and augment radiation response assessment. CLINICAL TRIALS gov ID (NCT03663218).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A Dillard
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - F Khani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - S Liu
- GenomeDx, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T D McClure
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Diven M, Marciscano AE, Zhou XK, Wolfe S, Kishan AU, Steinberg ML, Camilleri P, Nauseef J, Molina A, Sternberg C, Nanus D, Tagawa ST, Margolis D, Osborne JR, McClure TD, Hu JC, Scherr DS, Barbieri CE, Nagar H. Randomized Trial of Five or Two MRI-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy Treatments for Prostate Cancer (FORT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e378. [PMID: 37785281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The objective of this randomized clinical trial is to demonstrate that 2 treatments of real-time MRI-guided radiotherapy (RT) does not significantly increase patient-reported GI and GU symptoms compared to 5 treatments of RT 2 years after treatment completion (24 months). MATERIALS/METHODS Key Eligibility Criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Men aged > 18 with histologically confirmed low or intermediate risk prostate cancer per NCCN guidelines. 2. ECOG 0 - 1 3. IPSS < 18 4. Ability to receive MRI-guided radiotherapy. 5. Ability to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire. Exclusion Criteria 1. Prior history of receiving pelvic RT. 2. Patient with history of IBD. 3. Hip replacements. 4. History of bladder neck or urethral stricture. 5. TURP < 8 weeks prior to RT 6. Metastatic (pelvic nodal or distant) disease on CT, Bone, and/or PSMA PET scan. Study Design/Endpoints: This is a randomized phase II non-inferiority trial comparing 2 fractions of ultrahypofractionated RT (25 Gy total with optional PSMA/MRI boost to 28 Gy) versus 5 fractions of ultra-hypofractionated RT (37.5 Gy total with optional PSMA/MRI boost to 45 Gy) in the definitive setting for prostate cancer. Subjects will be stratified based on pre-specified stratification factors and randomized 1:1 to receive 2 or 5 fractions using permuted block randomization. The primary endpoint is the change in patient-reported GI and GU symptoms as measured by EPIC at 2 years from end of treatment. Secondary endpoints will include both the safety endpoints including change in GI and GU symptoms at 3, 6, 12 and 60 months from end of treatment, and multiple efficacy endpoints including time to progression, prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival. SAMPLE SIZE The sample size is calculated based on a non-inferiority design. The non-inferiority margins are set to be a change score of 6 points for the GI symptoms and 5 points for the GU symptoms. The standard deviations of the change scores are assumed to be 13.2 for the GI symptoms and 10.5 for the GU symptoms based on estimates generated in RTOG 0415 trial. This level of change in scores are deemed as clinically meaningful. For example, 6 points of change score for GI symptoms corresponds to two symptoms worsening by 1 level (i.e., loose stools and frequency of bowel movements change from "no problem" to "very small problem") or one of the symptoms worsening by 2 levels (i.e., loose stool change from "no problem" to "small problem"). A sample size of 122 with 61 in each arm will ensure 80% power for GI endpoint and 83% power for GU endpoint to detect non-inferiority using a one-sided two-sample t-test at the significance level of 0.05. Adjusting for a projected 10% EPIC/non-compliance rate, 136 patients (68 per arm) will be randomized. Stratification Factors: Patients will be stratified according to baseline EPIC bowel and urinary domain scores and country of treatment. Enrollment: Twenty patients. RESULTS To be determined. CONCLUSION To be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - X K Zhou
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P Camilleri
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Nauseef
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A Molina
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - D Nanus
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S T Tagawa
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - D Margolis
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - T D McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
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Diven M, Hakansson A, Liu Y, Davicioni E, Dillard A, Khani F, Wolfe S, Hu JC, Scherr DS, McClure TD, Barbieri CE, Nagar H, Marciscano AE. Dynamic Changes of Molecular Subtype Classification and Genomic Classifier Scores in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Pre-Operative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e377. [PMID: 37785279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The radiobiology of irradiated human prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood as irradiated tissues often remain in situ. PREPARE-SBRT (NCT03663218) is a clinical trial testing the safety of neoadjuvant MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for men with high-risk PCa. We leveraged paired samples from pre-treatment biopsy and irradiated prostatectomy (RP) specimens to evaluate transcriptomic changes in irradiated tumors at acute timepoints following SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Tumor RNA expression profiles were generated using Decipher GRID by Veracyte on 12 subjects enrolled on NCT03663218 with paired pre/post-SBRT tissues (n = 24). Descriptive statistics using Decipher Genomic Classifier (GC) Score [0-1] and GC risk group (low/int/high) were generated from a validated 22-gene GC. Tumor biology signatures reported as dichotomous variables evaluated changes in androgen receptor (AR) activity [higher v lower] and cell cycle progression (CCP) [lower v higher]. Decipher prostate subtype classifier [PSC, luminal differentiated (LD), luminal proliferating (LP), basal immune (BI), basal neuroendocrine like (BN)] classification and PAM50 molecular subtype [luminal A (lumA), luminal B (lumB), basal] at