1
|
Viengkhou B, Hong C, Mazur C, Damle S, Gallo NB, Fang TC, Henry K, Campbell IL, Kamme F, Hofer MJ. Interferon-α receptor antisense oligonucleotides reduce neuroinflammation and neuropathology in a mouse model of cerebral interferonopathy. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169562. [PMID: 38357922 PMCID: PMC10869178 DOI: 10.1172/jci169562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic and elevated levels of the antiviral cytokine IFN-α in the brain are neurotoxic. This is best observed in patients with genetic cerebral interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Cerebral interferonopathies typically manifest in early childhood and lead to debilitating disease and premature death. There is no cure for these diseases with existing treatments largely aimed at managing symptoms. Thus, an effective therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. Here, we investigated the effect of antisense oligonucleotides targeting the murine IFN-α receptor (Ifnar1 ASOs) in a transgenic mouse model of cerebral interferonopathy. Intracerebroventricular injection of Ifnar1 ASOs into transgenic mice with brain-targeted chronic IFN-α production resulted in a blunted cerebral interferon signature, reduced neuroinflammation, restoration of blood-brain barrier integrity, absence of tissue destruction, and lessened neuronal damage. Remarkably, Ifnar1 ASO treatment was also effective when given after the onset of neuropathological changes, as it reversed such disease-related features. We conclude that ASOs targeting the IFN-α receptor halt and reverse progression of IFN-α-mediated neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, opening what we believe to be a new and promising approach for the treatment of patients with cerebral interferonopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Curt Mazur
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Sagar Damle
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | | | - Kate Henry
- Biogen Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iain L. Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Markus J. Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McMahon MA, Rahdar M, Mukhopadhyay S, Bui HH, Hart C, Damle S, Courtney M, Baughn MW, Cleveland DW, Bennett CF. GOLGA8 increases bulk antisense oligonucleotide uptake and activity in mammalian cells. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2023; 32:289-301. [PMID: 37096163 PMCID: PMC10122063 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short synthetic nucleic acids that recognize and bind to complementary RNA to modulate gene expression. It is well established that single-stranded, phosphorothioate-modified ASOs enter cells independent of carrier molecules, primarily via endocytic pathways, but that only a small portion of internalized ASO is released into the cytosol and/or nucleus, rendering the majority of ASO inaccessible to the targeted RNA. Identifying pathways that can increase the available ASO pool is valuable as a research tool and therapeutically. Here, we conducted a functional genomic screen for ASO activity by engineering GFP splice reporter cells and applying genome-wide CRISPR gene activation. The screen can identify factors that enhance ASO splice modulation activity. Characterization of hit genes uncovered GOLGA8, a largely uncharacterized protein, as a novel positive regulator enhancing ASO activity by ∼2-fold. Bulk ASO uptake is 2- to 5-fold higher in GOLGA8-overexpressing cells where GOLGA8 and ASOs are observed in the same intracellular compartments. We find GOLGA8 is highly localized to the trans-Golgi and readily detectable at the plasma membrane. Interestingly, overexpression of GOLGA8 increased activity for both splice modulation and RNase H1-dependent ASOs. Taken together, these results support a novel role for GOLGA8 in productive ASO uptake.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pollak AJ, Cauntay P, Machemer T, Paz S, Damle S, Henry SP, Burel SA. Inflammatory Non-CpG Antisense Oligonucleotides Are Signaling Through TLR9 in Human Burkitt Lymphoma B Bjab Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:473-485. [PMID: 36355073 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based phosphorothioate containing antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs) have the potential to activate cellular innate immune responses, and the level of activation can vary quite dramatically with sequence. Minimizing the degree of proinflammatory effect is one of the main selection criteria for compounds intended to move into clinical trials. While a recently developed human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (hPBMC)-based assay showed excellent ability to detect innate immune active PS-ASOs, which can then be discarded from the developmental process, this assay is highly resource intensive and easily affected by subject variability. This compelled us to develop a more convenient high-throughput assay. In this study, we describe a new in vitro assay, utilizing a cultured human Bjab cell line, which was developed and validated to identify PS-ASOs that may cause innate immune activation. The assay was calibrated to replicate results from the hPBMC assay. The Bjab assay was designed to be high throughput and more convenient by using RT-qPCR readout of mRNA of the chemokine Ccl22. The Bjab assay was also shown to be highly reproducible and to provide a large dynamic range in determining the immune potential of PS-ASOs through comparison to known benchmark PS-ASO controls that were previously shown to be safe or inflammatory in clinical trials. In addition, we demonstrate that Bjab cells can be used to provide mechanistic information on PS-ASO TLR9-dependent innate immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Pollak
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Todd Machemer
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Suzanne Paz