pre/post-SBRT timepoints were reported. A control cohort of transcriptomic profiles of 803 matched untreated biopsy and RP samples from the same patients were used to control for signature differences attributable to sample type. RESULTS The median pre- and post-SBRT GC scores were 0.55 and 0.72 (Δ+0.17), respectively. By comparison, median GC scores in a control cohort (n = 803) of biopsy and RP specimens were 0.50 and 0.56 (Δ+0.06), respectively. SBRT increased GC score in 9/12 subjects (75%) with a median increase of 0.3. Changes in GC score resulted in reclassification of baseline GC risk in 7 of 12 subjects with 71% of reclassified subjects (5/7) transitioning to a higher genomic risk. 92% of subjects (11/12) had higher AR activity scores at baseline. Of this subgroup, 5/11 (45%) converted to lower AR activity score after SBRT. CCP signatures remained stable in 9 of 12 subjects (75%) with 7/12 subjects exhibiting lower CCP score at baseline and only 1 subject transitioning from lower to higher CCP score. Distribution of PAM50 molecular subtype at baseline and after SBRT was lumA (33>53%), lumB (25>17%), basal (42>25%) resulting in 83% of subjects (10/12) annotated to a different PAM50 molecular subtype at pre/post-SBRT assessment. PSC subtype distribution at baseline was LD (33%), LP (25%), BI (33%) and BN (8%). Strikingly, after SBRT, 92% (11/12) of subjects were classified as BI molecular subtype with several immune activation signatures also increased after SBRT. CONCLUSION A majority of subjects demonstrate a post-SBRT increase in GC score with reclassification of genomic-prognostic risk group in 58%. An enrichment of the basal-immune molecular subtype was observed following SBRT suggesting a convergence towards this biology in irradiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diven
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Y Liu
- Veracyte Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | - A Dillard
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - F Khani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - S Wolfe
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - J C Hu
- NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - D S Scherr
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - T D McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - H Nagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital, New York, NY
| | - A E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Li S, Funamoto M, Wolfe S, Osho A, Moonsamy P, Michel E, D'Alessandro D. Effects of the New Heart Allocation System on Choice of Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Li S, Osho A, Moonsamy P, Wolfe S, D'Alessandro D, Villavicencio M, Sundt T, Funamoto M. Factors Influencing Acceptance and Transplantation of Hearts from Hepatitis C+ Donors. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Taylor
- Division of Child Health, University of Sheffield, UK
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Liu J, Wolfe S, Macleod A, Powers J. 699 Evaluation of colorimetry and biomechanical properties in wounds of dermatologic patients with postoperative infection. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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LaBombard B, Kuang A, Brunner D, Faust I, Mumgaard R, Reinke M, Terry J, Hughes J, Walk J, Chilenski M, Lin Y, Marmar E, Wallace G, Whyte D, Wolfe S, Wukitch S. High-field side scrape-off layer investigation: Plasma profiles and impurity screening behavior in near-double-null configurations. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hughes JW, Hubbard AE, Mossessian DA, LaBombard B, Biewer TM, Granetz RS, Greenwald M, Hutchinson IH, Irby JH, Lin Y, Marmar ES, Porkolab M, Rice JE, Snipes JA, Terry JL, Wolfe S, Zhurovich K. H-Mode Pedestal and L-H Transition Studies on Alcator C-Mod. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Hughes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - A. E. Hubbard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - D. A. Mossessian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - B. LaBombard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - T. M. Biewer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - R. S. Granetz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - M. Greenwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - I. H. Hutchinson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - J. H. Irby
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Y. Lin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - E. S. Marmar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - M. Porkolab
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - J. E. Rice
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - J. A. Snipes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - J. L. Terry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - S. Wolfe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - K. Zhurovich
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
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Greenwald M, Basse N, Bonoli P, Bravenec R, Edlund E, Ernst D, Fiore C, Granetz R, Hubbard A, Hughes J, Hutchinson I, Irby J, LaBombard B, Lin L, Lin Y, Lipschultz B, Marmar E, Mikkelsen D, Mossessian D, Phillips P, Porkolab M, Rice J, Rowan W, Scott S, Snipes J, Terry J, Wolfe S, Wukitch S, Zhurovich K. Confinement and Transport Research in Alcator C-Mod. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Greenwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - N. Basse
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - P. Bonoli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | | | - E. Edlund
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - D. Ernst
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - C. Fiore
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - R. Granetz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - A. Hubbard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - J. Hughes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - I. Hutchinson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - J. Irby