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Sagar Damle
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Scott P Henry
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grote Beverborg N, Später D, Knöll R, Hidalgo A, Yeh ST, Elbeck Z, Silljé HHW, Eijgenraam TR, Siga H, Zurek M, Palmér M, Pehrsson S, Albery T, Bomer N, Hoes MF, Boogerd CJ, Frisk M, van Rooij E, Damle S, Louch WE, Wang QD, Fritsche-Danielson R, Chien KR, Hansson KM, Mullick AE, de Boer RA, van der Meer P. Phospholamban antisense oligonucleotides improve cardiac function in murine cardiomyopathy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5180. [PMID: 34462437 PMCID: PMC8405807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for novel treatment options, despite recent improvements. Aberrant Ca2+ handling is a key feature of HF pathophysiology. Restoring the Ca2+ regulating machinery is an attractive therapeutic strategy supported by genetic and pharmacological proof of concept studies. Here, we study antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as a therapeutic modality, interfering with the PLN/SERCA2a interaction by targeting Pln mRNA for downregulation in the heart of murine HF models. Mice harboring the PLN R14del pathogenic variant recapitulate the human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype; subcutaneous administration of PLN-ASO prevents PLN protein aggregation, cardiac dysfunction, and leads to a 3-fold increase in survival rate. In another genetic DCM mouse model, unrelated to PLN (Cspr3/Mlp-/-), PLN-ASO also reverses the HF phenotype. Finally, in rats with myocardial infarction, PLN-ASO treatment prevents progression of left ventricular dilatation and improves left ventricular contractility. Thus, our data establish that antisense inhibition of PLN is an effective strategy in preclinical models of genetic cardiomyopathy as well as ischemia driven HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Später
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Hidalgo
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Flemington, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Zaher Elbeck
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim R Eijgenraam
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Humam Siga
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Zurek
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Palmér
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Experimental Biomedicine, Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Pehrsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tamsin Albery
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F Hoes
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Boogerd
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Fritsche-Danielson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenny M Hansson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Damle S, Thourani VH. There is no "I" in "TEAM," Unless You Don't Play as Much. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:59-60. [PMID: 33248233 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Damle
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Damle S, Thourani VH. Surgical Valve Prosthesis Choices: Choose for the Now, But Don't Forget About the Future. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1206. [PMID: 33212027 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Damle
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Heart and Vascular Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, 95 Collier Rd, Ste 5015, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Heart and Vascular Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, 95 Collier Rd, Ste 5015, Atlanta, GA 30309.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wudel JH, Damle S, Petty JV, Tunuguntla A, Martin SL, Rooney S. Utility of Suprasternal Transinnominate Artery for Alternate Access in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Innovations (Phila) 2020; 16:58-62. [PMID: 33124926 DOI: 10.1177/1556984520967653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite advancements in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technology, alternate access strategies are still required when transfemoral access is unsuitable. In these often anatomically complex group of patients, we sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of suprasternal transinnominate (TI) artery access for TAVR. METHODS At our institution, 652 patients underwent TAVR from November 2011 through February 2020. Of these, 23 patients underwent TI TAVR via a 5-cm suprasternal incision without special instrumentation. Outcomes of interest were technical considerations, postoperative complications, and perioperative recovery in relation to established access strategies. RESULTS The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score was 8.6 ± 4.2 and the average age was 75 ± 8. All patients underwent TI TAVR using a self-expanding (12), or balloon-expandable (11) transcatheter heart valve. Average postoperative stay was 2 ± 0.7 days (range 2 to 4) with most 20/23 (87%) being discharged to home. There was no 30-day mortality or readmission. There was 1 access-site complication and 1 cerebrovascular accident within 30 days, both intraoperative, with excellent recovery. All patients had either trivial (19) or mild (4) aortic regurgitation on 30-day echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS TAVR via suprasternal TI access is feasible, safe, provides satisfactory perioperative recovery and adds to the options when patients require alternate access. Further data would be optimal to validate this single-center experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Wudel
- 159566 CHI Nebraska Heart Hospital, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sagar Damle
- 165591 Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shari Rooney
- 159566 CHI Nebraska Heart Hospital, Lincoln, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong A, Ghiaccio V, Motta I, Guo S, Peralta R, Freier SM, Watt A, Damle S, Ikawa Y, Jarocha D, Chappell M, Stephanou C, Delbini P, Chen C, Christou S, Kleanthous M, Smith-Whitley K, Manwani D, Casu C, Abdulmalik O, Cappellini MD, Rivella S, Breda L. 2'-O-methoxyethyl splice-switching oligos correct splicing from IVS2-745 β-thalassemia patient cells restoring HbA production and chain rebalance. Haematologica 2019; 106:1433-1442. [PMID: 32439726 PMCID: PMC8094087 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a disorder caused by altered hemoglobin protein synthesis which affects individuals worldwide. Severe forms of the disease, left untreated, can result in death before the age of 3 years.1 The standard of care consists of chronic and costly palliative treatment by blood transfusion combined with iron chelation. This dual approach suppresses anemia and reduces iron-related toxicities in patients. Allogeneic bone marrow transplant is an option, but limited by the availability of a highly compatible hematopoietic stem cell donor. While gene therapy is being explored in several trials, its use is highly limited to developed regions with centers of excellence and well-established healthcare systems. 2 Hence, there remains a tremendous unmet medical need to develop alternative treatment strategies for b-thalassemia.3 Occurrence of aberrant splicing is one of the processes that affects b-globin synthesis in b-thalassemia. The (C>G) IVS2-745 is a splicing mutation within intron 2 of the b-globin (HBB) gene. It leads to an aberrantly spliced mRNA that incorporates an intron fragment. This results in an in-frame premature termination codon that inhibits b-globin production. Here, we propose the use of uniform 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE) splice switching oligos (SSO) to reverse this aberrant splicing in the pre-mRNA. With these SSO we show aberrant to wild-type splice switching. This switching leads to an increase of adult hemoglobin up to 80% in erythroid cells from patients with the IVS2-745 HBB mutation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a restoration of the balance between b-like- and α-globin chains, and up to an 87% reduction in toxic heme aggregates. While examining the potential benefit of 2'-MOE-SSO in a mixed sickle-thalassemic phenotypic setting, we found reduced sickle hemoglobin synthesis and sickle cell formation due to HbA induction. In summary, 2'-MOE-SSO are a promising therapy for forms of b-thalassemia caused by mutations leading to aberrant splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Dong
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Valentina Ghiaccio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Irene Motta
- University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andy Watt
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Maxwell Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Coralea Stephanou
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paola Delbini
- University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Connie Chen
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Soteroula Christou
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kim Smith-Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Carla Casu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Laura Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murray H, Peralta R, Damle S, Lee R, Prakash T, Seth P, Fu W, Murray S, Guo S. Sub‐organ Fractionation of Hepatic Cells after Antisense Oligonucleotide Treatment in Mice. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.760.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sagar Damle
- Functional GenomicsIonis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCA
| | - Richard Lee
- Drug DiscoveryIonis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCA
| | | | - Punit Seth
- Medicinal ChemistryIonis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCA
| | - Wuxia Fu
- Drug DiscoveryIonis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCA
| | - Sue Murray
- Drug DiscoveryIonis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCA
| | - Shuling Guo
- Drug DiscoveryIonis PharmaceuticalsCarlsbadCA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao HT, Damle S, Ikeda-Lee K, Kuntz S, Li J, Mohan A, Kim A, Hung G, Scheideler MA, Scherer SS, Svaren J, Swayze EE, Kordasiewicz HB. PMP22 antisense oligonucleotides reverse Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A features in rodent models. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:359-368. [PMID: 29202483 DOI: 10.1172/jci96499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is caused by duplication of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) and is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. CMT1A is characterized by demyelination and axonal loss, which underlie slowed motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and reduced compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) in patients. There is currently no known treatment for this disease. Here, we show that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) effectively suppress PMP22 mRNA in affected nerves in 2 murine CMT1A models. Notably, initiation of ASO treatment after disease onset restored myelination, MNCV, and CMAP almost to levels seen in WT animals. In addition to disease-associated gene expression networks that were restored with ASO treatment, we also identified potential disease biomarkers through transcriptomic profiling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that reduction of PMP22 mRNA in skin biopsies from ASO-treated rats is a suitable biomarker for evaluating target engagement in response to ASO therapy. These results support the use of ASOs as a potential treatment for CMT1A and elucidate potential disease and target engagement biomarkers for use in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar Damle