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - B. LaBombard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - L. Lin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Y. Lin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - B. Lipschultz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - E. Marmar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - D. Mikkelsen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - D. Mossessian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | | | - M. Porkolab
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - J. Rice
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - W. Rowan
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - S. Scott
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - J. Snipes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - J. Terry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - S. Wolfe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - S. Wukitch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - K. Zhurovich
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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White M, Lee T, Wolfe S. 193 Do sodium supplements improve growth in infants with cystic fibrosis? J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brunner D, Burke W, Kuang AQ, LaBombard B, Lipschultz B, Wolfe S. Feedback system for divertor impurity seeding based on real-time measurements of surface heat flux in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:023504. [PMID: 26931846 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of the intense heat flux to the divertor is one of the outstanding problems in fusion energy. One technique that has shown promise is impurity seeding, i.e., the injection of low-Z gaseous impurities (typically N2 or Ne) to radiate and dissipate the power before it arrives to the divertor target plate. To this end, the Alcator C-Mod team has created a first-of-its-kind feedback system to control the injection of seed gas based on real-time surface heat flux measurements. Surface thermocouples provide real-time measurements of the surface temperature response to the plasma heat flux. The surface temperature measurements are inputted into an analog computer that "solves" the 1-D heat transport equation to deliver accurate, real-time signals of the surface heat flux. The surface heat flux signals are sent to the C-Mod digital plasma control system, which uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm to control the duty cycle demand to a pulse width modulated piezo valve, which in turn controls the injection of gas into the private flux region of the C-Mod divertor. This paper presents the design and implementation of this new feedback system as well as initial results using it to control divertor heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brunner
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Burke
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Q Kuang
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B LaBombard
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lipschultz
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S Wolfe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Urban MK, Chiu T, Wolfe S, Magid S. Electronic Ordering System Improves Postoperative Pain Management After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6:591-9. [PMID: 26448800 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2014-12-ra-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the impact of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) on the delivery times of analgesia and subsequent patient outcomes. We hypothesized that patients would report less pain and use less pain medications compared with the previous paper-based system. METHODS Two groups of patients after a total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA) were retrospectively compared: one comprising 106 patients when the paper-based ordering system was in effect (conventional group), and one comprising 96 patients after CPOE was installed (electronic group). All patients received a regional anaesthetic at surgery (combined spinal-epidural). TKA patients also received a single-injection femoral nerve block. After transfer to the postoperative anaesthesia care unit (PACU), a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) infusion was initiated. The following data was collected from the PACU record: time to initiation of analgesia, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at initiation of analgesia and hourly for the first postoperative day (POD), volume of pain medication used, length of stay (LOS) in the PACU and the hospital. RESULTS The time to initiation of analgesia from arrival in the PACU was significantly lower in the electronic group compared to the conventional group (24.5 ± 28.3 minutes vs. 51.1 ± 26.2 minutes; mean ± SD, p < 0.001), as were VAS pain scores (0.82 ± 1.08 vs. 1.5 ± 1.52, p < 0.001) and the volume of PCEA needed to control pain (27.9 ± 20.2 ml vs. 34.8 ± 20.3 ml, p = 0.001) at 4 hours postoperatively. PACU LOS and hospital LOS did not significantly differ in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS After implementation of CPOE, patients received their postoperative analgesia faster, had less pain, and required less medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Urban
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Anesthesiology , New York, NY, United States
| | - T Chiu
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Quality Research Center , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Wolfe
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Quality Research Center , New York, NY, United States
| | - S Magid
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Quality Research Center , New York, NY, United States