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Steven Kuntz
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Apoorva Mohan
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Aneeza Kim
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Gene Hung
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric E Swayze
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jones TS, Sullivan A, Damle S, Weyant MJ, Mitchell JD, Weitzel NS, Meguid RA. Assessment and Management of Post-Intubation Airway Injuries. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 21:99-104. [PMID: 27166401 DOI: 10.1177/1089253216647488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tracheal laceration is a known complication of endotracheal intubation. This rare complication remains a diagnostic and management challenge for today's practitioners. This clinical challenge report highlights current surgical and anesthetic management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sagar Damle
- 3 Nebraska Heart Institute, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rothenberg EV, Champhekar A, Damle S, Del Real MM, Kueh HY, Li L, Yui MA. Transcriptional establishment of cell-type identity: dynamics and causal mechanisms of T-cell lineage commitment. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2013; 78:31-41. [PMID: 24135716 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2013.78.020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Precursor cell entry into the T-cell developmental pathway can be divided into two phases by the closure of T-lineage commitment. As cells decide against the last alternative options to the T-cell fate, they turn on the transcription factor Bcl11b and silence expression of a group of multipotent progenitor regulatory factors that include hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1. Functional perturbation tests show that Bcl11b is needed for commitment while PU.1 actively participates in keeping open access to alternative fates, until it is silenced; however, PU.1 and Bcl11b both contribute positively to T-cell development. Our recent work reviewed here sheds light on the transcriptional regulatory network that determines the timing and irreversibility of Bcl11b activation, the ways that Notch signaling from the thymic microenvironment restricts the action of PU.1 to prevent it from diverting cells to non-T fates, and the target genes that PU.1 still regulates under the influence of Notch signaling to contribute to T-cell generation. We argue that T-cell development depends on the sequential operation of two interlaced, but mutually antagonistic, gene regulatory networks, one initially supporting expansion before commitment and the other imposing a "terminal" differentiation process on committed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ameya Champhekar
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Sagar Damle
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | | | - Hao Yuan Kueh
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Long Li
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Mary A Yui
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Damle S, Davidson EH. Precise cis-regulatory control of spatial and temporal expression of the alx-1 gene in the skeletogenic lineage of s. purpuratus. Dev Biol 2011; 357:505-17. [PMID: 21723273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deployment of the gene-regulatory network (GRN) responsible for skeletogenesis in the embryo of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is restricted to the large micromere lineage by a double negative regulatory gate. The gate consists of a GRN subcircuit composed of the pmar1 and hesC genes, which encode repressors and are wired in tandem, plus a set of target regulatory genes under hesC control. The skeletogenic cell state is specified initially by micromere-specific expression of these regulatory genes, viz. alx1, ets1, tbrain and tel, plus the gene encoding the Notch ligand Delta. Here we use a recently developed high throughput methodology for experimental cis-regulatory analysis to elucidate the genomic regulatory system controlling alx1 expression in time and embryonic space. The results entirely confirm the double negative gate control system at the cis-regulatory level, including definition of the functional HesC target sites, and add the crucial new information that the drivers of alx1 expression are initially Ets1, and then Alx1 itself plus Ets1. Cis-regulatory analysis demonstrates that these inputs quantitatively account for the magnitude of alx1 expression. Furthermore, the Alx1 gene product not only performs an auto-regulatory role, promoting a fast rise in alx1 expression, but also, when at high levels, it behaves as an auto-repressor. A synthetic experiment indicates that this behavior is probably due to dimerization. In summary, the results we report provide the sequence level basis for control of alx1 spatial expression by the double negative gate GRN architecture, and explain the rising, then falling temporal expression profile of the alx1 gene in terms of its auto-regulatory genetic wiring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Damle
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zurawel A, Moore EE, Peltz ED, Jordan JR, Damle S, Dzieciatkowska M, Banerjee A, Hansen KC. Proteomic profiling of the mesenteric lymph after hemorrhagic shock: Differential gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis. Clin Proteomics 2010; 8:1. [PMID: 21906351 PMCID: PMC3167200 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments show that upon traumatic injury the composition of mesenteric lymph changes such that it initiates an immune response that can ultimately result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). To identify candidate protein mediators of this process we carried out a quantitative proteomic study on mesenteric lymph from a well characterized rat shock model. We analyzed three animals using analytical 2D differential gel electrophoresis. Intra-animal variation for the majority of protein spots was minor. Functional clustering of proteins revealed changes arising from several global classes that give novel insight into fundamental mechanisms of MODS. Mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis of proteins in mesenteric lymph can effectively be used to identify candidate mediators and loss of protective agents in shock models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Zurawel
- Proteomics Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Babu AN, Damle S, Moore EE, Ao LH, Song Y, Johnson JL, Banerjee A, Weyant M, Meng X, Fullerton DA. Therapeutic induction of heme-oxygenase-1 in the lung using a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier. J Am Coll Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Babu A, Damle S, Moore E, Ao L, Song Y, Johnson J, Banerjee A, Meng X, Fullerton D. 115. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Damle S, Hanser B, Davidson EH, Fraser SE. Confocal quantification of cis-regulatory reporter gene expression in living sea urchin. Dev Biol 2006; 299:543-50. [PMID: 16919620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of GFP reporter gene expression at single cell level in living sea urchin embryos can now be accomplished by a new method of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Eggs injected with a tissue-specific GFP reporter DNA construct were grown to gastrula stage and their fluorescence recorded as a series of contiguous Z-section slices that spanned the entire embryo. To measure the depth-dependent signal decay seen in the successive slices of an image stack, the eggs were coinjected with a freely diffusible internal fluorescent standard, rhodamine dextran. The measured rhodamine fluorescence was used to generate a computational correction for the depth-dependent loss of GFP fluorescence per slice. The intensity of GFP fluorescence was converted to the number of GFP molecules using a conversion constant derived from CLSM imaging of eggs injected with a measured quantity of GFP protein. The outcome is a validated method for accurately counting GFP molecules in given cells in reporter gene transfer experiments, as we demonstrate by use of an expression construct expressed exclusively in skeletogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Damle
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Damle S, Cothren CC, Moore EE, Kim FJ. Double trouble: duplication of vas deferens encountered during inguinal hernia repair. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 201:141. [PMID: 15978455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Damle
- Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sharp SB, Villalvazo M, Huang M, Gonzalez R, Alarcon I, Bahamonde M, D'Agostin DM, Damle S, Espinosa A, Han SJ, Liu J, Navarro P, Salguero H, Son J, Vu S. Further characterization of BC3H1 myogenic cells reveals lack of p53 activity and underexpression of several p53 regulated and extracellular matrix-associated gene products. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2002; 38:382-93. [PMID: 12534338 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0382:fcobmc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To catalog factors that may contribute to the completion of myogenesis, we have been looking for molecular differences between BC3H1 and C2C12 cells. Cells of the BC3H1 tumor line, though myogenic, are nonfusing, and withdraw from the cell cycle only reversibly, whereas cells of the C2C12 line fuse, differentiate terminally, and express several muscle-specific gene products that BC3H1 cells do not. Relative to C2C12 cells, BC3H1 cells underaccumulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and underaccumulated transcripts for p21, GADD45, CDO, decorin, osteopontin, H19, fibronectin, and thrombospondin-1 (tsp-1). Levels of accumulation of H19, tsp-1, and larger isoforms of fibronectin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were found to increase in response to expression of myogenic regulatory factors as shown by their accumulation in differentiated myogenically converted 10T1/2 cells but not in 10T1/2 fibroblasts. BC3H1s accumulated a temperature-insensitive, geldanamycin-sensitive, misfolded form of p53 incapable of transactivating a p53 responsive reporter, consistent with underexpression of p21, GADD45, and tsp-1. BC3H1 and C2C12 cells were similar with respect to upregulation of p27 protein, downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) protein, upregulation of retinoblastoma (Rb) mRNA, and nuclear localization of hypophosphorylated Rb. Cells of both lines expressed the muscle-specific 1b isoform of MEF2D. Although nonfusing in the short term, after more than 18 d in differentiation medium, some cultures of BC3H1 cells formed viable multinucleated cells in which the nuclei did not reinitiate synthesis of DNA in response to serum. Our findings suggest participation of tsp-1 and specific isoforms of fibronectin in myogenesis and suggest additional avenues of research in myogenesis and oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B Sharp
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharp SB, Villalvazo M, Espinosa A, Damle S, Padilla X, Hartono J, Gonzalez R, Vu S. Bc3h1 myogenic cells produce an infectious ecotropic murine leukemia virus. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2002; 38:378-81. [PMID: 12534337 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0378:bmcpai>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