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Onchi T, McColl D, Dreval M, Wolfe S, Xiao C, Hirose A. Design and implementation of fast charging circuit for repetitive compact torus injector. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shechter A, Rising R, Wolfe S, Albu JB, St-Onge MP. Postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation are unaffected by sleep restriction. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:1153-8. [PMID: 24352294 PMCID: PMC4063893 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives The extent to which alterations in energy expenditure (EE) in response to sleep restriction contribute to the short sleep-obesity relationship is not clearly defined. Short sleep may induce changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF), and postprandial substrate oxidation. Subjects/Methods Ten females (age and BMI: 22-43 y and 23.4-28 kg/m2) completed a randomized, crossover study assessing the effects of short (4 h/night) and habitual (8 h/night) sleep duration on fasting and postprandial RMR and respiratory quotient (RQ). Measurements were taken after 3 nights using whole-room indirect calorimetry. The TEF was assessed over a 6-h period following consumption of a high-fat liquid meal. Results Short vs. habitual sleep did not affect RMR (1.01 ± 0.05 and 0.97 ± 0.04 kcal/min; p=0.23). Fasting RQ was significantly lower after short vs. habitual sleep (0.84 ± 0.01 and 0.88 ± 0.01; p=0.028). Postprandial EE (short: 1.13 ± 0.04 and habitual: 1.10 ± 0.04, p=0.09) and RQ (short: 0.88 ± 0.01 and habitual: 0.88 ± 0.01, p=0.50) after the high-fat meal were not different between conditions. TEF was similar between conditions (0.24 ± 0.02 kcal/min in both; p=0.98), as was the ~6-h incremental area under the curve (1.16 ± 0.10 and 1.17 ± 0.09 kcal/min x 356 min after short and habitual sleep, respectively; p=0.92). Conclusions Current findings observed in non-obese healthy premenopausal women do not support the hypothesis that alterations in TEF and postprandial substrate oxidation are major contributors to the higher rate of obesity observed in short sleepers. In exploring a role of sleep duration on EE, research should focus on potential alterations in physical activity to explain the increased obesity risk in short sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shechter
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Rising
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Wolfe
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - J B Albu
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - M-P St-Onge
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Delgado-Aparicio L, Sugiyama L, Granetz R, Gates DA, Rice JE, Reinke ML, Bitter M, Fredrickson E, Gao C, Greenwald M, Hill K, Hubbard A, Hughes JW, Marmar E, Pablant N, Podpaly Y, Scott S, Wilson R, Wolfe S, Wukitch S. Formation and stability of impurity "snakes" in tokamak plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:065006. [PMID: 23432265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.065006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
New observations of the formation and dynamics of long-lived impurity-induced helical "snake" modes in tokamak plasmas have recently been carried out on Alcator C-Mod. The snakes form as an asymmetry in the impurity ion density that undergoes a seamless transition from a small helically displaced density to a large crescent-shaped helical structure inside q<1, with a regularly sawtoothing core. The observations show that the conditions for the formation and persistence of a snake cannot be explained by plasma pressure alone. Instead, many features arise naturally from nonlinear interactions in a 3D MHD model that separately evolves the plasma density and temperature.
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Abstract
Like athletes, musicians are vulnerable to musculoskeletal injuries that can be career ending or have a severe negative financial impact. All ages are affected, with a peak incidence in the third and fourth decades. Women are slightly more likely to be affected than men. It is incumbent upon orthopaedic surgeons to be able to complete a thorough physical assessment, be aware of the risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in musicians, and have a detailed knowledge of the specific syndromes they suffer and their appropriate treatment. In this paper we review the common hand injuries that afflict musicians and discuss their treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:146–50.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sheibani-Rad
- McLaren Regional Medical Center/Michigan
State University, 401 South Ballenger Highway, Flint, Michigan
48532, USA
| | - S. Wolfe
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
East 70th Street, New York, New York
10021, USA
| | - J. Jupiter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 15
Parkman Street, Boston, Massachusetts
02114, USA
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18
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Cheng H, Zhang YC, Wolfe S, Valencia V, Qian K, Shen L, Tang YL, Hsu WH, Atkinson MA, Phillips MI. Combinatorial treatment of bone marrow stem cells and stromal cell-derived factor 1 improves glycemia and insulin production in diabetic mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 345:88-96. [PMID: 21801807 PMCID: PMC3171644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells for the treatment of diabetes have shown promising but inconsistent results. We examined the potential for attracting bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to the pancreas using a chemokine, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). SDF-1 treatment markedly increased the number of GFP labeled BMSCs in the pancreas, but surprisingly, the majority was observed in liver. The liver cells had typical pancreatic endocrine cell gene expression including insulin I, insulin II, PDX-1, somatostatin, and glucagon. Combined treatment with SDF-1 and BMSC transplant reduced hyperglycemia and prolonged the long-term survival of diabetic mice, and a sub group had complete normoglycemia (<150 mg/dl), restored blood insulin levels, and normal glucose tolerance. Our results suggest that SDF-1 could potentially be used to improve the homing of stem cells and β-cell regeneration. The mechanism appears to involve an increase in insulin producing cells mainly in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA.
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19
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Price D, Musgrave S, Wilson E, Sims E, Shepstone L, Blyth A, Murdoch J, Mugford M, Juniper E, Ayres J, Wolfe S, Freeman D, Lipp A, Gilbert R, Harvey I. A pragmatic single-blind randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the use of leukotriene receptor antagonists in primary care at steps 2 and 3 of the national asthma guidelines (ELEVATE study). Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:1-132. [PMID: 21554855 DOI: 10.3310/hta15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Price
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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20
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Beadle P, Brownlee K, Lee T, Wolfe S, Najmaldin A. 292 A retrospective audit of growth and lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) undergoing gastrostomy insertion with fundoplication over a 10 year period. J Cyst Fibros 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(11)60306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Dreval M, Xiao C, Elgriw S, Trembach D, Wolfe S, Hirose A. Determination of radial location of rotating magnetic islands by use of poloidal soft x-ray detector arrays in the STOR-M tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:053503. [PMID: 21639500 DOI: 10.1063/1.3593110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A technique is presented for determining the radial location of the rotating magnetic islands in the STOR-M tokamak by use of soft x-ray (SXR) detector arrays. The location is determined by examining the difference in the integrated SXR emission intensities through two adjacent lines of sight. A model for calculating dependence of the line integrated SXR emission intensity on the radius, the mode numbers and the magnetic island geometry, has been developed. The SXR difference signal shows phase inversion when the impact parameter of the line of sight sweeps across the magnetic islands. Experimentally, the difference SXR signals significantly reduce noise and suppress the influence of background plasma fluctuations through common mode rejection when a dominant mode exists in the STOR-M tokamak. The radial locations of the m = 2 magnetic islands have been determined under several experimental conditions in the STOR-M discharges. With the decrease in the tokamak discharge current and thus the increase of the safety factor at the edge, the radial location of the m = 2 magnetic islands has been found to move radially inward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dreval
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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22
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Abbott J, Holt A, Morton A, Hart A, Wolfe S, Milne G, Conway S. What defines a pulmonary exacerbation? The perceptions of children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Lake E, Barnes R, Morton A, Wolfe S. Is enough attention paid to diet, weight and digestion? J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Morton A, Wolfe S, Barnes R. Provision of dietetic care in CF centres in the UK. J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Lake E, Barnes R, Morton A, Wolfe S. Will my CF diet make me ill? J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Lake E, Barnes R, Morton A, Wolfe S. Is dietetics the cinderella of the CF multidisciplinary team? J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Ince-Cushman A, Rice JE, Reinke M, Greenwald M, Wallace G, Parker R, Fiore C, Hughes JW, Bonoli P, Shiraiwa S, Hubbard A, Wolfe S, Hutchinson IH, Marmar E, Bitter M, Wilson J, Hill K. Observation of self-generated flows in tokamak plasmas with lower-hybrid-driven current. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:035002. [PMID: 19257362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Alcator C-Mod discharges lower hybrid waves have been shown to induce a countercurrent change in toroidal rotation of up to 60 km/s in the central region of the plasma (r/a approximately <0.4). This modification of the toroidal rotation profile develops on a time scale comparable to the current redistribution time (approximately 100 ms) but longer than the energy and momentum confinement times (approximately 20 ms). A comparison of the co- and countercurrent injected waves indicates that current drive (as opposed to heating) is responsible for the rotation profile modifications. Furthermore, the changes in central rotation velocity induced by lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) are well correlated with changes in normalized internal inductance. The application of LHCD has been shown to generate sheared rotation profiles and a negative increment in the radial electric field profile consistent with a fast electron pinch.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ince-Cushman
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NW16, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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28