cDNAs representing an endogenous C-type ecotropic murine leukemia virus were isolated from a cDNA library constructed to represent mRNAs present in BC3H1 myogenic cells but not in C2C12 myogenic cells. RNA blot hybridization analysis using the cDNA inserts as probes revealed that BC3H1 cells produce MuLV-related transcirpts of at least three different size classes. A polymerase chain reaction enhanced assay for reverse transcriptase activity revealed the presence of reverse transcriptase in a viral pellet from medium conditioned by BC3H1 cells. A fungizone enhanced assay for syncitium formation provided further evidence of ecotropic retroviral particle production. Exposure of 3T3 cells to medium conditioned by BC3H1 cells, using conditions that facilitate infection, resulted in infection of the 3T3 cells, as confirmed by the syncitium formation assay. We conclude that BC3H1 cells produce an infectious ecotropic murine leukemia virus. Whether or not this feature of BC3H1 cells contributes to their inability to express some muscle-specific genes or to carry out myotube formation is unknown. Investigators will want to take into account that BC3H1 cells are virus producers when planning experiments that involve coculture of BC3H1 with other cell types, BC3H1 conditioned medium, retrovirally mediated transfection into BC3H1 cells, or study of the mCAT-1 amino acid transporter (the viral receptor) in BC3H1 cells. BC3H1 cells and the virus they produce may be of interest to those studying retroviral genomes and products and their effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B Sharp
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vijayasarathy C, Damle S, Lenka N, Avadhani NG. Tissue variant effects of heme inhibitors on the mouse cytochrome c oxidase gene expression and catalytic activity of the enzyme complex. Eur J Biochem 1999; 266:191-200. [PMID: 10542064 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo effects of heme biosynthesis inhibitors, succinylacetone and CoCl2 on the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) gene expression and enzyme activity in different mouse tissues were investigated. Succinylacetone and CoCl2 showed tissue-specific differences in their ability to modulate heme aa3 content. A single dose of succinylacetone treatment for 8 h reduced the heme aa3 content of kidney mitochondria with no effect on the liver. CoCl2 treatment for 8 h, however, selectively affected the heme aa3 level in the liver. Reduced mitochondrial heme aa3 with both treatments was accompanied by approximately 50% reduced, mitochondrial genome-encoded COX I and II mRNAs and nuclear genome-encoded COX Vb mRNAs, but no change in COX IV mRNA level. Use of isolated mouse liver and brain mitochondrial systems showed a 50-80% reduction in mitochondrial transcription and translation rates in heme-depleted tissues. Blue native gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblot analysis showed that the complex from heme-depleted tissues contained a 30-50% reduction in levels of subunits I, IV, Vb and near normal levels of subunit VIc, indicating altered subunit content. Treatment of submitochondrial particles with protein kinase A and ATP resulted in partial dissociation of COX, suggesting a mechanistic basis for the reduced subunit content of the complex from heme-depleted tissues. Surprisingly, the enzyme from heme-depleted tissues showed twofold to fourfold higher turnover rates for cytochrome c oxidation, suggesting alterations in the kinetic characteristics of the enzyme following heme reduction. This is probably the first evidence that the tissue heme level regulates not only the mammalian COX gene expression, but also the catalytic activity of the enzyme, probably by affecting its stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Vijayasarathy
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Damle S, Beitler JJ, Haynes H, Camacho M, Wolf E, Wadler S. Phase I-II study of 5-fluorouracil, recombinant interferon alpha2a, and cisplatin in combination with external beam radiation therapy followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Clin Oncol 1999; 22:391-5. [PMID: 10440197 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-199908000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to external beam radiation therapy and possibly surgery alone for the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. The combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, and recombinant interferon alpha2a (IFN) has yielded 65% response rates in metastatic and regionally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. A phase I-II study was performed to assess the feasibility of combining 5-FU, IFN, and cisplatin with external beam radiation therapy followed by surgery in potentially resectable patients. Eligibility included biopsy-proven stage II-III squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with no prior therapy. External beam radiation therapy was administered concurrently with chemotherapy beginning on day 1, 5 days per week, twice a day with 1.5 Gy/fraction to a total dose of 45 Gy. 5-FU was administered at 750 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 after the administration of IFN and cisplatin. IFN was given at a dose of 6 million units subcutaneously three times per week beginning on day 1. Dose levels I, II, and III of cisplatin were 25, 30, and 35 mg/m2 administered on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29. The sequence of administration was IFN followed by cisplatin followed immediately by 5-FU. Dose escalation between patient cohorts occurred if 0/3 or < or = 1/6 patients had dose-limiting toxicity, i.e., grade II-III toxicity attributable to cisplatin. A phase II trial was planned using the maximum tolerated dose of cisplatin determined from the phase I trial. Patients who successfully completed therapy underwent thoracic exploration to resect residual disease. Twelve patients were enrolled; all were eligible. The demographics of the population were median age, 60 years (range, 44-77); nine male and three female patients; nine squamous cell carcinoma, one adenocarcinoma, and two adenosquamous histology; stage II:III, 2:10. Grade 3-4 toxicities included granulocytopenia (12 patients), thrombocytopenia (six), anemia (three), infection (six), diarrhea (two), mucositis (two), and renal and hepatic toxicities (one). Five patients had a clinical complete response, among whom four underwent surgery. At surgery, one patient had no evidence of residual disease and three patients had microscopic disease only. Two patients had progressive disease and five could not complete the therapy because of toxicities. Two patients are alive and disease free at 25 and 23 months, respectively. This regimen, though active, demonstrated an unfavorable toxicity profile and cannot be recommended for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Damle