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Wolfe S. Genioplasty: Variations on the Horizontal Osteotomy. Semin Plast Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteral tube feeding is routinely used in many cystic fibrosis centres when weight for height percentage is less than 85%, when there has been weight loss for longer than a two-month period or when there has been no weight gain for two to three months (under five years old) or for six months (over five years old). OBJECTIVES To examine the evidence that in people with cystic fibrosis supplemental enteral tube feeding improves nutritional status, respiratory function, and quality of life without significant adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We also contacted the companies that market enteral feeds and reviewed their databases. Date of the most recent search of the Group's Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register: November 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials comparing supplemental enteral tube feeding for one month or longer with no specific intervention in people with cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Thirteen trials were identified by the search; however, none were eligible for inclusion in this review. MAIN RESULTS There are no trials included in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Supplemental enteral tube feeding is widely used throughout the world to improve nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. The methods mostly used, nasogastric or gastrostomy feeding, are invasive, expensive, and may have a negative effect on self-esteem and body image. Reported use of enteral tube feeding suggests that it results in nutritional and respiratory improvement and it is disappointing that their efficacy has not been fully assessed by randomised controlled trials. With the more frequent recommendations to use enteral tube feeding as an early rather than a late intervention, this systematic review identifies the need for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial assessing both efficacy and possible adverse effects of enteral tube feeding in cystic fibrosis. There are no trials included in the review and we have not identified any relevant trials up to November 2007. We therefore do not plan to update this review until new trials are published.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Conway
- Seacroft Hospital, Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, York Road, Leeds, UK, LS14 6UH.
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30
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Catanzarite V, Delaney K, Wolfe S, Dowling D, Daneshmand S, Cousins L, Poeltler D. Targeted mid-trimester ultrasound examination: how does fetal anatomic visualization depend upon the duration of the scan? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 26:521-6. [PMID: 16142825 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between visualization of key fetal anatomic structures during mid-trimester ultrasound examination with gestational age and duration of examination. METHODS One hundred ultrasound examinations at 16-22 weeks' gestation were reviewed to determine the times at which key fetal anatomic features were seen. Scans were terminated at 30 min or when a comprehensive anatomic survey was complete. Exclusion criteria included multiple gestation, maternal weight>77 kg, abdominal wall scarring, and suspected fetal anomalies. RESULTS Visualization of cranial anatomy including lips, face, midline, ventricles, choroid plexus, and cerebellum was achieved in 98% of patients within 30 min. The corresponding figures for spine, cardiac screening (four-chamber, aortic, and pulmonary outflow views) and for abdominal anatomy (stomach, kidneys, bladder, ventral wall, and three-vessel cord) were 91%, 91%, and 99%, respectively. A complete anatomic survey including each of the above elements was obtained by 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min in 8%, 31%, 53%, 72% and 81% of the subjects. Rates of complete anatomic surveys within 30 min improved by gestational age interval, from 20/30 (67%) at 16-18 weeks, to 36/44 (82%) at 18-20 weeks, and 25/26 (96%) at 20-22 weeks; this rise was primarily due to improvements in visualization of the spine and heart. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive anatomical survey can be completed in 10 min or less in a minority of patients. For each 5-min time increment up to 30 min, the rate of complete surveys improves. Rates of completed anatomic surveys rise with gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Catanzarite
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Sharp/Children's Prenatal Diagnostic Center, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
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31
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Sinaasappel M, Stern M, Littlewood J, Wolfe S, Steinkamp G, Heijerman HGM, Robberecht E, Döring G. Nutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis: a European Consensus. J Cyst Fibros 2004; 1:51-75. [PMID: 15463811 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(02)00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This document is the result of an European Consensus conference which took place in Artimino, Tuscany, Italy, in March 2001 involving 33 experts on nutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis, organised by the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, and sponsored by Axcan-Scandipharm, Baxter, Dr Falk Pharma, Fresenius, Nutricia, SHS International, Solvay Pharmaceuticals (major sponsor). The purpose of the conference was to develop a consensus document on nutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sinaasappel
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Jeffrey JS, Nolan LK, Tonooka KH, Wolfe S, Giddings CW, Horne SM, Foley SL, Lynne AM, Ebert JO, Elijah LM, Bjorklund G, Pfaff-McDonough SJ, Singer RS, Doetkott C. Virulence factors of Escherichia cofi from cellulitis or colisepticemia lesions in chickens. Avian Dis 2002; 46:48-52. [PMID: 11922349 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0048:vfoecf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare virulence factors of cellulitis-derived Escherichia coli to colisepticemic E. coli in order to clarify whether E. coli associated with cellulitis comprise a unique subset of pathogenic E. coli. Isolates were tested for serotype, capsule, aerobactin production, colicin production, the presence of the iss gene, and serum resistance. Untypable isolates made up the greatest percentage of each group. Serotypes O2 and O78 were the most commonly identified among both groups of isolates. No statistical differences in the distribution of aerobactin or colicin production, capsule, or iss gene were observed between groups. Cluster analysis showed that 90% of the E. coli isolates had greater than 42% livability in serum-resistance tests. No separation of colisepticemic vs. cellulitis E. coli isolates was observed on the basis of SR. Colicin production by E. coli was highly correlated with serum resistance (P = 0.0029). These data suggest that cellulitis E. coli have virulence traits similar to those of colisepticemic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jeffrey
- Department of Population, Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wolfe
- National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Landrigan
- Center for Children's Health and the Environment, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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35
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Wolfe S. Clinical trials. How informed should consent be? RN 2000; 63:77-82. [PMID: 10897755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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36
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Wolfe S. Are you ready for bloodless medicine? RN 2000; 63:42-6. [PMID: 10865696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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37
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Wolfe S. In-office testing: a survey. RN 2000; 63:suppl 2-6. [PMID: 10808933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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38
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Wolfe S. Hospitalists. Good or bad news for nurses? RN 2000; 63:31-3. [PMID: 10765375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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39
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteral tube feeding is routinely used in many cystic fibrosis centres when weight for height percentage is less than 85%, when there has been weight loss for greater than a two month period or when there has been no weight gain for two to three months (under five years old) or for six months (over five years old). OBJECTIVES To examine the evidence that in patients with cystic fibrosis supplemental enteral tube feeding improves nutritional status, respiratory function, and quality of life without significant adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group specialised register and contacted the companies which market enteral feeds and reviewed their databases. Date of the most recent search of the Group's specialised register: November 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials comparing supplemental enteral tube feeding for one month or longer with no specific intervention in patients with cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS There are no trials included in this review. MAIN RESULTS There are no trials included in this review. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Supplemental enteral tube feeding is widely used throughout the world to improve nutritional status in patients with cystic fibrosis. The methods mostly used, nasogastric or gastrostomy feeding, are invasive, expensive, and may have a negative effect on self esteem and body image. Reported use of enteral tube feeding suggests that it results in nutritional and respiratory improvement and it is disappointing that their efficacy has not been fully assessed by randomised controlled trials. With the more frequent recommendations to use enteral tube feeding as an early rather than a late intervention, this systematic review identifies the need for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial assessing both efficacy and possible adverse effects of enteral tube feeding in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Conway
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds, Yorkshire, UK, LS14 6UH
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40
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Wolfe S, Belkić K. The central nervous system: bridge between the external milieu and the cardiovascular system. Occup Med 2000; 15:107-16. [PMID: 10620788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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41
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Fernández MJ, Adrio JL, Piret JM, Wolfe S, Ro S, Demain AL. Stimulatory effect of growth in the presence of alcohols on biotransformation of penicillin G into cephalosporin-type antibiotics by resting cells of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1999; 52:484-8. [PMID: 10570794 DOI: 10.1007/s002530051549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1 in the presence of methanol or ethanol resulted in a marked increase in production of cephalosporin(s) from penicillin G by resting cells. The mycelium produced in alcohol-supplemented medium was fragmented and dispersed as compared with growth in control medium. HPLC analysis showed that at least two products were present in the biotransformation supernatant fluid after 1 h incubation. One of them has been identified as deacetoxycephalosporin G (DAOG).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fernández
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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42