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wadler S, Damle S, Haynes H, Kaleya R, Schechner R, Berkenblit R, Ladner RD, Murgo A. Phase II/pharmacodynamic trial of dose-intensive, weekly parenteral hydroxyurea and fluorouracil administered with interferon alfa-2a in patients with refractory malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:1771-8. [PMID: 10561214 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.6.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Combined depletion of pyrimidine and purine DNA precursors has resulted in therapeutic synergism in vitro. The aims of the current study were to test this strategy in patients with refractory tumors and to assess its effects on selected nucleotide pools. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-institution phase II trial was initiated in patients with advanced carcinomas of the stomach and pancreas. Patients had measurable disease and had no prior chemotherapy except adjuvant fluorouracil (5FU) or gemcitabine. 5FU was administered by CADD + pump at 2.6 g/m(2) intravenously by 24-hour infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36. Parenteral hydroxyurea (HU) was administered at 4.3 g/m(2) as a 24-hour infusion concurrently with 5FU. Interferon alfa-2a (IFN-alpha2a) was administered at 9 million units subcutaneously on days 1, 3, and 5 each week. No drug was administered in weeks 7 and 8. Pharmacodynamic studies were performed to assess drug effects on levels of deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) and thymidine triphosphate (TTP) pools in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and 6 hours after treatment using a highly sensitive DNA polymerase assay. RESULTS There were 53 patients enrolled onto the study (gastric carcinoma, 31; pancreatic carcinoma, 22). The median age was 61 years, with 22% of patients > or = 70 years old. The predominant grade 3 to 4 toxicities were leukopenia (49%), granulocytopenia (55%), and thrombocytopenia (22%). Severe diarrhea occurred in 12%, mucositis in 0%, and vomiting in 10% of patients. Patients > or = 70 years had no greater incidence of toxicities. Among the 30 assessable patients with gastric carcinoma, there were two (7%) complete responders and 11 (37%) partial responders (median duration, 7 months). Among the 21 assessable patients with pancreatic carcinoma, there was one responder. Median survival among all patients with gastric carcinoma was 10 months and 13 months for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Twenty-three patients had samples studied for levels of dUTP and TTP. There was no change in the levels of TTP before and after treatment. Furthermore, dUTP was detected in only five of 28 samples after treatment with no increase in the dUTP/TTP ratio. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with high-dose, weekly infusional HU and 5FU with IFN-alpha2a modulation was well-tolerated with activity in gastric cancer. Patients > or = 70 years tolerated therapy as well as younger patients. This was the first study to correlate levels of TTP and dUTP after treatment with clinical outcome. In PBMCs used as a surrogate tissue, HU abrogated the 5FU-induced increase in dUTP levels without reversing the overall efficacy of the regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wadler
- Departments of Oncology, Surgery, and Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, and the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dabon-Almirante CL, Damle S, Wadler S, Hupart K. Related case report: in vivo suppression of thyrotropin by 9-cis retinoic acid. Cancer J Sci Am 1999; 5:171-3. [PMID: 10367174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of a 48-year-old woman with advanced cervical cancer with the synthetic vitamin A derivative, 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA), resulted in thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression without clinical evidence of thyrotoxicosis, which resolved spontaneously when the drug was withdrawn. 9cRA, which is a pan-retinoid (RAR and RXR) agonist, has previously been implicated in induction of interactions between the thyroid receptor and the retinoid receptor, RXR, with endocrine target organ specificity. Furthermore, 9cRA has been shown to down-regulate thyroid-stimulating hormone messenger RNA in a pituitary-specific fashion in a murine model, a finding consistent with the pituitary-restricted thyrotoxicosis observed in our patient. This is the first reported case of thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression by 9cRA and suggests that patients receiving this agent should be monitored for pituitary and thyroid function abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Dabon-Almirante