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Birnbaum Y, Maynard C, Wolfe S, Mager A, Strasberg B, Rechavia E, Gates K, Wagner GS. Terminal QRS distortion on admission is better than ST-segment measurements in predicting final infarct size and assessing the Potential effect of thrombolytic therapy in anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84:530-4. [PMID: 10482150 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed predicting final infarct size (using predischarge Selvester score) by 3 electrocardiographic variables in 267 patients with first anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing (n = 86) or not undergoing (n = 181) thrombolysis. Patients with previous AMI or inverted T waves in leads with ST elevation were excluded. The sum (sigma) of ST elevation, the number of leads with ST elevation, and the initial electrocardiographic pattern were determined on the admission electrocardiogram (absence (QRS-) or presence (QRS+) of distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS in > or =2 leads (J point > or =0.5 of the R-wave amplitude in leads I, aVL, V4 to V6, or presence of ST elevation without S waves in leads V1 to V3). There was no association between sigmaST elevation and final infarct size in patients who did or did not receive thrombolytic therapy. Analysis of covariance showed that the number of leads with ST elevation (F = 19.6), thrombolysis (F = 25.2), and QRS+ initial pattern (F = 19.5) were all associated with final infarct size (p <0.0001 for all). Among patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy, the average Selvester score was 19.7+/-9.9 for the QRS- patients and 26.1+/-10.4 for the QRS+ patients (p = 0.02). Among patients who received thrombolytic therapy, the average Selvester score was 11.7+/-9.8 for the QRS- patients and 24.2+/-10.1 for the QRS+ patients (p <0.0001). Thrombolysis reduced final Selvester score only in the QRS- group (p <0.00001), but not in the QRS+ group (p = 0.45). It is concluded that (1) final Selvester score in anterior wall AMI can be predicted by the number of leads with ST elevation, the initial electrocardiographic pattern, and thrombolysis, and (2) thrombolysis reduces final Selvester score only in patients with QRS- pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Birnbaum
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
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43
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Wolfe S. Importing health care reform? Issues in transposing Canada's health care system to the United States. Health PAC Bull 1999; 20:27-33. [PMID: 10106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Wolfe
- Columbia University School of Public Health
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44
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Wolfe S. Public disclosure of process and outcome measures. Clin Perform Qual Health Care 1999; 7:38-40. [PMID: 10351592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a long history of resistance to public disclosure of data comparing the quality of doctors or hospitals. Examples of data ultimately disclosed are risk-adjusted cardiac bypass surgery mortality data, cesarean section rates, doctor immunization practices, and state medical board rates of serious disciplinary actions. Recent studies on postoperative infection rates in Veterans' Affairs hospitals show large differences even after risk adjustment. It is inevitable that more comparative quality data involving both the process and outcome of medical care will be made public after proper adjustment for risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wolfe
- Public Citizen Health Research Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA
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45
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Wolfe S. Ethics on the job. A survey. Quality vs. cost. RN 1999; 62:28-33; quiz 34. [PMID: 9987432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In this third installment in our series, nurses tell us how hospital cost-cutting measures have taken a bite out of quality of care, affecting everything from staffing levels to patient discharge to the availability of supplies. Depending on where you work, though, the news isn't all bad.
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46
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Wolfe S. Ethics on the job: A survey. When caregivers endanger patients. RN 1998; 61:28-32; quiz 33. [PMID: 10578936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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47
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Wolfe S. Ethics on the job: a survey. When is it time to die? RN 1998; 61:50-6; quiz 59. [PMID: 10205579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Price
- GlaxoWellcome U.K., Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K
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49
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Cho H, Adrio JL, Luengo JM, Wolfe S, Ocran S, Hintermann G, Piret JM, Demain AL. Elucidation of conditions allowing conversion of penicillin G and other penicillins to deacetoxycephalosporins by resting cells and extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:11544-8. [PMID: 9751702 PMCID: PMC21677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using resting cells and extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1, we have been able to convert penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) to deacetoxycephalosporin G. Conversion was achieved by increasing by 45x the concentration of FeSO4 (1.8 mM) and doubling the concentration of alpha-ketoglutarate (1.28 mM) as compared with standard conditions used for the normal cell-free conversion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C. ATP, MgSO4, KCl, and DTT, important in cell-free expansion of penicillin N, did not play a significant role in the ring expansion of penicillin G by resting cells or cell-free extracts. When these conditions were used with 14 other penicillins, ring expansion was achieved in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cho
- Fermentation Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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50
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Wolfe S. Look for signs of abuse. RN 1998; 61:48-51; quiz 54. [PMID: 9739300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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