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kemeny E, Fillit HM, Damle S, Mahabir R, Kefalides NA, Gregory JD, Antonovych T, Sabnis S, Zabriskie JB. Monoclonal antibodies to heparan sulfate proteoglycan: development and application to the study of normal tissue and pathologic human kidney biopsies. Connect Tissue Res 1988; 18:9-25. [PMID: 2972530 DOI: 10.3109/03008208809019069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (4F2 and 7E12) were prepared against heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) isolated from bovine glomeruli. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoblotting demonstrated that the mABs reacted with HSPG. Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) showed that the mAbs stained renal basement membranes (BMs) and BMs in other organs of normal bovine and human tissues in patterns typical of HSPG. Immunoinhibition studies, and immunoblotting of heparan lyase digested HSPG, indicated that the mAbs recognize HSPG core protein. In kidney biopsies from patients with acute poststreptococcal GN, intact linear glomerular BM (GBM) staining for HSPG was noted despite markedly widened capillary loops. In membranous and in diffuse proliferative lupus GN, loss of HSPG staining was demonstrated at sites of immunodeposition of IgG or C3, while increased staining for HSPG was noted in areas of newly formed GBM. Extensive loss of HSPG was seen in areas of glomerular sclerosis and necrosis. In biopsies from patients with minimal change glomerulonephritis (GN) and mesangioproliferative lupus GN, a normal linear GBM distribution of HSPG was noted. The findings are discussed in the context of current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of glomerular injury. MAbs to BM HSPG should prove useful for future immunochemical studies, and for the study of diseases of the basement membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kemeny
- Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y. 10021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stivala SS, Patel A, Khorramian B, Gregory JD, Damle S. Small-angle x-ray scattering of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan in solution. Biopolymers 1987; 26:633-50. [PMID: 3593888 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360260507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Damle S, LaBarbera AR, Miller JB, Hunzicker-Dunn M. Stimulation with LH of progesterone production by rabbit corpora lutea in vitro. J Reprod Fertil 1987; 79:431-6. [PMID: 3572877 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0790431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Quartered CL from 7-day pseudopregnant rabbits were incubated at 37 degrees C for 0-180 min in the presence of BSA, LH or adrenaline in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer. Total progesterone at each time point was quantified in homogenates of tissue plus incubation media and expressed relative to CL protein. Progesterone increased linearly with time during the first 30 min of incubation in the presence of BSA. LH and adrenaline markedly accelerated progesterone accumulations relative to the BSA control. At 10 min, progesterone accumulation in the presence of LH and adrenaline were 2.4 and 5.9 times that in the absence of stimulators, respectively. Both hormones caused concentration-dependent increases in progesterone and the apparent ED50 was 0.75 microgram/ml for LH and adrenaline. The CL obtained from ovaries of 7-day pseudopregnant rabbits are therefore capable of an acute steroidogenic synthetic response to LH as well as adrenaline.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tilak A, Wright K, Damle S, Takahashi M. Nuclear-magnetic-relaxation studies of the interaction of inhibitor with the threonine-sensitive aspartokinase of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem 1976; 69:249-55. [PMID: 186263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the feedback inhibition of the bifunctional enzyme, aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I of Escherichia coli was studied using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Since aspartokinase is activated by Mn(II), the interaction of the inhibitor L-threonine (specifically enriched to 90% 13C in the carboxyl carbon) with the metal-enzyme complex was studied. Spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times were determined by the partially relaxed Fourier transform method and line-width measurements respectively at 20 MHz. The pronounced broadening of the DL-threonine carboxyl peak in the presence of the Mn(II)-enzyme complex indicates that an L-threonine binding site is close to the metal binding site of the kinase active site. The non-identity of (T1)*M and (T2)*M indicates that conditions of fast exchange prevail. The (T1)*M/(T2)*M ratio was used to estimate a correlation time of 2.0 ns for the dipolar interaction at 25 degrees C. An estimate for the distance between Mn(II) and the threonine carboxyl carbon of 4.4 A (0.44 nm) was obtained. This 13C NMR study has thus located one of the two classes of threonine regulatory sites which exist per subunit; the threonine site identified here is at the aspartokinase active site, adjacent to the catalytic metal site.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsou KC, Bender D, Santora N, David L, Damle S. Synthesis of aziridinylallylaminophosphine oxides and sulfides as potential adjuvant cancer chemotherapeutic agents. J Med Chem 1976; 19:806-10. [PMID: 950650 DOI: 10.1021/jm00228a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bis (1-aziridinyl)(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)phosphine sulfide, an active anticancer agent with low hematopoietic toxicity in animals and man, was recommended several years ago for breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy as an alternate drug to thiotepa. This hope had led to the syntheses of aziridinylallylaminophosphine oxides or sulfides (compounds I-XVII) in our laboratories. The resurgent interest in this area of cancer chemotherapy encouraged us to report our synthetic work as well as their evaluation as both anticancer agents and insect chemosterilants. Based on observed antitumor activity in animals, low chemosterilant activity in female species (insects and rats), and histochemical observation of tissue toxicity in rat testes but not in ovaries, these new agents are of potential interest to the breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy program.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|